CN112210386A - Soil directional conditioner special for saline-alkali soil castor planting and method for saline-alkali soil castor planting - Google Patents
Soil directional conditioner special for saline-alkali soil castor planting and method for saline-alkali soil castor planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN112210386A CN112210386A CN202011187509.3A CN202011187509A CN112210386A CN 112210386 A CN112210386 A CN 112210386A CN 202011187509 A CN202011187509 A CN 202011187509A CN 112210386 A CN112210386 A CN 112210386A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special soil directional conditioner for saline-alkali soil castor planting and a method for saline-alkali soil castor planting, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement and crop planting. The invention relates to a special soil directional conditioner for castor planting, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-45% of phosphogypsum, 10-15% of furfural residue, 20-25% of humic acid, 10-15% of decomposed sheep manure and 5-10% of silicate. The soil directional conditioner has the advantages that the growth characteristics of the castor-oil plants and the characteristics of saline-alkali soil are taken into consideration, the components are simple to form, and the components interact with each other, so that the emergence rate of the castor-oil plants in the saline-alkali soil can be improved, and the emergence time can be shortened; the effect of strengthening seedlings can be achieved; when the soil directional conditioner is used for castor planting, castor grows well and is luxuriant in branches and leaves, the soil directional conditioner can be more suitable for growth in saline-alkali soil, and the yield of castor seeds is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement and crop planting, and particularly relates to a special soil directional conditioner for saline-alkali soil castor planting and a method for saline-alkali soil castor planting.
Background
Castor oil is a good oil crop, is a raw material for growing various products, can be used for producing plasticizers, insulating oil, hydraulic oil and lubricating oil, can also be used for cream emulsion and hair care products, is used for manufacturing Turkey red oil, and is a textile industry auxiliary agent and an oil agent; transparent soap, liquid potassium soap and cosmetics are prepared.
The Xinjiang saline-alkali soil is wide in area, wherein sandy saline-alkali soil is mainly used in the southern Xinjiang area, the saline-alkali soil contains higher soluble salt, the soil is alkaline, the pH value is high, the content of organic matters in the soil is low, the fertility is low, hardening is easy during drying, and seedling emergence of crops is difficult; the surface is sticky when wet, which is not beneficial to the mechanical field cultivation; the former people do a large amount of researches on soil conditioners in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang, and different crops have different tolerance to the saline-alkali soil; therefore, the research of the soil directional conditioner applicable to castor planting in saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the soil directional conditioner special for planting the castor-oil plants in the saline-alkali soil, and the castor-oil plants are planted in the saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang by using the soil directional conditioner, so that the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil is achieved while the castor-oil plants are planted in the saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang in a large area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a special soil directional conditioner for castor planting comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
40-45% of phosphogypsum, 10-15% of furfural residue, 20-25% of humic acid, 10-15% of decomposed sheep manure and 5-10% of silicate.
A method for planting castor-oil plants in saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang comprises the following steps:
(1) weeding for saline-alkali soil
Spraying glyphosate serving as a herbicide in a windless sunny day 15-20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and uniformly spraying;
(2) scraping surface salt
Before rotary tillage, a bulldozer is used for removing salt shells on the surface of a saline-alkali soil layer, and the depth of the removed salt shells is 10-15 cm;
(3) rotary tillage land
Rotary tillage is carried out on the soil by using a rotary cultivator, the rotary tillage depth is 20-25cm, the soil is uniformly crushed, and no large soil blocks exist on the ground;
(4) application of soil oriented conditioner
After rotary tillage of the land, spreading 80-100kg of the special soil directional conditioner for castor bean planting per mu of land;
the special soil directional conditioner for castor planting comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-45% of phosphogypsum, 10-15% of furfural residue, 20-25% of humic acid, 10-15% of decomposed sheep manure and 5-10% of silicate;
(5) applying base fertilizer
Applying 100-120 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer and 20-25 kg/mu of urea as base fertilizer; or directly applying 1500-1600 kg/mu of farmyard manure;
(6) soil is again rotary tilled
After the soil directional conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied, rotary tillage is carried out again by using the rotary cultivator, the soil directional conditioner and the base fertilizer are subjected to rotary tillage and buried in the soil, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, and the rotary tillage is uniform;
(7) seed disinfection
Adding 40% formalin into water at a weight ratio of 1: 300, soaking castor seeds for 1.5-2 h, and cleaning with clear water;
(8) accelerating germination
