CN110089355A - A kind of sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding - Google Patents
A kind of sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN110089355A CN110089355A CN201910346082.8A CN201910346082A CN110089355A CN 110089355 A CN110089355 A CN 110089355A CN 201910346082 A CN201910346082 A CN 201910346082A CN 110089355 A CN110089355 A CN 110089355A
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- sesame
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sesame mitigation high quality types of seeding.It is whole to include the following steps: that (1) is ploughed: after preceding crop harvest, field being ploughed whole；(2) ditching, ridging: ditching, ridging is carried out to field after ploughing whole processing, ditch is inverted trapezoidal, and ditch top width 30-40cm, ditch bottom width 18-22cm, ditch vertical depth is 18-22cm；The ridge compartment face of ridging is in " curvature of the spinal column type ", the wide 170-180cm in compartment face on ridge；(3) it applies fertilizer to the subsoil；(4) earthing: the bunch planting on the ridge face on every ridge, hill spacing 12-20cm, line-spacing 30-36cm, earthing is sowed.This method can realize that sesame is precisely sowed, and improve sowing, emergence quality, reduce thinning and final singling is manually put into, and effective prevention and control sesame growth period waterlogging evil improves Sesame Seed Yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sesame mitigation high quality types of seeding, belong to production technology of crops field.
Background technique
Sesame (Sesamum indicumL.) belong to Pedaliaceae, herbaceous plant is cultivated and utilized extensively in world wide
High-quality oil plant and specialty economies crop.Sesame is long in China's cultivation history, is up to more than 2100 years, is rich in unsaturated fat
The trophic functions substance such as acid, vitamin E, sterol, sesamin has the multiple uses such as edible, health care, medicine, especially small mill
Sesame oil, sesame paste are liked by China consumer deeply.In suitable region and Soil development sesame industry, with wide economy and
Social prospect.Yearning with the people to high-quality life, demand is continuously increased China's sesame in recent years, it has also become the whole world first
Country of consumption and importer, but domestic sesame production supply is less than 60%, improves sesame per unit area yield and aggregate supply is urgently to be resolved
Task.
China's Yangze river and Huai river sesame main producing region summer sowing generally in late May to early June, is in plum rain season, rainwater is more, sesame
Site preparation sowing is extensive in Taro Aso's production, mostly broadcasts sowing, and seeding quality is poor, and emergence is uneven, cause big seedling, pimple seedling, be short of seedling it is disconnected
The problems such as ridge, not only thinning final singling investment is artificial more, increases production cost, is less useful for high yield.In addition, sesame breeding time is shorter
(90 days or so), and in (June to August) under summer high temperature high humidity weather condition, traditional planting patterns drainage of soil is unsmooth, warp
It is often threatened by waterlogging evil, aggravates disease, cause Severe Reduction, one removes underproduction 15-30%, and the climatic extreme year underproduction reaches 60-80%, portion
Point field can cause to have no harvest, and also will cause the reduction of sesame quality, and oil content reduces 4-10%, and commodity is deteriorated, and therefore, be badly in need of research
A kind of site preparation seeding method is provided, mitigation effect of increasing production is reached.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of sesame mitigation high quality types of seeding, realize
Sesame is precisely sowed, and is improved sowing, emergence quality, is reduced thinning and final singling is manually put into, effective prevention and control sesame growth period stain
Damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging improves Sesame Seed Yield.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by following scheme.
A kind of sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding comprising following step:
(1) it ploughs whole: after preceding crop harvest, field being ploughed whole；
(2) ditching, ridging: ditching, ridging is carried out to field after ploughing whole processing, ditch is inverted trapezoidal, ditch top width 30-40cm, ditch bottom width
18-22cm, ditch vertical depth are 18-22cm；The ridge compartment face of ridging is in " curvature of the spinal column type ", the wide 170-180cm in compartment face on ridge；
(3) it applies fertilizer to the subsoil；
(4) earthing: the bunch planting on the ridge face on every ridge, hill spacing 12-20cm, line-spacing 30-36cm, earthing is sowed.
According to the above scheme, the step (1) is ploughed in whole: depth of plowing 16cm to 20cm, and leveling is whole thin, and soil particle is straight
Diameter is crushed to less than 0.5cm.
It according to the above scheme, is in arc between highest, with left and right sides compartment side among the compartment face after the step (2) ridging
Line style, the angle (i.e. the angle of osculation of circle where camber line) between the tangent line of camber line endpoint and the line of camber line both ends endpoint is 10-
15°。
According to the above scheme, in the step (3): application 15-15-15 N P and K ternary compound fertilizer, dose are every public affairs
Hectare 300kg to 450kg, is uniformly manured into soil.
According to the above scheme, step (3) fertilization depth is away from earth's surface 4-5cm；Step (4) depth of planting is 1.5-2.0cm.It applies
Fertile depth is greater than depth of planting, can avoid the adverse effect that fertilizer sprouts seed.
