CN103694039A - Lightweight culture medium of fine camellia rosthorniana and container seedling raising method - Google Patents
Lightweight culture medium of fine camellia rosthorniana and container seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103694039A CN103694039A CN201310651797.7A CN201310651797A CN103694039A CN 103694039 A CN103694039 A CN 103694039A CN 201310651797 A CN201310651797 A CN 201310651797A CN 103694039 A CN103694039 A CN 103694039A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lightweight culture medium of fine camellia rosthorniana and a container seedling raising method. The lightweight culture medium of fine camellia rosthorniana comprises fermented agricultural wastes, garden soil and perlite, wherein the fermented agricultural wastes comprise straw, deadwood and fallen leaves. Compared with the traditional seedling cultivating in field, the method has the advantages that plants grow very precocious and fast, the flowering period is prolonged, the water and fertilizer can be saved, and the cost is low. With the adoption of the container seedling raising method in cultivation of landscape greening plants, the transplanting survival rate is greatly increased, the problem that the fine camellia rosthorniana has poor resistance on transplanting, storing and transporting can be solved, and the bottleneck constraints of the fine camellia rosthorniana in actual application can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to the container nursery technology that Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea, relate in particular to light cultivation matrix and container seedling culture method thereof that Hubei Province, a kind of applicable river connects the growth of stamen tea breeding.
Background technology
Hubei Province, river connect stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains snow ' ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' be I the breeding of autonomous seed selection, within 2009, passed through Hubei Province's high quality tree species and authorized.This breeding has the features such as the four seasons are evergreen, plant type is attractive in appearance, flower is dense, tool delicate fragrance, strong resistance, resistance to half shade, resistance to pruning, it is rare aroma type tea flower variety resource, also be good Novel garden hedgerow, cover plant kind, in gardens, be applicable to being applied to sylvan life by, border growth, flower border, flower bed, color lump etc., application potential is huge.In actual production, this breeding mainly adopts cottage propagation, and rooting rate can reach more than 90%, and cuttage seeding is transplanted into land for growing field crops and carries out nursery stock cultivation after taking root, and 3-4 can go out garden and transplant.But going out when transplant in garden easily to injure root system, if can not plant in time the same day after digging, plant is prone to the obviously problem of reduction of dehydration, transplanting survival rate.This problem has become Hubei Province, river and has connected the main limiting factor that stamen tea breeding is applied in afforestation.
Container nursery have plant root grow, be beneficial to cultivate high-quality strong sprout, do not hinder root system while transplanting, the advantage such as transplanting survival rate is high, convenient management, saving soil, fund, become in recent years one of main seedling raising manners of modern flowers and trees industries standardization production, in the whole world, being widely used, is to solve Hubei Province, above-mentioned river to connect the not high direct effective means of stamen tea breeding transplanting survival rate.
