CN1943308A - Method for cultivating castor-oil plant - Google Patents
Method for cultivating castor-oil plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN1943308A CN1943308A CNA2006100972526A CN200610097252A CN1943308A CN 1943308 A CN1943308 A CN 1943308A CN A2006100972526 A CNA2006100972526 A CN A2006100972526A CN 200610097252 A CN200610097252 A CN 200610097252A CN 1943308 A CN1943308 A CN 1943308A
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of ecological planting technology. By way of ecological engineering design, the use of compound fertilizer trophosome, complex planting and green manure technology, the present invention realizes equilibrious soil nutrient, balancing soil microorganism , increasing disease resistance of plants, reducing pathogen and at same time it solves problems that continuous cropping and coming cropping are impossible and must be planted alternatively after four and five years. It is very important to the development of castor beans planting and the increase of economic benefit of castor bean processing corporation and planting farmers.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to field of ecological planting technology
Two, background technology
Castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis) belongs to euphorbia plant, another name bluish dogbane, straw, eight pockmarks, ox castor etc.Originate in Egypt, Ethiopia and India, the castor-oil plant of China's cultivation has more than 1400 year history approximately.Outstanding features such as castor-oil plant has drought-enduring, anti-ridge is thin, salt tolerant alkali, adaptability is strong, management is simple, less investment, benefit height are all can plant behind the house before grainfield or hilly ground, hillside, saline land and even limit, weir, the edge of a field, the room.Castor-oil plant is important oil crop, because castor oil has under the low temperature characteristics such as being not easy to solidify, being not easy under the high temperature volatilization, castor oil becomes the most important lubricating oil of Aeronautics and Astronautics.The deep processed product of castor oil is kind surplus in the of 3000 nearly, is the important source material of producing lubricant, plastics, cosmetics, washing agent, biodiesel etc.Castor bean leaf can be bred silkworms in addition, straw is the high-quality fibrous raw material, castor bean meal not only can be made fertilizer but also can be processed into high-quality feed.In the international market, castor-oil plant holds at high price, and supply falls short of demand, has the economic worth that comprehensive exploitation forms industry chain (supply chain), and value is high.According to the statistics made by the departments concerned, nearly 20 families of domestic existing large and medium-sized castor oil processing enterprise, its middle age processing person 8 families more than ten thousand tons.The demand of whole nation castor bean seed is at least average annual 800000 tons, but the present average annual gross output of China's castor-oil plant seed production ten thousand tons of 25-30 only, and breach is very big.Owing to be subjected to the puzzlement of castor-oil plant raw material supply shortage, most enterprises are in and stop production or half end-of-life state.So, greatly develop cultivating castor-oil plant and have broad prospects.Yet the average annual output of castor-oil plant is difficult to increase substantially, and its basic reason is: cultivating castor-oil plant requires can not continuous cropping (plantation continuously) and meet stubble (plantation next year), otherwise damage by disease and insect takes place seriously, and vine growth and development is bad, and blighted grain is many, and the underproduction is serious.For ensureing yield and quality, generally should carry out the above crop rotation of 4-5.This is the bottleneck place of restriction castor-oil plant development.Research and explore the method that the castor-oil plant continuous cropping is met the stubble plantation that overcomes all is significant to the development of cultivating castor-oil plant industry, the economic benefit that improves castor-oil plant processing enterprise and plantation peasant household.
Three, summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention:
The castor-oil plant continuous cropping, meet a damage by disease and insect that stubble plantation causes take place serious, problem such as vine growth and development is bad, and blighted grain is many, and the underproduction is serious, therefore, castor-oil plant will be increased production urgent need and will solve the continuous cropping of cultivating castor-oil plant and meet a batch problem.
