CN106576674A

CN106576674A - Efficient sesame planting method

Info

Publication number: CN106576674A
Application number: CN201510663751.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁春英
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-10-15
Filing date: 2015-10-15
Publication date: 2017-04-26

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient sesame planting method. According to the efficient sesame planting method, through ecological engineering design, a formulated fertilizer nutrition bowl, and a compound planting and green manure technology, the purposes of balancing soil nutrient and soil microorganisms, improving plant disease resistance, decreasing germs and the like are achieved; the defect that sesame cannot be planted in continuous cropping and alternate cropping modes and needs to be subjected to crop rotation for 4-5 years or longer is overcome; and the efficient sesame planting method has great significances to developing the sesame planting industry in China and increasing the economic benefits for sesame processing enterprises and sesame planting farmers.

Description

A kind of efficient implantation methods of Semen Sesami

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, more particularly to a kind of efficient implantation methods of Semen Sesami.

Background technology

Semen Sesami（Scientific name：Sesamum indicum）Pedaliaceae, is the seed kind of linum.Although its close relative remains unknown in Africa appearance, the natural origin of kind.Torrid areas on its throughout world.Semen Sesami is the outstanding person of the big edible oil materials crop of China four, is one of main oil crop of China.Sesame seed products have higher using value.Its seed oil content is up to 61%.Just there be the special food and delicious food of many use Semen Sesamis and Oleum sesami making in China from ancient times, is world-famous for always.

Semen Sesami contains substantial amounts of fat and protein, the also nutritional labeling such as saccharide, vitamin a, vitamin e, lecithin, calcium, ferrum, magnesium；Linoleic acid in Semen Sesami plays the role of cholesterol regulating.

The content of the invention

The problem to be solved in the present invention：Semen Sesami continuous cropping, meet the stubble pest and disease damage that causes of plantation and occur serious, vine growth and development is bad, and blighted grain is more, the problems such as the underproduction is serious, therefore, Semen Sesami will increase production the continuous cropping of being badly in need of solving Semen Sesami plantation and meet a batch problem.

Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows：

L () is chosen seeds and is soaked seed：Select that high-quality hybrid sesame seed is spread out into into monolayer dry in the sun 2-3 days in the sun where fine, ventilation condition is good before sowing, and Jing is often stirred, and rejects damaged, damaged by vermin seed；The good sesame seed elder generation selecting crude drugs with winnower of dry in the sun is removed into most of flat grain 2 times, it is put into after seed after choosing is weighed in clear water and stands 1 hour after stirring, it is every to stir in half an hour once, finally pull the seed of floating out, the full seed for sinking to the bottom is put in plastic containers, 30 DEG C of water seed soaking 12-18 hours are added, a water temperature was adjusted every 3 hours and is stirred；

(2) seed is disinfected：Soaked seed in (1) is pulled out and is put into sieve basket control water 30 minutes, then dressed seed with 50% carbendazol wettable powder（Powder consumption is the 5 ‰ of dry seed weight, and seed dressing is uniform）, dry；

(3) nutritive cube is produced：By AM bacterial manure, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and NPK (N: P:K=16:16:16) fertilizer is according to 1:2:4:30:1000 are mixed into formula fertilizer, then formula fertilizer is pressed into 1 with soil:30 mix nutritive cube substrate；By nutritive cube substrate bore 8cm, the earthen pot maker alms bowl of depth 12cm；

(4) accelerating germination and upper alms bowl：(2) seed handled well is placed on accelerating germination at a temperature of 25 DEG C, stirs once per 6 hours, whne most of Seed sprouting or has that seed kind skin is seeded in greenhouse when starting to split and bringing to light white or big plastic greenhouse is contained within the nutritive cube of formula fertilizer, per 1, alms bowl；Big Tanaka can be transplanted to after the seedling in nutritive cube grows 2 true leaves；Superior microhabitat is provided for the growth of Characteristics of Sesame containing abundant phosphorus, calcium, potassium in formula fertilizer nutritive cube, promotes its robust growth, resistances against diseases to improve, mitigate the generation of the pest and disease damages such as bacterial wilt, can also suitably be done sth. in advance between planting time：

