CN103299888A - Paeonia lactiflora soilless culture substrate and application thereof - Google Patents
Paeonia lactiflora soilless culture substrate and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103299888A CN103299888A CN2013101514845A CN201310151484A CN103299888A CN 103299888 A CN103299888 A CN 103299888A CN 2013101514845 A CN2013101514845 A CN 2013101514845A CN 201310151484 A CN201310151484 A CN 201310151484A CN 103299888 A CN103299888 A CN 103299888A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Paeonia lactiflora soilless culture substrate, which comprises the following ingredients in parts by volume: 3-6 parts of distillers' grains, 2-3 parts of vermiculite and 2-3 parts of perlite. When the culture substrate is used for culturing Paeonia lactiflora, no any fertilizer is needed for application in the whole growth process of the Paeonia lactiflora. Compared with a turf mixed substrate, the substrate disclosed by the invention has the advantage that the screening cost is reduced by 32%, namely, the cost is only 163.2 yuan per square meter. The rate of finished products of cultured plants is 20% higher than the rate of finished products of plants cultured by using the turf mixed substrate, the average height of each plant is higher by 3cm, each pot has more flowers by 1-2, a single pot of flower has florescence of 3-4 days, and more pots of flowers have florescence of 6 days. With the adoption of the substrate, the use of the turf can be greatly reduced, the production cost is further reduced, and the culturing and growing steps are simplified.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant cultivation field, a kind of Chinese herbaceous peony soilless culture substrate of specific design and application thereof.
Background technology
Chinese herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) is one of China's tradition famous flower, but Chinese herbaceous peony is still planted based on big field at present, has only bloom spring, far can not meet the need of market, and therefore carries out facility soilless culture research and produces significant to its industrialization.The screening of cultivation matrix is the key of facility soilless culture, uses at present extensively, the cultivation matrix of effect relative ideal is the peat composed of rotten mosses, but because of the skewness of the peat composed of rotten mosses, limiting factor such as non-renewable, forces people to be devoted to the research and development of new cultivation matrix.According to its other resources situation, in conjunction with practicality and economy, select for use organic waste to replace the peat composed of rotten mosses to become of China recent years as cultivation matrix and give priority to direction.
Recent study person utilizes organic wastes such as maize straw, mushroom slag, slag, sawdust, peanut shell, cotton seed hull to carry out the Chinese herbaceous peony cultivation, the part that has realized the peat composed of rotten mosses is alternative or alternative fully, but from present test data, cultivation effect is all not ideal enough, index such as flowering rate, Hua Jing is all lower, and the matrix that different Chinese herbaceous peony kind is suited has certain difference.In addition, degradation speeds such as maize straw, cotton seed hull, peanut shell are very fast, and are bigger to the influence of matrix gas permeability, and the Chinese herbaceous peony fleshy root needs gas permeability preferably, otherwise cause mashed root easily, influence the growth of acrial part then.The Chinese herbaceous peony leaf chlorosis jaundice of mushroom slag, cotton seed hull substrate culture has certain influence to viewing and admiring.Therefore, need in conjunction with the Chinese herbaceous peony breediness, further seek the alternative host material of more suitable Chinese herbaceous peony.
Along with the growth of liquor consuming capacity and promoting the use of of vehicle fuel ethanol, the annual production of ethanol promotes gradually.The output of the accessory substance as alcohol production---rice husk vinasse is also increasing.China produces spirit stillage per year and reaches 2,100 ten thousand tons, not only contains inorganic elements and compositions such as pentose, total reducing sugar and fat such as rich in protein, phosphorus potassium in the vinasse, also may have micro-beneficiating ingredients such as the ribonucleic acid that produced by microbial cells and purine.Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of vinasse has very important meaning to development of resources and environmental protection.Vinasse are many at present uses as animal feed and biological organic fertilizer, and horticulture person begins to utilize vinasse to use as cultivation matrix in recent years, successively is applied to crops such as edible mushroom, Chinese sorghum, cotton, asparagus lettuce, fresh kidney beans, alfalfa, and cultivation effect is good.But relevant vinasse do not appear in the newspapers as the research of floriculture matrix.Therefore, in conjunction with the Chinese herbaceous peony own characteristic, exploitation is used vinasse to plant as Chinese herbaceous peony and is accompanied matrix, both can reduce the development and use of the peat composed of rotten mosses, and the protection environment reduces production costs, and can make the organic waste vinasse obtain resource circulation utilization again.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of Chinese herbaceous peony soilless culture substrate.
