CN106212136B - A kind of rice varieties top soil ability identification method - Google Patents
A kind of rice varieties top soil ability identification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106212136B CN106212136B CN201610602820.7A CN201610602820A CN106212136B CN 106212136 B CN106212136 B CN 106212136B CN 201610602820 A CN201610602820 A CN 201610602820A CN 106212136 B CN106212136 B CN 106212136B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rice varieties top soil ability identification methods, it includes selection for identifying the rice varieties and corresponding rice paddy seed that push up native ability, measure the mass of 1000 kernel of rice paddy seed, the processing of rice paddy seed Steeping and budding, preparation lid kind soil, production sowing frame, uniformly sowing, lid kind, nursery, the top soil ability of germinating energy investigation and the identification rice varieties such as the step of calculating and push up native capacity calculation, the present invention solves the problems, such as that selection direct-seeding planting rice varieties do not have specific method, the identification method qualification result is accurate, qualification time is short, labor intensity is low, appraisal cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of a kind of identification methods of ability of crops, and in particular to rice varieties top soil ability (is broken ground
Ability) identification method.
Background technique
Rice is China's staple food crop, and area, per unit area yield and total yield occupy first of cereal crops, to ensure grain peace
It lays a good foundation entirely.After founding of New, China's rice Planting Patterns are manually planted to Planting from single seedling is inserted as host
It is inserted as auxiliary direction to develop, present Rice Cropping mode has three ways, such as manually to transplant seedlings, machine rice transplantation and live streaming, still artificial with seedling
Plant area maximum, but it is time-consuming and laborious take a lot of work, production efficiency is lower.As peasant's job outlook changes, more points of between twenty and fifty labour
It is distributed in coastal big and medium-sized cities and the tertiary industry, the labour's aging trend being engaged in agricultural production is irreversible, and agricultural production is special
It is not Rice Production technology there is an urgent need to gently simplify, first is that meeting the technical need of aged labour, second is that improving Rice Production
Benefit needs.Therefore, the following Rice Cropping one, which is to continue with, expands seedling machine rice transplantation scale, second is that greatly developing direct sowing of rice
(artificial broadcast and mechanical bunch planting) plantation, promotes Rice Production force-saving synergistic in a manner of two kinds of Rice Croppings.
Raising rice seedlings machinery is inserted planting patterns and is developed comparatively fast in developed area, northeast rice region peace Yuanping City Ba Qu, and
Area underdeveloped, hills area and mountain development are slower.Directly seeding rice mode is proved through production practices, is not only suitable for educating
Seedling machinery inserts the area of planting patterns, and the hills or mountain area of suitable for producing condition difference, force-saving synergistic effect are fairly obvious.
Whether directly seeding rice production method success or not, lodge depending on Later Stage of Rice, and rice lodging control depends on sowing
When seed rice driving depth, how much seed rice driving depth be directly related to rice seedling, and then influences direct seading rice yielding Populations
Establish with lodge number.Since ecology is gradually restored in recent years, when annual spring rice growing and when sparrow frequent activity.
It is also the effective ways for preventing sparrow from endangering that seed rice enters mud deeply enough.Therefore, the strong good rice varieties of native power are pushed up in selection, by it
It is sown into soil, is one of successful key technique of direct seading rice production method.But up to the present there are no one kind
It can be used in identifying the specific method of rice varieties top soil ability, the Ministry of Agriculture and the provincial Crop breed audit committee are authorizing
When rice varieties also without authorization push up native ability this, causing can only be by warp when selection is used for the rice varieties of direct-seeding planting
It tests or introduces, it is both unreliable or be easy to cause time and the waste of labour.