According to the above scheme, the application rate of the step (4) sowing is per hectare 3.0-4.5kg, every bunch planting kind 5-6.
According to the above scheme, above-mentioned sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding further includes weeding before bud: after sowing earthing uniformly
Spray preemergence herbicide.Such as " Jin Douer " herbicide produced using Syngenta Co., Ltd.
According to the above scheme, the herbicide spray amount is per hectare 1050ml the amount of the stock solution.
Sesame is shallow root system crop, and the native power in germination top is weaker, and especially sesame is very sensitive to moisture, the time of infertility
Rainwater more be subject to waterlogging evil and lead to Severe Reduction, at present sesame main product there are site preparation sowing it is extensive, be unfavorable for high yield, mostly
To broadcast sowing, sowing quantity is big and is unfavorable for the management of growth period, and emergence is uneven, the thinning amount of labour used is big, especially more in rainwater
Time, Yi Fasheng waterlogging evil the problems such as leading to Severe Reduction, being not suitable for mechanized operation.We test by many years,
Have studied wide different compartments, plane-concave surface-turtleback shape compartment face, the different shape of compartment ditch, zanjon-shallow ridges, multiple combinations such as do not ditch
In experimental basis, in conjunction with the design (first ploughing whole, ditching, ridging, ferti-seeding) of whole type of seeding, ridging compartment in ridging is investigated
Face compartment is wide, compartment face shape and structure, trench digging size (the narrow compartment of zanjon), different seeding quantity, Different sowing ways, different depths of planting,
The parameters such as different thickness of earth-fill cover are finally obtained sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding of the invention, especially suitable for Yangze river and Huai river stream
Domain sesame main producing region.The result shows that sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding of the present invention can fundamentally solve the problems, such as accumulated water, protecting
Demonstrate,prove out full stand, emergence it is uniformly neat on the basis of, reach precisely sowing effect, not only contribute to nurturing staff, mitigation volume increase, mitigation
Rate of growth reaches 10-30%, and is conducive to cultivating sesame seeds with high yield stable yields, and per mu yield is up to 150 kilograms or more, and can reduce seedling per acre
Period management recruitment puts into 150-200 member, significantly reduces production cost, and the land utilization ratio of the mating ratio of compartment ditch is reasonable, to promote
Key technology support is provided into the production cropping pattern transformation of China's sesame, also provides the agriculture of science for promotion sesame Mechanization sowing
Skill parameter.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
Sesame mitigation volume increase and high quality sowing are realized in a kind of sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding, comprising:
(1) plough whole: after preceding crop harvest, the present invention ploughs whole, depth of plowing 16cm to 20cm to field, flattens whole thin, powder
Broken diameter of soil pellet is less than 0.5cm；
(2) trench digging, ridging: ditching to field, and the soil for ditching out is uniformly spread on ridge (compartment) face, and ditch is inverted trapezoidal, ditch top width
30-40cm, ditch bottom width 18-22cm, ditch vertical depth are 18-22cm；The wide 170-180cm in compartment face, compartment face are in " curvature of the spinal column type ", i.e. compartment
In arc line type between highest, with left and right sides compartment side among face, between the tangent line of camber line endpoint and the line of camber line both ends endpoint
Angle (angle of osculation of circle i.e. where camber line) be 10-15 °；
(3) apply fertilizer: application 15-15-15 N P and K ternary compound fertilizer, dose are per hectare 300kg to 450kg, are uniformly applied
Soil, fertilization depth are away from earth's surface 4-5cm；
(4) sow earthing: application rate be per hectare 3.0-4.5kg, bunch planting, every bunch planting kind 5-6, hill spacing 12-20cm, line-spacing
30-36cm, depth of planting 1.5-2.0cm；
(5) weeding: uniformly spraying preemergence herbicide after sowing earthing, " Jin Douer " weeding produced using Syngenta Co., Ltd
Agent, herbicide spray amount are per hectare 1050ml(the amount of the stock solution).
The method of the present invention per hectare number of emerging more artificial drilling and broadcasts sowing seedling respectively between 350000 plants to 450000 plants
Number low 70% or so and 20% or so, in Seedling Stage thinning and final singling, per hectare reduces the amount of labour used 15, reduces production cost
1200 yuan；It is growth of seedling neat and consistent, healthy and strong；200000 plants of per hectare final singling, per hectare harvests grain yield 1387.5kg.
