CN1711825A - Water floatation seedling method of cotton - Google Patents
Water floatation seedling method of cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN1711825A CN1711825A CNA2005100318833A CN200510031883A CN1711825A CN 1711825 A CN1711825 A CN 1711825A CN A2005100318833 A CNA2005100318833 A CN A2005100318833A CN 200510031883 A CN200510031883 A CN 200510031883A CN 1711825 A CN1711825 A CN 1711825A
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Abstract
A method for culturing the cotton seedlings features that the porous seedling nursing tray, matrix and the nutritive liquid as nursery bed are used for culturing the cotton seedlings in floating mode. Its advantages are high germination rate, developed root system and low cost.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to a kind of crop seedling production method, be specifically related to cotton and utilize matrix and nutrient solution water body seedling bed floating grow seedling method and the supporting transplanting method of seedling.
Background technology:
At present, the raising seedling of cotton mode has two kinds, a kind of is the matrix rice seedling on upland field, as the Yang Tie of academy of agricultural sciences, Henan Province steel, Tan Chunsong (cotton industrial breeding technique and high-yield and high-efficiency technical regulation [J] thereof. the Henan agricultural science, 2003 (9): 23-24) wait the substrate seedling of creating, realized the survival rate more than 95% and 5～7d seedling-slowing stage (also shortening to some extent) behind the cotton seedling non-soil replanting, realized that also cotton seedling still can reach the dreamboat of These parameters at indoor storage 3d than nutritive cube; Mao Shuchun (cotton " two do not have two change " culture technique research new development [J]. Chinese cotton, 2004,31 (9): 29) waiting factorial seedling growths in two nothings, the two change culture techniques of setting up, also is matrix rice seedling on upland field mode." two do not have two change " cultivation is meant Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil, carrier-free (single seedling) transplant and the grow seedlings general name of batch production and transplanting mechanization technology, adopt agronomy and agricultural machinery combination, the a whole set of configuration of technology, product, commodity, market are used and the having a extensive future of commodity industrialization.This mode is easy and simple to handle, and sprout term disease is light, is adapted to factorial seedling growth, but because water supply in media and nutrient content are limit, needs repeatedly moisturizing to take a tonic or nourishing food to build up one's health between nursery stage and divide, otherwise can only adapt to the following little transplantation of seedlings of 2 leaves, 1 heart.Another kind is a feeding block seedlings raising, use on a large scale in south at present, but feeding block seedlings raising technology consumption worker is many, according to statistics, the annual recruitment in cotton field, the seedling raising and transplanting stage accounts for 50%, the field management stage in mid-term accounts for 25%, receive flower and sell flower and account for 25%, therefore, the recruitment of growing seedlings too much makes plants cotton industry labor productivity and significantly lowers.The contradiction of seedling raising and transplanting stage and cereal crops summer harvesting and sowing is the most outstanding, strives season, and struggle for the work force between farming and nonfarming sectors (Han Shijie, Yuan Chunxin, Cui Shiyou etc. about the thinking [J] of raising seedling of cotton batch production and transplanting mechanization. economic crops, 2000 (4): 12-13).Feeding block seedlings raising also exist problems such as the low and easily dead seedling of emergence rate (Zhang Yunsheng. the some problems of cotton nutrition seedling raising and transplanting are just discussed [J]. crop magazine, 1996 (1): 13-15).Because the feeding block seedlings raising of present single household is difficult to the Artificial Control natural conditions, it is low to run into the low temperature emergence rate easily, in addition, nutritive cube soil disinfection difficulty, soil carries germ, cotton seedling easy outburst in early stage anthracnose, damping off, overworked disease and eqpidemic disease etc.Produce the artificial hybridization cotton that goes up the large tracts of land popularizing planting now, improved output of cotton greatly, but seed needs artificial hybridization, seed production cost height, the price of seed is also high, if the low and seedling death phenomenon of emergence rate is arranged, will increase seedling cost.Feeding block seedlings raising needs management of weeds because soil system nutritive cube is general more fertile, if control improper, cotton seedling easily becomes high pin seedling, and also there is the alms bowl that easily looses in feeding block seedlings raising, and transplanting survival rate is low, transplanting is taken a lot of work and is transplanted the back and delay problems such as seedling length, and influence is early sent out and output.Cotton planting is from the seed sowing of the sixties in 20th century, feeding block seedlings raising, plastic mulching to the eighties, experience half a century, the scientific research personnel has paid hard sweat, but since these growing and cultivation method is time-consuming takes a lot of work, labour intensity is big, drop into higherly, be difficult to guarantee reasons such as cotton seedling once all sprouts, influence the development of China's Cotton Production and the raising of output (Chen Zhende always, yellow person of outstanding talent. the several frequently seen base of growing seedlings changes the status quo, and adopts the cotton water floatation seedling.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of novel raising seedling of cotton method, make and to make raising seedling of cotton and transplanting become a kind of convenient, fast, farming operation efficiently in this way, can realize the cotton factorial seedling growth, can solve over heavy manual labors such as playing alms bowl, grow seedlings in the raise seedling in hot bed, management, lifting, the transplanting of band alms bowl, can avoid the problem that repeatedly supplies water and supplement the nutrients in the matrix rice seedling on upland field process, floating water body is grown seedlings and can be reduced or prevent the harm of soil germ to cotton seedling.The present invention is fit to shorthanded peasant household, and plantation is got up convenient and swift.
