CN107494091B - Seedling raising method for cultivating mechanical-transplanted ultra-long seedling-age strong rice seedlings in rice and wheat double-cropping area - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for cultivating mechanical-transplanted ultra-long seedling-age strong rice seedlings in rice and wheat double-cropping area Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method for cultivating mechanical-transplanted rice ultra-long seedling-age strong seedlings in a rice and wheat double-cropping area, which comprises the following steps: seed treatment, germination acceleration and breast breaking, cold seed hardening, scientific nutrient soil fertilization, seeding, seedling cultivation management, pest control and timely mechanical transplanting; compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the seedling raising time is 10-15 days, the seedling age is 1-2 leaves, the seedling age elasticity is increased, the seedling transplanting period is prolonged, the operation of farmers is facilitated, and the intensity of busy farming season is reduced; the rice variety with long growth period and late maturity and high quality can be selected from the wheat and rape socket field, the selection of the socket variety is increased, the seedling raising is convenient, the seeding amount is reduced, the seedling rate is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a seedling cultivation method for cultivating mechanical-transplanted ultra-long seedling-age strong rice seedlings in a rice and wheat double-cropping area.
Background
Mechanical rice seedling raising is a great technical change of rice production, is a development direction for realizing agricultural modernization of rice production, and is a basis for mechanical rice seedling raising. Through years of research, the seedling age of mechanical rice transplanting of the Chinese rice is 30-40 d, the seedling height is 17-25 cm, the stem base width is more than or equal to 2.0mm, the white root number is more than or equal to 10, the growth period, the sowing period, the seedling age, the seedling height and the seedling transplanting elasticity of the mechanical rice transplanting of the Chinese rice are obviously smaller than those of the traditional greenhouse two-stage seedling raising, film seedling raising and open field seedling raising modes, so that the space for selecting varieties is extremely small, particularly, the wheat and rape stubble late-maturing variety cannot be planted, the growth period after planting is insufficient, the mechanical rice transplanting of the Chinese rice cannot be normally matured, and the development of the mechanical rice transplanting of the. The application of high-yield high-quality late-maturing variety on mechanical transplanting and the limitation of seedling age of mechanical transplanting are mainly contradictory, and a seedling raising method for cultivating ultra-long seedling age strong seedlings of mechanical transplanting rice is urgently needed.
Relevant documents at home and abroad are searched: no report related to a seedling raising method for cultivating mechanical transplanting rice ultra-long seedling-age strong seedlings in a rice and wheat double-cropping area is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a seedling raising method for machine-transplanted strong rice seedlings with ultra-long seedling age in a rice and wheat double-cropping area.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the invention comprises the following steps:
1) variety selection: high-quality rice varieties with the whole growth period less than or equal to 155 days are taken as main materials;
2) seed treatment: sun-drying for 1-2 days, selecting seed with saline solution, soaking seed with strong chlorine essence liquid or ethyl ethylthiosulfonate, and sterilizing;
4) accelerating germination and breaking breast, cooling seeds and hardening the sprouts: warm water preheating, keeping the temperature of a grain heap at 35-38 ℃, starting to expose white after 15-18 hours, accelerating germination until 85% -90% of white is exposed after chest breaking, spreading and drying for 4-6 hours indoors, and uniformly sowing after drying;
5) scientifically preparing fertilizer and nutrient soil: preparing 120 kg of sufficient nutrient soil for seedlings in each mu of field, selecting cured rice field soil, and performing soil crushing and sieving by adopting a mechanical or semi-mechanical method 10-20 days before seedling raising; fertilizing with 0.5-0.6 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per 100kg of fine soil; except that 1/3 nutrient soil is reserved as covering soil and not mixed with seedling strengthening agent, 1.2-1.5kg of seedling strengthening agent is mixed with 2/3 nutrient soil every 100kg, and after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is piled up and sealed tightly to form bottom soil with proper pH value of 5.5-7.0;
6) sowing: adopting an assembly line seeder for seeding which can complete four procedures of bottom soil, watering, seeding, soil covering and the like at one time; conventional seeds such as Huanghua accounts for 90-100g of germinated rice seeds sowed on each tray, and hybrid rice seeds account for 80-90g of germinated rice seeds sowed on each tray; stacking 20-30 layers of the sowed seedling trays in a seedling raising shed or a seedling raising field; covering with film and color strip cloth, keeping warm, and seedling bed seedling after seedling alignment for 2-3 days;
