CN107242062A - A kind of paddy rice nursery method - Google Patents
A kind of paddy rice nursery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107242062A CN107242062A CN201710467603.6A CN201710467603A CN107242062A CN 107242062 A CN107242062 A CN 107242062A CN 201710467603 A CN201710467603 A CN 201710467603A CN 107242062 A CN107242062 A CN 107242062A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- WHHIPMZEDGBUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N probenazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OCC=C)=NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 WHHIPMZEDGBUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 13
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 13
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004894 snout Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005532 trapping Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 241000186046 Actinomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001530056 Athelia rolfsii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKPQYKBIAFGWBT-KAMYIIQDSA-N [(Z)-18-hydroxyoctadec-9-en-7-yl] acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C\C=C/CCCCCCCCO)OC(C)=O YKPQYKBIAFGWBT-KAMYIIQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation, specially a kind of paddy rice nursery method.This method comprises the following steps：1）Bed soil prepares；2）Seed preparation；3）Seedbed preparation；4）Sowing 5）Rice shoot is managed；6）The heart of 3 leaf of rice shoot standard leaf age 1,12~20cm of height of seedling, stem foot is wide to be not less than 2mm, 12~15/seedling of radical.Using this method seedling, it is healthy and strong, disease-free without miscellaneous that it sows uniform, emerge neat, well developed root system, cauline leaf.The seedling time is short, 5 days more early than conventional seedling or so.Operation is reduced for follow-up plantation paddy rice management, pest and disease damage is reduced, per mu yield increase.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation, specially a kind of paddy rice nursery method.
Background technology
Jingyan County is under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Province Leshan, positioned at Southwest Sichuan Basin, is Leshan east door, with Renshou,
The ground such as Qingshen, Rong County, Qianwei County, Wu Tongqiao, Shizhong District border on.From the Nian Zhi counties of Christian era 553,840.53 squares of public affairs of whole county territory area
In, have jurisdiction over 27 small towns, population about 420,000 (2013).Jingyan County be typical case in, shallow hills landforms, 697 meters of highest height above sea level is minimum
344 meters of height above sea level, category middle subtropical zone moist climate region.
Because Jingyan County's spring, summer drought are more frequent, therefore, to seize the opportunity and rob water and transplant seedlings, strive early planting early hair, it is to avoid meet with
Meet " washing one's hands dry ", and according to rational close planting such as seedling raising method, rice field fertility level and length of time rice seedlings grow sizes, carry out standardized cultivation.
Under conditions of the middle fertility of rice field, paddy field with ponded water in winter Transplanting Density should plant 1.2 ten thousand nests up to mu, and double strains are planted；First-class fertility field, mu is planted
1.0 ten thousand nests or so.Using triangular spacing mode, 5-6 cuns of strain, line-spacing.Basic Seedling is in the seedlings of 6-8 ten thousand.
The mineral element such as paddy rice normal growth and development, required absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, silicon, manganese, zinc.Various members
Element respectively has its specific function, it is impossible to be substituted for each other；A great number of elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium required for paddy rice all one's life, often produce double centner
Paddy need to from soil 1.6-2.5 kilograms of absorbed nitrogen, 0.6-1.3 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide be 1.4-3.1 kilograms, nitrogen：
Phosphorus：Potassium=1：0.5：1.3.
Rice seedling bed generally accounts for 1/4-1/3 given birth to entirely, and the 1/2 of vegetative growth phase, therefore seedling quality is rice high yield
Important foundation.
The content of the invention
The present invention is based on solving above technical problem there is provided a kind of method of raising seedling, and the method for raising seedling is simple to operate, goes out
Seedling is neat, well developed root system, cauline leaf are healthy and strong, disease-free without miscellaneous.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of paddy rice nursery method, it comprises the following steps：
1) bed soil prepares
Select vegetable garden soil, dry land soil, paddy soils or the silt soil of curing as bed soil, then carry out machinery or half manipulator
Duan Jinhang hacks, sieve, mix fertilizer, forming that acid-base value is suitable, pH value is 5~6 Nutrition Soil；Cultivating every mu of crop field seedling need to prepare enough
The ㎏ of Nutrition Soil 100.Described paddy soils will select soil plough horizon deep, fertile, and transparent performance is good, pH value 5.5-8, organic matter
1.2%--2%, with preferable retain water and nutrients ability.