By matrix fixedly cotton seeds and root system, use formula nutritional liquid to guarantee to grow to the needs of nutritive element before cotton seedling 4 leaves 1 heart, utilize water body seedbed and porous seedling-cultivating tray, carry out floating seedlings as make seedling-cultivating tray with polystyrene, reduce the dead seedling of disease seedling, under the condition of heat and moisture preserving, improve emergence rate and planting percent, promote root system development, reduce the root system damage, conveniently get seedling and transplanting.
Particular content is: in sowing cotton seed season, utilize porous seedling-cultivating tray, matrix and mill water culture nutrient solution floating seedlings, transplant at Cheng Miaohou.The porous seedling-cultivating tray can be made with the material with certain buoyancy, as polystyrene etc., can swim on the water body, pallet thickness is generally 60mm～80mm, according to the requirement of growing seedlings, make a plurality of holes of growing seedlings on dish, the seedlings root in the hole of growing seedlings can absorb moisture and the nutritive element in the water body.The size in hole is degree of depth 50mm～70mm, and cylinder top bore is 30mm～40mm, and base diameter is 20mm～25mm, and it is aperture about 8mm that 1 diameter is stayed in the bottom, and the hole of growing seedlings can be cone or triangular cone or rectangular pyramid body or polygonal pyramid body.
Make water bed, make one on the ground and can hold water and non-leakage pond, as on the level land, being built into the square pond of certain specification with mud scholar or brick etc., complete plastic film on the ground, slightly high all around, or dig a pond, complete plastic film, or build cement pit, the pond is generally 150mm～200mm deeply, but water storage, make water bed,, can make plastic tunnel with film above it for keeping temperature, also can make water bed in the greenhouse, the water temperature of control water bed is higher than 16 ℃.
Prepare matrix, matrix is raw material by the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite power, both ratios are preferably 1: 1, the also available peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite power or expanded perlite, the mixture of ash, ratio are 1: 1: 1, or matrix is the mixture of vermiculite power, the peat composed of rotten mosses, flour sand and plant straw, ratio is 2: 1: 1: 1, and it mainly acts on and is fixed race and seedling.The dress seedling-cultivating tray, suitably moistening before the sabot matrix, agglomerating with the energy that hand is grabbed, loose land to scatter be advisable, then matrix is placed on the dish, with plank matrix is pushed each seedling cave, the matrix filling that makes every cave is evenly, tightness is moderate, can pat dish, and consolidation is a little slightly to make the interior matrix of dish.Again each hole of growing seedlings is compressed slightly, make the medium bottom become real and take root top soil, and make each hole of growing seedlings show a recessed vesicle, so that sowing in order to cotton seedling.
The preparation nutrient solution, nutrient solution prescription is: the concentration of purity nitrogen is 247.3mg/L～300mg/L, available phosphorus (P
2O
5) concentration is at 60mg/L～151.2mg/L, effective potassium (K
2O) concentration is at 60mg/L～140mg/L; Iron, 16mg/L～30mg/L; Boron 0.52mg/L～2.64mg/L; Manganese 0.7mg/L～4.4mg/L; Zinc 0.72mg/L～2.9mg/L; Copper 0.44mg/L～0.89mg/L.Nitrogen can be with nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea or ammonium hydrogencarbonates, plain available ca magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer of phosphorus or superphosphate etc., potash fertilizer such as the plain available potassium chloride of potassium, potassium nitrate or potassium sulphate.