Summary of the invention
To be solved by this invention is this hair the problem of not being specifically chosen method when selecting direct-seeding planting rice varieties
A kind of bright identification method for providing rice varieties top soil ability uses the identification method for selecting direct-seeding planting rice varieties
Qualification result it is accurate, qualification time is short, labor intensity is low, appraisal cost is low.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of rice varieties top soil ability identification method,
The following steps are included:
S1: selection at least one rice varieties and corresponding rice paddy seed to be identified for pushing up native ability measure rice paddy seed
Mass of 1000 kernel;
Here, the rice varieties authorized through the Ministry of Agriculture or the provincial Crop breed audit committee are selected, it is desirable that plant height
Partially short, large spike in spike of rice, yield is high, and rice quality is excellent, and resistance is strong, is suitable for locality ecological condition.In addition, selection is for pushing up
The rice paddy seed of native ability identification, every 1000 are 1 part, and 3 parts of each kind claims every 1000 weight, 3 parts of weights with electronics Libra
The average value of amount is the rice varieties mass of 1000 kernel.The each kind that need to be identified according to said method calculates its mass of 1000 kernel.
S2: selected rice paddy seed, which is done Steeping and budding processing, makes rice paddy seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
Here, the rice paddy seed selected is done into Steeping and budding processing, 95% or more rice paddy seed is made to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
S3: preparation lid kind soil.
Here, lid kind soil breaking is fritter by selection lid kind soil, and crushing is fine particle after air-drying, then is screened out big
It is spare after particle.
S4: multiple independent kind of caves are arranged in sowing frame, it is desirable that sowing frame bottom surface is water-tight, does not leak soil in production sowing frame;
Here, multiple independent kind of caves are arranged in sowing frame according to actual needs in production sowing frame, it is desirable that sowing frame bottom surface
It is water-tight, do not leak soil.
S5: sowing frame is placed into selected sowing position, the rice paddy seed to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in selecting step S2, uniform broadcasting
In the kind cave of sowing frame.
S6: after the completion of sowing, the lid kind soil lid kind got ready with step S3, nursery.
S7: when the rice seed germination emergence height of at least one rice varieties in sowing frame reaches the grain number of 0.5-1cm
When reaching the 15%-25% of the total Seeding Quantity of this kind of rice paddy seed, the corresponding number of emerging of each rice varieties is counted;According to single water
The corresponding number of emerging of rice varieties calculates the germinating energy of the kind rice paddy seed, its calculation formula is: germinating energy=number of emerging/sowing
Grain number × 100%.
S8: calculating the top soil ability of each rice varieties, its calculation formula is: push up native ability=mass of 1000 kernel × germinating energy.
Here, with the product Representative Cultivars top of kind mass of 1000 kernel (nutrition figureofmerit) and kind germinating energy (trophoplasm index)
Native ability, product value is bigger, indicates that the native ability in top is stronger.Calculation formula is as follows: kind top soil ability=kind mass of 1000 kernel × kind
Germinating energy.
More preferably, the rice paddy seed of step S1 selection requires full seed.
More preferably, the Steeping and budding of step S2, which is handled, includes:
S21: selected rice paddy seed is basked seeds, decontamination, ghost and blighted grain, is washed with disinfection liquid disinfectant backlash dry
Only;
S22: the rice paddy seed rinsed well is placed in 20-25 DEG C of clear water and is impregnated 48~72 hours, is changed within every 24 hours
Water is primary;
S23: vernalization 10-12 hours at a temperature of the rice paddy seed after immersion is placed in 32-35 DEG C.
More preferably, the lid kind soil of step S3 is medium loam, and soil grades is 100 mesh or less.
More preferably, the sowing frame of step S4 is wooden frame, and is equipped with the modeling for being coated on wooden frame bottom surface and being fixed on wooden frame side
Expect film.
More preferably, position selection is sowed in step S5 leeward, is ventilated, light transmission is good, there is water source, facilitates operation, air
Humidity is in 65%-75%, place of the temperature at 20 DEG C -30 DEG C.
More preferably, it is identical that the rice paddy seed quantity broadcasted sowing in each of frame kind of cave is sowed in step S5.
More preferably, in step S6, it is thick to the lid kind for reaching setting that the lid kind soil got ready first with step S3 once covers kind
Degree;Then it is made to wet through by spraying in lid kind soil;When lid kind of wet soil is sunk, continue to be got ready with step S3
Lid kind of soil repeatedly filling-in to guarantee that practical lid plants the lid kind thickness that thickness reaches setting;According to lid kind soil moisture during nursery
Situation moisturizing is to keep lid kind ground moistening.