Should select to seedbed it is leeward on the sunny side, fertile soil, the nonirrigated farmland that management is convenient, irrigation condition is good, preferably vegetable field
With old seedling bed, it is impossible to select sandy soil and stone frame soil.Deficient bed soil is turned within 3-5 days prior to seeding, and railway carriage or compartment, embedded railway carriage or compartment face 4.5- are opened by 6 chis
5 chis, the high 3-5 in railway carriage or compartment side cuns (dry field 4-6 cuns), railway carriage or compartment length is no more than 2.5 zhang, with profit cooling and temperature adjustment, regulating the qi flowing in the channels, and seedling railway carriage or compartment is long, refining
Temperature is very bad during seedling declines, the easy excessive growth of rice shoot.High-quality is applied by every 1 square zhang of seedbed before sowing to become thoroughly decomposed cleaning up excrement water 80-
100 kilograms, rake is very little with the drenched bed soil 3-4 of clear water again in burying, it is impossible to apply chemical fertilizer, plant ash and the organic fertilizer not become thoroughly decomposed.
2) seed preparation
Variety selection：Selection is adapted to high-quality, high yield, the kind of strong stress resistance of local plantation by authorization, and double cropping of rice should
Select the kind that breeding time is suitable.Seed is prepared enough according to different cultivars in every mu of crop field.By seed through choosing seeds, basking seeds, de- awns, medicament
Seed soaking, cleaning, vernalization, dehumidification processing, " broken chest shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally " of mechanical planting, the bud length of sowing is no more than 2mm by hand.By every
The 3 jin of plans of jin dry-raised nurse coated rice seed, i.e., 1：3 ratio.Seed rice is put into clear water before being coated and soaks 24 hours or so (notes
Meaning changes water), pull seed rice (not vernalization) out, filter off moisture, when drying to most of seed-grain skin whitening, i.e., seed is put into basin,
Seed coat agent, the stirring of side bevelling are poured slowly into again, it is ensured that be coated uniform, subsequent palpus sowing in time (being no more than 1 hour).After planting use
0.5 centimetre of fine earth lid kind, and blinding is squirted with watering can or sprayer, then tile one layer of old film, then built epiphragma heat and moisture preserving,
Finally raticide is put in film surrounding to kill mouse.
3) seedbed preparation
Select irrigation and drainage, fortune seedling convenient, be easy to the field of management to do rice seedling bed (or greenhouse seedbed).According to rice seedling bed and crop field 1:
100 or so ratio prepares enough rice seedling bed.Seedbed specification is furrow face wide about 140cm, seedling furrow width about 25cm, deep about 15cm, surrounding furrow width
About 30cm, deep about 25cm；Seedbed plate face reaches " real, flat, light, straight ".
4) sow
In order to ensure standardization seedling quality, it is ensured that sowing is uniform, it is neat to emerge, preferably using machinery or half mechanical planting side
Method.
Technological process is：Seedling carrier → dress bed soil → watering → sowing → earthing is laid, according to the length of time rice seedlings grow of the suitable machine transplanting of rice,
Time backward inference method Suitable Sowing Period is planted with reference to local routine.Seedling carrier has floppy disk, hard disk and has hole mulch film.According to different paddy rice
Kind, every mu of machine transplanting of rice crop field is 15~25 floppy disks or hard disk；Prepare long 5m, width by every mu of crop field if using double film seedling
Wide 1.5m's has hole mulch film, and pitch-row is 2 × 3cm, 2~3mm of aperture.
Different carriers are laid according to Different Raising Seedling mode.Soft (hard) disk is closely thrown on seedbed.Double film seedling will be punched
Plastic film mulching is on seedbed, and surrounding is fixed with batten, to control bed soil thickness.
Bed soil, soil layer thickness 2cm, surfacing are laid on seedling carrier, and bed soil moisture is reached that saturation state is laggard
Row sowing；Standardization seedling needs precision drilling.According to kind and local agriculture requirement, suitable application rate is selected, it is desirable to sow
Accurately, uniformly, weigh do not leak.Double film seedling are due to wanting stripping and slicing trimming, and sowing quantity is slightly above plate seedling raising.Earthing is after planting wanted, is covered
Soil thickness is 0.3~0.5cm；It is advisable with loseing bud paddy.
