CN110115210B - Rice intercropping seedling raising method - Google Patents
Rice intercropping seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110115210B CN110115210B CN201810115925.9A CN201810115925A CN110115210B CN 110115210 B CN110115210 B CN 110115210B CN 201810115925 A CN201810115925 A CN 201810115925A CN 110115210 B CN110115210 B CN 110115210B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Abstract
The invention provides a rice interplanting and seedling raising method, which is used for cultivating rice seedlings by preparing nutrient soil, selecting seeds, soaking the seeds, sowing and raising seedlings. The invention discloses a preparation method of nutrient soil, which comprises brown algae, sawdust, struvite, air-dried soil, straw powder, wheat bran, a composting fermentation agent, a nutrient additive and water, wherein the nutrient additive is potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, celestite powder, zinc chloride powder, lithium mica powder, medical stone powder, chelated magnesium, chelated manganese, chelated selenium and chelated iron. The weight ratio of the components is 50-80:30-50:5-10:5-10:5-10:5-10:2-5:2-5: 2-5.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice seedling raising, in particular to a rice interplanting seedling raising method.
Background
Rice, an annual grass plant, is about 1.2 meters in height, has long and flat leaves, and has a panicle consisting of many spikelets. The obtained seeds are rice, and the rice is called rice or rice after husking. The rice can be classified into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice. The rice grains formed by the rice are called rice or rice after being shelled. Besides being edible, the rice can also be used as industrial raw materials for brewing wine and making sugar, and the rice husks and rice straws also have multiple uses. Rice belongs to the genus of Gramineae, and is an extremely old crop.
The rice planting technology, including rice field and rice transplanting, is invented in China. In the legend Shennong's theory teaches people how to plant rice. At present, the rice cultivation is not only in the traditional manual cultivation mode but also in a highly mechanized cultivation mode. But without losing the following steps: soil preparation, seedling raising, seedling transplanting, weeding and deinsectization, fertilization, irrigation and drainage and harvest.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a rice interplanting seedling raising method.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a rice interplanting and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing straw powder and wheat bran according to a weight ratio of 1:1-3, adding water for wetting, adding a composting fermentation agent, and uniformly mixing, wherein the usage amount of the composting fermentation agent is 3-7 wt% of the total weight of the straw powder and the wheat bran to prepare a strain mixture;
step 2: uniformly mixing brown algae, sawdust, struvite, air-dried soil, a nutritional additive and water, adding the strain mixture obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, performing compost fermentation, cooling and radiating after fermentation and decomposition to prepare nutritional soil;
and step 3: selecting full rice seeds with large particles and regular shapes, exposing the rice seeds to the sun for 2-3 days, soaking the rice seeds in a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, washing the rice seeds to be neutral by using clear water after soaking, soaking the rice seeds in gibberellin, taking out the rice seeds after soaking, and airing the rice seeds;
and 4, step 4: selecting full and regularly-shaped astragalus sinicus seeds, exposing the astragalus sinicus seeds to the sun for 1-2 days, adding fine sand, rubbing the astragalus sinicus seeds mutually, wiping off wax on the surfaces of the astragalus sinicus seeds, soaking the astragalus sinicus seeds in an aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gibberellin, taking out the astragalus sinicus seeds after soaking, and airing the astragalus sinicus seeds;
and 5: wetting the nutrient soil obtained in the step 2 by adding water, flatly spreading the nutrient soil in a seedling raising tray, sowing the rice seeds obtained in the step 3 above the nutrient soil, planting milk vetch seeds 1-3cm at intervals of 10-15cm, and covering nutrient soil with the thickness of 1cm above the two seeds to finish sowing;
step 6: placing the seedling raising tray obtained in the step 5 into a culture room for seedling raising management;
and 7: transferring the seedlings into the paddy field for cultivation when the seedlings grow to 10-18cm high.
Further, in the step 2, the nutritional additives comprise potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, celestite powder, zinc chloride powder, lithium mica powder, medical stone powder, chelated magnesium, chelated manganese, chelated selenium and chelated iron, and the dosage ratio is 50-80:30-50:5-10:5-10:5-10:5-10:2-5:2-5:2-5: 2-5; the brown algae, the sawdust, the struvite, the air-dried soil, the nutrient additive and the water are calculated according to the weight parts: 100-300:100-200:100-150:800-1000:50-300:500-2000.
Further, in the step 2, the compost fermentation time is 7-15 days, and the compost temperature is 50-70 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step 2, the dosage of the strain mixture is 1-3 wt% of the total weight of the nutrient soil.
