CN102715006A - Rice dry land pit type seedling culture method - Google Patents

Rice dry land pit type seedling culture method Download PDF

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CN102715006A
CN102715006A CN2012102280629A CN201210228062A CN102715006A CN 102715006 A CN102715006 A CN 102715006A CN 2012102280629 A CN2012102280629 A CN 2012102280629A CN 201210228062 A CN201210228062 A CN 201210228062A CN 102715006 A CN102715006 A CN 102715006A
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seedling
compartment
seedbed
seed
water
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徐富贤
熊洪
张�林
郭晓艺
朱永川
周兴兵
刘茂
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RICE AND SORGHUM INSTITUTE SICHUAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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RICE AND SORGHUM INSTITUTE SICHUAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a rice dry land pit type seedling culture method, which sequentially comprises seven operation steps of seedling bed selection, soil preparation and compartment forming, seedling bed fertilization and sterilization, seed treatment, seeding, weeding and film covering, and seedling bed management. In the soil preparation and compartment forming step, the compartment opening is carried out according to the compartment length being 1.8m and the compartment width being 1.2 to 1.3m, the width of a passage is 0.5 to 0.6m, the passage is 6 to 10cm higher than the compartment surface, and a water pumping mode can be adopted for irrigating the seedling bed. Compared with a compartment furrow type seedling culture method that the seedling bed can be irrigated only through the manual water carrying, the rice dry land pit type seedling culture method has the advantages that the work intensity of farmers is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the seedling culture method of firstly seeding and then watering is adopted during the seedling, the moisture preservation effect is good, and the sufficient saturation of the seedling bed soil moisture content can be realized through the water pumping irrigation, so the rice seeds sufficiently absorb moisture, the moisture requirement of the rice seeds after the seeding is ensured, the early and fast seedling emerging of the seeds is promoted, and the seedling emerging rate and the seedling emerging regularity of the rice seedlings are improved.

Description

Paddy rice drought ground pit type seedling-cultivating method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural plant cultivation field, particularly the upland nursery method of paddy rice.
Background technology
Paddy seedling culture method is divided into water educates with drought and educates two kinds, and paddy rice upland nursery method is that paddy rice water is educated replenishing of method, is to solve an additional measure of growing seedlings in the relatively poor area of water condition.Paddy rice upland nursery method from the beginning of the nineties since Sichuan Province's large tracts of land is promoted, played crucial effect to improving rice yield.But, dry seedling bed of rice ubiquity irregular, the problem such as emergence rate is low of emerging in large tracts of land is produced, thus a lot of places the situation that rice shoot plants inadequately occurs and happen occasionally.Therefore, it is fewer and feweri that non-irrigated seedling area is gone up in production at present, although a lot of place encourages the peasant to adopt paddy drought seedling through a large amount of subsidies that agricultural sector carries out seed, mulch film, fertilizer, enthusiasm is still not high.
The paddy rice upland nursery generally will select through the seedbed, whole do the railway carriage or compartment, foster and apply fertilizer in the seedbed and sterilization, seed treatment, sowing, weeding epiphragma, these 7 steps of seedbed management; Should select the seedbed that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, soil property is fertile for use, loose ventilative, water source vegetable field easily; The seedbed land used will be fixed simultaneously; Help improving the soil the land productivity of fostering and apply fertilizer.A kind of paddy rice upland nursery method of often using at present is railway carriage or compartment ditch formula seedling-cultivating method, and it is when doing the railway carriage or compartment, to grow 1.8 meters according to the railway carriage or compartment wholely, and the railway carriage or compartment is opened for wide 1.2~1.3 meters in the railway carriage or compartment; The aisle is wide 0.5~0.6 meter; Aisle earth is placed the railway carriage or compartment face, and railway carriage or compartment face 1 exceeds aisle 2 about 5~10 centimetres, and is as shown in Figure 1.Opening the seedling railway carriage or compartment according to railway carriage or compartment ditch formula transplants seedlings and grows seedlings; Need first manual work to carry water during sowing with the state of reaching capacity that waters of the bed soil in the seedling railway carriage or compartment; Just sow then, so not only strengthened peasant's the labour intensity of pouring water greatly, and usually influence the quality of emerging because pour water not enough.It is insufficient, inhomogeneous to be poured water in the seedbed, causes seed suction not enough or reach and want seeking time inconsistent, can occur finally that growing process differs greatly between the rice shoot individuality, even can not emerge inadequately because of absorbing water, so the problem irregular, that emergence rate is low of emerging.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention just is to the deficiency of existing method a kind of paddy rice upland nursery method to be provided, and it can alleviate peasant's labour intensity, improves the emergence rate of rice seedling and the regularity of emerging.
