CN106797798A - A kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast - Google Patents

A kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106797798A
CN106797798A CN201710203461.2A CN201710203461A CN106797798A CN 106797798 A CN106797798 A CN 106797798A CN 201710203461 A CN201710203461 A CN 201710203461A CN 106797798 A CN106797798 A CN 106797798A
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cotton
live broadcast
short season
open field
cultivation method
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CN106797798B (en
Inventor
董合忠
代建龙
李维江
罗振
卢合全
徐士振
唐薇
张冬梅
李振怀
孔祥强
辛承松
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Shandong Cotton Research Center
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Shandong Cotton Research Center
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast.The method uses high-quality short season cotton kind, a vertical bed, open country precision drilling, quick-acting fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer combination single-dose application, the chemistry of planting of moisture creating, the machinery drive civil engineering of pouring water binds, concentrates the measures such as receipts flower, set up a kind of new cultivation mode, mitigate salt damage ensure cotton it is normal emerge and yield composition on the basis of, materialization and artificial input can effectively be reduced, agricultural chemicals and residual film pollution are reduced, is improved and is planted cotton comprehensive benefit.

Description

A kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coastal saline soil cotton cultural method, and in particular to using the spy that short season cotton breeding time is short Point, using the cultural method of short season cotton open country evening live replacement spring cotton film-covering planting.
Background technology
Spring cotton variety is generally planted in the ripe cotton field in Yellow River Delta Coastal salt-soda soil one, and its existing cultivation technique is proper seeding (mid or late April), intermediate density (paid 3500 plants/acre or so), covering with ground sheeting, repeatedly artificial pruning, receipts flower.This cultivation mould The shortcoming of formula is:Using cotton variety mid or late April in spring to sow must use covering with ground sheeting to improve the gentle mitigation salt damage in ground, and Application rate is increased, to ensure planting percent, but materialization input and plant protection number of times is easily caused and is increased, the knot bell phase spins out blow-of-cottons dispersion, many Secondary to receive flower, operational sequence is various, and artificial materialization input is big, and Plastic-film pollution is serious, plants cotton of poor benefits.
Open field live broadcast refers to the method for directly sowing seed in open country, and the medium non-salt-soda soil above of soil fertility can use open country It is live, but open field live broadcast spring cotton is used in beach saline land, on the one hand because Saline Alkali Stress be easily caused cotton emerge it is difficult, be short of seedling disconnected Ridge etc., on the other hand then not enough causes Boll Development not exclusively due to accumulated temperature, and then causes the cotton underproduction, thus cannot also at present Implement in beach saline land.
Short season cotton refers to the season of growth relatively short cotton new type, and the general time of infertility is within 120 days (than spring cotton Kind is short 10~15 days).Short season cotton sowing time elasticity is larger, both can summer sowing, can be sowed in late spring or early summer again, while with short Season cotton breeding level continuous improvement, it is existing at present that more breeding time is short, yield is high, quality better cotton variety is available, Thus there is good development prospect.