Further, in the step 3, the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite solution is 1-3 wt%, the soaking time is 1-3min, and the soaking temperature is 20-22 ℃; the gibberellin solution has a concentration of 30-40ppm, and is soaked for 20-30h at 20-25 deg.C.
Further, in the step 5, the sowing density of the rice seeds is 2-10 ten thousand grains/m2(ii) a The sowing density of the Chinese milk vetch seeds is 2000-4000 grains/m2。
Further, in the step 6, during seedling raising management, the humidity of the culture room is 50-70%, the soil humidity is 20-30%, the illumination time is 12-16 h/day, the illumination time is 15-25 ℃, and the dark time is 10-15 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the seedling raising method has the advantages that the germination rate is high, the seedlings grow fast, and the lengths of the seedlings are regular;
2) the seedlings cultivated by the method are rich in various trace elements, and after the seedlings are transferred to a common field, the harvested rice also contains rich trace elements such as selenium, zinc and the like;
3) the invention intercrops the rice and the milk vetch, and can enhance the nitrogen fixation effect of the rice field after the rice and the milk vetch are transferred into the field, so that the harvested rice grains are more full.
Detailed Description
For clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the present invention, it is obvious that the inventor combines the embodiments to describe, but the following embodiments describe only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Preparing nutrient soil:
the preparation scheme of the nutrient soil is 1-6:
a rice interplanting and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing straw powder and wheat bran according to a weight ratio of 1:1-3, adding water for wetting, adding a composting fermentation agent, and uniformly mixing, wherein the usage amount of the composting fermentation agent is 3-7 wt% of the total weight of the straw powder and the wheat bran to prepare a strain mixture;
step 2: uniformly mixing brown algae, sawdust, struvite, air-dried soil, a nutritional additive and water, adding the strain mixture obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, performing compost fermentation, cooling and radiating after fermentation and decomposition to prepare nutritional soil;
further, in the step 2, the nutritional additives comprise potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, celestite powder, zinc chloride powder, lithium mica powder, medical stone powder, chelated magnesium, chelated manganese, chelated selenium and chelated iron, and the dosage ratio is 50-80:30-50:5-10:5-10:5-10:5-10:2-5:2-5:2-5: 2-5; the brown algae, the sawdust, the struvite, the air-dried soil, the nutrient additive and the water are calculated according to the weight parts: 100-300:100-200:100-150:800-1000:50-300:500-2000.
Further, in the step 2, the compost fermentation time is 7-15 days, and the compost temperature is 50-70 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step 2, the dosage of the strain mixture is 1-3 wt% of the total weight of the nutrient soil.
The nutrient soil is prepared by the formula shown in the table 1-3 through the steps.
Table 1, strain mixture:
weight (D) | Scheme 1 | Scheme 2 | Scheme 3 | Scheme 4 | Scheme 5 | Scheme 6 | |
Straw powder | Portions are | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Wheat bran | Portions are | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | —— | 200 |
Compost leaven | Portions are | 6 | 15 | 28 | 45 | 1 | 15 |
Table 2, nutrient soil:
weight (D) | Scheme 1 | Scheme 2 | Scheme 3 | Scheme 4 | Scheme 5 | Scheme 6 | |
Potassium feldspar powder | Portions are | 50 | 60 | 80 | 90 | 40 | 60 |
Powdered rock phosphate | Portions are | 30 | 40 | 50 | 20 | 50 | 70 |
Celestite powder | Portions are | 10 | 5 | 8 | 13 | —— | 5 |
Zinc chloride powder | Portions are | 5 | 8 | 10 | 15 | 10 | —— |
Lithium mica powder | Portions are | 8 | 5 | 10 | —— | 5 | 15 |
Medical stone powder | Portions are | 10 | 5 | 8 | 15 | —— | 10 |
Chelated magnesium | Portions are | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 8 | —— |
Chelated manganese | Portions are | 2 | 4 | 5 | 8 | —— | 3 |
