CN106212136A - A kind of rice varieties top soil ability authentication method - Google Patents
A kind of rice varieties top soil ability authentication method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106212136A CN106212136A CN201610602820.7A CN201610602820A CN106212136A CN 106212136 A CN106212136 A CN 106212136A CN 201610602820 A CN201610602820 A CN 201610602820A CN 106212136 A CN106212136 A CN 106212136A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rice varieties top soil ability authentication method, it includes selecting the rice varieties for identifying top soil ability and corresponding rice paddy seed, the mass of 1000 kernel of metering rice paddy seed, rice paddy seed Steeping and budding processes, preparation lid kind soil, make sowing frame, uniformly sowing, lid kind, nursery, germinating energy investigation identifies the top soil ability of rice varieties with the step etc. calculating and pushing up soil capacity calculation, the present invention solves the problem selecting direct-seeding planting rice varieties not have concrete grammar, this authentication method qualification result is accurate, qualification time is short, labor intensity is low, appraisal cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the authentication method of a kind of ability of a kind of crops, be specifically related to rice varieties top soil ability and (break ground
Ability) authentication method.
Background technology
Oryza sativa L. is China's staple food crop, and its area, per unit area yield and total product all occupy first of cereal crops, for ensureing grain peace
Entirely lay a good foundation.After founding of New, China's Oryza sativa L. Planting Patterns is manually planted by single seedling and is inserted as main frame to Planting
Be inserted as auxiliary direction to develop, present Rice Cropping mode have manually transplant seedlings, machine rice transplantation and live three kinds of modes, still artificial with seedling
Planting area maximum, but waste time and energy and take a lot of work, production efficiency is relatively low.Along with peasant's job outlook changes, between twenty and fifty many points of labour force
Being distributed in coastal big and medium-sized cities and the tertiary industry, the labour force's aging trend being engaged in agricultural production is irreversible, and agricultural production is special
Not being that Rice Production technology simplifies in the urgent need to light, one is the technical need meeting aged labour force, and two is to improve Rice Production
Benefit needs.Therefore, following Rice Cropping one is to continue with expanding seedling machine rice transplantation scale, and two is to greatly develop direct sowing of rice
(artificial broadcast and machinery bunch planting) plantation, promotes Rice Production force-saving synergistic in two kinds of Rice Cropping modes.
Raising rice seedlings machinery insert planting patterns in developed area, rice district, northeast peace Yuanping City Ba Qu development very fast, and
District underdeveloped, hills area and mountain development are slower.Directly seeding rice mode proves through production practices, the most suitably educates
The area of planting patterns inserted by seedling machinery, and the hills of suitable for producing condition difference or mountain area, its force-saving synergistic effect is fairly obvious.
Directly seeding rice mode of production success or not, depends on whether Later Stage of Rice lodges, and rice lodging controls to depend on sowing
Time seed rice driving depth, it is how many that seed rice driving depth is directly connected to rice seedling, and then affects direct seading rice yielding Populations
Set up with lodge number.Owing to ecology is progressively recovered in recent years, during annual rice growing in spring, when being also Passeris montani saturati frequent activity.
It is also the effective ways preventing Passeris montani saturati from endangering enough deeply that seed rice enters mud.Therefore, the good rice varieties that top soil power is strong is selected, by it
It is sown in earth, is one of successful key technique of the direct seading rice mode of production.But, the most also there is no one
Can be used in identifying that the concrete grammar of rice varieties top soil ability, the Ministry of Agriculture and provincial Crop breed audit committee are in authorization
The most do not authorize during rice varieties top soil ability this, cause select for the rice varieties of direct-seeding planting time can only rely on warp
Test or introduce, the most unreliable waste also easily causing time and labour force.