The present invention realizes through following method:
A kind of paddy rice drought ground pit type seedling-cultivating method; Comprise following operating procedure successively: the seedbed selects, whole do the railway carriage or compartment, foster and apply fertilizer in the seedbed and sterilization, seed treatment, sowing, weeding epiphragma, seedbed management; The seedbed selects that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, soil property is fertile for use, loose ventilative, water source vegetable field easily, it is characterized in that:
(1) do the railway carriage or compartment: by long 1.8 meters of railway carriage or compartment, the railway carriage or compartment is opened for wide 1.2~1.3 meters in the railway carriage or compartment, and the aisle is wide 0.5~0.6 meter, and the earth of getting railway carriage or compartment face 2~3 cm layer of soil places the aisle, and the aisle is higher than 6~10 centimetres in railway carriage or compartment face wholely;
(2) foster and apply fertilizer and sterilize in the seedbed: by every square metre of seedbed apply 5~10 kilograms of people and animals' liquid dung fertilizing soils that become thoroughly decomposed; With 1.25 kilograms of paddy drought seedling seedling strengthen agents and 20~25 kilograms of abundant mixings of thin bed soil of crossing the 5-7mm fine ga(u)ge screen, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in surface, 15~20 square metres of seedbeds;
(3) seed treatment:
A, bask seeds: rice paddy seed was basked seeds 1~2 day in the sun, and making its water content is about 13%, to improve germination vigor after planting;
B, seed selection: will shine good rice paddy seed and place the floating seed selection of clear water, the flat kind of floating in the removing, the treasured kind of pulling sedimentation out is as sowing with planting;
C, sterilization: will sow with kind placing thimerosal sterilization 24 hours, it is clean with flushing with clean water to pick up seed then, and thimerosal can form with carbendazim or strong chlorine oil dilution, and the concentration after the carbendazim dilution is 25%, and the concentration after the strong chlorine oil dilution is 1%;
D, seed soaking: the seed after will sterilizing places 20-25 ℃ clear water to soak 48~72 hours, changes water once in per 24 hours;
E, vernalization: the seed after the immersion places under 32-35 ℃ the temperature and to make the seed more than 95% grow gemma in vernalization 10-12 hour, and the seed that grows gemma becomes the powder mouth paddy of sowing usefulness;
(4) sowing: sow the evenly sowing of powder mouth paddy 150~180 grams by every square metre of seedbed; Be advisable to be no more than 4 powder mouth paddy for every square centimeter; After planting used the thin bed earth mulch kind of 5-7mm fine ga(u)ge screen, lid kind of thickness is 0.5-1cm, then the pumping irrigation seedbed; The water surface exceeds 3~5 centimetres in railway carriage or compartment face, after 1 hour water is discharged nature and falls dried;
(5) weeding epiphragma: convert the water spray weeding with non-irrigated seedling herbicides special, build the seedbed with plastic film;
(6) seedbed management:
A, seeding stage: do not take off film, keep the interior seedling bed temperature of film at 15-20 ℃, water content is 60-80%;
B, a leaf phase: keep the interior seedling bed temperature of film at 15-20 ℃, water content is 60-80%, when temperature in the shed surpasses 25 ℃, should open and cover film when two is cooled to 20 ℃ again;
C, two leaf stage: keep that seedling bed temperature is at 15-20 ℃ in the film, water content is 60-80%, during rice shoot length to 1.5~2.0 leaves, sprays the seedbed with 1,000 times of " fenaminosulf " solution;
D, tri-leaf period: keep the interior seedling bed temperature of film at 15-20 ℃; Water content is 60-80%; When rice shoot length during to 2.5 leaves every square metre convert 3 kilograms in water with urea 15~20 grams, potassium chloride 10 grams and evenly execute mist or sprinkle and execute, use the back and wash seedling with clear water, prevent the fertilizer rice shoot of burning.