Chelated selenium | Portions are | 4 | 2 | 5 | —— | 3 | 8 |
Chelated iron | Portions are | 2 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 3 | —— |
Table 3, nutrient soil mixture:
weight (D) | Scheme 1 | Scheme 2 | Scheme 3 | Scheme 4 | Scheme 5 | Scheme 6 | |
Brown algae | Portions are | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | —— | 200 |
Saw dust | Portions are | 200 | 150 | 100 | 150 | 50 | 250 |
Struvite stone | Portions are | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 75 | —— |
Air-dried soil | Portions are | 800 | 900 | 1000 | 600 | 1000 | 1300 |
Nutrition additive | Portions are | 300 | 200 | 50 | —— | 400 | 300 |
Water (W) | Portions are | 2000 | 1000 | 500 | 200 | 2000 | 3000 |
Bacterial mixture | Portions are | 105 | 52 | 21 | 61 | 18 | 103 |
The rice seedling raising method A-F comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting full rice seeds with large particles and regular shapes, exposing the rice seeds to the sun for 2-3 days, soaking the rice seeds in a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, washing the rice seeds to be neutral by using clear water after soaking, soaking the rice seeds in gibberellin, taking out the rice seeds after soaking, and airing the rice seeds;
step 2: selecting full and regularly-shaped astragalus sinicus seeds, exposing the astragalus sinicus seeds to the sun for 1-2 days, adding fine sand, rubbing the astragalus sinicus seeds mutually, wiping off wax on the surfaces of the astragalus sinicus seeds, soaking the astragalus sinicus seeds in an aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gibberellin, taking out the astragalus sinicus seeds after soaking, and airing the astragalus sinicus seeds;
and step 3: moistening the nutrient soil with water, spreading in a seedling raising tray, sowing the rice seeds obtained in the step 1 above the nutrient soil with the thickness of 1-3cm, planting milk vetch seeds with the thickness of 1-3cm at intervals of 10-15cm, and covering the nutrient soil with the thickness of 1cm above the two seeds to finish sowing;
and 4, step 4: placing the seedling raising tray obtained in the step 3 into a culture room for seedling raising management;
and 5: transferring the seedlings into the paddy field for cultivation when the seedlings grow to 10-18cm high.
Further, in the step 1, the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite solution is 1-3 wt%, the soaking time is 1-3min, and the soaking temperature is 20-22 ℃; the gibberellin solution has a concentration of 30-40ppm, and is soaked for 20-30h at 20-25 deg.C.
Further, in the step 3, the sowing density of the rice seeds is 2-10 ten thousand grains/m2(ii) a The sowing density of the Chinese milk vetch seeds is 2000-4000 grains/m2。
Further, in the step 4, during seedling cultivation management, the humidity of the cultivation room is 50-70%, the soil humidity is 20-30%, the illumination time is 12-16 h/day, the illumination time is 15-25 ℃, and the dark time is 10-15 ℃.
The specific implementation parameters are shown in table 4:
table 4:
unit of | Method A | Method B | Method C | Method D | Method E | Method F | |
Sodium hypochlorite concentration | %wt | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | —— | 2 |
Soaking time | min | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 0.5 |
Soaking temperature | Degree centigrade | 22 | 21 | 20 | 18 | 20 | 25 |
Gibberellin concentration | ppm | 30 | 35 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 50 |
Soaking time | h | 30 | 25 | 20 | 35 | 25 | 45 |
Soaking temperature | Degree centigrade | 25 | 22 | 20 | 28 | 15 | 20 |
Density of rice seeds | Ten thousand grains/m 2 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 8 | 12 |
Milk vetch seed density | Ten thousand grains/m 2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | —— | 0.3 | 0.5 |
Humidity of cultivation room | % | 70 | 60 | 50 | 80 | 60 | 40 |
Humidity of soil | % | 20 | 30 | 25 | 25 | 10 | 40 |
Time of illumination | h/day | 12 | 16 | 14 | 10 | 18 | 14 |
Daytime temperature | Degree centigrade | 25 | 20 | 15 | 20 | 10 | 30 |
Temperature at night | Degree centigrade | 15 | 12 | 10 | 18 | 8 | 15 |
The rice seedlings of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were grown according to the methods shown in tables 5 to 7.