Embodiment 2:
Sesame mitigation volume increase and high quality sowing are realized in a kind of sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding, comprising:
(1) plough whole: after preceding crop harvest, the present invention ploughs whole, depth of plowing 16cm to 20cm to field, flattens whole thin, powder
Broken diameter of soil pellet is less than 0.5cm；
(2) trench digging, ridging: ditching to field, and the soil for ditching out is uniformly spread on ridge (compartment) face, and ditch is inverted trapezoidal, ditch top width
30-40cm, ditch bottom width 18-22cm, ditch vertical depth are 18-22cm；The wide 170-180cm in compartment face, compartment face are in " curvature of the spinal column type ", i.e. compartment
In arc line type between highest, with left and right sides compartment side among face, between the tangent line of camber line endpoint and the line of camber line both ends endpoint
Angle (angle of osculation of circle i.e. where camber line) be 10-15 °；
(3) apply fertilizer: application 15-15-15 N P and K ternary compound fertilizer, dose are per hectare 300kg to 450kg, are uniformly applied
Soil, fertilization depth are away from earth's surface 4-5cm；
(4) sow earthing: application rate be per hectare 3.0-4.5kg, bunch planting, every bunch planting kind 5-6, hill spacing 12-20cm, line-spacing
30-36cm, depth of planting 1.5-2.0cm；
(5) weeding: uniformly spraying preemergence herbicide after sowing earthing, " Jin Douer " weeding produced using Syngenta Co., Ltd
Agent, herbicide spray amount are per hectare 1050ml(the amount of the stock solution).
After the technology of the present invention, per hectare seedling number between 350000 plants to 450000 plants, respectively more artificial drilling and
It broadcasts sowing seedling number and wants low 70% or so and 20% or so, be conducive to later period thinning final singling, neat and consistent of emerging, line-spacing 26cm to 28cm；6
Encounter continuous wet weather month, field draining is unobstructed, and compartment face not accumulated water does not impact growth of seedling, later period per hectare final singling
225000 plants, harvest grain yield per hectare 1650kg.Than crop field, other commonly broadcast sowing not Furrow sowing mode volume increase 24.6%.
The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention, rather than is limited；Although referring to aforementioned reality
It applies example to be described in detail to by invention, but for those of ordinary skill in the art, it still can be to aforementioned reality
Technical solution documented by example is applied to modify or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And to these modifications
Or replacement, the spirit and scope for claimed technical solution of the invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding, it is characterised in that: include the following steps:
(1) it ploughs whole: after preceding crop harvest, field being ploughed whole；
(2) ditching, ridging: ditching, ridging is carried out to field after ploughing whole processing, ditch is inverted trapezoidal, ditch top width 30-40cm, ditch bottom width
18-22cm, ditch vertical depth are 18-22cm；The ridge compartment face of ridging is in " curvature of the spinal column type ", the wide 170-180cm in compartment face on ridge；
(3) it applies fertilizer to the subsoil；
(4) earthing: the bunch planting on the ridge face on every ridge, hill spacing 12-20cm, line-spacing 30-36cm, earthing is sowed.
2. sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (1) is ploughed whole
In: depth of plowing 16cm to 20cm, leveling is whole thin, and diameter of soil pellet is crushed to less than 0.5cm.
3. sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step (2) ridging
It is in arc line type, the tangent line of camber line endpoint and the company of camber line both ends endpoint between highest, with left and right sides compartment side among compartment face afterwards
10-15 ° of angle between line.
4. sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (3): applying
With 15-15-15 N P and K ternary compound fertilizer, dose is per hectare 300kg to 450kg, is uniformly manured into soil.
5. sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (3) fertilization depth is
Away from earth's surface 4-5cm；Step (4) depth of planting is 1.5-2.0cm.
6. sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (4) sowing
Application rate be per hectare 3.0-4.5kg, every bunch planting kind 5-6.
7. sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: it further includes weeding before bud:
Preemergence herbicide is uniformly sprayed after sowing earthing.
8. sesame mitigation high quality type of seeding according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the herbicide spray amount
For per hectare 1050ml the amount of the stock solution.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111903501A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for constructing sesame recombinant inbred line |
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| CN104472293A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-04-01 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | High-ridge cultivation method of high-yield and high-quality kiwifruit orchard establishment |
| CN105794461A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-27 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Sesame drought resistant and seedling protecting cultivation method |
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| CN106576674A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-26 | 丁春英 | Efficient sesame planting method |
| CN108668792A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-10-19 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of sesame implantation methods improving anti-disaster ability |
| CN109220600A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-18 | 张小红 | A kind of Gansu province open country flax cultivation method |
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2019
- 2019-04-26 CN CN201910346082.8A patent/CN110089355A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103636386A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-19 | 广西壮族自治区水力机械研究所 | Ridging planting method for cassava |
| CN104472293A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-04-01 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | High-ridge cultivation method of high-yield and high-quality kiwifruit orchard establishment |
| CN106576674A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-26 | 丁春英 | Efficient sesame planting method |
| CN105794461A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-27 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Sesame drought resistant and seedling protecting cultivation method |
| CN106576744A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-04-26 | 杨攀 | Wide-narrow-row sesame interplanting method for single-row single-bud saccharum officinarum stalk planting |
| CN108668792A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-10-19 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of sesame implantation methods improving anti-disaster ability |
| CN109220600A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-18 | 张小红 | A kind of Gansu province open country flax cultivation method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111903501A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for constructing sesame recombinant inbred line |
| CN111903501B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2021-08-03 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for constructing sesame recombinant inbred line |
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