(5) soil is kept to be in alkalescence：Semen Sesami planting site will keep soil in alkalescence, and when P in soil h value is less than 7, applying alkaline matter such as Calx makes P in soil h value more than 7 in alkalescence, prevents soil in the generation for easily causing the diseases such as sesame. bacterial wilt during acidity；

(6) land for growing field crops is processed：Per mu apply 2000 kilograms of fertilizer, carbamide l0kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) l0kg deep plough immediately, it is smooth, then build the high ridges of 30cm width 10cm, the gutter of wide 30cm depths 30-35cm is excavated out between ridge；

(7) composite plant：One layer of AM bacterial manure substrate is spread in cave, cave are beaten by ridge central authorities when Semen Sesami is planted, by Semen Sesami Seedling pot planting in cave, pours permeable；Oilseed plant Cyperus esculentus are planted on ridge between Semen Sesami strain, in the ranks include that precocious early soybean is interplanted in gutter in Semen Sesami, when spring soybean pod can be plucked in time the dish used time, make green manure by plucking in the bean seedling embedment gutter after soybean pod, then loosen the soil sowing summer bean, summer soybean pod can pluck sale the dish used time, and an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books seedling makees green manure；Dressed seed with ammonium molybdate solution sprinkling during soybean planting, the consumption of ammonium molybdate is the 2% of soybean seed dry weight；Stem seedling also makees green manure after Cyperus esculentus are harvested；The site preparation plantation little trailing plants f of winter hard vegetable after autumn harvest, Semen Viciae fabae, Chinese cabbage, oilseed plant hyoscyami etc.；Spring next year is planted in Semen Sesami on the position in gutter in this year, replaces successively；The resistance to early plant of happiness fertilizer such as high ridge cultivation Semen Sesami, Cyperus esculentus, hyoscyami, in the ranks and ditch system plantation happiness fertilizer happiness water Semen sojae atricolor, employ one's time to the best advantage and space, huge economy and ecological benefits can be produced, Cyperus esculentus, henbane, Common beans pod, Radix Raphani, Semen Viciae fabae, the sale of Chinese cabbage can greatly improve a year per mu yield benefit；Not only increase the ability of plant absorption nutrient after the bacterium of A VI and plant roots symbiosis；Various green manure are decomposed to form humus and various nutrient elements supply balanced nutrients in ground bottom fermentation, improve the resistances against diseases of plant, enrich soil microbial community, reduce pathogenic bacterium：

(8) promote to bear fruit：Except when the main fringe of Semen Sesami first is remedied outside nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer when starting to budding in soil, also fine day is selected to spray 0. 1-0.2% boric acid, manganese sulfate, solution of zinc sulfate when full-bloom stage will be entered, every spray in 5-8 days once, spray 2-3 time altogether, improve plant and resist resistance to condition of disease power and promote pollen development and pollination.Compared with the prior art, its significance progress is the present invention：

Traditional method plantation Semen Sesami should typically carry out more than 4-5 crop rotations, and otherwise vine growth and development is bad, and pest and disease damage occurs serious, blighted grain is more, and the underproduction is serious, and also needs to use substantial amounts of pest control with insecticide antibacterial to soil disinfection, not only increase puts into, and environment is worked the mischief.On the other hand, China per capita cultivated land and its limited, if carrying out more than 4-5 crop rotations, restricts the development of China's Semen Sesami industry significantly.The present invention utilizes the ecological cultivation technologies such as formula fertilizer feeding block seedlings raising, complex ecological plantation, compound green manure, improvement substrate to reach balanced soil nutrient, balanced soil microorganism, the premunition for improving plant, reduction pest and disease damage etc., overcome Semen Sesami plantation to be unable to continuous cropping and meet the deficiency of stubble, it is not required to carry out more than 4-5 crop rotations, can plant every year, average annual yield is greatly improved, the economic benefit of development, raising Semen Sesami processing enterprise and plantation peasant household to Semen Sesami planting industry is all significant.