Summary of the invention
The problem being not have specifically chosen method when selecting direct-seeding planting rice varieties to be solved by this invention, this
The bright authentication method of a kind of rice varieties top soil ability that provides, for selecting direct-seeding planting rice varieties, uses this authentication method
Qualification result accurate, qualification time is short, labor intensity is low, appraisal cost is low.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of rice varieties top soil ability authentication method,
Comprise the following steps:
S1: select at least one rice varieties and corresponding rice paddy seed, the thousand of metering rice paddy seed of top to be identified soil ability
Grain weight；
Here, the rice varieties authorized through the Ministry of Agriculture or provincial Crop breed audit committee is selected, it is desirable to plant height is the shortest,
Large spike in spike of rice, yield is high, and rice quality is excellent, strong stress resistance, suitable local ecological condition.It addition, select to be used for pushing up soil energy
The rice paddy seed that power is identified, every 1000 is 1 part, each kind 3 parts, claims every 1000 weight with electronics Libra, 3 parts of weight
Meansigma methods is this rice varieties mass of 1000 kernel.The each kind that need to identify the most according to said method calculates its mass of 1000 kernel.
S2: selected rice paddy seed is done Steeping and budding process and makes rice paddy seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
Here, selected rice paddy seed is done Steeping and budding and processes, make the rice paddy seed of more than 95% show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
S3: preparation lid kind soil.
Here, selecting lid kind soil, be fritter by lid kind soil breaking, after air-drying, crushing is fine particle, then screens out big
After granule standby.
S4: make sowing frame, arranges multiple independent kind cave, it is desirable to sowing frame bottom surface is water-tight, does not leak soil in sowing frame；
Here, make sowing frame, multiple independent kind cave is set according to actual needs in sowing frame, it is desirable to sowing frame bottom surface is not leaked
Water, does not leak soil.
S5: sowing frame is placed into selected sowing position, the rice paddy seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in selecting step S2, uniform broadcasting
In the kind cave of sowing frame.
S6: after having sowed, the lid kind soil lid kind got ready by step S3, nursery.
S7: when in sowing frame, the rice seed germination of at least one rice varieties is emerged and highly reached the grain number of 0.5-1cm
When reaching the 15%-25% of this kind of total Seeding Quantity of rice paddy seed, add up the number of emerging that each rice varieties is corresponding；According to single water
What rice varieties was corresponding emerge, and number calculates the germinating energy of this kind rice paddy seed, and its computing formula is: germinating energy=number/sowing of emerging
Grain number × 100%.
S8: calculating the top soil ability of each rice varieties, its computing formula is: top soil ability=mass of 1000 kernel × germinating energy.
Here, with the product Representative Cultivars top of kind mass of 1000 kernel (nutritional amt index) Yu kind germinating energy (trophoplasm index)
Soil ability, product value is the biggest, represents that top soil ability is the strongest.Computing formula is as follows: kind top soil ability=kind mass of 1000 kernel × kind
Germinating energy.
More preferably, the rice paddy seed that step S1 selects requires full seed.
More preferably, the Steeping and budding of step S2 processes and includes:
S21: selected rice paddy seed is basked seeds, decontamination, ghost and blighted grain are clean with disinfectant solution sterilization afterflush；
S22: the rice paddy seed rinsed well is placed in the clear water of 20-25 DEG C immersion 48～72 hours, changes water one in every 24 hours
Secondary；
S23: the rice paddy seed after soaking is placed in accelerating germination 10-12 hour at a temperature of 32-35 DEG C.
More preferably, the lid kind soil of step S3 is medium loam, and soil grades is below 100 mesh.
More preferably, the sowing frame of step S4 is wooden frame, and is provided with and is coated on wooden frame bottom surface and is fixed on moulding of wooden frame side
Material film.
More preferably, sowing position and select leeward, ventilate in step S5, printing opacity is good, has water source, convenient operation, air
Humidity is at 65%-75%, and temperature is in the place of 20 DEG C-30 DEG C.
More preferably, the rice paddy seed quantity broadcasted sowing in sowing each kind of cave of frame in step S5 is identical.
More preferably, in step S6, it is thick that the lid kind soil first got ready by step S3 once covers the lid kind planted to reaching to set
Degree；Then lid kind soil being carried out spraying makes it wet through；When the drenched sinking of lid kind soil, continuation step S3 is got ready
Lid kind soil filling-in repeatedly is to ensure that reality lid kind thickness reaches the lid kind thickness set；According to lid kind soil moisture during nursery
Situation moisturizing is to keep lid kind ground moistening.
