CN104737755A - Corn-planting mechanized protective cultivation method suitable for clay hardened soil - Google Patents
Corn-planting mechanized protective cultivation method suitable for clay hardened soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN104737755A CN104737755A CN201510136227.3A CN201510136227A CN104737755A CN 104737755 A CN104737755 A CN 104737755A CN 201510136227 A CN201510136227 A CN 201510136227A CN 104737755 A CN104737755 A CN 104737755A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation and provides a corn-planting mechanized protective cultivation method suitable for clay hardened soil. The corn-planting mechanized protective cultivation method suitable for the clay hardened soil comprises the following steps: in autumn and winter of the first year, turnover, shallow rotary tillage and sowing and planting in line are performed along original corn planting lines, and a green manure is applied; in the springtime of the second year, weeding, soil-loosening plowing, shallow rotary tillage and land leveling are performed among green manure lines and then corn sowing is performed; protective weeding is performed in a field in a corn growth period, and finally corns are harvested and straws are returned to the field. Under the condition that non-tillage sowing cannot be performed in the clay hardened soil, the method is oriented to soil-loosening plowing and achieves mechanized protective cultivation by being combined with limited turnover. Water and soil loss of cultivated land caused by wash during the rainy season in summer can be prevented, and soil fertility can be kept and increased. Plow pan forming can be avoided, and soil moisture conservation level can be improved. The method facilitates forming of a good plough layer in soil, sowing effect and emergence rate are improved, and root system growth is promoted. The method is beneficial to sustainable development of agriculture in mountain regions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural cultivating technology field, refer more particularly to a kind of suitable viscosity and to harden the corn planting machineryization conservation tillage method of soil.
Background technology
Conservation tillage to refer in crop genetics the farming and stirring amount that reduce soil as far as possible; and adopt the coverage mode such as stalk or biological plantation; reduce sand and water and soil loss; reach the effect of soil conservation, water conservation and the ecotope that protects the fields; normal insemination and emergence on soil can be ensured again simultaneously, finally realize a kind of farming technique of high-yield and high-efficiency.Conservation tillage is mainly applied in dry farming, as corn, wheat, potato and rape etc.
State's conservation tillage areas such as the U.S. of developed country, Australia have accounted for 60% of total cultivated area; China northeast, northwest, North China be spread Mechanized Conversation Tillage; on corn, popularizing area is large especially; these areas belong to semiarid zone; soil is sand soil; wind-eroded soil is the subject matter that conservation tillage solves; annual spring, a north strong wind took away exposed top layer, arable land rich soil; form sandstorm, heavy damage soil tillage again air-polluting while.The conservation tillage that external and the northern area of China is formed is based upon on local soil, weather conditions basis; it is covered as major technique mode with mechanical no-tillage seeding, subsoiling, straw-returning and stalk toothing and applies in dry farming; stirring plough horizon can be reduced to greatest extent; thus prevent the wind erosion of soil, play the protective effect to ploughing.
Steep on Shan Gao slope, south China Hills, rainwater is many, summer, rainfall was concentrated, and the rainfall of annual 80% concentrates on 5-8 month, was also simultaneously that summer crop is ploughed, the season of sowing and growth, and arable land, mountain area water and soil flowing water is serious.Arable soil layer is planted thinner and thinner, destroys the productivity in arable land; And the conservation tillage method of northern area is not suitable for soil structure, landform, the climatic environment of southern area; carry out the research of southern conservation tillage just very necessary; the protectiveness researching and developing a kind of suitable soils in south china, landform and climatic environment cultivates method to raising soils in south china cultivating quality, and raising mountain region farming productivity ratio has great importance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to southern soil structure, landform, climatic environment, and the technical problem existed at present, a kind of conservation tillage method that suitable viscosity hardens mechanical soil maize planting is provided, comprise the following steps: First Year autumn and winter, turn over and shallow rotary tillage strip sowing planting green manure former corn planting is capable; Seeding corn after the weeding in the ranks of Second Year green manure in spring, Song Geng, shallow rotary tillage entirely; Corn growth protectiveness in period weeding, harvest corn and straw-returning.Above protective farming technique presents the alternately plantation of corn and green manure, and the same upper Song Genghe that ploughs turns over and hockets, and pine is ploughed and adopts when spring and summer seeding corn, turns over to use when autumn and winter sows green manure.
Further, refer to capable the turning over of former corn planting on former corn field with shallow rotary tillage strip sowing planting green manure, only after corn planting capable mouldboard plow plowed soils 25cm ~ 30cm, sow green manure, sown scope 30cm, the spacing 60cm between sown scope center line ~ 70cm.
Further, after the weeding in the ranks of Second Year green manure in spring, Song Geng, shallow rotary tillage entirely, seeding corn refers to before spring corn seeding, in green manure herbicide spraying weeding in the ranks, at the green manure cultivated soil 25cm ~ 30cm of machinery pine in the ranks, machinery is shallow revolves the native 6cm ~ 8cm of table, keep arable land smooth during rotary tillage, then at green manure mechanical planting corn in the ranks, sowing line-spacing 60cm ~ 70cm, sowing nest is determined voluntarily apart from various places.