Nutrient solution is added the pond, and the dress water depth remains on 60mm～80mm, and the pH value stabilization is in 6～7 (subaciditys).
Sowing adapts to cotton seeds that water planting grows seedlings and is lint or the not seed or the capsuled seed of lint.To broadcast in the hole of growing seedlings of seedling-cultivating tray through 1 in the every cave of selected seed, the seed point one upside down, cover with the matrix (humidity 70%) that modulates then, for guaranteeing cotton seedling shelling, cladding thickness (thickness on the seed) will reach about 2 centimetres.Again seedling-cultivating tray is put into nursery pond, and put neat.
Will check liquid level in the nutrition liquid pool when growing seedlings, check liquid level in each nutrition liquid bath at any time, if liquid level is lower than the seedling-cultivating tray bottom, liquid should in time supplement the nutrients.To control temperature simultaneously, after cotton seedling all sprouts, notice at any time that canopy temperature changes, when surpassing 35 ℃ that the booth opening is aeration-cooling, make canopy temperature be controlled at 25 ℃～35 ℃.When average daily temperature was stabilized in more than 15 ℃ in continuous 5 days, the film that can cover stretching tight greatly be taken off, but when attack if any cold current, must be incubated by epiphragma, prevented cotton seedling frostbite.
Seedling replanting can be transplanted by carrying substrates during transplanting, or washes root and transplant, or is stained with thin mud and transplants, or soaks root-growing agent and transplant.Transplanting seedling age can be 1 leaf, 1 heart, or 2 leaves, 1 heart, or 3 leaves, 1 heart or 4 leaves, 1 heart.
Cotton water floatation seedling and other seedling-cultivating method have incomparable advantage: the one, can directly be sowed at seed in each seedling-cultivating tray indoor, saved big Tanaka and done seedbed and the heavy physical labor of making nutritive cube, and nursery pond may be selected in before the room behind the house, is convenient to management; The 2nd, simple and easy when transplanting, saved the heavy recruitment that nutritive cube is transplanted lifting and removed seedling and burrow in the land for growing field crops, overcome the phenomenon that the alms bowl that easily looses in the nutrition bowl seedling transplanting process is completely cured, therefore cotton seedling availability height.The 3rd, the cotton seedling neat and consistent of water floatation seedling, anosis bacterial strain, no weeds are adapted to seedling or big transplantation of seedlings.The 4th, reduce repeatedly rich water quality management operation between nursery stage.
Embodiment:
From the following description, those skilled in the art can be well understood to purpose of the present invention, and embodiments of the present invention:
1, grows seedlings
Stable by more than 16 ℃ the time when continuous 5 days of daily mean temperature, the seedbed water temperature is higher than 16 ℃, can sow, the Hunan Province roughly in 4 months, the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period to May.
Elite seed for improving planting percent, will be taked grain-by-grain seed selection method elite seed, percentage of seedgermination is reached more than 95% before growing seedlings.Basked seeds after the seed cleaning 3～4 days, and promoted seed afterripening, accelerate germination and emergence speed.
Build the nutrition liquid bath, the nutrient solution slot length is decided according to the length of plastic tunnel.Groove depth is 14～16cm, and bottom land requires level, and no stone does not have plant roots and stems and sharp-pointed hard thing etc.Place mat polyethylene black thin film (0.1mm is thick) is so that the splendid attire nutrient solution easily grows algae in case see light in the groove.
The preparation nutrient solution by the special nutrient solution of cotton seedling growth needs preparation, is put into nursery pond with the nutrient solution that modulates.Nutrient solution prescription is: the concentration of purity nitrogen is 260mg/L, available phosphorus (P
2O
5) concentration is at 100mg/L, effective potassium (K
2O) concentration is at 80mg/L; Iron 16mg/L～30mg/L; Boron 0.52mg/L～2.64mg/L; Manganese 2.7mg/L; Zinc 1.72mg/L; Copper 0.44mg/L～0.8mg/L.