Chinese herbaceous peony soilless culture substrate of the present invention, composition vinasse 3-6, the vermiculite 2-3 and the perlite 2-3 that comprise following volume ratio, preferred volume ratio composition is vinasse 5, vermiculite 3 and perlite 2, with described cultivation matrix cultivation Chinese herbaceous peony, need not use any type of fertilizer in whole growth process.
Wherein, described vinasse are the rice husk vinasse, and particle diameter is 5-20mm, and the vermiculite particle diameter is 1-3mm, and the perlite particle diameter is 2-4mm.
Wherein, the unit weight of described matrix is 0.28g/cm during plantation
3, total porosity is 62%, and big or small void ratio is that 0.4, pH is 7.2, and electrical conductivity is 0.92mS/cm, and cation exchange capacity is 53.3cmol/kg, and the content of organic matter is 439g/kg, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 682mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 285mg/kg, available potassium is 720mg/kg.
In specific embodiment of the present invention, described Chinese herbaceous peony kind is ' peach blossom snow '.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of utilizing described cultivation matrix to carry out the Chinese herbaceous peony cultivation, and it comprises the steps:
1) by described volume ratio vinasse, vermiculite and perlite are mixed, spray during mixing 600-1000 doubly 70% mancozeb carry out chemical disinfection, mix the back and cover with plastic film, the fine stacking down carried out high-temperature sterilization in 5-7 days;
2) when plantation tiling 3-5cm at the bottom of basin haydite, it is ventilative to be beneficial to root, the haydite particle diameter is 10-20mm.
Compare peat composed of rotten mosses mixed-matrix, this invention screening matrix cost reduces by 32%, only is 163.2 yuan/m
2The plant yield rate of cultivation exceeds 20% than the former, and average plant height exceeds 3cm, and average every basin is opened 1-2 flower more, long 3-4 days single potted flower phase, long 6 days of colony's florescence.Utilize the rice husk vinasse to be mixed with the production that cultivation matrix is used for Chinese herbaceous peony, not only greatly reduce the use of the peat composed of rotten mosses, and effectively utilized the vinasse resource, need not to use any fertilizer in the cultivation process simultaneously, further reduce production cost, also simplified the step of cultivation maintenance.In addition, the vinasse source resource is extensive, and amount is big and concentrated, lays a good foundation for the present invention further applies.
Adopt matrix of the present invention to carry out the soilless culture of Chinese herbaceous peony ' peach blossom snow ', can realize that whole yield rate reaches 100%, plant height is 63-81cm, and the hat width of cloth is 60-66cm, every basin bloom 1-5 (average 3.3), flower footpath 12-16cm, single florescence 6-9 days, single potted flower phase average out to 11 days, colony's florescence (15 basin) reaches 18 days, pattern and flower type are normal, pattern and the normal cultivation effect of flower type.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The cultivation of embodiment 1 Chinese herbaceous peony substitutes the matrix screening
Selected for use peanut shell, maize straw, cotton seed hull, mushroom slag, sawdust, bark, wood chip, 8 kinds of organic wastes of vinasse and vermiculite, perlite as the raw material of Chinese herbaceous peony cultivation matrix, it has been made into 10 kinds of mixed-matrixes (seeing Table 1).Physicochemical property to 10 kinds of mixed-matrixes is measured, and the result shows that the big or small void ratio of A, G, three matrix of I is respectively 0.21,0.24,0.19, and gas permeability is relatively poor, can not satisfy the gas permeability of Chinese herbaceous peony fleshy root; Two substrate pH meta-acids of D, G are respectively 5.68 and 6.21, not within the optimum range of Chinese herbaceous peony cultivation matrix; The total porosity of E matrix is 65.9% only, does not meet within the optimum range of cultivation matrix.