According to local climate condition, take capping straw after shed or covering agricultural film and carry out temperature control seedling.
5) rice shoot is managed
Vertical seedling stage heat and moisture preserving, fast budding, tidy seedlings output.General temperature control is 30 DEG C, during more than 35 DEG C, should take off film drop
Temperature.Relative humidity is more than 80%；Run into heavy rain, timely draining, it is to avoid seedbed ponding.
Film hardening is taken off when rice shoot is unearthed 2cm, film principle is taken off：By part to all gradually taking off, fine day is taken off at dusk, on the cloudy day
Noon takes off, and is taken off before light rain rain, is taken off after heavy rain rain.When daily mean temperature is less than 12 DEG C, film should not be taken off；
Greenhouse rice nursery hardening temperature, daytime is controlled at 20~25 DEG C, aeration-cooling more than 25 DEG C；Cover in the evening when being less than 12 DEG C
Film seedling-protection.
Water and fertilizer management notes first wet rear dry, before rice shoot tri-leaf period, keeps disk soil or bed soil moistening non-whitening.Controlled before transplanting
Water, promotes rice shoot packing to be good for always.
Impose wean fertilizer in time according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings and send and transfer fertilizer.A situation arises according to pest and disease damage for seeding stage, carries out preventing and controlling.
Meanwhile, it should often pull out hybrid strain and weeds, it is ensured that rice shoot purity.
6) rice shoot standard
Rice shoot selection well developed root system, that height of seedling is suitable, stem is sturdy, leaf endures color is green, uniform neat.Specific standards are：Leaf age 3
The heart of leaf 1,12~20cm of height of seedling, stem foot is wide to be not less than 2mm, 12~15/seedling of radical.
The Chemical Mixed Fertilizer that in described Nutrition Soil prepared by the raw material containing following parts by weight：10-15 parts of rice straw fermentate,
10-30 parts of bacteria residue, 20-15 parts of microbial germ powder, 5-15 parts of rice bran, 0.5-2 parts of probenazole, 35-45 parts of inorganic fertilizer.Institute
The microbial germ powder stated is potent by bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bifidocaterium, actinomyces, Bacillus natto, many plants of saccharomycete
Probioticses are constituted, and its effective flora is not less than 20,000,000,000/gram.Microbial germ powder can also use Application No.
201210322741.2 described in microorganism fungus kind prepare.The bacterium powder it is great quickly with amount reproduction ability and extremely strong aerobic
Degradable fermented ability.
The preparation method of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer described above is：
A, fermentation, weigh raw material in proportion, then mix bacteria residue with rice bran, microbial germ powder and 10-30 parts of water
Uniformly, spontaneous fermentation 15 days is carried out in compost；The height of compost is 0.5-0.8m, the wide 1-2m of heap, the long 5- of heap during fermentation
10m。
B, mixing, by the fermentate in rice straw fermentate, step A, probenazole and inorganic fertilizer mixing are equal
It is even, produce Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.
Paddy rice nursery method is further comprising the steps of：
Raising rice seedlings mode decides the harvest of paddy rice.Using dry rice seedling or covering with ground sheeting seedling.Base must be used sufficient first
Fertilizer, general every mu is applied Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 800-1000kg.Seedling growth to a leaf wholeheartedly when, every mu impose Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 60kg promote rice shoot
Growth.
Transplant every mu of or so the last week and apply Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 1500-2000kg, plant ash 100-200kg, harrowed a field after uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields
Enter mud；After transplanting 15-20 days every mu impose Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 100-150kg, with promote tiller reach increasing fringe purpose；The middle and late growth stage
Depending on growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 20-30kg, or foliage-spray humic acid solution can be applied, it is ensured that the later stage does not take off fertilizer.