The dress seedling-cultivating tray, suitably moistening before the sabot matrix, agglomerating with the energy that hand is grabbed, loose land to scatter be advisable, then matrix is placed on the dish, with plank matrix is pushed each seedling cave, the matrix filling that makes every cave is evenly, tightness is moderate, can pat dish, and consolidation is a little slightly to make the interior matrix of dish.Take off after pressing down with another each hole of growing seedlings of sky seedling-cultivating tray bottom alignment again, make the medium bottom become real and take root top soil, and make each hole of growing seedlings show a recessed vesicle, so that sowing in order to cotton seedling.
Sowing will be broadcast in the hole of growing seedlings of seedling-cultivating tray through 1 in the every cave of selected seed, the seed point one upside down, cover with the matrix (humidity 70%) that modulates then, shell for guaranteeing cotton seedling, cladding thickness (thickness on the seed) will reach about 2 centimetres.Again seedling-cultivating tray is put into nursery pond, and put neat.
2, the interior management of booth after planting
Check liquid level in the nutrition liquid pool, check liquid level in each nutrition liquid bath at any time, if liquid level is lower than the seedling-cultivating tray bottom, liquid should in time supplement the nutrients.
Temperature control after cotton seedling all sprouts, notice at any time that canopy temperature changes, and is when surpassing 35 ℃ that the booth opening is aeration-cooling, makes canopy temperature be controlled at 25 ℃～35 ℃.When average daily temperature was stabilized in more than 15 ℃ in continuous 5 days, the film that can cover stretching tight greatly be taken off, but when attack if any cold current, must be incubated by epiphragma, prevented cotton seedling frostbite.
3, lifting and transplanting
Grasp cotton seedling basal part of stem during lifting, upwards pull out gently and get final product.
Land for growing field crops distance between rows and hills configuration, nutrition bowl seedling transplanting is consistent in transplanting density and the land for growing field crops producing, and about 20000 strains of hybrid cotton per hectare, about line-spacing 1m, spacing in the rows is 40cm～50cm.
Plant seedling-growing method and time, take trench digging or beat the cave transplant all can, the degree of depth is uprightly to put down to get final product roughly 15 centimetres can make cotton shoot root.Planting the seedling time should be selected in and carry out afternoon, carrying substrates or wash root or wash root after be stained with nutrient solution or root-growing agent is transplanted, in time water normal root water after the transplanting and a water of living.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of water floatation seedling method of cotton is characterized in that: in sowing cotton seed season, utilize porous seedling-cultivating tray, matrix and mill water culture nutrient solution floating seedlings, cotton seedling 1 leaf 1 heart～4 leaves, 1 heart is transplanted.
2, water floatation seedling method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that: cotton normal sowing season, control water bed water temperature is higher than 16 ℃.
3, water floatation seedling method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that: seedling-cultivating tray has a plurality of holes of growing seedlings, and can swim on the water body, and the root system of seedling can absorb moisture and the nutritive element in the water body in the hole.
4, water floatation seedling method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that: matrix is the mixture of the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite power or expanded perlite, ash, and ratio is 1: 1: 1.
5, water floatation seedling method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that: matrix is the mixture of vermiculite power, the peat composed of rotten mosses, flour sand and plant straw, and ratio is 2: 1: 1: 1.
6, water floatation seedling method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that: nutrient solution prescription is: the concentration of purity nitrogen is 247.3mg/L～300mg/L, available phosphorus (P
2O
5) concentration is at 60mg/L～151.2mg/L, effective potassium (K
2O) concentration is at 60mg/L～140mg/L; Iron 16mg/L～30mg/L; Boron 0.52mg/L～2.64mg/L; Manganese 0.7mg/L～4.4mg/L; Zinc 0.72mg/L～2.92mg/L; Copper 0.44mg/L～0.89mg/L.
7, water floatation seedling method of cotton according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: pond dress water depth remains on 60mm～80mm, and the pH value stabilization is in 6～7 (subaciditys).
8, water floatation seedling method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adapt to cotton seeds that water planting grows seedlings and be lint or the not seed or the capsuled seed of lint, during sowing, the seed point one upside down.
9, water floatation seedling method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that: transplanting seedling age can be 1 leaf, 1 heart, or 2 leaves, 1 heart, or 3 leaves, 1 heart, or 4 leaves, 1 heart.
10, water floatation seedling method of cotton according to claim 1 is characterized in that: can transplant by carrying substrates during transplanting, or wash root and transplant, or be stained with thin mud and transplant, or soak root-growing agent and transplant.