More preferably, the described lid kind thickness set allows within ± 10% as 3cm, thickness error.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: with when selecting direct-seeding planting rice varieties now, experience or introduction can only be relied on
The method selected from the Ministry of Agriculture with the rice varieties of provincial crop varietal approval committee is compared, and the invention provides
A kind of rice varieties top soil ability authentication method, the method is passed through to select for identifying that the rice varieties pushing up soil ability is with corresponding
Rice paddy seed, the mass of 1000 kernel of metering rice paddy seed, rice paddy seed Steeping and budding processes, preparation lid kind soil, makes sowing frame, all
Even sowing, covers and plants, nursery, and germinating energy investigation identifies the top soil ability of rice varieties with calculating and push up the steps such as native capacity calculation,
Solving the problem selecting direct-seeding planting rice varieties the most effectively to differentiate its top soil capability approach, this authentication method has qualification
Result is accurate, time saving and energy saving, cost-effective, good in economic efficiency advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be more clearly understood from the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect, below the present invention is done into one
The explanation of step, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in the examples below.
The invention discloses a kind of rice varieties top soil power authentication method, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) for identifying that the direct-seeding planting rice varieties of top soil ability prepares:
Select the rice varieties authorized through the Ministry of Agriculture or provincial Crop breed audit committee, it is desirable to plant height is the shortest, spike of rice
Middle large spike, yield is high, and rice quality is excellent, strong stress resistance, suitable local ecological condition.
(2) metering rice paddy seed mass of 1000 kernel:
Selecting the plump seed for pushing up soil ability identification of species, every 1000 is 1 part, and each kind 3 parts claims with electronics Libra
Every 1000 weight, the meansigma methods of 3 parts of weight is this kind mass of 1000 kernel.The each kind identified is needed the most according to said method to calculate it
Mass of 1000 kernel.
(3) rice paddy seed processes:
The rice paddy seed that preparation is used for pushing up soil ability qualification is first basked seeds, and after decontamination, ghost and blighted grain, disappears with disinfectant solution
Poison afterflush is clean, then is placed in the clear water of 20-25 DEG C immersion 48～72 hours, within every 24 hours, changes water once, the kind after immersion
Son is placed in accelerating germination 10-12 hour at a temperature of 32-35 DEG C, makes the seed of more than 95% show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and is advisable.
(4) the lid kind soil that soil ability in rice varieties top is identified prepares:
Select medium loam, be broken for fritter, then natural air drying.Again wind desiceted soil is crushed, make fine particle.Finally use
100 mesh screen, standby after removing bulky grain.
(5) the sowing frame identified prepares:
With wide 3cm, thick 1cm batten, make internal diameter width 32cm, thick 3 cm, the wooden frame that length determines according to actual needs.Again at frame
Inside make the kind cave of 10 cm × 10 cm, often 3 kind caves of row, indicate for 3 repetitive identified of same rice varieties, such as following table:
| Kind 1 | Kind 2 | Kind 3 | Kind 4 | Kind 5 | …… | |
| I | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | …… |
| II | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | …… |
| III | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | …… |
(6) rice paddy seed sowing to be identified:
By one, upper berth, cement flooring plastic foil, the length and width of plastic foil all ratios sow the wide of frame.Then will be ready for
The rice varieties of seed treatment is identified and carried out to top soil ability, and 50, the seed that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally is chosen in each kind of cave, uniform broadcasting in
Plant in cave；Each kind broadcasts 3 kind caves.
(7) the rice paddy seed blinding identified:
It is ready for pushing up soil ability and identifies rice varieties the most after planting, by (4) ready soil lid kind.Lid kind requirement is intended to
Fill up each kind of cave, and to cover even.Finally bottom plastic film is lifted up, follows closely on wooden frame with drawing pin.