Further, the weed killer herbicide sprayed during green manure herbicide spraying weeding in the ranks will be avoided being sprayed onto on green manure.
Further, if grass is a lot of during the weeding of corn growth protectiveness in period refers to corn growth, adopt machinery or artificial weeding 1 time, grass is few, can not remove.
Further, machinery or artificial weeding refer to and do not stir soil layer, the protectiveness weeding system of only mowing or uprooting weed.
Further, harvest corn and straw-returning refer to that the ripe results maize harvesting machine of corn is gathered in the crops, and corn straw smashing also field while results, crop-residue incorporation accounts for more than 30% of total stalk.
The present invention in the natural law in summer, takes different tillage methods to reduce the generation of water and soil loss according to 80% rainfall in a year.The core of invention is to take " pine is ploughed and turns over and replaces farming, the mode of green manuring simultaneously ", reduces the stirring to soil, realize conservation tillage in conjunction with shallow rotary tillage and few weeding.
The first, solve viscosity and harden soil when no-tillage seeding can not be used, plough based on pine, realize Mechanized Conversation Tillage in conjunction with narrow turning over.Large to the stirring of soil although turn over, but take the time of turning over to be autumn and winter season after rainy season in the present invention, simultaneously at part green manuring immediately of turning over, grow gradually after Green manuring, the soil of part of turning over is covered by green manure, and along with the growth of green manure, plowed soils is completely fixed by green manure root system, soil also consolidation gradually, so the soil layer stirred can not cause water and soil loss.
Second; Second Year spring; pine is taked to plough the conservation tillage mode seeding corn with shallow rotary tillage in the ranks at green manure before corn seeding; when stirring very little to soil; realize hardening the smooth effect of upper soll layer hack to viscosity; be conducive to the formation of good seeding layer, improve sowing and seedling effect.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail specific implementation process of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art better understand.The harden corn planting machineryization conservation tillage method of soil of this suitable viscosity comprises following implementation step:
Harvest corn → straw-returning → autumn and winter sows green manure after corn original seed plants the mechanical plowed soils 25cm ~ 30cm of row, sown scope 30cm, before spacing 60cm between sown scope center line ~ 70cm → Second Year spring corn sowing green manure herbicide spraying weeding in the ranks (will avoid being sprayed onto on green manure when spraying medicine) → green manure in the ranks machinery pine plough that soil 25cm ~ 30cm → green manure is mechanical shallowly revolves the native 6cm ~ 8cm of table in the ranks, smooth → green manure mechanical planting corn in the ranks of ploughing is kept during rotary tillage, if grass is a lot of during sowing line-spacing 60cm ~ 70cm → corn growth, machinery or artificial weeding is adopted (not to stir soil layer 1 time, only mow or uprooting weed, can in conjunction with spraying fertilizer), grass is few, → ripe results → corn straw smashing also the field 30% of corn can not be removed.
Particularly, First Year autumn and winter, after harvesting corn, turn over former corn planting is capable, only at corn planting capable mouldboard plow plowed soils 25cm ~ 30cm, guarantee that maize straw is fully turned on the one hand and bury, realize straw-returning, ensure that it fully rots to increase soil fertility, improve the gas porosity of soil on the other hand, be conducive to seed sprouting and growth of crop rhizomes.Then shallow rotary tillage strip sowing planting green manure, sown scope 30cm, the spacing 60cm between sown scope center line ~ 70cm, along with the growth of green manure, plowed soils is completely fixed by green manure root system, can reduce water and soil loss to during Second Year wet season of summer; Second Year spring in green manure herbicide spraying weeding in the ranks, will avoid being sprayed onto on green manure before corn seeding by the weed killer herbicide sprayed during green manure herbicide spraying weeding in the ranks, ensures the growth of green manure, not by herbicide damage; At the green manure cultivated soil 25cm ~ 30cm of machinery pine in the ranks, machinery is shallow revolves the native 6cm ~ 8cm of table, keep arable land smooth during rotary tillage, realize hardening the hack of upper soll layer and planarization effects to viscosity, the formation seeding layer being conducive to good seeding layer is that growing of crop seed provides good soil environment, improves viscosity and to harden the sowing of soil and seedling effect.Then at green manure mechanical planting corn in the ranks, sowing line-spacing 60cm ~ 70cm, sowing nest is determined voluntarily apart from various places, ensures daylighting fully and ventilation in milpa process of growth, promotes the growth of plant, improve the output of corn; Can adopt at milpa growth period and not stir soil layer and carry out machinery or manually cut weeds, the water and soil loss that soil tillage exists can be reduced, effectively protect precious arable land, promote the development and growth of corn, improve its output.
This technical method achieves soil horizon at First Year by the part of turning over, pine is taked to plough at Second Year, the part that First Year is ploughed by pine, take to turn at Second Year, achieve and turn over and cultivated the hocketing of pine, not only be conducive to the plow layer that Zinc fractions is good, reach again the effect reducing water and soil flowing water.