The castor-oil plant continuous cropping, meeting stubble plantation, easily to cause damage by disease and insect to take place serious, and vine growth and development is bad, and blighted grain is many, and the underproduction is serious, and its basic reason has: 1. one is soil nutrient deficiency.On same plot, plant castor-oil plant year after year, all absorb identical nutrient every year, thereby cause the unilateral consumption of nutritive element, can not satisfy the castor-oil plant breeding time of the demand to soil nutrient; 2. two is that germ and the insect pest thereof that remains in the harm castor-oil plant in the soil increases.The castor-oil plant continuous cropping, meet the stubble the plot, because with castor-oil plant is that the parasitic hibernating bases such as bacterial speck, cyst roundworm disease and stalk break that infect are higher, particularly putrefying bacteria is more, and obtains to continue the environment and the condition of morbidity, infect seed and reduce the castor-oil plant germination rate or infect root, cause root rot.Thereby harm is more and more heavier; 3. three is allelochemical effects.Continuous cropping, meet a stubble plantation castor-oil plant, the organic matter of castor-oil plant and the secretion of its parasitic microbe is that castor-oil plant is had inhibiting allelochemical a bit, and these allelochemicals exist in the soil, cause the castor-oil plant underproduction; 4. four be plant development bad, have a low resistance.The castor-oil plant continuous cropping, meet stubble plantation and cause soil nutrient single, physicochemical character and biologically active change, and the fertility of castor-oil plant plant is bad, plant is short and small, and is thin and weak, the canopy irrational distribution, leaf area less leaf area index in middle level is little, and the blade Huang withers, and the functional period duration is short, a little less than the function, the assimilation products accumulation is few, and simultaneously, plant is had a low resistance, be subject to the damage by disease and insect infringement, yield poorly.Therefore, the concrete technical scheme of the present invention be by the ecological engineering aggregate measures realize improving the soil nutrient condition, reduce harmful microbe amount and allelochemical in the soil residual quantity, improve the resistance of plant itself, realize the castor-oil plant continuous cropping or meet a batch target of planting the not underproduction.The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
(1) seed selection and seed soaking: select place fine, that ventilation condition is good that high-quality hybrid castor-oil plant seed was spread out into individual layer airing 2-3 days in the sun before the sowing, and often stir, reject damaged, damaged by vermin seed; The castor-oil plant seed elder generation selection by winnowing that airing is good is removed most of flat grain for 2 times, seed after the choosing put into after weighing left standstill 3 hours after clear water stirs, whenever stir once in half an hour, pull floating seed at last out, to sink to water-bed full seed and put into plastic containers, add 45 ℃ water seed soaking 15-20 hour, transferred a water temperature every 3 hours and stir;
(2) disinfecting of seed: soaked seed in (1) pulled out put into sieve basket control water 30 minutes, then with 50% carbendazol wettable powder seed dressing (the pulvis consumption is 5 ‰ of a seed dry weight, and seed dressing is even), dry;
(3) nutritive cube is produced: with AM bacterial manure, zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N: P: K=16: 16: 16) fertilizer according to 1: 2: 2: it is fertile to be mixed into prescription at 30: 1000, will fill a prescription more fertile and soil press 1: 50 mixing nutritive cube matrix; With the machine for making pots system alms bowl of nutritive cube matrix with bore 8cm, dark 12cm;
(4) vernalization and last alms bowl: the seed that (2) are handled well is placed on vernalization under 25 ℃ the temperature, stirred once in per 6 hours, treating that most of seed is sprouted or had seed kind skin to begin to split to bring to light is seeded in the greenhouse with it when white or big plastic greenhouse contains in the fertile nutritive cube of prescription, 1 in every alms bowl; After growing 2 true leaves, the seedling in the nutritive cube just can be transplanted to big Tanaka; Fill a prescription to contain in the fertile nutritive cube and enrich phosphorus, calcium, potassium for the castor-oil plant growth of seedlings provides superior microhabitat, promote its robust growth, resistance against diseases improves, and the generation that alleviates damage by disease and insect such as bacterial wilt also can suitably be done sth. in advance between the cultivation time;