Soaking the cleaned seeds in clear water for 10-12 h, then accelerating germination at 25 ℃, spraying water once for 10-12 h during the accelerating germination period to ensure the humidity of the surfaces of the seeds, and sowing when cracks appear on the white bark of the seeds;
(9) seeding
The seed consumption of castor-oil plant seeding is 1.5-2 kg/mu, the row spacing of the seeding is 0.8-1m, the plant spacing is 0.5-0.6 m, the seeding depth is 2cm, and soil covering is carried out in time.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
the soil directional conditioner has the advantages that the growth characteristics of the castor-oil plants and the characteristics of saline-alkali soil are taken into consideration, the components are simple to form, and the components interact with each other, so that the emergence rate of the castor-oil plants in the saline-alkali soil can be improved, and the emergence time can be shortened; the effect of strengthening seedlings can be achieved; when the soil directional conditioner is used for castor planting, castor grows well and is luxuriant in branches and leaves, the soil directional conditioner can be more suitable for growth in saline-alkali soil, and the yield of castor seeds is obviously improved.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
The salt content of the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang is 4.1 per mill, and the pH value is 8.3
The operation is as follows: spraying glyphosate serving as a herbicide (the herbicide is 2-methyl glyphosate and comprises 43.5 percent of 2-methyl glyphosate isopropylamine salt, 41 percent of glyphosate isopropylamine salt and 2.5 percent of 2-methyl-4-chloro isopropylamine salt, 500g of each bottle) 15 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and uniformly spraying 1 bottle of 1 mu of land; before rotary tillage, a bulldozer is used for removing salt shells on the surface, and the depth is 10 cm; after removing the surface salt layer, carrying out rotary tillage on the soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25cm, no large soil blocks exist on the ground, and the soil is uniformly crushed; after rotary tillage of the land, 100 kg/mu of soil directional conditioner (40% of phosphogypsum, 15% of furfural residue, 25% of humic acid, 10% of decomposed sheep manure and 10% of silicate) is applied by a fertilizer applicator; after the soil directional conditioner is applied, 100 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer and 25 kg/mu of urea are applied as base fertilizers; after the soil directional conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied, rotary tillage is carried out again by using the rotary cultivator, the soil directional conditioner and the base fertilizer are subjected to rotary tillage and buried in the soil, the rotary tillage depth is required to be 15cm, and the rotary tillage is uniform; performing seed disinfection treatment, namely adding 40% formalin into water in a weight ratio of 1: 300, preparing liquid medicine, soaking the seeds for 1.5 hours, and then cleaning the seeds with clear water to perform germination; cleaning seeds, soaking the seeds in water for 10 hours, taking the seeds out, putting the seeds into a room at 25 ℃ for germination acceleration, ensuring good humidity in the germination acceleration process, spraying moisture once every 12 hours, and sowing the seeds when the seeds have cracks in the white bark; the mechanical sowing mode is selected for sowing, the row spacing of the sowing is 0.8m, the plant spacing is 0.6 m, the sowing depth is 2cm, and soil is covered in time.
Example 2
The salt content in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang is 3.9 per mill, and the pH value is 8.2.
The operation is as follows: spraying glyphosate serving as herbicide (2-methyl glyphosate, comprising 43.5 percent of 2-methyl glyphosate isopropylamine salt, 41 percent of glyphosate isopropylamine salt and 2.5 percent of 2-methyl-4-chloro isopropylamine salt, 500g per bottle) 20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and uniformly spraying, wherein the amount of the herbicide is 0.5 bottle per 1 mu of land; before rotary tillage, a bulldozer is used for removing salt shells on the surface, and the depth is 10 cm; after removing the surface salt layer, applying a rotary cultivator to carry out rotary tillage on the soil, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25cm, no large soil blocks exist on the ground, and the soil is uniformly crushed; after rotary tillage of the land, 90 kg/mu of soil directional conditioner (45% of phosphogypsum, 10% of furfural residue, 25% of humic acid, 15% of decomposed sheep manure and 5% of silicate) is applied by a fertilizer applicator; after the soil directional conditioner is applied, 1600 kg/mu of farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer; after the soil directional conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied, rotary tillage is carried out again by using the rotary cultivator, the soil directional conditioner and the base fertilizer are subjected to rotary tillage and buried in the soil, the rotary tillage depth is required to be 15cm, and the rotary tillage is uniform; performing seed disinfection treatment, namely adding 40% formalin into water, wherein the weight ratio of the medicine to the water is 1: 300, preparing liquid medicine, soaking the seeds for 2 hours, and then cleaning the seeds with clear water to perform germination; cleaning seeds, soaking the seeds in water for 10 hours, taking the seeds out, putting the seeds into a room at 25 ℃ for germination acceleration, ensuring good humidity in the germination acceleration process, spraying moisture once every 10 hours, and sowing the seeds when the seeds have cracks on the white bark; the mechanical sowing mode is selected for sowing, the row spacing of the sowing is 0.8m, the plant spacing is 0.6 m, the sowing depth is 2cm, and soil is covered in time.