Claims (7)
1. suitable viscosity hardens a corn planting machineryization conservation tillage method for soil, comprises the following steps: First Year autumn and winter, turns over and shallow rotary tillage strip sowing planting green manure former corn planting is capable; Seeding corn after the weeding in the ranks of Second Year green manure in spring, Song Geng, shallow rotary tillage entirely; Field control weeding is carried out period, last harvest corn and straw-returning at corn growth; Above protective farming technique presents the alternately plantation of corn and green manure, and the same upper Song Genghe that ploughs turns over and hockets, and pine is ploughed and adopts when spring and summer seeding corn, turns over to use when autumn and winter sows green manure.
2. the methods of cultivation as claimed in claim 1, refer to capable the turning over of former corn planting on former corn field with shallow rotary tillage strip sowing planting green manure described in it, only after corn planting capable mouldboard plow plowed soils 25cm ~ 30cm, sow green manure, sown scope 30cm, the spacing 60cm between sown scope center line ~ 70cm.
3. the methods of cultivation as claimed in claim 1, after Second Year green manure in spring weeding in the ranks described in it, Song Geng, shallow rotary tillage entirely, seeding corn refers to before spring corn seeding, in green manure herbicide spraying weeding in the ranks, at the green manure cultivated soil 25cm ~ 30cm of machinery pine in the ranks, machinery is shallow revolves the native 6cm ~ 8cm of table, keeps arable land smooth, then at green manure mechanical planting corn in the ranks during rotary tillage, sowing line-spacing 60cm ~ 70cm, sowing nest is determined voluntarily apart from various places.
4. the methods of cultivation as claimed in claim 3, the weed killer herbicide sprayed during the herbicide spraying weeding in the ranks of the green manure described in it will be avoided being sprayed onto on green manure.
5. the methods of cultivation as claimed in claim 1, if grass is a lot of during corn growth protectiveness in the period weeding described in it refers to corn growth, adopt machinery or artificial weeding 1 time, grass is few, can not remove.
6. the methods of cultivation as claimed in claim 5, the machinery described in it or artificial weeding refer to and do not stir soil layer, the protectiveness weeding system of only mowing or uprooting weed.
7. the methods of cultivation as claimed in claim 1, harvest corn described in it and straw-returning refer to that the ripe results maize harvesting machine of corn is gathered in the crops, corn straw smashing also field while results, crop-residue incorporation accounts for more than 30% of total stalk, and spreading is in the ground equably for the stalk of pulverizing.
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| CN201510136227.3A CN104737755B (en) | 2015-03-26 | 2015-03-26 | A kind of corn planting machineryization conservation tillage method of suitable sticky hardened soil |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105684692A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-22 | 西南大学 | Potato/corn/sweet potato drought triple-cropping relay intercropping technology suitable for machine harvesting |
| CN105981555A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2016-10-05 | 韦军龙 | No-tillage planting method for corn in the south |
| CN106587492A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-04-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Face source pollution control method based on soil moisture preservation principle |
| CN107295876A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-10-27 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of applicable semiarid region soil wheel ploughs corn planting method |
| CN109429947A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-03-08 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method |
| CN109566302A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-05 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Intensive farmland wide cut wheel intercropping plant technology |
| CN112970535A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-18 | 华中农业大学 | Density-increasing nitrogen-reducing efficient planting method for spring corn mixed cropping leguminous green manure |
| CN115005041A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-09-06 | 新疆穗峰绿色农业科技有限公司 | Dry-sowing and wet-out cultivation method for cotton in heavy soil by using 4.3-meter ultra-wide film |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108605461A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-02 | 朱荣喜 | Hardened soil improvement method and its application |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105981555A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2016-10-05 | 韦军龙 | No-tillage planting method for corn in the south |
| CN105684692A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-22 | 西南大学 | Potato/corn/sweet potato drought triple-cropping relay intercropping technology suitable for machine harvesting |
| CN105684692B (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2018-09-25 | 西南大学 | A kind of non-irrigated three ripe interplanting methods of the potato/corn being suitable for machine receipts/sweet potato |
| CN106587492A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-04-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Face source pollution control method based on soil moisture preservation principle |
| CN107295876A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-10-27 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of applicable semiarid region soil wheel ploughs corn planting method |
| CN109429947A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-03-08 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method |
| CN109429947B (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2023-09-29 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | Oil-jade double-cropping protective cultivation method suitable for stony desertification areas |
| CN109566302A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-05 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Intensive farmland wide cut wheel intercropping plant technology |
| CN112970535A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-18 | 华中农业大学 | Density-increasing nitrogen-reducing efficient planting method for spring corn mixed cropping leguminous green manure |
| CN115005041A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-09-06 | 新疆穗峰绿色农业科技有限公司 | Dry-sowing and wet-out cultivation method for cotton in heavy soil by using 4.3-meter ultra-wide film |
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