7) managing seedling raising; firstly, covering non-woven fabrics after a seedling bed is placed in a tray, and compacting the edges of the non-woven fabrics; secondly, adopting an intermittent irrigation mode to mainly dry land; thirdly, seedling chemical control: under the condition of long seedling age, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, uniformly spraying 18 g of paclobutrazol mixed with water per 0.1 mu of seedling mother field; fourthly, topdressing: applying weaning fertilizer and delivering the grafted fertilizer twice in the seedling bed period; applying 5-8 kg of additional fertilizer per mu of urea for the first time after 1 heart of 3 leaves; applying 5 kilograms of grafting fertilizer per mu of urea 3-4 days before transplanting;
8) and (3) pest control: when withering and damping-off occur at low temperature, 30% of Ruiyao green mixed with 3000 times of water or 70% of fenaminosulf 1000 times of water is sprayed on each mu of seedling field for prevention and control; if the leaf plague occurs, combining fertilization, adding 60-75 g of isoprothiolane wettable powder with 40% and water into each mu, and spraying for control by 30 kg; performing prevention and control twice in a rice weevil occurrence area; 2-3 days before seedling raising, spraying the seedling field with 1000-fold 1500-fold liquid of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder or 1000-fold liquid of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder and 750-fold 1000-fold liquid of the tricyclazole wettable powder until the seedling drips to achieve the purpose of preventing rice blast by transplanting with pesticide; meanwhile, spraying 40 kg of 90% monosultap raw powder, 120 ml of 20% triazophos emulsifiable solution, 30 ml of 20% chlorantraniliprole or 50 g of 5% emamectin benzoate to 40 kg of water for preventing and controlling chilo suppressalis;
9) timely machine insertion; the seedling age is preferably controlled to be about 30 days, the leaf age is 4-5 leaves, and the seedling height is 15-25 cm, but the seedling age of the late-maturing variety adopted for wheat rape stubble can be postponed to be about 50 days, the leaf age is 5-6 leaves, and the seedling height is 20-25 cm; planting more than 1.5 ten thousand holes per mu, planting seedlings in the holes about 3-5, and planting more than 5 ten thousand basic seedlings per mu; the number of the early-stage seedlings can be small, and the number of the late-stage seedlings is a certain number; hybrid rice can be fewer than conventional rice; more basic seedlings of japonica rice and less indica rice are suitable.
Further, the sieving in the step 5) requires that soil particles are finely crushed and uniform, and the particle size is below 2 mm; the seedling-strengthening agent in the step 5) is prepared from an enzyme organic seedling-strengthening agent NPK (nitrogen phosphorus) of more than or equal to 15%, zinc of more than or equal to 0.2% and organic matter of more than or equal to 15%, and the seedling-strengthening agent contains various trace elements, disinfectants and active substances.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is a rice seedling raising method of the strong seedling age of the machine-transplanted rice in the rice and wheat double cropping zone, compared with the prior art, the invention raises the rice seedling for 10-15 days, the seedling age is 1-2 leaves long, the seedling age elasticity is increased, the seedling period is lengthened, benefit peasant household operation, reduce the busy farming intensity; the rice variety with long growth period and late maturity and high quality can be selected from the wheat and rape socket field, the selection of the socket variety is increased, the seedling raising is convenient, the seeding amount is reduced, the seedling rate is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below:
variety selection: high-quality rice varieties are taken as main materials, and the whole growth period is less than or equal to 155 days. 1.5 to 1.7 kg of seeds with the germination rate of more than 90 percent are prepared per mu.
And (3) sowing period: sowing the seeds in 10-15 days in 4 months, wherein the heading period is in the last ten days of 8 months.
Preparing nutrient soil: and 120 kg of sufficient nutrient soil is needed for each mu of field. Selecting aged paddy soil, crushing the soil by a mechanical or semi-mechanical means 10-20 days before seedling cultivation, and sieving (requiring that soil particles are finely crushed and uniform and have particle sizes below 2 mm). And 0.8 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is used for fertilizing every 100kg of fine soil. Except 1/3 nutrient soil which is reserved as covering soil and not mixed with a seedling strengthening agent, 1.2-1.5kg of seedling strengthening agent is mixed with 2/3 nutrient soil per 100kg of seedling strengthening agent (the seedling strengthening agent is enzyme organic seedling strengthening agent produced by Dafeng scientific and technological development Limited liability company of Heilongjiang province (NPK is more than or equal to 15 percent, zinc is more than or equal to 0.2 percent, and organic matter is more than or equal to 15 percent), and the mixture is uniformly stirred and piled up.
Preparing a seedling bed: and (5) seeding the seedling bed 7 days before seeding. Under the condition that the seedling bed is soaked in water in advance and ploughed and leveled, the specification of the seedling bed is that the furrow surface width is about 130cm, the seedling furrow width is about 25cm, the seedling furrow depth is about 15cm, the peripheral furrow width is more than about 30cm, and the peripheral furrow depth is about 25cm., so that the seedling bed is communicated with the furrow, and is beneficial to drainage and irrigation. After the seedling plate is made, the seedling plate needs to be aired for a certain time, so that the seedling plate is sunk and solid, and the plate surface is solid, flat, smooth and straight.
