CN104072287A - Vinegar residue composite matrix for cultivating green-leaf vegetables - Google Patents
Vinegar residue composite matrix for cultivating green-leaf vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN104072287A CN104072287A CN201410281693.6A CN201410281693A CN104072287A CN 104072287 A CN104072287 A CN 104072287A CN 201410281693 A CN201410281693 A CN 201410281693A CN 104072287 A CN104072287 A CN 104072287A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and discloses a vinegar residue composite matrix for cultivating green-leaf vegetables. The vinegar residue composite matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 to 70 parts of vinegar residue, 1 to 20 parts of coco coir, 1 to 10 parts of perlite, 5 to 30 parts of plant ash and 1 to 40 parts of vermiculite. Each physicochemical property of the vinegar residue composite matrix conforms to the growth requirement of the green-leaf vegetable, the matrix is used for cultivating pakchoi, three-colored amaranth, watercress, Chinese chives or lettuce, the requirements of the green-leaf vegetable on the nutrition, oxygen and water can be met, the cultivation effect is obviously influenced, and the plant is strong. In addition, the vinegar residue composite matrix is simple in formula, the raw material is domain on the organic waste fermented product, the waste is recycled, the raw materials are conventional nutritional substrate on the market, compounding is easy, and the vinegar residue composite matrix is suitable for the large-scale cultivation and production of green-leaf vegetables on the research production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of vinegar grain composite interstitial substance for green vegetable cultivation.
Background technology
Vinegar grain matrix has the features such as particle is thick, aeration porosity large, acidity is large, EC value is higher, difficult decomposition, so be not suitable for using as cultivation matrix separately.But can be by adding the conventional matrix such as vermiculite, perlite and the peat composed of rotten mosses, or add other organic waste matrix and regulate, to be applicable to the demand of plant growth.Composite matrix is that the different matrix such as do as one likes matter, properity mix, and at trade-off effect aspect moisture and fertilizer, is better than single-matrix.But the matrix of composite matrix apolegamy is different, the ratios of apolegamy are different, and the performance of composite matrix is also different, make the different composite matrix also can be different to the nursery effect of crop.Based on above-mentioned situation, for Different Crop, should choose suitable matrix and suitable substrate composition.
Green vegetable is mainly to produce the class vegetables that greenery eat for people, as spinach, Plantula Brassicae chinensis, celery, shepherd's purse, water spinach, three-coloured amaranth, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, romaine lettuce etc., is of high nutritive value, and contains multivitamin and mineral salt.At present; on market, green vegetable cave dish cultivation matrix proportioning is very chaotic; cause that matrix physico-chemical property is bad, permeability is bad, preserve moisture and fertility ability etc., thereby cause seedlings root dysplasia, plant is thin and weak, resistance is poor, has had a strong impact on the quality of plant.Therefore it is very necessary, according to the growth habit of different green vegetable crops, choosing cultivation matrix.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is provides a kind of vinegar grain composite interstitial substance for green vegetable cultivation for above-mentioned technical problem.
Object of the present invention can be to realize by the following technical programs:
A kind of vinegar grain composite interstitial substance for green vegetable cultivation, described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance comprises vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite, and the volume parts of described vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash, vermiculite is respectively 30-70 part, 1-20 part, 1-10 part, 5-30 part and 1-40 part.
Preferably, in described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance, the volume parts of vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 40-60 part, 5-15 part, 5-10 part, 10-20 part and 5-35 part.
Further preferred, in described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance, the volume parts of vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 40-60 part, 10 parts, 5 parts, 10-20 part and 5-35 part.
Most preferred, in described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance, the volume parts of vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 40 parts, 10 parts, 5 parts, 10 parts and 35 parts; Or the volume parts of described vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 60 parts, 10 parts, 5 parts, 15 parts and 10 parts; Or the volume parts of described vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 50 parts, 10 parts, 5 parts, 15 parts and 20 parts; Or the volume parts of described vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 60 parts, 10 parts, 5 parts, 10 parts and 15 parts.
Described vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash, vermiculite are commercially available conventional single-matrix.
The unit weight of vinegar grain composite interstitial substance of the present invention is 0.20-0.30gcm
-3, total porosity is 65%-80%, water-gas ratio is 2.0-4.0; PH is 5.8-7.2, and EC value is 1.0-2.5mScm
-1; Total nitrogen content is 9.5-17.5gkg
-1, content of tatal phosphorus is 1.0-4.0gkg
-1, effectively potassium content is 0.3-0.5gkg
-1.