Table 5:
example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
Nutrient soil | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Seedling raising method | C | B | A | C | B | A |
Table 6:
comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | Comparative example 6 | |
Nutrient soil | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
Seedling raising method | F | E | D | D | A | B |
Table 7:
comparative example 7 | Comparative example 8 | Comparative example 9 | Comparative example 10 | Comparative example 11 | Comparative example 12 | |
Nutrient soil | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
Seedling raising method | C | E | D | F | A | F |
The conditions of the seedlings obtained are shown in tables 8 to 10:
table 8:
unit of | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
Seedling height of 14 days | cm | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.9 |
Height of 21 day seedling | cm | 15.8 | 16.9 | 17.5 | 16.4 | 15.7 | 16.4 |
Root-crown ratio | 71.25 | 73.15 | 74.32 | 72.82 | 71.94 | 70.59 |
Table 9:
unit of | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | Comparative example 6 | |
Seedling height of 14 days | cm | 7 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.2 |
Height of 21 day seedling | cm | 15.9 | 14.7 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 13.4 | 12.7 |
Root-crown ratio | 68.15 | 64.29 | 57.28 | 58.17 | 63.45 | 64.73 |
Table 10:
unit of | Comparative example 7 | Comparative example 8 | Comparative example 9 | Comparative example 10 | Comparative example 11 | Comparative example 12 | |
Seedling height of 14 days | cm | 5.8 | 6.3 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 6.2 |
Height of 21 day seedling | cm | 12.8 | 13.5 | 9.9 | 11.3 | 10.5 | 12.4 |
Root-crown ratio | 54.29 | 63.43 | 55.49 | 57.16 | 59.28 | 66.49 |
From the above results, it can be seen that the rice seedlings for field planting can be cultivated within 21 days according to the rice interplanting and breeding method disclosed by the present invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A rice interplanting seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: mixing straw powder and wheat bran according to a weight ratio of 1:1-3, adding water for wetting, adding a composting fermentation agent, and uniformly mixing, wherein the usage amount of the composting fermentation agent is 3-7 wt% of the total weight of the straw powder and the wheat bran to prepare a strain mixture;
step 2: uniformly mixing brown algae, sawdust, struvite, air-dried soil, a nutritional additive and water, adding the strain mixture obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, performing compost fermentation, cooling and radiating after fermentation and decomposition to prepare nutritional soil; the nutritional additive comprises potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, celestite powder, zinc chloride powder, lithium mica powder, medical stone powder, chelated magnesium, chelated manganese, chelated selenium and chelated iron, and the dosage ratio is 50-80:30-50:5-10:5-10:5-10:5-10:2-5:2-5:2-5: 2-5; the brown algae, the sawdust, the struvite, the air-dried soil, the nutrient additive and the water are calculated according to the weight parts: 100, 300, 100, 200, 100, 150, 800, 1000, 50, 300, 500, 2000;
and step 3: selecting full rice seeds with large particles and regular shapes, exposing the rice seeds to the sun for 2-3 days, soaking the rice seeds in a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, washing the rice seeds to be neutral by using clear water after soaking, soaking the rice seeds in gibberellin, taking out the rice seeds after soaking, and airing the rice seeds;
and 4, step 4: selecting full and regularly-shaped astragalus sinicus seeds, exposing the astragalus sinicus seeds to the sun for 1-2 days, adding fine sand, rubbing the astragalus sinicus seeds mutually, wiping off wax on the surfaces of the astragalus sinicus seeds, soaking the astragalus sinicus seeds in an aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gibberellin, taking out the astragalus sinicus seeds after soaking, and airing the astragalus sinicus seeds;
and 5: wetting the nutrient soil obtained in the step 2 by adding water, flatly spreading the nutrient soil in a seedling raising tray, sowing the rice seeds obtained in the step 3 above the nutrient soil, planting milk vetch seeds 1-3cm at intervals of 10-15cm, and covering nutrient soil with the thickness of 1cm above the two seeds to finish sowing;
step 6: placing the seedling raising tray obtained in the step 5 into a culture room for seedling raising management;
and 7: transferring the seedlings into the paddy field for cultivation when the seedlings grow to 10-18cm high.
2. The rice interplanting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the compost fermentation time is 7-15 days, and the compost temperature is 50-70 ℃.
3. The method for interplanting rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the seed mixture in step 2 is 1-3 wt% of the total weight of the nutrient soil.
4. The rice interplanting and seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite solution is 1-3% wt, the soaking time is 1-3min, and the soaking temperature is 20-22 ℃; the gibberellin solution has a concentration of 30-40ppm, and is soaked for 20-30h at 20-25 deg.C.
5. The rice interplanting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the seeding density of the rice seeds is 2-10 ten thousand seeds/m 2; the sowing density of the Chinese milk vetch seeds is 2000-4000 grains/m 2.
6. The rice interplanting method of claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the humidity of the cultivation room is 50-70%, the soil humidity is 20-30%, the illumination time is 12-16 h/day, the illumination time is 15-25 ℃, and the dark time is 10-15 ℃ during the seedling cultivation management.
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