(8) rice paddy seed identified waters:
After building soil, power driven mist blower water tank is filled clean water, slowly lid kind soil is sprayed.Spraying can not be too fast,
Too fast water can overflow wooden frame.3-4 time to be sprayed, wet through as degree with lid kind soil.To sink after lid kind soil is drenched, need
With lid kind soil filling-in, to ensure that sowing thickness is as 3cm.Later according to lid kind soil moisture situation moisturizing, remain that lid kind is wet
Profit is advisable.
(9) authentication method is to environmental requirement:
Identifying that place should select, leeward, to ventilate, printing opacity is good, has water source, the place of convenient operation to carry out；Humidity is left 70%
The right side, temperature is at about 25 DEG C.
(10) identify that rice varieties germinating energy is investigated:
After planting, this rice varieties is reached when the germination having any one rice varieties height of emerging for the grain number of 0.5-1cm
Total Seeding Quantity 20% time, to 1 number of emerging of each Varietal Investigation for identifying.1 number is investigated in each kind of cave of each kind
According to, the data of 3 kind caves investigation are recorded respectively, and the average of 3 kind cave data is averagely emerged number as this kind.Germinating energy meter
Calculation formula is as follows:
Germinating energy (%)=kind is averagely emerged number/Seeding Quantity × 100%
(11) identification of species top soil capacity calculation:
With the product Representative Cultivars top soil power of kind mass of 1000 kernel (nutritional amt index) Yu kind germinating energy (trophoplasm index), product value
The biggest, represent that top soil ability is the strongest.Computing formula is as follows:
Kind top soil power=kind mass of 1000 kernel × germinating energy
(12) rice varieties top soil power determines:
Kind mass of 1000 kernel is the biggest with the product value of kind germinating energy, represents Oryza sativa L. top soil ability the strongest.
Embodiment 1:
2015 with 52 rice varieties such as green excellent 104, the D excellent 642, the most excellent 1015 in excellent 132, river excellent 105, interior, Jiangxi and morals excellent 132,
Method as described in previous embodiment is verified, is setting under the conditions of blinding 3 cm thick, germinating energy and mass of 1000 kernel,
Plant height, stem are thick, Seedling dry weight and germination percentage be all in notable or pole significant correlation.Wherein mass of 1000 kernel reflection provides nutrition how many, germinates
Gesture then reflects offer nutritional quality.Emergence rate reaches significant level with the dependency of top soil power, and correlation coefficient is 0.3300.52 water
Rice varieties top soil power has 8 kinds more than 3, accounts for 15.4%；Top soil power has 41 kinds in 2～3, accounts for 78.8%；Top soil power is less than 2
3 kinds, account for 5.8%.Show that 52 kind majority kinds have by force or push up more by force soil, but deposit between the soil power kind of kind top
In larger difference.
Embodiment 2:
, rivers excellent 4091 excellent 4109 with an ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast in 2016 and 28 rice varieties such as interior excellent 4004, as described in previous embodiment
Method test, set blinding 3cm thick.Emergence rate reaches pole significant level with the dependency of top soil power, and correlation coefficient is
0.7600.Top soil power has 13 kinds more than 3, accounts for 46.4%；Top soil power has 3 kinds in 2～3, accounts for 10.7%；Top soil power is less than
12 kinds of 2, account for 42.9%.Show that 28 kind majority kinds have by force or relatively strong top soil power, but kind top soil power kind it
Between there is larger difference.Experimental result trend is consistent with experimental result in 2015.
Sowing test 1:
2015, carry out production practices inspection with the high-grade rice ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast excellent 132 identifying top soil power stronger.Test sets 2 process,
Processing one is that the existing sowing of existing rake now ploughed by rotary cultivator, and seed rice enters mud more than 2 centimetres, and processing two is, after rotary cultivator is ploughed and harrowed a field, to treat mud
Sowing after precipitation, seed rice is exposed to field mud table again.One leaf wholeheartedly investigates emergence rate, processes an emergence rate 85.5%, processes two emergence rates
Being 88.3%, two leaf emergence differences are inconspicuous.