Therefore, in conjunction with The above results, filter out 4 kinds of prescriptions and carry out experiment in cultivation from 10 kinds of prescriptions, 4 kinds of prescriptions are respectively B: vinasse 5, vermiculite 3, perlite 2; C: peanut shell 5, vermiculite 3, perlite 2; F: maize straw 3, mushroom slag 4, sawdust 3; J: cotton seed hull 4, vermiculite 3, perlite 3.The Chinese herbaceous peony kind of selecting for use is " peach blossom snow ".
Table 110 kind of composite matrix
On September 22nd, 2010, evenly mix by B, C, four kinds of proportionings of F, J with matrix Chinese herbaceous peony is potted plant, the mancozeb that sprays 1000 times 70% in the matrix mixed process simultaneously carries out disinfection to matrix.The matrix that mixes is stacked at outdoor open place, covers with plastic film, place and carried out the daylighting hyperthermia sterilization in 5 days.
On September 27th, 2010, ' peach blossom snow ' seedling (average every strain contains bud 4-6) is planted in the matrix that mixes bore 28cm on the basin, high 30cm, the haydite layer of tiling 3-5cm at the bottom of the basin.And after plantation, water 1 time permeable, neatly put in ventilate, open outdoor vacant lot, keep afterwards that matrix is moistening to get final product.
On December 23rd, 2010 moved into the greenhouse with potted plant Chinese herbaceous peony ' peach blossom snow ', and not heating in the greenhouse, remains on 0 ℃ (± 4 ℃), move into water behind the greenhouse one time permeable.
On February 20th, 2011, the greenhouse began to heat, and the temperature control at night is at 10～15 ℃, and day temperature control is at 20-28 ℃.Humidity remains on about 50% in the greenhouse.Carry out Routine Management after the rudiment of Chinese herbaceous peony plant, do not use any type of fertilizer in B, F, three kinds of matrix whole growth process of J, do not use any type of fertilizer in half plant whole growth process in the C matrix, half plant plant budding period, stem elongating stage, cauline leaf vegetative period, educate the flower bud phase and flower is respectively used once " flower the more " board composite fertilizer (m (N): m (P): m (K): be 20:20:20 early stage, application concentration is 0.9g/L, amount of application is the 1L/ basin), spend the later stage to use three times.
Plant after 1 year (2011), C, F, three kinds of matrix height of J all have decline in various degree, by monitoring matrix physicochemical property as can be known, three kinds of matrix unit weights increase gradually, total porosity slightly reduces, and big or small void ratio reduces gradually, has influenced the growth of Chinese herbaceous peony root system to a certain extent.And the every index of B matrix is all more stable, and only total porosity slightly descends.Get in each matrix plant in September, 2012 and measure its biomass, weight of root system is significantly higher than other matrix in the B matrix, and weight of root system is respectively B (311.6kg) from high to low〉J(257.3kg) F(221.8kg) C(180.5kg).
The plant yield rate reaches 100% in the B matrix, and plant height is 62-82cm, and the hat width of cloth is 60-65cm, every basin is bloomed 1-5 (average 3), flower footpath 12-15cm, single florescence 6-10 days, single potted flower phase average out to 10 days, colony's florescence (15 basin) reaches 18 days, and pattern and flower type are normal.
The plant yield rate was not 70% when C matrix was not applied fertilizer, and plant height is 45-81cm, and the hat width of cloth is 50-61cm, every basin is bloomed 0-5 (average 1.4), flower footpath 11-16cm, single florescence 6-9 days, single potted flower phase average out to 9 days, at long 10 days of colony's florescence (15 basin), pattern and flower type are normal.B matrix when fertilising yield rate is 78%, and plant height is 56-73cm, and the hat width of cloth is 58-62cm, and every basin is bloomed 0-4 (average 2), flower footpath 12-16cm, single florescence 6-10 days, average 10 days of single potted flower phase, at long 17 days of colony's florescence (15 basin), pattern and the type of spending are normal.