Beneficial effect: paddy rice drought ground pit type seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, the railway carriage or compartment face is lower than the aisle, can adopt the mode of drawing water to irrigate the seedbed; Can only manual work carry water compared with railway carriage or compartment ditch formula seedling-cultivating method and to irrigate the seedbed, reduced peasant's labour intensity greatly, the present invention has simultaneously changed the mode that railway carriage or compartment ditch formula seedling-cultivating method waters earlier and afterwards sows; Adopt the seedling-cultivating method that after planting waters earlier, moistening effect is good, and pumping irrigation can make the moisture of nursery soil fully saturated; Thereby make rice paddy seed fully absorb moisture; Guaranteed that rice paddy seed after planting to the demand of moisture, promotes seed sprouting early and soon, improved the emergence rate of rice seedling and the regularity of emerging.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation in seedbed in the ditch formula seedling-cultivating method of railway carriage or compartment, paddy rice nonirrigated farmland;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation in seedbed in the paddy rice drought ground pit type seedling-cultivating method of the present invention.
Marginal data: 1, railway carriage or compartment face; 2, aisle.
Embodiment
The seedbed is selected: select that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, soil property is fertile for use, loose ventilative, water source vegetable field easily.
Paddy rice drought ground pit type seedling-cultivating method comprises following operating procedure successively:
(1) do the railway carriage or compartment: by long 1.8 meters of railway carriage or compartment, the railway carriage or compartment is opened for wide 1.2~1.3 meters in the railway carriage or compartment, and the aisle is wide 0.5~0.6 meter, and the earth of getting railway carriage or compartment face 2~3 cm layer of soil places the aisle, and the aisle is higher than 6~10 centimetres in railway carriage or compartment face wholely;
(2) foster and apply fertilizer and sterilize in the seedbed: by every square metre of seedbed apply 5~10 kilograms of people and animals' liquid dung fertilizing soils that become thoroughly decomposed; With 1.25 kilograms of paddy drought seedling seedling strengthen agents and 20~25 kilograms of abundant mixings of thin bed soil of crossing the 5-7mm fine ga(u)ge screen, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in surface, 15~20 square metres of seedbeds;
(3) seed treatment:
A, bask seeds: rice paddy seed was basked seeds 1~2 day in the sun, and making its water content is about 13%, to improve germination vigor after planting;
B, seed selection: will shine good rice paddy seed and place the floating seed selection of clear water, the flat kind of floating in the removing, the treasured kind of pulling sedimentation out is as sowing with planting;
C, sterilization: will sow with kind placing thimerosal sterilization 24 hours, it is clean with flushing with clean water to pick up seed then, and thimerosal can form with carbendazim or strong chlorine oil dilution, and the concentration after the carbendazim dilution is 25%, and the concentration after the strong chlorine oil dilution is 1%;
D, seed soaking: the seed after will sterilizing places 20-25 ℃ clear water to soak 48~72 hours, changes water once in per 24 hours;
E, vernalization: the seed after the immersion places under 32-35 ℃ the temperature and to make the seed more than 95% grow gemma in vernalization 10-12 hour, and the seed that grows gemma becomes the powder mouth paddy of sowing usefulness;
(4) sowing: sow the evenly sowing of powder mouth paddy 150~180 grams by every square metre of seedbed; Be advisable to be no more than 4 powder mouth paddy for every square centimeter; After planting used the thin bed earth mulch kind of 5-7mm fine ga(u)ge screen, lid kind of thickness is 0.5-1cm, then the pumping irrigation seedbed; The water surface exceeds 3~5 centimetres in railway carriage or compartment face, after 1 hour water is discharged nature and falls dried;
(5) weeding epiphragma: with non-irrigated seedling herbicides special for example " non-irrigated seedling is clean " convert the water spray weeding, build the seedbed with plastic film;
(6) seedbed management:
A, seeding stage: do not take off film, keep the interior seedling bed temperature of film at 15-20 ℃, water content is 60-80%;
B, a leaf phase: keep the interior seedling bed temperature of film at 15-20 ℃, water content is 60-80%.When temperature in the shed surpasses 25 ℃, should open and cover film when two is cooled to 20 ℃ again.
C, two leaf stage: keep the interior seedling bed temperature of film at 15-20 ℃, water content is 60-80%.During rice shoot length to 1.5~2.0 leaves, spray the seedbed with 1,000 times of " fenaminosulf " solution.
D, tri-leaf period: keep the interior seedling bed temperature of film at 15-20 ℃, water content is 60-80%.When rice shoot length during to 2.5 leaves every square metre convert 3 kilograms in water with urea 15~20 grams, potassium chloride 10 grams and evenly execute mist or sprinkle and execute, use the back and wash seedling with clear water.