Sowing: the hand-push type seeder or the assembly line seeder which can complete four procedures of bottom soil, water spraying, seeding, soil covering and the like at one time is adopted. The seeds are soaked, disinfected, sprouted, broken chest, white and drained and then sowed. 80-90g of sprout and grain seeds are sown on each disk. Stacking 20-30 layers of the sowed seedling trays in a seedling raising shed or a seedling raising field; covering with film and color strip cloth, keeping warm, performing darkening germination, and performing seedling bed seedling culture after seedling alignment for 2-3 days. The seedling tray is arranged behind the seedling bed and covered with non-woven fabrics for heat preservation, thereby ensuring the high temperature and high humidity to promote seedling alignment, preventing rainwater from washing the seedling tray soil to cause the seeds to be exposed or the roots to be overturned and the buds to be overturned, and mastering the film uncovering ventilation time and the film uncovering degree according to the temperature change.
And (4) water management, namely insisting on 'dry water raising pipes', adopting an intermittent irrigation mode to mainly dry the seedlings and achieve the aims of regulating the air by water, regulating the fertilizer by water, regulating the temperature by water and protecting the seedlings by water.
Generally, when the seedlings come out of the soil by about 2cm (two-leaf period), non-woven fabrics are torn off to harden the seedlings. Principle: gradually uncovering from part to all, uncovering in the evening of a sunny day, uncovering in the morning of a cloudy day, uncovering before a light rain and uncovering after a heavy rain. When the daily average temperature is lower than 12 ℃, the tearing-off should not be carried out. When the daily average temperature stably passes 14 ℃ or the leaf age is about 3 leaves, the seedlings are acclimatized in time and the non-woven fabrics are uncovered. When hardening seedlings, the hardening is carried out step by step, and water must be filled or drenched before the non-woven fabrics are insist on being torn off from less to all the non-woven fabrics.
Water content management: the method of frequent irrigation and frequent drainage is adopted, the main method is dry, and thin water irrigation is needed to protect seedlings if the seedlings roll leaves.
Topdressing: and applying weaning fertilizer and delivering the grafted fertilizer twice in the seedling bed period. And applying 5-8 kg of weaning fertilizer per mu of urea in 3 leaves and one heart period of the weaning fertilizer. And secondly, applying the grafted fertilizer 3-4 days before transplanting the grafted fertilizer. The lower part of the dense leaves is not coated; normally spraying 1-1.5 kg of urea and 100-150 kg of water per mu; and 5kg of urea is used for each mu with light color, and 500 kg of urea is added to water, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed or poured in the evening and then is sprinkled with clean water once to prevent the seedlings from being fertilized and burnt. When in fertilization, the weather is kept in the sunny days, and water is discharged to 2cm above the disk surface.
And (3) pest control: and (4) well performing prevention and treatment according to the occurrence condition of plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage. Meanwhile, seedlings and weeds are frequently pulled out, and the purity of the seedlings is guaranteed. If withered and damping-off occur at low temperature, 30% of Ruiyao green is sprayed with 3000 times of water or 70% of dexon is sprayed with 1000 times of water per mu of rice seedling field for prevention and treatment. And if the leaf plague occurs, combining fertilization, adding 60-75 g of 40% isoprothiolane wettable powder into water per mu, and spraying for controlling by 30 kg of water. The rice weevil occurrence area is subjected to twice prevention and control. 2-3 days before seedling raising, spraying the seedling field with 1000-fold 1500-fold liquid of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder or 1000-fold liquid of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder and 750-fold 1000-fold liquid of the tricyclazole wettable powder until the seedling drips to achieve the purpose of preventing rice blast by transplanting with pesticide. Meanwhile, 40-60 g of 90% monosultap raw powder, 120 ml of 20% triazophos emulsifiable concentrate, 30 ml of 20% chlorantraniliprole or 50 g of 5% emamectin benzoate are sprayed to 40 kg of water for preventing and controlling chilo suppressalis.
Seedling chemical control: when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart under the condition of long seedling age, 18 g of paclobutrazol is uniformly sprayed with water according to each 0.1 mu of seedling mother field, and the seedlings can not be sprayed again or leaked (the excessive use is avoided, and the seedlings are not necessary to use the seedling-strengthening agent). Under the conditions of high temperature, more rain water and fast growth of seedlings, 2000 times of 15 percent paclobutrazol wettable powder is sprayed per mu (the condition that the use amount is too large and the use of the seedling-strengthening agent is not necessary is avoided).