The present invention sets up a whole set of new beach saline land using short season cotton open country evening live replacement spring cotton film-covering planting Cultivation mode, it can effectively reduce materialization and artificial input, reduce agricultural chemicals and residual film pollution, improve and plant cotton comprehensive benefit.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast.The present invention is adopted With high-quality short season cotton kind, machinery drive civil engineering vertical kind of a bed, open country precision drilling, quick-acting fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer combination single-dose application, change Bind, concentrate the measures such as receipts flower, sets up a kind of new cultivation mode, ensures that cotton normally emerges and yield salt damage is mitigated On the basis of formation, materialization and artificial input can be effectively reduced, reduce agricultural chemicals and residual film pollution, improved and plant cotton comprehensive benefit.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast, its feature It is to comprise the following steps:
1) pour water moisture creating
Slight alkaline land of the salt content less than 0.3%, broadcasts preceding 10~15 days moisture creatings of pouring water, depending on every mu of soil moisture content water 50 ~80 cubic metres;
In salt content 0.3~0.7%, it is heavy salinized, broadcast first 15~20 days pressure salt of pouring water, every mu with water 120~150 Cubic meter;
2) scraping set up seed bed, sowing, fertilising, spray herbicide machinery once complete
May 15~25, using with the preposition seeding machinery (ZL200910209910.X) for scraping mamoty by 0~5cm tables Soil layer scrapes both sides and exposes soil moisture, forms seed bed (see accompanying drawing 1);
From the short season cotton kind (such as Shandong 54) of 105~110 days breeding times, using substantial full seed (germination percentage More than 80%), it is coated with imidacloprid suspension seed-coating agent after lint, open country machinery essence amount drilling or bunch planting, not lid mulch film, every mu of use Plant 1.25~1.5kg;
Every mu is applied NPK composite fertilizers (15:15:15) 50 ± 3kg, resin coated urea (acquisition time 90d, nitrogen content >= 40%) 15 ± 1kg is applied at 8~12cm of seed lower section at seeding time as base manure;
Every mu is watered the mixed soil of 50kg and sprays using the 100~150ml of trifluralin ec of herbicide 48% prior to seeding, in this base On plinth, after planting every mu is watered 40kg and sprays seed bed bis- times using 50% 120~150ml of Acetochlor;
Above-mentioned scraping, sowing, fertilising, spray herbicide machinery are once completed;
3) after planting manage
Not thinning, not final singling after emerging, 7000~9000 plants/acre of natural density of reserved seedlings, 5500~7500 plants of paid density/ Mu;
The time of infertility does not prune, and when July 3~10 or average every plant of effective fruit branch number 8~10, every mu sprays mepiquat chloride 4~5g, every mu sprays 8~10g again after 10 days, realizes that cotton is bound naturally, and plant height is controlled in 75~90cm;
4) harvest
October 15~25 is using manually or mechanically once receipts are spent.
For beach saline land, the present invention uses the light simplified cultivation method of short season cotton open field live broadcast and traditional spring cotton overlay film Implantation methods are compared, with advantages below:
1st, salt damage is mitigated, it is ensured that seedling.On the basis of pour water moisture creating and pressure salt, scraped by by salt content topsoil higher Seed bed is formed to both sides, it is ensured that cotton seed is under low-salt environment, be conducive to emerging, seedling.
2nd, plant, plumber's sequence simplifies, time and labour saving.Kind of a bed, sowing, fertilising, herbicide spraying will be set up once using machinery Complete, and combine and be coated cotton seed, composite fertilizer+coated carbamide and disposably position that base is applied and chemistry binds, eliminate thinning, final singling, Prune, pinch, topdressing, the link such as weeding, every mu of saving recruitment 5 or so.
3rd, without covering with ground sheeting, chemical medication is reduced.The open field live broadcast of May 15~25, now ground temperature is higher, without using Mulch film, it is to avoid residual film pollutes;Simultaneously because the season of growth shortens, medicament is coated in addition, saves prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control medication.
4th, bell is concentrated into, is easy to concentrate results.The characteristics of short season cotton breeding time is short, knot bell is concentrated determine its term of opening bolls compared with To concentrate, rational close planting and change in addition is controlled, and is realized and is once received flower.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of seed bed of the invention.As can be seen from the figure:Salt content topsoil higher is scraped Seed bed is formed to both sides.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
This experiment grinds 28 (spring cottons) and Shandong 54 (short season cotton) as test material with Shandong cotton, and wherein short season cotton Shandong 54 uses Bayer The skilful imidacloprid suspension seed-coating agent of the board 60% (per kilogram consumption 10ml) of height of company's production is coated.This was tested in 2015~2016 years Carry out in Dongying City Lijin County Wang Wa villages within continuous 2 years.Spring cotton mulch sowing, two kinds of cropping patterns of short season cotton open field live broadcast are set. It is repeated 3 times, totally 6 cells, plot area 50m2, planted using line-spacings such as 6 row areas, line-spacing 76cm.