The plant yield rate is 50% in the F matrix, and plant height is 42-70cm, and the hat width of cloth is 45-53cm, every basin bloom 0-3 (average 1.4), flower footpath 11-14cm, single florescence 5-8 days, average 9 days of single potted flower phase, at long 15 days of colony's florescence (15 basin), plant is short and small, and pattern and flower type are normal.
The plant yield rate is 68% in the J matrix, and plant height is 50-65cm, and the hat width of cloth is 50-57cm, every basin bloom 0-3 (average 1.7), flower footpath 12-14cm, single florescence 5-9 days, average 10 days of single potted flower phase, long 16 days of colony's florescence (15 basin), the jaundice of plant leaf look chlorosis, pattern and flower type are normal.
In sum, 4 kinds of matrix all can make the plant normal growth, but the one-tenth of C, F, three kinds of matrix of J flower effect is all not as good as B matrix, even and the fertilising of C matrix afterwards effect also be not so good as B matrix.
Embodiment 2
Every chemical index and available nutrient content to matrix formulations (vinasse 5, vermiculite 3, perlite 2) are measured, and are analyzed with peat composed of rotten mosses matrix (peat composed of rotten mosses 3, vermiculite 1, perlite 1).
The mensuration of pH: take by weighing air-dry matrix 10g, put into the 150ml beaker, add 50ml water, use magnetic stirrer 1min, measure with acidometer behind the placement 0.5h.
The mensuration of electrical conductivity (EC): take by weighing matrix 10g, put into the 250ml triangular flask, add 50ml water, build bottle stopper, vibration 3min leaves standstill the clarification back and measures with conductivity gauge.
The mensuration of cation exchange capacity (CEC): adopt the ammonium acetate exchange process to measure
The mensuration of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: adopt the alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process
The mensuration of rapid available phosphorus: adopt NaHCO
3The lixiviate molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.
The mensuration of available potassium: adopt NH
4OAc lixiviate flame spectrometry.
Organic: as to adopt the potassium bichromate solution method to measure.
The vinasse substrate pH is 6.5 separately, and electrical conductivity is 1.44mS/cm, and cation exchange capacity is 77.9cmol/kg, the content of organic matter is 435mg/g, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 1510mg/g, and rapid available phosphorus is 604mg/g, available potassium is 1390mg/g, and mixed matrix formulations unit weight is 0.28g/cm
3, total porosity is 62%, and big or small void ratio is that 0.4, pH is 7.2, and electrical conductivity is 0.92mS/cm, and cation exchange capacity is 53.3cmol/kg, and the content of organic matter is 439g/kg, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 682mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 285mg/kg, available potassium is 720mg/kg.And peat composed of rotten mosses mixed-matrix unit weight is 0.43g/cm
3, total porosity is 80%, and big or small void ratio is that 0.7, pH is 6.9, and electrical conductivity is 0.46mS/cm, and cation exchange capacity is 27.1cmol/kg, and the content of organic matter is 85g/kg, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 136mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 20mg/kg, available potassium is 105mg/kg.
This invention screening matrix unit weight significantly is lower than peat composed of rotten mosses mixed-matrix, and electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity and available nutrient are significantly higher than peat composed of rotten mosses mixed-matrix.Peat composed of rotten mosses mixed-matrix need be used 8 nutrient solutions in the plant strain growth process (mother liquor is Japanese water rice culture nutrient solution prescription, changing wherein, the content of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is nitrogen 300mg/L, phosphorus 80mg/L, potassium 120mg/L), and need not to use any fertilizer in this invention screening substrate culture process.
Embodiment 3
In September, 2011, the matrix formulations (vinasse 5, vermiculite 3, perlite 2) and the peat composed of rotten mosses matrix (peat composed of rotten mosses 3, vermiculite 1, perlite 1) that filter out are carried out pot experiment, cultivation and management method are with embodiment 1.Do not use any type of fertilizer in the screening matrix whole growth process, peat composed of rotten mosses matrix plant budding period, stem elongating stage, cauline leaf vegetative period, educate the flower bud phase and flower is respectively used one time of nutrition liquid early stage, spend the later stage to use nutrient solution three times, the nutrient solution mother liquor is Japanese water rice culture nutrient solution prescription, changing wherein, the content of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is nitrogen 300mg/L, phosphorus 80mg/L, potassium 120mg/L.