Comparative trial: railway carriage or compartment, paddy rice nonirrigated farmland ditch formula seedling-cultivating method
Carry out the same field comparative trial of railway carriage or compartment ditch formula seedling-cultivating method and hole formula seedling-cultivating method in same vegetables field; Every kind of method fixed point 200 seeds of sowing in the area of 25cm * 25cm; Find the seedling number in transplanting end-of-term examination, calculate emergence rate, and add up the seedling number of each leaf age respectively.
Emergence rate computational methods:
Figure 693218DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Rice paddy seed is selected excellent 498, suitable fragrant excellent 1577, No. 1 three kinds of the excellent boat of II of II for use.
The result sees table one.
Figure 610359DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Result of the test shows: the ratio that 4-5 leaf seedling accounts for total seedling number in the formula seedling-cultivating method of hole is more than 2 times of railway carriage or compartment ditch formula seedling-cultivating method on average more than 80%; The emergence rate of hole formula seedling-cultivating method is up to more than 90%, and is higher 18 percentage points than railway carriage or compartment ditch formula seedling-cultivating method.Paddy rice drought ground pit type seedling-cultivating method therefore of the present invention can significantly improve the emergence rate of rice seedling and the regularity of emerging.
Paddy rice drought ground pit type seedling-cultivating method simultaneously of the present invention, the railway carriage or compartment face is lower than the aisle, can adopt the mode of drawing water to irrigate the seedbed, can only manual work carries water compared with railway carriage or compartment ditch formula seedling-cultivating method and irrigates the seedbed, has reduced peasant's labour intensity greatly.

Claims (1)

1. paddy rice drought ground pit type seedling-cultivating method; Comprise following operating procedure successively: the seedbed selects, whole do the railway carriage or compartment, foster and apply fertilizer in the seedbed and sterilization, seed treatment, sowing, weeding epiphragma, seedbed management; The seedbed selects that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, soil property is fertile for use, loose ventilative, water source vegetable field easily, it is characterized in that:
(1) do the railway carriage or compartment: by long 1.8 meters of railway carriage or compartment, the railway carriage or compartment is opened for wide 1.2~1.3 meters in the railway carriage or compartment, and the aisle is wide 0.5~0.6 meter, and the earth of getting railway carriage or compartment face 2~3 cm layer of soil places the aisle, and the aisle is higher than 6~10 centimetres in railway carriage or compartment face wholely;
(2) foster and apply fertilizer and sterilize in the seedbed: by every square metre of seedbed apply 5~10 kilograms of people and animals' liquid dung fertilizing soils that become thoroughly decomposed; With 1.25 kilograms of paddy drought seedling seedling strengthen agents and 20~25 kilograms of abundant mixings of thin bed soil of crossing the 5-7mm fine ga(u)ge screen, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in surface, 15~20 square metres of seedbeds;
(3) seed treatment:
A, bask seeds: rice paddy seed was basked seeds 1~2 day in the sun;
B, seed selection: will shine good rice paddy seed and place the floating seed selection of clear water, the flat kind of floating in the removing, the treasured kind of pulling sedimentation out is as sowing with planting;
C, sterilization: will sow with kind placing thimerosal sterilization 24 hours, it is clean with flushing with clean water to pick up seed then, and thimerosal can form with carbendazim or strong chlorine oil dilution, and the concentration after the carbendazim dilution is 25%, and the concentration after the strong chlorine oil dilution is 1%;
D, seed soaking: the seed after will sterilizing places 20-25 ℃ clear water to soak 48~72 hours, changes water once in per 24 hours;
E, vernalization: the seed after the immersion places under 32-35 ℃ the temperature and to make the seed more than 95% grow gemma in vernalization 10-12 hour, and the seed that grows gemma becomes the powder mouth paddy of sowing usefulness;
(4) sowing: sow the evenly sowing of powder mouth paddy 150~180 grams by every square metre of seedbed; Be advisable to be no more than 4 powder mouth paddy for every square centimeter; After planting used the thin bed earth mulch kind of 5-7mm fine ga(u)ge screen, lid kind of thickness is 0.5-1cm, then the pumping irrigation seedbed; The water surface exceeds 3~5 centimetres in railway carriage or compartment face, after 1 hour water is discharged nature and falls dried;
(5) weeding epiphragma: convert the water spray weeding with non-irrigated seedling herbicides special, build the seedbed with plastic film;
(6) seedbed management:
A, seeding stage: do not take off film, keep the interior seedling bed temperature of film at 15-20 ℃, water content is 60-80%;
B, a leaf phase: keep the interior seedling bed temperature of film at 15-20 ℃, water content is 60-80%, when temperature in the shed surpasses 25 ℃, should open and cover film when two is cooled to 20 ℃ again;
C, two leaf stage: keep that seedling bed temperature is at 15-20 ℃ in the film, water content is 60-80%, during rice shoot length to 1.5~2.0 leaves, sprays the seedbed with 1,000 times of " fenaminosulf " solution;
D, tri-leaf period: keep that seedling bed temperature is at 15-20 ℃ in the film, water content is 60-80%, when rice shoot length during to 2.5 leaves every square metre convert 3 kilograms in water with urea 15~20 grams, potassium chloride 10 grams and evenly execute mist or sprinkle and execute, use the back and wash seedling with clear water.