(5) keep soil to be alkalescent: cultivating castor-oil plant ground will keep soil to be alkalescent, when P in soil h value is lower than 7, applies alkaline matter such as lime and makes P in soil h value be alkalescent greater than 7, prevents from easily to cause when soil from being acidity the generation of diseases such as castor-oil plant bacterial wilt;
(6) handle in the land for growing field crops: every mu apply 2000 kilograms of fertilizers, urea 10kg, diammonium phosphate 10kg deep plough immediately, smooth, build the high ridge of the wide 20cm of 80cm then, the drain ditch of excavating out the dark 30-35cm of wide 30cm between the ridge;
(7) composite plant: beat in ridge central authorities during cultivating castor-oil plant and spread one deck AM bacterial manure matrix in cave, the cave, in the cave, water permeable the pot planting of castor-oil plant seedling; Plantation oil plants Cyperus esculentus on the ridge between the castor-oil plant strain, precocious spring soybean is interplanted in the drain ditch that in the ranks comprises castor-oil plant, but in time pluck when the beanpod dish time spent in spring, imbed and make green manure in the drain ditch plucking beans seedling after the beanpod, sowing summer beans then loosen the soil, but the beanpod dish time spent in summer plucks and sells, and the stem seedling is made green manure; Spray seed dressing with ammonium molybdate solution during soybean planting, the consumption of ammonium molybdate is 2% of a soya seeds dry weight; Cyperus esculentus results back stem seedling is also made green manure; Plant winter hard vegetable radish, broad bean, Chinese cabbage after the autumn harvest, oil plants henbane etc. wholely; On the position in drain ditch in this year, replace cultivating castor-oil plant successively spring next year; The fertile drought-enduring plants of happiness such as high ridge cultivation castor-oil plant, Cyperus esculentus, henbane, reach the soybean of the fertile happiness of ditch system plantation happiness water in the ranks, employ one's time to the best advantage and the space, can produce huge economy and ecological benefits, Cyperus esculentus, henbane, dish can improve a year per mu yield benefit greatly with the sale of beanpod, radish, broad bean, Chinese cabbage; Not only increase the ability of plant absorbing nutrient after AM bacterium and the plant roots symbiosis; Multiple green manure is decomposed to form humus and various nutrient elements supply balanced nutrients at the ground bottom fermentation, improves the resistance against diseases of plant, enriches soil microbial community, reduces pathogenic bacteria;
(8) promote to bear fruit: except when the castor-oil plant first main fringe is remedied in soil outside nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer when beginning to budding, also to when being about to enter full-bloom stage, select fine day to spray 0.1-0.2% boric acid, manganese sulphate, solution of zinc sulfate, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-3 time altogether, improve the anti-anti-sick ability of plant and promote pollen development and pollination.
The present invention compared with the prior art, its significance progress is:
Conventional method plantation castor-oil plant generally should be carried out the above crop rotation of 4-5, otherwise vine growth and development is bad, and damage by disease and insect takes place serious, blighted grain is many, and the underproduction is serious, but also needs to use a large amount of pest control with insecticide bactericide to soil disinfection, not only increase and drop into, and environment is worked the mischief.On the other hand, China per capita cultivated land and limited if carry out the above crop rotation of 4-5, restricts the development of China's castor-oil plant industry greatly.The present invention utilizes ecological cultivation technology such as prescription fertile feeding block seedlings raising, complex ecological plantation, compound green manure, improvement matrix to reach balanced soil nutrient, balance edaphon, improves the premunition, minimizing damage by disease and insect of plant etc., having overcome cultivating castor-oil plant can not continuous cropping and meet the deficiency of stubble, need not carry out the above crop rotation of 4-5, can plant every year, improve average annual output greatly, the development of cultivating castor-oil plant industry, the economic benefit that improves castor-oil plant processing enterprise and plantation peasant household all are significant.