Spring cotton is sowed respectively on April 24th, 2015 and on April 26th, 2016, using covering with ground sheeting;Every mu of spring minuteness degree 3500 plants, using thick training, and manually pinched on July 20th, 2015 and on July 18th, 2016.Apply fertilizer and other The preventing and treating such as disease, worm, crop smothering using local Routine Management, divides 4 times in (base manure), squaring period, initial bloom stage and Shengjing Town before sowing Fertilising;According to cotton field crop smothering, a situation arises is prevented and treated using repeatedly intertillage or the method for herbicide spraying.Point 3 people after blow-of-cottons Work receives flower, calculates total output.Count the materialization input of each treatment and use number, calculate economic benefit.
Short season cotton uses beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast respectively on May 21st, 2015 and on May 19th, 2016 Method is planted, specific as follows:1) pour water moisture creating:Respectively on May 8th, 2015 and the moisture creating of pouring water of on May 6th, 2016, every mu of use Water is respectively 60 and 75 cubic metres;2) scraping set up seed bed, sowing, fertilising, spray herbicide machinery once complete:It is sharp in advance Expose soil moisture with the deep topsoil of 5cm is scraped into both sides with the preposition seeding machinery (ZL200910209910.X) for scraping mamoty, Form seed bed, machinery essence amount drilling, not lid mulch film, every mu with planting 1.25~1.5kg;6500 plants every mu of short season cotton density, fertilizer Every mu of material applies composite fertilizer (15:15:15) 50kg+15kg coated carbamides (acquisition time 90d, nitrogen content >=40%) make base manure combination Sowing is disposable to apply seed lower section 10cm;The mixed soil of 50kg being watered using 48% trifluralin ec 120ml and spraying remove prior to seeding Careless agent, after planting every mu is watered 40kg and sprays seed bed for bis- times using 50% Acetochlor 120ml, and scraping, sowing, fertilising, spray are removed Careless agent machinery is once completed;3) managing after sowing:Not thinning, not final singling after emerging, respectively on July 4th, 2015 and in July, 2016 6 days using mepiquat chloride according to this method carry out chemical pruning (every mu sprays 4~5g of mepiquat chloride, after 10 days every mu spray 8 again~ 10g), realize that nature binds, plant height is controlled in 75~90cm.Other any training measures are not taken.Concentrate blow-of-cottons after respectively at On October 20th, 2015 and on October 21st, 2016 are spent using artificial disposable receipts, calculate total output.Count the materialization of each treatment Number is put into and used, economic benefit is calculated.
Result of the test is as shown in table 1 within 2 years.Result shows:Beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast simplified cultivation is more conventional Spring cotton plastic-film-covered cultivation has significant economy and ecological benefits.Compared with conventional spring cotton plastic-film-covered cultivation, the letter of short season cotton open field live broadcast Change cultivated cotton seedling stage aphid to occur relatively gently, without preventing and treating, and its seed cotton yield is suitable therewith.From materials cost and artificial input From the point of view of, short season cotton open field live broadcast simplified cultivation significantly reduces materialization and artificial input, the thing of 2015 compared with spring cotton plastic-film-covered cultivation Change and artificial reduction amplitude is respectively 46.1% and 40%, the reduction amplitude of 2016 is respectively 44.0% and 36.6%.It is comprehensive Consider the input and output under two kinds of cropping patterns, the net profit of short season cotton open field live broadcast simplified cultivation is improved, 2015 and The increase rate of 2016 is respectively 32.9% and 19.5%.In sum, promoted in Yellow River Delta Coastal salt-soda soil cotton field Short season cotton open field live broadcast simplified cultivation is feasible.
Influence of the different land use patterns of table 1 to output of cotton, artificial input and net profit
* net profit=(seed cotton yield × unginned cotton unit price)-(materialization input+artificial input);Materialization input include fertilizer, The inputs such as film, seed, plant protection and change control medicament;Artificial input includes sowing, plant protection, pinches, change control, receive the link recruitments such as flower. The unginned cotton unit price of wherein 2015 is calculated by 6.2 yuan/kg, and the unginned cotton unit price of 2016 is calculated by 7.6 yuan/kg.