11, according to claim 1 or 3 described water floatation seedling method of cotton, it is characterized in that: described seedling-cultivating tray thickness is 60～80mm, according to the requirement of growing seedlings, a plurality of holes of growing seedlings are arranged, the size in hole is degree of depth 50mm～70mm, and the top bore is 30mm～40mm, and base diameter is 20mm～25mm, it is aperture about 8mm that 1 diameter is stayed in the bottom, and the hole of growing seedlings can be cone or triangular cone or rectangular pyramid body or polygonal pyramid body.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101695269B (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-04-13 | 云南远益园林工程有限公司 | Floating seedling method for lantana flower |
| CN101147459B (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2011-04-20 | 湖南农业大学 | Dry-land crops dry-wet two-section tray seedling growth method |
| CN102577816A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-18 | 湖南水木生物技术有限公司 | Slope crop seeding raising method |
| CN102732596A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2012-10-17 | 华中农业大学 | Cotton verticillium wilt resistant seedling stage identification method |
| CN103975746A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-08-13 | 大理福娟花卉有限公司 | Water-cultured floating seedling method of photinia glomerata |
| CN104255404A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-07 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method for rapid hydroponic identification of cotton germplasm salt tolerance and application |
| CN105210842A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-06 | 北海市蔬菜研究所 | Hardening seedling nursing device |
| CN105746322A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-13 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for quickly conserving and reproducing cotton by utilizing cotton leaves |
| CN105815196A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-08-03 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for rapid conservation propagation of black sesame by using black sesame leaves |
| CN106105672A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | A kind of float seedling method of Fructus Cucumidis sativi lateral bine |
| CN106804263A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-06-09 | 新昌县天姥园艺发展有限公司 | Photinia glomerata water floatation seedling method |
| CN107155704A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-09-15 | 界首市祥润家庭农场 | A kind of autumn dried lactuca floating disc method for culturing seedlings |
| CN111727862A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-10-02 | 湖南省棉花科学研究所 | Method for identifying waterlogging tolerance of cotton by using suspension culture technology |
| WO2023087534A1 (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-05-25 | The Hong Kong Research Institute Of Textiles And Apparel Limited | Hydroponic farming method and system of cotton |
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| CN1278600C (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2006-10-11 | 黔南金福有限责任公司 | Floating seedlings culturing method in full ventillation type small arch shed |
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| CN101147459B (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2011-04-20 | 湖南农业大学 | Dry-land crops dry-wet two-section tray seedling growth method |
| CN101695269B (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-04-13 | 云南远益园林工程有限公司 | Floating seedling method for lantana flower |
| CN102732596A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2012-10-17 | 华中农业大学 | Cotton verticillium wilt resistant seedling stage identification method |
| CN102577816A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-18 | 湖南水木生物技术有限公司 | Slope crop seeding raising method |
| CN103975746A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-08-13 | 大理福娟花卉有限公司 | Water-cultured floating seedling method of photinia glomerata |
| CN104255404B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2017-08-15 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of methods and applications of water planting Rapid identification Cotton Germplasms salt tolerance |
| CN104255404A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-07 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Method for rapid hydroponic identification of cotton germplasm salt tolerance and application |
| CN105210842A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-06 | 北海市蔬菜研究所 | Hardening seedling nursing device |
| CN105210842B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2018-01-02 | 北海市蔬菜研究所 | Hardening device for raising seedlings |
| CN105815196A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-08-03 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for rapid conservation propagation of black sesame by using black sesame leaves |
| CN105746322A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-07-13 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for quickly conserving and reproducing cotton by utilizing cotton leaves |
| CN105746322B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2019-06-28 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Utilize the method for the quick child care breeding cotton of cotton leaf |
| CN105815196B (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2019-06-28 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Utilize the method for the quick child care breeding sesame of sesame blade |
| CN106105672A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | A kind of float seedling method of Fructus Cucumidis sativi lateral bine |
| CN106804263A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-06-09 | 新昌县天姥园艺发展有限公司 | Photinia glomerata water floatation seedling method |
| CN107155704A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-09-15 | 界首市祥润家庭农场 | A kind of autumn dried lactuca floating disc method for culturing seedlings |
| CN111727862A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-10-02 | 湖南省棉花科学研究所 | Method for identifying waterlogging tolerance of cotton by using suspension culture technology |
| WO2023087534A1 (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-05-25 | The Hong Kong Research Institute Of Textiles And Apparel Limited | Hydroponic farming method and system of cotton |
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