CN2012102280629A 2012-07-04 2012-07-04 Rice dry land pit type seedling culture method Pending CN102715006A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103098646A (en) * 2013-03-12 2013-05-15 重庆市农业技术推广总站 Method for intergrowth and seedling of grain crops and tuber crops
CN103947493A (en) * 2014-05-05 2014-07-30 中国水稻研究所 Method for raising rice seedlings in dryland substrates
CN105706808A (en) * 2016-01-27 2016-06-29 滁州市金成米业有限公司 Seedling cultivating method of Thai fragrant rice
CN105981621A (en) * 2015-05-19 2016-10-05 韦军龙 Early-rice dry seedling raising method
CN106212136A (en) * 2016-07-28 2016-12-14 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 A kind of rice varieties top soil ability authentication method
CN106472192A (en) * 2015-11-30 2017-03-08 湖南安邦新农业科技股份有限公司 A kind of strong sprout method of late rice machine transplanting of rice rice shoot
CN107242062A (en) * 2017-06-20 2017-10-13 乐山市奇能米业有限责任公司 A kind of paddy rice nursery method
CN107347535A (en) * 2017-08-02 2017-11-17 金寨县人海农业开发有限公司 One kind crushes rice husk rice seedling on upland field technology using the new matrix of rice
CN107567991A (en) * 2017-09-04 2018-01-12 平南县正达农业发展有限公司 A kind of paddy rice nursery method
CN107836159A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-03-27 陈崇权 Rapid preprocessing method before rice growing
CN108142230A (en) * 2017-12-30 2018-06-12 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 A kind of Shandong District spring rice nonirrigated farmland method for culturing seedlings

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
候伦俊等: "水稻旱地节水节肥育苗新技术", 《四川农业科技》 *
吴隆杰: "水稻旱地育秧栽培技术", 《农村经济与技术》 *
张岩: "北方水稻旱育苗关键技术措施", 《中国西部科技》 *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103098646A (en) * 2013-03-12 2013-05-15 重庆市农业技术推广总站 Method for intergrowth and seedling of grain crops and tuber crops
CN103947493A (en) * 2014-05-05 2014-07-30 中国水稻研究所 Method for raising rice seedlings in dryland substrates
CN105981621A (en) * 2015-05-19 2016-10-05 韦军龙 Early-rice dry seedling raising method
CN106472192A (en) * 2015-11-30 2017-03-08 湖南安邦新农业科技股份有限公司 A kind of strong sprout method of late rice machine transplanting of rice rice shoot
CN105706808A (en) * 2016-01-27 2016-06-29 滁州市金成米业有限公司 Seedling cultivating method of Thai fragrant rice
CN106212136B (en) * 2016-07-28 2019-06-21 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 A kind of rice varieties top soil ability identification method
CN106212136A (en) * 2016-07-28 2016-12-14 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 A kind of rice varieties top soil ability authentication method
CN107242062A (en) * 2017-06-20 2017-10-13 乐山市奇能米业有限责任公司 A kind of paddy rice nursery method
CN107347535A (en) * 2017-08-02 2017-11-17 金寨县人海农业开发有限公司 One kind crushes rice husk rice seedling on upland field technology using the new matrix of rice
CN107567991A (en) * 2017-09-04 2018-01-12 平南县正达农业发展有限公司 A kind of paddy rice nursery method
CN107836159A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-03-27 陈崇权 Rapid preprocessing method before rice growing
CN107836159B (en) * 2017-12-08 2021-08-10 福建省喜浪农业科技发展有限公司 Rapid pretreatment method before rice sowing
CN108142230A (en) * 2017-12-30 2018-06-12 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 A kind of Shandong District spring rice nonirrigated farmland method for culturing seedlings

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