The plant yield rate reaches 100% in the screening matrix in 2012, and plant height is 63-81cm, and the hat width of cloth is 60-66cm, every basin is bloomed 1-5 (average 3.3), flower footpath 12-16cm, single florescence 6-9 days, single potted flower phase average out to 11 days, colony's florescence (15 basin) reaches 18 days, and pattern and flower type are normal.
Peat composed of rotten mosses matrix plant yield rate is 80%, and plant height is 58-73cm, and the hat width of cloth is 63-68cm, every basin is bloomed 0-3 (average 1.9), flower footpath 12-16cm, single florescence 6-8 days, single potted flower phase average out to 8 days, colony's florescence (15 basin) is 12 days, pattern and flower type are normal.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Chinese herbaceous peony soilless culture substrate, it comprises the composition of following volume ratio: vinasse 3-6, vermiculite 2-3 and perlite 2-3, with described cultivation matrix cultivation Chinese herbaceous peony, need not use any type of fertilizer in whole growth process.
2. cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it comprises the composition of following volume ratio: vinasse 5, vermiculite 3 and perlite 2.
3. cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described vinasse are the rice husk vinasse, and particle diameter is 5-20mm, and the vermiculite particle diameter is 1-3mm, and the perlite particle diameter is 2-4mm.
4. cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described matrix formulations unit weight is 0.28g/cm during plantation
3, total porosity is 62%, and big or small void ratio is that 0.4, pH is 7.2, and electrical conductivity is 0.92mS/cm, and cation exchange capacity is 53.3cmol/kg, and the content of organic matter is 439g/kg, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 682mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 285mg/kg, available potassium is 720mg/kg.
5. as claim 1～or 2 described cultivation matrixes, it is characterized in that described Chinese herbaceous peony kind is ' peach blossom snow '.
6. one kind is utilized each described cultivation matrix of claim 1～5 to carry out the method that Chinese herbaceous peony is cultivated, and it comprises the steps:
1) by described volume ratio vinasse, vermiculite and perlite are mixed, spray during mixing 600-1000 doubly 70% mancozeb carry out chemical disinfection, mix the back and cover with plastic film, the fine stacking down carried out high-temperature sterilization in 5-7 days;
2) when plantation tiling 3-5cm at the bottom of basin haydite, it is ventilative to be beneficial to root, the haydite particle diameter is 10-20mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103493677A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-01-08 | 河南科技大学 | Method of cutting propagation of peony immature stem |
| CN103563723A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-02-12 | 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 | Medium formula for garden ground cover plant seedling raising |
| CN104072287A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-01 | 南京农业大学 | Vinegar residue composite matrix for cultivating green-leaf vegetables |
| CN104904578A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-09-16 | 吴华球 | Method for increasing survival rate of transplanting of tissue culture seedlings of cherry blossoms |
| CN106912287A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-04 | 张楠 | It is a kind of to change the method that Paeoniaceae spends product pattern |
| CN108849391A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州环山农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of oil tea seedling culture matrix formulations and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103563723A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-02-12 | 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 | Medium formula for garden ground cover plant seedling raising |
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| CN103493677B (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-01-28 | 河南科技大学 | Method of cutting propagation of peony immature stem |
| CN104072287A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-01 | 南京农业大学 | Vinegar residue composite matrix for cultivating green-leaf vegetables |
| CN104904578A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-09-16 | 吴华球 | Method for increasing survival rate of transplanting of tissue culture seedlings of cherry blossoms |
| CN106912287A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-04 | 张楠 | It is a kind of to change the method that Paeoniaceae spends product pattern |
| CN108849391A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州环山农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of oil tea seedling culture matrix formulations and preparation method thereof |
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