Specific embodiment

L () is chosen seeds and is soaked seed：Select that sesame seed is spread out into into monolayer dry in the sun in the sun after fine day sunrise at the beginning of 4 months, withdraw before sunset, continue 2-3 days, often stir during dry in the sun, reject damaged, damaged by vermin seed；The good sesame seed elder generation selecting crude drugs with winnower of dry in the sun is removed into most of flat grain 2 times, it is put into after seed after choosing is weighed in clear water and stands 1 hour after stirring, it is every to stir in half an hour once, finally pull the seed of floating out, the full seed for sinking to the bottom is put in plastic containers, 30 DEG C of water seed soaking 12-18 hours are added, a water temperature was adjusted every 3 hours and is stirred, with the regularity for improving germination percentage He sprout；

(2) seed is disinfected：Soaked seed in (1) is pulled out and is put into sieve basket control water 30 minutes, then dressed seed with 50% carbendazol wettable powder（Powder consumption is the 5%0 of dry seed weight, and seed dressing makes every effort to uniform）, dry；

(3) nutritive cube is produced：By AM bacterial manure, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and NPK (N: P:K=16:J6:16) fertilizer is according to 1:2:2：30:1000 are mixed into formula fertilizer, then formula fertilizer is pressed into 1 with soil：50 mix nutritive cube substrate；By nutritive cube substrate bore 8cm, the earthen pot maker alms bowl of depth 12cm；

(4) accelerating germination and upper alms bowl：(2) seed handled well loads cloth bag and is placed in haystack, and accelerating germination is carried out under conditions of being maintained at 25 DEG C, stirs once per 6-8 hours, it is found that the kind skin of seed starts splitting upper alms bowl sowing of just can start when bringing to light white；Per 1, alms bowl during sowing, nutritive cube is placed on into greenhouse or big plastic greenhouse is contained within the nutritive cube of formula fertilizer,；Big Tanaka can be transplanted to after the seedling in nutritive cube grows 2 true leaves；Superior microhabitat is provided for the growth of Characteristics of Sesame containing abundant phosphorus, calcium, potassium in formula fertilizer nutritive cube, promotes its robust growth, resistances against diseases to improve, mitigate the generation of the pest and disease damages such as bacterial wilt, can also suitably be done sth. in advance between planting time；

(5) soil is kept to be in alkalescence：Semen Sesami planting site will keep soil in alkalescence, when P in soil h value is less than 7, applies alkaline matter such as Calx and cause P in soil h value more than 7 in alkalescence, prevent soil in the generation for easily causing the diseases such as sesame. bacterial wilt during acidity；

(6) land for growing field crops is processed：Early or mid April, per mu apply 2000 kilograms of fertilizer, carbamide 10kg Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg deep plough immediately, it is smooth, then build the high ridges of 30cm width 10cm, the gutter of wide 30cm depths 30-35cm is excavated out between ridge；

(7) composite plant：One layer of AM bacterial manure substrate is removed in cave, the cave that 80cm makes a call to a deep 20cm in ridge central authorities when Semen Sesami is planted, Semen Sesami Seedling pot planting is poured into permeable in cave, it should be noted that making Seedling base portion be slightly above surrounding；Oilseed plant Cyperus esculentus 1-2 caves are planted between Semen Sesami strain on ridge, in the precocious row of early soybean 2 of the both sides of gutter in the ranks sowing of Semen Sesami, make green manure when soybean pod can in time be plucked and bean seedling is pulled up into embedment gutter bottom the dish used time, then loosen the soil sowing summer bean, summer soybean pod can pluck sale the dish used time, stem seedling makees green manure, is all dressed seed with ammonium molybdate solution sprinkling when spring, summer soybean are sowed, and the consumption of ammonium molybdate is the 2% of soybean seed dry weight；Stem seedling also makees green manure after Cyperus esculentus are harvested；Fertilising, site preparation plantation winter hard vegetable Radix Raphani, Semen Viciae fabae, Chinese cabbage etc. after autumn harvest, Semen Viciae fabae seedling makees green manure, and after little trailing plants l, results oilseed plant hyoscyami is planted；Spring next year is planted in Semen Sesami on the position in gutter in this year, replaces successively；The resistance to early plant of happiness fertilizer such as high ridge cultivation Semen Sesami, Cyperus esculentus, hyoscyami, the Semen sojae atricolor of the fertilizer happiness water of gutter side plantation happiness in the ranks, employ one's time to the best advantage and space, the sale such as huge economy and ecological benefits, Cyperus esculentus, henbane, Common beans pod, Radix Raphani, Semen Viciae fabae, Chinese cabbage can be produced can greatly improve a year per mu yield benefit；Not only increase the ability of plant absorption nutrient after AM bacterium and plant roots symbiosis；Various green manure are on ground