More preferably, the lid kind of the setting allows within ± 10% with a thickness of 3cm, thickness error.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: experience or introduction can only be relied on when with present selection direct-seeding planting rice varieties
The method selected from the Ministry of Agriculture and the rice varieties of provincial crop varietal approval committee is compared, the present invention provides
A kind of rice varieties top soil ability identification method, this method is by selection for identify the rice varieties and accordingly for pushing up native ability
Rice paddy seed, measures the mass of 1000 kernel of rice paddy seed, the processing of rice paddy seed Steeping and budding, and preparation lid kind soil makes sowing frame,
Even sowing, lid kind, nursery, germinating energy investigation with calculate and push up native capacity calculation and etc. identification rice varieties top soil ability,
Solve the problems, such as that selection direct-seeding planting rice varieties do not identify it effectively and push up native capability approach, which has identification
As a result accurate, time saving and energy saving, save the cost, good in economic efficiency advantage.
Specific embodiment
In order to which the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and beneficial effect is more clearly understood, the present invention is done into one below
The explanation of step, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in the examples below.
The invention discloses a kind of rice varieties top soil power identification methods, method includes the following steps:
(1) for identifying that the direct-seeding planting rice varieties for pushing up native ability prepare:
Selecting the rice varieties authorized through the Ministry of Agriculture or the provincial Crop breed audit committee, it is desirable that plant height is partially short,
Large spike in spike of rice, yield is high, and rice quality is excellent, and resistance is strong, is suitable for locality ecological condition.
(2) rice paddy seed mass of 1000 kernel is measured:
The plump seed for pushing up native ability identification of species is selected, every 1000 are 1 part, 3 parts of each kind, with electronics day
Scale claims every 1000 weight, and the average value of 3 parts of weight is the kind mass of 1000 kernel.The each kind for needing to identify according to said method is counted
Calculate its mass of 1000 kernel.
(3) rice paddy seed is handled:
The rice paddy seed for preparing to be used to push up native ability identification is first basked seeds, after decontamination, ghost and blighted grain, with disinfection
It is rinsed well after liquid disinfectant, then is placed in 20-25 DEG C of clear water and impregnates 48~72 hours, it is primary to change within every 24 hours water, after immersion
Seed be placed in 32-35 DEG C at a temperature of vernalization 10-12 hours, so that 95% or more seed is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally is advisable.
(4) the lid kind soil of rice varieties top soil ability identification prepares:
Medium loam is selected, is broken for fritter, then natural air drying.Wind desiceted soil is crushed again, makes fine particle.Most
Afterwards with 100 mesh screens, remove spare after bulky grain.
(5) the sowing frame of identification prepares:
With wide 3cm, thick 1cm batten is made into the wide 32cm of internal diameter, 3 cm of thickness, the wooden frame of length determine according to actual needs.Again
The kind cave of the cm of 10 cm × 10 is made into frame, 3 kinds of caves of every row are 3 repetitive identifieds of same rice varieties, such as following table mark
Show:
Kind 1 | Kind 2 | Kind 3 | Kind 4 | Kind 5 | …… | |
I | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | …… |
II | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | …… |
III | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | 10cm×10cm | …… |
(6) rice paddy seed to be identified sowing:
Plastic foil is opened on cement flooring upper berth one, the length and width of plastic foil is all wider than sowing frame.Then will prepare
It carries out pushing up native ability identification and has carried out the rice varieties of seed treatment, each kind of cave, which is chosen, to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally 50, seed, uniformly spreads
It is sowed in kind of cave;Each kind broadcasts 3 kinds of caves.
(7) the rice paddy seed blinding identified:
It is ready for pushing up native ability identification rice varieties all after planting, with (4) ready soil lid kind.Lid kind requires
It is to fill up each kind of cave, and to cover even.Finally bottom plastic film is lifted up, with drawing pin nail on wooden frame.