Embodiment 2
1) pour water moisture creating
Salt content 0.55% heavy salinizedly, broadcast first 18 days pressure salt of pouring water, every mu with 140 cubic metres of water;
2) scraping set up seed bed, sowing, fertilising, spray herbicide machinery once complete
May 20, using with the preposition seeding machinery (ZL200910209910.X) for scraping mamoty by 0~5cm topsoil Scrape both sides and expose soil moisture, form seed bed (see accompanying drawing 1);
From short season cotton kind Shandong 54, using the substantial full seed of germination percentage more than 80%, with 60% pyrrole worm after lint Quinoline suspension seed-coating agent is coated, open country machinery essence amount drilling or bunch planting, not lid mulch film, and every mu with kind of a 1.3kg;
Every mu is applied NPK composite fertilizers (15:15:15) 50kg, resin coated urea (acquisition time 90d, nitrogen content >=40%) 15kg is applied at the 10cm of seed lower section at seeding time as base manure;
Every mu is watered the mixed soil of 50kg and sprays using the trifluralin ec 130ml of herbicide 48% prior to seeding, on this basis, After planting every mu is watered 40kg and sprays seed bed bis- times using 50% Acetochlor 130ml;
Above-mentioned scraping, sowing, fertilising, spray herbicide machinery are once completed;
3) after planting manage
Not thinning, not final singling after emerging, 7000~9000 plants/acre of natural density of reserved seedlings, 6800 plants/acre of paid density;
The time of infertility does not prune, and during average every plant of effective fruit branch number 8~10, every mu sprays 4~5g of mepiquat chloride, after 10 days Every mu sprays 8~10g again, realizes that cotton is bound naturally, and plant height is controlled in 75~85cm;
4) harvest
October 22 once received flower using machinery.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) pour water moisture creating
Slight alkaline land of the salt content less than 0.3%, broadcasts preceding 10~15 days moisture creatings of pouring water, and every mu with 50~80 cubic metres of water;
In salt content 0.3~0.7%, it is heavy salinized, broadcast first 15~20 days pressure salt of pouring water, every mu with 120~150 cubes of water Rice;
2) scraping set up seed bed, sowing, fertilising, spray herbicide machinery once complete
May 15~25, soil moisture, shape are exposed using 0~5cm topsoil is scraped into both sides with the preposition seeding machinery for scraping mamoty Into seed bed;
From the short season cotton kind of 105~110 days breeding times, it is coated with imidacloprid suspension seed-coating agent after seed lint, open country machine Tool essence amount drilling or bunch planting, not lid mulch film, every mu with planting 1.25~1.5kg;
Every mu is applied NPK 50 ± 3kg of composite fertilizer, 15 ± 1kg of resin coated urea as base manure, and seed lower section is applied at seeding time At 8~12cm;
Sprayed using the mixed soil of herbicide trifluralin prior to seeding, after planting spray seed bed using Acetochlor is secondary;
Above-mentioned scraping set up seed bed, sowing, fertilising, spray herbicide machinery once complete;
3) after planting manage
Not thinning, not final singling after emerging, control paid 5500~7500 plants/acre of density;
The time of infertility is not pruned, and mepiquat chloride is sprayed when July 3~10 or average every plant of effective fruit branch number 8~10, the after 10 days Spray for 2 times, realize that cotton is bound naturally, plant height is controlled in 75~90cm;
4) harvest
October 15~25 is using manually or mechanically once receipts are spent.
2. a kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, institute State step 2) N, P, K ratio of NPK composite fertilizers is 15:15:15.
3. a kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, institute State step 2) acquisition time of resin coated urea is 90d, nitrogen content >=40%.
4. a kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, institute State step 2) prior to seeding every mu be watered the mixed soil of 50kg using the 100~150ml of trifluralin ec of herbicide 48% and spray.
5. a kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, institute State step 2) after planting every mu be watered 40kg using 50% 120~150ml of Acetochlor and spray seed bed bis- times.
6. a kind of light simplified cultivation method of beach saline land short season cotton open field live broadcast as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, institute State step 3) the 1st amount of spraying of mepiquat chloride be every mu of 4~5g, the 2nd time the amount of spraying is every mu of 8~10g.
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