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A seedling raising method for cultivating mechanical-transplanted strong rice seedlings with ultra-long seedling age in a rice and wheat double-cropping area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) variety selection: high-quality rice varieties with the whole growth period less than or equal to 155 days are taken as main materials;
2) seed treatment: sun-drying for 1-2 days, selecting seed with saline solution, soaking seed with strong chlorine essence liquid or ethyl ethylthiosulfonate, and sterilizing;
3) accelerating germination and breaking breast, cooling seeds and hardening the sprouts: warm water preheating, keeping the temperature of a grain heap at 35-38 ℃, starting to expose white after 15-18 hours, accelerating germination until 85% -90% of white is exposed after chest breaking, spreading and drying for 4-6 hours indoors, and uniformly sowing after drying;
4) scientifically preparing fertilizer and nutrient soil: preparing 120 kg of sufficient nutrient soil for seedlings in each mu of field, selecting cured rice field soil, and performing soil crushing and sieving by adopting a mechanical or semi-mechanical method 10-20 days before seedling raising; fertilizing with 0.5-0.6 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per 100kg of fine soil; except that 1/3 nutrient soil is reserved as covering soil and not mixed with seedling strengthening agent, 1.2-1.5kg of seedling strengthening agent is mixed with 2/3 nutrient soil every 100kg, and after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is piled up and sealed tightly to form bottom soil with proper pH value of 5.5-7.0; the seedling strengthening agent is prepared from enzyme organic seedling strengthening agent NPK (nitrogen phosphorus) more than or equal to 15%, zinc more than or equal to 0.2% and organic matter more than or equal to 15%, and contains various trace elements, disinfectants and active substances;
5) sowing: adopting an assembly line seeder for seeding which can complete four procedures of bottom soil, watering, seeding, soil covering and the like at one time; conventional seeds such as Huanghua accounts for 90-100g of germinated rice seeds sowed on each tray, and hybrid rice seeds account for 80-90g of germinated rice seeds sowed on each tray; stacking 20-30 layers of the sowed seedling trays in a seedling raising shed or a seedling raising field; covering with film and color strip cloth, keeping warm, and seedling bed seedling after seedling alignment for 2-3 days;
6) managing seedling raising; firstly, covering non-woven fabrics after a seedling bed is placed in a tray, and compacting the edges of the non-woven fabrics; secondly, adopting an intermittent irrigation mode to mainly dry land; thirdly, seedling chemical control: under the condition of long seedling age, when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, uniformly spraying 18 g of paclobutrazol mixed with water per 0.1 mu of seedling mother field; fourthly, topdressing: applying weaning fertilizer and delivering the grafted fertilizer twice in the seedling bed period; applying 5-8 kg of additional fertilizer per mu of urea for the first time after 1 heart of 3 leaves; applying 5 kilograms of grafting fertilizer per mu of urea 3-4 days before transplanting;
7) and (3) pest control: when withering and damping-off occur at low temperature, 30% of Ruiyao green mixed with 3000 times of water or 70% of fenaminosulf 1000 times of water is sprayed on each mu of seedling field for prevention and control; if the leaf plague occurs, combining fertilization, adding 60-75 g of isoprothiolane wettable powder with 40% and water into each mu, and spraying for control by 30 kg; performing prevention and control twice in a rice weevil occurrence area; 2-3 days before seedling raising, spraying the seedling field with 1000-fold 1500-fold liquid of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder or 1000-fold liquid of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder and 750-fold 1000-fold liquid of the tricyclazole wettable powder until the seedling drips to achieve the purpose of preventing rice blast by transplanting with pesticide; meanwhile, spraying 40 kg of 90% monosultap raw powder, 120 ml of 20% triazophos emulsifiable solution, 30 ml of 20% chlorantraniliprole or 50 g of 5% emamectin benzoate to 40 kg of water for preventing and controlling chilo suppressalis;
8) timely machine insertion; the seedling age is preferably controlled to be about 30 days, the leaf age is 4-5 leaves, and the seedling height is 15-25 cm, but the seedling age of the late-maturing variety adopted for wheat rape stubble can be postponed to be about 50 days, the leaf age is 5-6 leaves, and the seedling height is 20-25 cm; planting more than 1.5 ten thousand holes per mu, planting seedlings in the holes about 3-5, and planting more than 5 ten thousand basic seedlings per mu; the number of the early-stage seedlings can be small, and the number of the late-stage seedlings is a certain number; hybrid rice can be fewer than conventional rice; more basic seedlings of japonica rice and less indica rice are suitable.
2. The rice and wheat double cropping zone cultivation machine-transplanted rice seedling-growth strong seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sieving in the step 4) requires that soil particles are finely crushed and uniform, and the particle size is below 2 mm.
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| CN109169083B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-11-27 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for cultivating dry seedlings by rice mulching machine transplanting discs |
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