Sowing test 2:
2016, carry out sowing test with the high-grade rice ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast excellent 132 and more weak bright excellent 642 identifying top soil power stronger.Examination
Testing the identical planting conditions of employing, seed rice enters mud more than 2 centimetres.One leaf wholeheartedly investigates emergence rate, the high-quality that top soil power is stronger
Excellent 132 emergence rate 82.9 % of an Oryza sativa L. ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast, bright excellent 642 emergence rates pushing up soil power more weak are 60.1%, and two kind emergence rate differences are bright
Aobvious.
Claims (9)
1. a rice varieties top soil ability authentication method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1: select at least one rice varieties and corresponding rice paddy seed, the thousand of metering rice paddy seed of top to be identified soil ability
Grain weight；
S2: selected rice paddy seed is done Steeping and budding process and makes rice paddy seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
S3: preparation lid kind soil；
S4: make sowing frame, arranges multiple independent kind cave, it is desirable to sowing frame bottom surface is water-tight, does not leak soil in sowing frame；
S5: sowing frame is placed into selected sowing position, the rice paddy seed showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in selecting step S2, and uniform broadcasting is being broadcast
Plant in the kind cave of frame；
S6: after having sowed, the lid kind soil lid kind got ready by step S3, nursery；
S7: when in sowing frame, the rice seed germination of at least one rice varieties is emerged and highly reached the grain number of 0.5-1cm and reach
During the 15%-25% of this kind of total Seeding Quantity of rice paddy seed, add up the number of emerging that each rice varieties is corresponding；According to single Oryza sativa L. product
Planting corresponding number of emerging and calculate the germinating energy of this kind rice paddy seed, its computing formula is: germinating energy=number/Seeding Quantity of emerging
×100%；
S8: calculating the top soil ability of each rice varieties, its computing formula is: top soil ability=mass of 1000 kernel × germinating energy.
Rice varieties top the most according to claim 1 soil ability authentication method, it is characterised in that described step S1 selects
Rice paddy seed requires full seed.
Rice varieties top the most according to claim 1 soil ability authentication method, it is characterised in that the immersion of described step S2
Accelerating germination processes and includes:
S21: selected rice paddy seed is basked seeds, decontamination, ghost and blighted grain are clean with disinfectant solution sterilization afterflush；
S22: the rice paddy seed rinsed well is placed in the clear water of 20-25 DEG C immersion 48～72 hours, changes water one in every 24 hours
Secondary；
S23: the rice paddy seed after soaking is placed in accelerating germination 10-12 hour at a temperature of 32-35 DEG C.
Rice varieties top the most according to claim 1 soil ability authentication method, it is characterised in that the lid kind of described step S3
Soil is medium loam, and soil grades is below 100 mesh.
Rice varieties top the most according to claim 1 soil ability authentication method, it is characterised in that the sowing of described step S4
Frame is wooden frame, and is provided with and is coated on wooden frame bottom surface and is fixed on the plastic foil of wooden frame side.
Rice varieties top the most according to claim 1 soil ability authentication method, it is characterised in that sow in described step S5
Position selects leeward, ventilates, and printing opacity is good, has water source, and convenient operation, air humidity is at 65%-75%, and temperature is at 20 DEG C-30
DEG C place.
Rice varieties top the most according to claim 1 soil ability authentication method, it is characterised in that sow in described step S5
The rice paddy seed quantity broadcasted sowing in each kind of cave of frame is identical.
Rice varieties top the most according to claim 1 soil ability authentication method, it is characterised in that in step S6, first use
The lid kind soil that step S3 is got ready once covers the lid kind thickness planted to reaching setting；Then lid kind soil being carried out spraying makes it complete
Portion drenches；When the drenched sinking of lid kind soil, the lid kind soil filling-in repeatedly that continuation step S3 is got ready is to ensure reality lid kind
Thickness reaches the lid kind thickness set；According to lid kind soil moisture situation moisturizing to keep lid kind ground moistening during nursery.
Rice varieties top the most according to claim 8 soil ability authentication method, it is characterised in that the lid kind of described setting is thick
Degree is 3cm, and thickness error allows within ± 10%.
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| CN106212136B (en) | 2019-06-21 |
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