Have receipts without being received in water ", sufficient water source, good water quality are the essential conditions of high-grade rice production.Therefore, it is excellent
Matter Rice Production must ensure water source, and be free of contamination clean water.Construction criteria farm field irrigation drainage facility, reaches simultaneously
The requirement that drought can be filled, flood can be arranged.And natural rainfall is utilized as far as possible, the efficiency of irrigation water, water-saving irrigation technique of carrying out in an all-round way are improved,
To drop low water usage cost, rice quality is improved.Water starch management is carried out according to Rice Growing process.
Shallow water is transplanted seedlings, very little water is turned green, the enough dry fields of thin moisture tiller, seedling, very little water promote the strong seed of fringe, moistening " water management skill,
It is the important technical links of rice high yield stable yields.It can reach that paddy rice early survives, early tiller, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, improve plant
Comprehensive resistance ability, the purpose increase the yield per unit area.
Field face will keep certain water depth during rice transplanting, when can prevent from transplanting fall seedling and plant dehydration it is excessive and
Generation wilting phenomenon.The depth of water layer should be grasped according to rice shoot flexible in size, the depth of water with flooded after transplanting seedlings plant three/
One or so is advisable.
Be in the stage of turning green in 7-8 days after rice transplanting, this phase rice field be unable to water shortage, to prevent wilting, be unfavorable for
Survive.This phase Soil surface water layer should maintain 3-3.5 cms and be advisable.
Thin moisture tiller:Tillering stage is put into after rice striking root, in order to promote early growth and quick tiller, well developed root system, plant
Robust growth, field water layer can so improve water temperature and mud temperature preferably keeping 1.5-2.0 cms, increase day and night temperature,
And make the illumination of plant base portion sufficient, it is that paddy rice early growth and quick tiller creates good growing environment.
The enough dry fields of seedling:Water air dry field should be just removed when tiller reaches 80% or so of the effective fringe of scheduled target, to control nothing
The generation of tiller is imitated, the percentage of earbearing tiller is improved.
Very little water promotees fringe:Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage has been put into (during the kind jointing having) after paddy rice jointing, has been that paddy rice needs in life
In water most period, water shortage should be avoided.This phase with keep Soil surface water layer have 2-3 cms preferably.
The strong seed of moistening:Paddy rice entered after the pustulation period, needed also exist for supplying moisture, but excess moisture can supply oxygen in soil
Deficiency, reduces root activity, causes leaf presenility, influences raising and the rice quality of mass of 1000 kernel.The water management of this phase should be adopted
With the irrigation method of interval, to keep ground moistening to be advisable.
Paddy field with ponded water in winter paddy rice main diseases and insect pests have：Rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, snout moth's larva etc..Scientific application of irrigation can reduce pest and disease damage：
Paddy rice entered after tillering stage, using wet-shallow irrigation technology, strictly controls water depth, prevents that deep water is basined irrigation, and field of drying in the air in time leads to
Gas, promotes root system development, prevents early ageing, and the field number of times that dries in the air is no less than 3 times, improves Rice Resistance characteristic of disease and resistance, reduces disease hair
It is raw.
Rational close planting：It is long according to Rice Growing Leaf ageeourse adjusting and controlling rice on the basis of field basic seedling amount is ensured
Gesture, prevents that envelope row is too early, field closing, humidity is increased, and reduces Rice Resistance characteristic of disease.
Remove weeds：Remove the weeds in rice field, Chi Geng and neighbouring wasteland in time, and the broken stubble of slag on Chi Geng etc.,
Field permeability is improved, pathogen source is reduced, reduces disease.
Fitness and disease prevention：The work of paddy rice fitness and disease prevention is carried out, vegetative growth phase foliage spray humic acid leaf fertilizer promotes nutrition
Based on growth；Reproductive stage is promoted based on eary maturity of rice based on phosphorus, potassium, siliceous fertilizer.Prevent use nitrogen content big after heading
Micro- fertilizer, is advocated using micro- fertilizer such as foliage silicon fertilizer, boron fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesiums.
Seed processing technology：Basked seeds before sowing 1-2 days；Soaked seed 48 hours with 1% limewash, pick up and sowed after drying, subtracted
Few pathogeny bacterium.During shoot transplanting equipment, first with 1% lime water logging seedling 2-3 hours.Using yellow plate, solar insect-killing light, frequency ventilating type insecticidal
The insect-killing trappings such as lamp.Using rice-duck farming pattern, every mu is put in a suitable place to breed duck 10 or so.It is withered that line is controlled using the spray of jinggangmycin solution
Disease.Utilize the insects such as gyplure trapping snout moth's larva.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) uniform, emerge neat, well developed root system, cauline leaf, are sowed healthy and strong, disease-free without miscellaneous.