Green vegetable of the present invention is Plantula Brassicae chinensis, three-coloured amaranth, Nasturtium officinale, leek or romaine lettuce.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. vinegar grain composite interstitial substance permeability of the present invention is good, preserve moisture and fertility ability excellent, its every physico-chemical property all meets the growth requirement of green vegetable, can meet the requirement of the required nutrition of green vegetable, oxygen and moisture, to cultivating effect, have a significant effect, make that seedlings root physically well develops, robust plant.
2. vinegar grain compound substrate formula of the present invention is simple, raw material be take fermentation of organic wastes product as main, belongs to utilization of waste as resource, and is conventional nutraceutical matrix on market, composite easy enforcement, is applicable to experimental study and produces upper extensive green vegetable cultivation and production.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
Step 1: raw material is prepared
1) green vegetable seed preparation
Choose common green vegetable kind: Plantula Brassicae chinensis, three-coloured amaranth, Nasturtium officinale, leek and romaine lettuce.
2) base starting material is prepared
Select the single-matrix that can buy on market, buyer is Zhenjiang training flower bud matrix development in science and technology company limited.Preoperation inspection matrix is not subject to drip washing etc., guarantees matrix nutrient.
3) before test, prepare
Choose suitable test site; Choose 15 hole dishes.
Step 2: composite interstitial substance composite
1) batching of composite interstitial substance
Before vernalization finishes, set formula according to table 1, accurately measures raw material, configures appropriate matrix, after fully mixing, be put in plastics bag and numbering, the physicochemical characters such as content of its unit weight of sampling and measuring, big or small void ratio, pH value, EC value, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, effective potassium.
Table 1 is for the vinegar grain composite interstitial substance of green vegetable cultivation and the formula of commercially available finished product matrix
In table 1, embodiment 1-9 is the formula of 9 vinegar grain composite interstitial substances, and CK represents the common prescription of commercially available finished product matrix.
The physicochemical character of 9 kinds of vinegar grain composite interstitial substances of table 2 and commercially available finished product matrix
Note: the letters such as a～g represent the significance of difference of indices between different treatment.
T1-T9 represents respectively embodiment 1-embodiment 9.As shown in Table 2, there is certain difference in each vinegar grain composite interstitial substance unit weight, but all in 0.20-0.30gcm
-3within scope, except CK, all meet the suitable unit weight 0.2-0.8gcm of matrix
-3scope.Ventilating slit is maximum with T9, and processes significant difference with other.Water holding hole is maximum with T6, and is significantly higher than other processing.Total porosity refers to the summation of water holding hole and ventilating slit in matrix, total porosity reflection matrix is held the ability of air and moisture, the total porosity of all vinegar grain composite interstitial substances all, within the scope of 65%-80%, meets the scope of the suitable total porosity 54%-96% of matrix.Water-gas ratio can reflect the situation between water in matrix, gas, it is the important indicator of weighing matrix quality, be combined the state that can show all sidedly that water in matrix is gentle with total porosity, the water-gas ratio of all vinegar grain composite interstitial substances is all in the scope in suitable water-gas ratio 2.0-4.0.The pH value of each vinegar grain composite interstitial substance, within 5.8-7.2 scope, all meets the best pH of soilless culture substrate and is neutral or weakly acidic requirement.Normal EC value scope is at 1-4mScm
-1between, soluble salt content in matrix (EC value) is too high, may form reverse osmotic pressure, and the moisture in root system is cemented out, and makes tip of a root browning or withered, and in this test, the EC value of each vinegar grain composite interstitial substance is in 1.0-2.5mScm
-1in scope, all, in normal range, meet the growth requirement of plant.Each vinegar grain composite interstitial substance total nitrogen content is in 9.5-17.5gkg
-1in scope, content of tatal phosphorus is in 1.0-4.0gkg
-1interior, the effective potassium content of scope is in 0.3-0.5gkg
-1in scope, all meet the growth requirement at green vegetable initial stage.In general, compare with CK, in the composite interstitial substance of coconut palm chaff, plant ash and the peat composed of rotten mosses, add a certain amount of vinegar grain and perlite, unit weight, EC value, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium content of composite interstitial substance have been significantly improved, every physico-chemical property index all meets the growth requirement of green vegetable, to cultivating effect, has a significant effect.