Four, embodiment
(1) seed selection and seed soaking: select at the beginning of 4 months after the fine sunrise castor-oil plant seed to be spread out into individual layer airing in the sun, regain before the sunset, continue 2-3 days, often stir in the airing process, reject damaged, damaged by vermin seed; The castor-oil plant seed elder generation selection by winnowing that airing is good is removed most of flat grain for 2 times, seed after the choosing put into after weighing left standstill 3 hours after clear water stirs, whenever stir once in half an hour, pull floating seed at last out, to sink to water-bed full seed and put into plastic containers, add 45 ℃ water seed soaking 15-20 hour, transferred a water temperature every 3 hours and stir, with the regularity that improves germination rate and sprout;
(2) disinfecting of seed: soaked seed in (1) pulled out put into sieve basket control water 30 minutes, then with 50% carbendazol wettable powder seed dressing (the pulvis consumption is 5 ‰ of a seed dry weight, dresses seed and makes every effort to even), dry;
(3) nutritive cube is produced: with AM bacterial manure, zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N: P: K=16: 16: 16) fertilizer according to 1: 2: 2: it is fertile to be mixed into prescription at 30: 1000, will fill a prescription more fertile and soil press 1: 50 mixing nutritive cube matrix; With the machine for making pots system alms bowl of nutritive cube matrix with bore 8cm, dark 12cm;
(4) vernalization and last alms bowl: the seed that (2) are handled well the cloth bag of packing into is placed in the haystack, remains under 25 ℃ the condition to carry out vernalization, stirs once in every 6-8 hour, and the kind skin of finding seed begins to split to bring to light and just can begin to go up alms bowl when white and sow; Every alms bowl is 1 during sowing, nutritive cube is placed on the greenhouse or big plastic greenhouse contains in the fertile nutritive cube of prescription; After growing 2 true leaves, the seedling in the nutritive cube just can be transplanted to big Tanaka; Fill a prescription to contain in the fertile nutritive cube and enrich phosphorus, calcium, potassium for the castor-oil plant growth of seedlings provides superior microhabitat, promote its robust growth, resistance against diseases improves, and the generation that alleviates damage by disease and insect such as bacterial wilt also can suitably be done sth. in advance between the cultivation time;
(5) keep soil to be alkalescent: cultivating castor-oil plant ground will keep soil to be alkalescent, when P in soil h value is lower than 7, applies alkaline matter such as lime and makes P in soil h value be alkalescent greater than 7, prevents from easily to cause when soil from being acidity the generation of diseases such as castor-oil plant bacterial wilt;
(6) handle in the land for growing field crops: early or mid April, every mu apply 2000 kilograms of fertilizers, urea 10kg, diammonium phosphate 10kg deep plough immediately, smooth, build the high ridge of the wide 20cm of 80cm then, the drain ditch of excavating out the dark 30-35cm of wide 30cm between the ridge;
(7) composite plant: in 80cm makes a call to the cave, cave of a dark 20cm, spread one deck AM bacterial manure matrix in ridge central authorities during cultivating castor-oil plant, the pot planting of castor-oil plant seedling is watered in the cave permeable, but to note making the seedling base portion a little more than around; Planting oil plants Cyperus esculentus 1-2 cave on the ridge between the castor-oil plant strain, sow precocious spring soybean 2 row in the both sides, drain ditch in the ranks of castor-oil plant, when but the beanpod dish time spent in time plucks and the beans seedling pulled up and imbeds the bottom, drain ditch and make green manure, sowing summer beans then loosen the soil, but the beanpod dish time spent in summer plucks and sells, the stem seedling is made green manure, all sprays seed dressing with ammonium molybdate solution when spring, summer soybean sowing, and the consumption of ammonium molybdate is 2% of a soya seeds dry weight; Cyperus esculentus results back stem seedling is also made green manure; Winter hard vegetable radish, broad bean, Chinese cabbage etc. are planted in fertilising, whole ground after the autumn harvest, and the broad bean seedling is made green manure, and the radish results are afterwards planted the oil plants henbane; On the position in drain ditch in this year, replace cultivating castor-oil plant successively spring next year; The fertile drought-enduring plants of happiness such as high ridge cultivation castor-oil plant, Cyperus esculentus, henbane, the soybean of the fertile happiness of the other plantation happiness in drain ditch in the ranks water, employ one's time to the best advantage and the space, can produce huge economy and ecological benefits, Cyperus esculentus, henbane, dish can improve a year per mu yield benefit greatly with sale such as beanpod, radish, broad bean, Chinese cabbages; Not only increase the ability of plant absorbing nutrient after AM bacterium and the plant roots symbiosis; Multiple green manure is decomposed to form humus and various nutrient elements supply balanced nutrients at the ground bottom fermentation, improves the resistance against diseases of plant, enriches soil microbial community, reduces pathogenic bacteria;