(2), the seedling time is short, 5 days more early than conventional seedling or so.
(3) operation, is reduced for follow-up plantation paddy rice management, pest and disease damage is reduced, per mu yield increase.
(4) sowing quantity, is saved.
Embodiment
In order that present disclosure easily facilitates understanding, below in conjunction with embodiment to heretofore described
Technique is further elaborated.But the scope that this should not be interpreted as to above-mentioned theme of the invention is only limitted to following embodiments.
% in present specification, unless otherwise specified, represents wt%.
A kind of paddy rice nursery method, comprises the following steps：
1) bed soil prepares
Select paddy soils as bed soil, then carry out hack, sieve, mix fertilizer, form the Nutrition Soil that pH value is 5~6；Cultivate
Every mu of crop field seedling need to prepare enough the ㎏ of Nutrition Soil 100.The Chemical Mixed Fertilizer that in described Nutrition Soil prepared by the raw material containing following parts by weight：
10-15 parts of rice straw fermentate, 10-30 parts of bacteria residue, 20-15 parts of microbial germ powder, 5-15 parts of rice bran, probenazole 0.5-
2 parts, 35-45 parts of inorganic fertilizer.Bacteria residue is the discarded object after planting edible mushroom, including mushroom bacteria residue, flat mushroom bacteria residue etc..Rice bran
In contain a variety of nutriments such as nitrogen, phosphorus element, potassium.The preparation method of rice straw fermentate is：Rice straw is divided into
2-3cm, then with feces of livestock and poultry (butt) in mass ratio 1:1 20-40 days gained of mixing stack retting.Inorganic fertilizer can be using urine
The conventional inorganic fertilizer such as element, MAP or potassium chloride.The preparation method of the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer is：
A, fermentation, weigh raw material in proportion, are then well mixed bacteria residue with rice bran, probiotics and 10-30 parts of water,
Spontaneous fermentation 15 days is carried out in compost；The height of compost is 0.5-0.8m, the wide 1-2m of heap, the long 5-10m of heap during fermentation.
B, mixing, by the fermentate in rice straw fermentate, step A, probenazole and inorganic fertilizer mixing are equal
It is even, produce Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.
2) seed preparation
Variety selection：Selection is adapted to high-quality, high yield, the kind of strong stress resistance of local plantation；By seed through seed selection, solarization
Plant, take off awns, Medicament soaked seed, cleaning, vernalization, dehumidification processing, the bud length of sowing is no more than 2mm by hand；
3) seedbed preparation
Seedbed specification is the wide 140cm of furrow face, seedling furrow width 25cm, depth 15cm, surrounding furrow width 30cm, depth 25cm；
4) sow
Every mu of machine transplanting of rice crop field is 15~25 floppy disks or hard disk；Prepare length by every mu of crop field if using double film seedling
5m, breadth 1.5m have a hole mulch film, and pitch-row is 2 × 3cm, 2~3mm of aperture；
Bed soil, soil layer thickness 2cm, surfacing are laid on seedling carrier, and bed soil moisture is reached that saturation state is laggard
Row sowing；Earthing is after planting wanted, thickness of earth covering is 0.3~0.5cm；
5) rice shoot is managed
Vertical seedling stage heat and moisture preserving, temperature is 30 DEG C, and relative humidity is 80%；
Film hardening is taken off when rice shoot is unearthed 2cm；When daily mean temperature is less than 12 DEG C, film should not be taken off；
Greenhouse rice nursery hardening temperature, control on daytime is in 20~25 DEG C, epiphragma seedling-protection when be less than 12 DEG C in the evening；
6) rice shoot standard
Rice shoot selection well developed root system, that height of seedling is suitable, stem is sturdy, leaf endures color is green, uniform neat.Specific standards are：Leaf age 3
The heart of leaf 1,12~20cm of height of seedling, stem foot is wide to be not less than 2mm, 12~15/seedling of radical.