2) interpolation of mineral manure
According to Hoogland nutrient solution prescription preparation nutritive medium, accurately take mineral manure and be put in beaker, add clear water, with glass stick, stir fertilizer is dissolved, obtain nutritive medium, in cultivation process, water.The amount of application of mineral manure is: four water-calcium nitrate 1.1kg/m
3, saltpetre 0.7kg/m
3, primary ammonium phosphate 0.1kg/m
3, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.6kg/m
3, boric acid 0.003kg/m
3, four water manganous sulfate 0.003kg/m
3, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate 0.002kg/m
3, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.0003kg/m
3, Ammonium Heptamolybdate 0.0001kg/m
3, Sytron 0.04kg/m
3.
Step 3: grow seedlings
1) seed soaking
According to the germination time of seed, prepare the seed for examination.With the warm water of 55 ℃, scald kind of a 5-10min, do not stop stirring seed is heated evenly, when water temperature drops to 25-30 ℃, soak seed 4-5 hour.
2) vernalization
Soaked seed is pulled rear elutriation 2-3 time out, washes away the mucus of seed-coat, and seed is placed on the filter paper after soaking, and covers the filter paper soaking, and encases vernalization 2-3 days with wet gauze.During vernalization, according to humidity, spray clear water, keep humidity at 80%-90%.
3) sowing
Seeding and seedling raising adopts 15 hole dishes.Composite interstitial substance is filled to cave and coils and use the very close unnecessary matrix that scrapes off, with finger, dig cave, by one, the every cave sowing of the seed after vernalization, and cover matrix.By cave disc label after planting, indicate formula, sowing time and sowing kind, be put in plastic greenhouse and grow seedlings.
4) water
After planting water once permeable.
5) seedling management
According to the growth demand of green vegetable, carry out temperature (Plantula Brassicae chinensis, three-coloured amaranth, Nasturtium officinale, leek, Growth of Lettuce thermophilic are 18-25 ℃), illumination control, watering and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, its upgrowth situation of routine observation, compares growth indexes.
6) sampling and measuring
Sow after 50 days, get Plantula Brassicae chinensis, three-coloured amaranth, Nasturtium officinale, leek and romaine lettuce plant, measure plant strain growth index: the number of blade, plant height, stem are thick, overground part and underground part dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings, the number of blade, plant height, stem are slightly the apparent bases for estimation of plant strain growth situation, also be the basis that forms green vegetable output, the accumulation of overground part and underground part dry weight reflection plant dry-matter, dry weight is larger, and upgrowth situation is more for good.The growth indexes of five kinds of green vegetables is carried out to statistical study, determine the best complex matrix of various vegetables.
The impact of the different vinegar grain of table 3 compound substrate formula on Plantula Brassicae chinensis plant strain growth
As can be seen from Table 3, the growing state of the Plantula Brassicae chinensis that employing embodiment 1-9 vinegar grain composite interstitial substance is cultivated is all better than the cultivation effect of commercially available finished product matrix CK, the every growth indexes of integrated survey, especially take embodiment 1,2,9 vinegar grains composite interstitial substances to the cultivation effect of Plantula Brassicae chinensis as good.
The impact of the different vinegar grain of table 4 compound substrate formula on three-coloured amaranth plant strain growth
The growing state of the three-coloured amaranth that as can be seen from Table 4, employing embodiment 1-9 vinegar grain composite interstitial substance is cultivated is all better than the cultivation effect of commercially available finished product matrix CK.The every growth indexes of integrated survey, especially take embodiment 1,2,7,9 vinegar grains composite interstitial substances to the cultivation effect of three-coloured amaranth as good.
The impact of the different vinegar grain of table 5 compound substrate formula on Nasturtium officinale plant strain growth
As can be seen from Table 5, the growing state of the Nasturtium officinale that employing embodiment 1-9 vinegar grain composite interstitial substance is cultivated is all better than the cultivation effect of commercially available finished product matrix CK.The every growth indexes of integrated survey, especially take embodiment 2,7,9 vinegar grains composite interstitial substances to the cultivation effect of Nasturtium officinale as good.
The impact of the different vinegar grain of table 6 compound substrate formula on leek plant strain growth
As can be seen from Table 6, the growing state of the leek that employing embodiment 1-9 vinegar grain composite interstitial substance is cultivated is all better than the cultivation effect of commercially available finished product matrix CK.The every growth indexes of integrated survey, especially take embodiment 1,9 vinegar grains composite interstitial substances to the cultivation effect of leek as good.
The impact of the different vinegar grain of table 7 compound substrate formula on romaine lettuce plant strain growth
The growing state of the romaine lettuce that as can be seen from Table 7, employing embodiment 1-9 vinegar grain composite interstitial substance is cultivated is all better than the cultivation effect of commercially available finished product matrix CK.The every growth indexes of integrated survey, especially take embodiment 7,9 vinegar grains composite interstitial substances to the cultivation effect of romaine lettuce as good.