Comparative example 1
The same amount of desulfurized gypsum is used to replace phosphogypsum in the soil oriented conditioner in the example 1, and other operation procedures are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The soil oriented conditioner in the example 1 uses the same amount of biomass charcoal to replace humic acid, and the other operation procedures are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 3
The soil oriented conditioner in the example 1 uses equivalent weathered coal to replace furfural residue, and other operation procedures are the same as those in the example 1.
The number of emergence days, emergence rate and yield of castor bean seedlings in each group are counted, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 growth of castor plants
| Time of emergence (day) | Rate of emergence (%) | Castor bean yield (kg/mu) | |
| Example 1 | 6 | 89.6 | 349.3 |
| Example 2 | 5 | 91.2 | 365.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 6 | 87.5 | 318.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 7 | 83.8 | 290.4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 7 | 84.7 | 295.7 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the soil conditioner of the invention has the growth characteristics of castor and the characteristics of saline-alkali soil; the components interact and are matched with each other; the emergence rate of castor-oil plants in saline-alkali soil can be improved, and the emergence time is shortened; the effect of strengthening seedlings can be achieved; when the soil directional conditioner is used for castor planting, castor grows well and is luxuriant in branches and leaves, the soil directional conditioner can be more suitable for growth in saline-alkali soil, and the yield of castor seeds is obviously improved.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The special soil directional conditioner for castor planting is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
40-45% of phosphogypsum, 10-15% of furfural residue, 20-25% of humic acid, 10-15% of decomposed sheep manure and 5-10% of silicate.
2. A method for planting castor-oil plants in saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weeding for saline-alkali soil
Spraying glyphosate serving as a herbicide in a windless sunny day 15-20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and uniformly spraying;
(2) scraping surface salt
Before rotary tillage, a bulldozer is used for removing salt shells on the surface of a saline-alkali soil layer, and the depth of the removed salt shells is 10-15 cm;
(3) rotary tillage land
Rotary tillage is carried out on the soil by using a rotary cultivator, the rotary tillage depth is 20-25cm, the soil is uniformly crushed, and no large soil blocks exist on the ground;
(4) application of soil oriented conditioner
After rotary tillage of the land, spreading 80-100kg of the special soil directional conditioner for castor bean planting per mu of land;
the special soil directional conditioner for castor planting comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-45% of phosphogypsum, 10-15% of furfural residue, 20-25% of humic acid, 10-15% of decomposed sheep manure and 5-10% of silicate;
(5) applying base fertilizer
Applying 100-120 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer and 20-25 kg/mu of urea as base fertilizer; or directly applying 1500-1600 kg/mu of farmyard manure;
(6) soil is again rotary tilled
After the soil directional conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied, rotary tillage is carried out again by using the rotary cultivator, the soil directional conditioner and the base fertilizer are subjected to rotary tillage and buried in the soil, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm, and the rotary tillage is uniform;
(7) seed disinfection
Adding 40% formalin into water at a weight ratio of 1: 300, soaking castor seeds for 1.5-2 h, and cleaning with clear water;
(8) accelerating germination
Soaking the cleaned seeds in clear water for 10-12 h, then accelerating germination at 25 ℃, spraying water once for 10-12 h during the accelerating germination period to ensure the humidity of the surfaces of the seeds, and sowing when cracks appear on the white bark of the seeds;
(9) seeding
The seed consumption of castor-oil plant seeding is 1.5-2 kg/mu, the row spacing of the seeding is 0.8-1m, the plant spacing is 0.5-0.6 m, the seeding depth is 2cm, and soil covering is carried out in time.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112724985A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Soda saline-alkali soil conditioner, preparation method and use method |
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Application publication date: 20210112 |