The more traditional method of raising seedling of the embodiment economizes on fertile 20-30%, more traditional rice cultivation method per mu yield
Increase production 200kg or so.
Embodiment 1：
Seedling is carried out using the method for raising seedling in embodiment, and subsequently planted using the method for traditional rice cultivation
Step, investigates Chemical Mixed Fertilizer to seedling and the influence of final rice yield, base selection is XX villages of Jingyan County seedling base, specifically
It the results are shown in Table one：
Table one
Although the present invention is elaborated by embodiment to it, this professional ordinary skill
Personnel should be understood that any form without departing from claims made on this basis and the change of details,
Belong to invention which is intended to be protected.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of paddy rice nursery method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）Bed soil prepares
Select vegetable garden soil, dry land soil, paddy soils or the silt soil of curing as bed soil, then carry out hack, sieve, mix fertilizer, shape
Into the Nutrition Soil that pH value is 5 ~ 6；
2）Seed preparation
Variety selection：Selection is adapted to high-quality, high yield, the kind of strong stress resistance of local plantation；By seed through choosing seeds, basking seeds, take off
Awns, Medicament soaked seed, cleaning, vernalization, dehumidification processing, the bud length of sowing is no more than 2mm by hand；
3）Seedbed preparation
Seedbed specification is the wide 140cm of furrow face, seedling furrow width 25cm, depth 15cm, surrounding furrow width 30cm, depth 25cm；
4）Sowing
Every mu of machine transplanting of rice crop field is 15~25 floppy disks or hard disk；Prepare long 5m, width by every mu of crop field if using double film seedling
Wide 1.5m's has hole mulch film, and pitch-row is 2 × 3cm, 2 ~ 3mm of aperture；
Bed soil, soil layer thickness 2cm, surfacing are laid on seedling carrier, and bed soil moisture is reached after saturation state and is broadcast
Kind；Earthing is after planting wanted, thickness of earth covering is 0.3~0.5cm；
5）Rice shoot is managed
Vertical seedling stage heat and moisture preserving, temperature is 30 DEG C, and relative humidity is 80%；
Film hardening is taken off when rice shoot is unearthed 2cm；When daily mean temperature is less than 12 DEG C, film should not be taken off；
Greenhouse rice nursery hardening temperature, control on daytime is in 20 ~ 25 DEG C, epiphragma seedling-protection when be less than 12 DEG C in the evening；
6）Rice shoot standard
Rice shoot selection well developed root system, that height of seedling is suitable, stem is sturdy, leaf endures color is green, uniform neat.
2. paddy rice nursery method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Nutrition Soil need to be prepared enough by cultivating every mu of crop field seedling
100㎏。
3. paddy rice nursery method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Rice shoot selection well developed root system, height of seedling be suitable,
Stem is sturdy, leaf endures that color is green, uniform neat, and specific standards are：The heart of 3 leaf of leaf age 1,12~20cm of height of seedling, stem foot is wide to be not less than
2mm, 12~15/seedling of radical.
4. paddy rice nursery method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that containing following parts by weight in described Nutrition Soil
Chemical Mixed Fertilizer prepared by raw material：10-15 parts of rice straw fermentate, 10-30 parts of bacteria residue, 20-15 parts of microbial germ powder, rice bran 5-15
Part, 0.5-2 parts of probenazole, 35-45 parts of inorganic fertilizer.
5. paddy rice nursery method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The preparation method of the Chemical Mixed Fertilizer is：
A, fermentation, weigh raw material in proportion, are then well mixed bacteria residue with rice bran, microbial germ powder and 10-30 parts of water,
Spontaneous fermentation 15 days is carried out in compost；
B, mixing, by the fermentate in rice straw fermentate, step A, probenazole and inorganic fertilizer are well mixed, i.e.,
Obtain Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.
6. paddy rice nursery method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The height of compost is 0.5-0.8m, heap during fermentation
Wide 1-2m, the long 5-10m of heap.
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| CN110115210A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2019-08-13 | 涂慧燕 | Method of raising seedling is planted between a kind of rice |
| CN113678702A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-11-23 | 王佳良 | Cultivation method for planting rice in grass carbon black soil |
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Application publication date: 20171013 |