(8) the rice paddy seed watering identified:
After covering soil, power driven mist blower water tank is filled into clean water, slowly lid kind soil is sprayed.It by spraying cannot mistake
Fastly, too fast water can overflow wooden frame.It to be generally sprayed 3-4 times, be wet through with lid kind soil as degree.To sink after lid kind soil is drenched,
It needs with kind of a native filling-in is covered, to guarantee sowing with a thickness of 3cm.Later according to the native moisture situation moisturizing of lid kind, lid kind is remained
It is wet to be advisable.
(9) identification method is to environmental requirement:
Identification place should select ventilate leeward, and light transmission is good, there is water source, facilitate the place progress of operation;Humidity exists
70% or so, temperature is at 25 DEG C or so.
(10) identification rice varieties germinating energy investigation:
After planting, when the grain number that the germination emergence height for having any rice varieties is 0.5-1cm reaches the rice
The total Seeding Quantity of kind 20% when, to 1 number of emerging of each Varietal Investigation for identification.Investigate 1 in each kind of cave of each kind
The data of data, the investigation of 3 kinds of caves are recorded respectively, and the average of 3 kinds of cave data is averaged number of emerging as the kind.Germinating energy
Calculation formula is as follows:
Germinating energy (%)=kind is averaged number of emerging/Seeding Quantity × 100%
(11) identification of species top soil capacity calculation:
With the product Representative Cultivars top soil power of kind mass of 1000 kernel (nutrition figureofmerit) and kind germinating energy (trophoplasm index),
Product value is bigger, indicates that the native ability in top is stronger.Calculation formula is as follows:
Kind top soil power=kind mass of 1000 kernel × germinating energy
(12) soil power in rice varieties top determines:
Kind mass of 1000 kernel and the product value of kind germinating energy are bigger, and it is stronger to represent rice top soil ability.
Embodiment 1:
With Jiangxi, excellent 105, interior excellent 132, river is green excellent 104 within 2015, D is excellent 642, suitable 52 rice such as excellent 1015 and moral excellent 132
Kind is verified by method described in previous embodiment, under the conditions of setting 3 cm thick of blinding, germinating energy and thousand
Grain weight, plant height, stem thickness, seedling stem weight are in significant or extremely significant related to germination percentage.How much wherein mass of 1000 kernel reflection provides nutrition,
Germinating energy then reflects offer nutritional quality.Emergence rate reaches the level of signifiance, related coefficient 0.3300 with the correlation for pushing up native power.52
A rice varieties top soil power, which is greater than 3,8 kinds, accounts for 15.4%;Pushing up native power has 41 kinds 2~3, accounts for 78.8%;Push up native power
3 kinds less than 2, account for 5.8%.Showing 52 kind majority kinds has strong or relatively strong top soil, but kind top soil power kind it
Between there are larger differences.
Embodiment 2:
2016 with an ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast excellent 4109, river excellent 4091 and interior excellent 4004 etc. 28 rice varieties, by previous embodiment
The method is tested, and setting blinding 3cm is thick.Emergence rate reaches extremely significant level, related coefficient with the correlation for pushing up native power
It is 0.7600.Pushing up native power has 13 kinds greater than 3, accounts for 46.4%;Pushing up native power has 3 kinds 2~3, accounts for 10.7%;It is small to push up native power
In 2 12 kinds, 42.9% is accounted for.Show that 28 kind majority kinds have the native power in strong or relatively strong top, but kind top soil power kind
Between there are larger differences.Experimental result trend is consistent with experimental result in 2015.
Sowing test 1:
2015, production practices inspection was carried out with the native stronger high-grade rice ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast excellent 132 of power in top is identified.Test sets 2
Processing, first is that rotary cultivator now ploughs the existing sowing of existing rake, seed rice enters mud more than 2 centimetres for processing, after processing is second is that rotary cultivator arable land harrows a field, to
It is sowed again after mud sediment, seed rice is exposed to field mud table.One leaf wholeheartedly investigates emergence rate, handles an emergence rate 85.5%, and processing two goes out
Seedling rate is 88.3%, and two leaf emergence differences are unobvious.