In sum, adopt embodiment 1-9 vinegar grain composite interstitial substance to cultivate Plantula Brassicae chinensis, three-coloured amaranth, Nasturtium officinale, leek and romaine lettuce, the growing state of Plantula Brassicae chinensis, three-coloured amaranth, Nasturtium officinale, leek and romaine lettuce is all better than the cultivation effect of commercially available finished product matrix CK, and root system development is good, robust plant.The cultivation best results to Plantula Brassicae chinensis, three-coloured amaranth, Nasturtium officinale, leek and romaine lettuce with the vinegar grain composite interstitial substance (volume parts of vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 40 parts, 10 parts, 5 parts, 10 parts and 35 parts) of embodiment 9 wherein.Illustrate that vinegar grain composite interstitial substance permeability of the present invention is good, preserve moisture and fertility ability excellent, can meet the requirement of the required nutrition of green vegetable, oxygen and moisture, meets the growth requirement of green vegetable.
Claims (7)
1. the grain of the vinegar for a green vegetable cultivation composite interstitial substance, it is characterized in that: described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance comprises vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite, and the volume parts of described vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash, vermiculite is respectively 30-70 part, 1-20 part, 1-10 part, 5-30 part and 1-40 part.
2. the vinegar grain composite interstitial substance for green vegetable cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance, the volume parts of vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 40-60 part, 5-15 part, 5-10 part, 10-20 part and 5-35 part.
3. the grain of the vinegar for green vegetable cultivation composite interstitial substance according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance, the volume parts of vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 40-60 part, 10 parts, 5 parts, 10-20 part and 5-35 part.
4. the vinegar grain composite interstitial substance for green vegetable cultivation according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance, the volume parts of vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 40 parts, 10 parts, 5 parts, 10 parts and 35 parts;
Or the volume parts of described vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 60 parts, 10 parts, 5 parts, 15 parts and 10 parts;
Or the volume parts of described vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 50 parts, 10 parts, 5 parts, 15 parts and 20 parts;
Or the volume parts of described vinegar grain, coconut palm chaff, perlite, plant ash and vermiculite is respectively 60 parts, 10 parts, 5 parts, 10 parts and 15 parts.
5. according to the vinegar grain composite interstitial substance for green vegetable cultivation described in claim 1,2,3 or 4, it is characterized in that: the unit weight of described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance is 0.20-0.30gcm
-3, total porosity is 65%-80%, water-gas ratio is 2.0-4.0.
6. according to the vinegar grain composite interstitial substance for green vegetable cultivation described in claim 1,2,3 or 4, it is characterized in that: the pH of described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance is 5.8-7.2, and EC value is 1.0-2.5mScm
-1.
7. according to the vinegar grain composite interstitial substance for green vegetable cultivation described in claim 1,2,3 or 4, it is characterized in that: the total nitrogen content of described vinegar grain composite interstitial substance is 9.5-17.5gkg
-1, content of tatal phosphorus is 1.0-4.0gkg
-1, effectively potassium content is 0.3-0.5gkg
-1.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663213A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-06-03 | 武汉市蔬菜科学研究所 | Watercress protection land substrate culture method |
| CN106034916A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for improving vaccinium spp planting soil through fresh vinegar residues |
| CN106069663A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of quality vegetables implantation methods |
| CN115152584A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-11 | 山西农业大学 | Preparation of facility strawberry soilless culture composite matrix block |
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| CN101717310A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2010-06-02 | 华中农业大学 | Nutrient medium and application for soilless culture |
| CN103299888A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-09-18 | 北京林业大学 | Paeonia lactiflora soilless culture substrate and application thereof |
| CN103570475A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-12 | 南京农业大学 | Vegetable seedling raising nutritional matrix formula |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101717310A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2010-06-02 | 华中农业大学 | Nutrient medium and application for soilless culture |
| CN103299888A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-09-18 | 北京林业大学 | Paeonia lactiflora soilless culture substrate and application thereof |
| CN103570475A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-12 | 南京农业大学 | Vegetable seedling raising nutritional matrix formula |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663213A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-06-03 | 武汉市蔬菜科学研究所 | Watercress protection land substrate culture method |
| CN106034916A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for improving vaccinium spp planting soil through fresh vinegar residues |
| CN106069663A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of quality vegetables implantation methods |
| CN115152584A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-11 | 山西农业大学 | Preparation of facility strawberry soilless culture composite matrix block |
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Application publication date: 20141001 |