Bottom fermentation is decomposed to form humus and various nutrient elements supply balanced nutrients, improves the resistances against diseases of plant, enriches soil microbial community, reduces pathogenic bacterium；

(8) promote to bear fruit：Except when the main fringe of Semen Sesami first is remedied outside nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer when starting to budding in soil, also fine day is selected to spray 0.1-0. 2% boric acid, manganese sulfate, solution of zinc sulfate when full-bloom stage will be entered, every spray in 5-8 days once, spray 2-3 time altogether, improve plant and resist resistance to condition of disease power and promote pollen development and pollination.

Claims

1. a kind of efficient implantation methods of Semen Sesami, is characterized in that comprising the steps of：

(1) choose seeds and soak seed：Select that high-quality hybrid sesame seed is spread out into into monolayer dry in the sun 2-3 days in the sun where fine, ventilation condition is good before sowing, and Jing is often stirred, and rejects damaged, damaged by vermin seed；The good sesame seed elder generation selecting crude drugs with winnower of dry in the sun is removed into most of flat grain 2 times, it is put into after seed after choosing is weighed in clear water and stands 1 hour after stirring, it is every to stir in half an hour once, finally pull the seed of floating out, the full seed for sinking to the bottom is put in plastic containers, 30 DEG C of water seed soaking 12-18 hours are added, a water temperature was adjusted every 3 hours and is stirred；

(2) seed is disinfected：Soaked seed in (l) is pulled out and is put into sieve basket control water 30 minutes, then dressed seed with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, powder consumption is the 3 ‰ of dry seed weight, seed dressing is uniform, dry；

(3) nutritive cube is produced：By AM bacterial manure, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and NPK (N: P:K- 16:16:16) fertilizer is according to 1:2:4:30:1000 are mixed into formula fertilizer, then formula fertilizer is pressed into 1 with soil:30 mix nutritive cube substrate；By nutritive cube substrate bore 8cm, the earthen pot maker alms bowl of depth 12cm；

(4) accelerating germination and upper alms bowl：(2) seed handled well is placed on accelerating germination at a temperature of 25 DEG C, stirs once per 6 hours, whne most of Seed sprouting or has that seed kind skin is seeded in greenhouse when starting to split and bringing to light white or big plastic greenhouse is contained within the nutritive cube of formula fertilizer, per 1, alms bowl；Big Tanaka is transplanted to after the seedling in nutritive cube grows 2 true leaves；

(5) soil is kept to be in alkalescence：Semen Sesami planting site will keep soil in alkalescence, and when P in soil h value is less than 7, applying alkaline matter Calx makes P in soil h value more than 7 in alkalescence；

(7) composite plant：One layer of AM bacterial manure substrate is spread in cave, cave are beaten by ridge central authorities when Semen Sesami is planted, by Semen Sesami Seedling pot planting in cave, pours permeable；Oilseed plant Cyperus esculentus are planted on ridge between Semen Sesami strain, in the ranks include that precocious early soybean is interplanted in gutter in Semen Sesami, when spring soybean pod can be plucked in time the dish used time, to pluck in the bean seedling embedment gutter after soybean pod as green manure, then loosen the soil sowing summer bean, summer soybean pod can pluck sale the dish used time, and stem order makees green manure；Dressed seed with ammonium molybdate solution sprinkling during soybean planting, the consumption of ammonium molybdate is the 2% of soybean seed dry weight：Stem seedling also makees green manure after Cyperus esculentus are harvested；After autumn harvest site preparation plantation winter hard vegetable Radix Raphani, Semen Viciae fabae,

Chinese cabbage, oilseed plant hyoscyami；Spring next year is planted in Semen Sesami on the position in gutter in this year, replaces successively；

(8) promote to bear fruit：Except when the main fringe of Semen Sesami first is remedied outside nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer when starting to budding in soil, also fine day is selected to spray 0.1-0.2% boric acid, manganese sulfate, solution of zinc sulfate when full-bloom stage will be entered, every spray in 5-8 days once, spray 2-3 time altogether, improve plant and resist resistance to condition of disease power and promote pollen development and pollination.