Sowing test 2:
2016, sowing examination was carried out with the stronger high-grade rice ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast excellent 132 of the native power in top and weaker bright excellent 642 is identified
It tests.Test uses identical planting conditions, and seed rice enters mud more than 2 centimetres.One leaf wholeheartedly investigates emergence rate, and it is stronger to push up native power
Excellent 132 emergence rate, 82.9 % of a high-grade rice ancient type of banner hoisted on a featherdecked mast, pushing up weaker bright excellent 642 emergence rate of native power is 60.1%, and two kind emergence rates are poor
It is different obvious.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of rice varieties top soil ability identification method, which comprises the following steps:
S1: selection at least one rice varieties and corresponding rice paddy seed to be identified for pushing up native ability measure the thousand of rice paddy seed
Grain weight;
S2: selected rice paddy seed, which is done Steeping and budding processing, makes rice paddy seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
S3: preparation lid kind soil;
S4: multiple independent kind of caves are arranged in sowing frame, it is desirable that sowing frame bottom surface is water-tight, does not leak soil in production sowing frame;
S5: sowing frame is placed into selected sowing position, the rice paddy seed to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in selecting step S2, uniform broadcasting is being broadcast
In the kind cave of kind frame;
S6: after the completion of sowing, the lid kind soil lid kind got ready with step S3, nursery;
S7: when the grain number that the rice seed germination emergence height of at least one rice varieties in sowing frame reaches 0.5-1cm reaches
When the 15%-25% of the total Seeding Quantity of this kind of rice paddy seed, the corresponding number of emerging of each rice varieties is counted;According to single rice product
The corresponding number of emerging of kind calculates the germinating energy of the kind rice paddy seed, its calculation formula is: germinating energy=number of emerging/Seeding Quantity
×100%;
S8: calculating the top soil ability of each rice varieties, its calculation formula is: push up native ability=mass of 1000 kernel × germinating energy.
2. soil ability identification method in rice varieties top according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S1 selection
Rice paddy seed requires full seed.
3. soil ability identification method in rice varieties top according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the immersion of the step S2
Vernalization is handled
S21: selected rice paddy seed is basked seeds, decontamination, ghost and blighted grain, with disinfection liquid disinfectant backlash wash clean;
S22: the rice paddy seed rinsed well is placed in 20-25 DEG C of clear water and is impregnated 48~72 hours, changes water one within every 24 hours
It is secondary;
S23: vernalization 10-12 hours at a temperature of the rice paddy seed after immersion is placed in 32-35 DEG C.
4. soil ability identification method in rice varieties top according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lid kind of the step S3
Soil is medium loam, and soil grades is 100 mesh or less.
5. soil ability identification method in rice varieties top according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sowing of the step S4
Frame is wooden frame, and is equipped with the plastic foil for being coated on wooden frame bottom surface and being fixed on wooden frame side.
6. soil ability identification method in rice varieties top according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sowed in the step S5
Position selection is ventilated, light transmission is good, there is water source, facilitates operation, air humidity is in 65%-75%, and temperature is at 20 DEG C -30 leeward
DEG C place.
7. soil ability identification method in rice varieties top according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sowed in the step S5
The rice paddy seed quantity broadcasted sowing in each of frame kind cave is identical.
8. soil ability identification method in rice varieties top according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S6, use first
The lid kind soil that step S3 is got ready once covers kind to the lid kind thickness for reaching setting;Then made it complete by spraying in lid kind soil
Portion is drenched;When lid kind of wet soil is sunk, continue the lid kind soil got ready with step S3 repeatedly filling-in to guarantee that practical lid is planted
Thickness reaches the lid kind thickness of setting;According to lid kind soil moisture situation moisturizing to keep lid kind ground moistening during nursery.
9. soil ability identification method in rice varieties top according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the lid kind of the setting is thick
Degree is 3cm, and thickness error allows within ± 10%.
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