(8) promote to bear fruit: except when the castor-oil plant first main fringe is remedied in soil outside nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer when beginning to budding, also to when being about to enter full-bloom stage, select fine day to spray 0.1-0.2% boric acid, manganese sulphate, solution of zinc sulfate, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-3 time altogether, improve the anti-anti-sick ability of plant and promote pollen development and pollination.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of method for cultivating castor-oil plant is characterized in that being made up of following steps:
(1) seed selection and seed soaking: select place fine, that ventilation condition is good that high-quality hybrid castor-oil plant seed was spread out into individual layer airing 2-3 days in the sun before the sowing, and often stir, reject damaged, damaged by vermin seed; The castor-oil plant seed elder generation selection by winnowing that airing is good is removed most of flat grain for 2 times, seed after the choosing put into after weighing left standstill 3 hours after clear water stirs, whenever stir once in half an hour, pull floating seed at last out, to sink to water-bed full seed and put into plastic containers, add 45 ℃ water seed soaking 15-20 hour, transferred a water temperature every 3 hours and stir;
(2) disinfecting of seed: soaked seed in (1) pulled out put into sieve basket control water 30 minutes, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder seed dressing, the pulvis consumption is 5 ‰ of a seed dry weight then, and seed dressing is even, dry;
(3) nutritive cube is produced: with AM bacterial manure, zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N: P: K=16: 16: 16) fertilizer according to 1: 2: 2: it is fertile to be mixed into prescription at 30: 1000, will fill a prescription more fertile and soil press 1: 50 mixing nutritive cube matrix; With the machine for making pots system alms bowl of nutritive cube matrix with bore 8cm, dark 12cm;
(4) vernalization and last alms bowl: the seed that (2) are handled well is placed on vernalization under 25 ℃ the temperature, stirred once in per 6 hours, treating that most of seed is sprouted or had seed kind skin to begin to split to bring to light is seeded in the greenhouse with it when white or big plastic greenhouse contains in the fertile nutritive cube of prescription, 1 in every alms bowl; After growing 2 true leaves, the seedling in the nutritive cube is transplanted to big Tanaka;
(5) keep soil to be alkalescent: cultivating castor-oil plant ground will keep soil to be alkalescent, when P in soil h value is lower than 7, applies alkaline matter lime and makes P in soil h value be alkalescent greater than 7;
(6) handle in the land for growing field crops: every mu apply 2000 kilograms of fertilizers, urea 10kg, diammonium phosphate 10kg deep plough immediately, smooth, build the high ridge of the wide 20cm of 80cm then, the drain ditch of excavating out the dark 30-35cm of wide 30cm between the ridge;
(7) composite plant: beat in ridge central authorities during cultivating castor-oil plant and spread one deck AM bacterial manure matrix in cave, the cave, in the cave, water permeable the pot planting of castor-oil plant seedling; Plantation oil plants Cyperus esculentus on the ridge between the castor-oil plant strain, precocious spring soybean is interplanted in the drain ditch that in the ranks comprises castor-oil plant, but in time pluck when the beanpod dish time spent in spring, imbed and be used as green manure in the drain ditch plucking beans seedling after the beanpod, sowing summer beans then loosen the soil, but the beanpod dish time spent in summer plucks and sells, and the stem seedling is made green manure; Spray seed dressing with ammonium molybdate solution during soybean planting, the consumption of ammonium molybdate is 2% of a soya seeds dry weight; Cyperus esculentus results back stem seedling is also made green manure; Plant winter hard vegetable radish, broad bean, Chinese cabbage after the autumn harvest, the oil plants henbane wholely; On the position in drain ditch in this year, replace cultivating castor-oil plant successively spring next year; (8) promote to bear fruit: except when the castor-oil plant first main fringe is remedied in soil outside nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer when beginning to budding, also to when being about to enter full-bloom stage, select fine day to spray 0.1-0.2% boric acid, manganese sulphate, solution of zinc sulfate, every spray in 7-10 days once, spray 2-3 time altogether, improve the anti-anti-sick ability of plant and promote pollen development and pollination.
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| CN101971725A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-02-16 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for improving fruit-bearing rate of castor-oil plants |
| CN102523887A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-07-04 | 永州职业技术学院 | Castor oil plant and polygonatum odoratum interplanting technique |
| CN102860195A (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-09 | 李晓莉 | Whole plastic-film mulching planting technique for castor-oil plant |
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| CN102860195A (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-09 | 李晓莉 | Whole plastic-film mulching planting technique for castor-oil plant |
| CN102523887A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-07-04 | 永州职业技术学院 | Castor oil plant and polygonatum odoratum interplanting technique |
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| CN104521366A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 东北林业大学 | Method for rapid germination of castor bean seeds |
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| CN107493882A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-22 | 长葛市联发粮食专业合作社 | Castor-oil plant method for culturing seedlings |
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