Peat is conventional cultivation matrix during flower plants and nursery stock is produced, but non-renewable due to peat causes utilizing peat raise seedling cost high on the one hand, and the overexploitation of peat resource is also unfavorable for local environment protection on the other hand.Therefore, in order to reduce Hubei Province, river, connect stamen tea breeding container nursery cost and protection of the environment, be necessary to develop eco-friendly substrate.China is large agricultural country, there are every year a large amount of agricultural wastes to fail rationally to utilize as stalk, fallen leaves, deadwood etc., if can be applied to the container nursery cultivation matrix that Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea, not only turn waste into wealth, also reduced production cost, improved the comprehensive utilization ratio of natural resources simultaneously.In the research of camellia cultivation matrix, document < < soilless culture Flower of Japanese Camellia > > (golden father-in-law, China's flowers and trees bonsai,, 2000,7:27) middle author uses slag 30%, vermiculite 30%, fresh sawdust 40% is as the cultivation matrix of camellia, and wherein slag is difficult for obtaining, and is applicable to small-scale family and transplants the cultivation matrix while supporting camellia.The selection > > (Gao Jiyin etc. of document < < Flower of Japanese Camellia Artificial Potting Media and fertilizer application formula, forestry scientific research, 1991,4(3): 308-313) with document < < camellia seedling soilless culture substrate formulating > > (Zhai rose etc., Zhejiang Forestry Institute journal, 2008,25(6); 817-822) filter out respectively vermiculite: mud stone=2:1, vermiculite: river sand: peat=10:5:1 and perlite: peat=2:1 is the substrate formula that suitable camellia is planted.But wherein all used peat as one of formula, therefore higher at cost, and be unfavorable for the protection of peat home environment.Patent documentation < < Yunnan camellia soilless culture matrix > > (application number 200910095041.2, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Horticultural Workstation) in, adopted common cultivation matrix (floating plant grow seedlings accurate matrix): the substrate formula of bark: perlite=55-65:30-40:5, wherein common cultivation matrix is that Dali produces, at home other regions difficult acquisition; Bark resource-constrained is used bark to be also unfavorable for ecological protection as matrix components simultaneously.Patent documentation < < nutraceutical matrix > > (application number 201210427543.2 for camellia batch production potted flower culture, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Horticultural Workstation) in, introduced camellia cultivation matrix: weight ratio is perlite 20%-25%, volcanized rock 10%-15% active substance 3-5%, the fertile 5-7% of full nutrition slow-release, surplus is leaf-humidified soil.Wherein volcanized rock is a kind of nonmetal natural filtering material, and price is more expensive, is generally used for craft articles, views and admires the purposes such as fish jar goods of furniture for display rather than for use, is applied to improve in plant cultivation media production cost.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention adopts container seedling culture method, from the liquid manure demand side of light-duty cultivation medium formula, nursery stock, conduct a research, finally obtain Hubei Province, a kind of applicable river and connected the light cultivation substrate formula of stamen tea breeding and simple and convenient management, with low cost and effectively improve the container seedling culture method of transplanting survival rate, can effectively improve that the growth of traditional field seedling raising is slow, transplanting survival rate is low, high in cost of production problem, has thoroughly solved the limiting factor of this breeding in production application.
The object of this invention is to provide the light cultivation matrix that Hubei Province, a kind of applicable river connects the growth of stamen tea breeding.
Another object of the present invention is to provide Hubei Province, a kind of and above-mentioned river and connects the matching used container nursery cultivating method of stamen tea breeding light cultivation matrix.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Hubei Province, river connects a stamen tea breeding light cultivation matrix, and described light cultivation matrix comprises fermentation agricultural wastes, garden mould and perlite, and described agricultural wastes comprise stalk, deadwood and fallen leaves.
Preferably, Hubei Province, river as above connects stamen tea breeding light cultivation matrix, wherein said light cultivation matrix by the agricultural wastes that ferment, garden mould and perlite according to volume ratio 2:(0.8-1.2): proportioning (0.8-1.2) is mixed.In a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, described light cultivation matrix is mixed according to the proportioning of volume ratio 2:1:1 by the agricultural wastes that ferment, garden mould and perlite.
Further preferably, Hubei Province, river as above connects stamen tea breeding light cultivation matrix, wherein said fermentation agricultural wastes are prepared from as follows: the powder that agricultural wastes is ground into maximum particle diameter 5mm, median size 1mm, be that 1-3 ‰ adds fermenting agent by mass percentage, again by mass percentage for 10-15% adds chicken manure, fully stir, mixing rear watering is stirred to water content and reaches 55-60%(v/v), mix rear heap and be in strip long buttress, with plastic film, build fermentation 0.8-1.5 month, in fermenting process, turning is 1-2 time; Wherein, described fermenting agent be by saccharomycopsis fibuligera (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) ZJY2 and grey gamboge streptomycete (Streptomyces griseoluteus) W1 in 1: the parts by weight ratio of 0.1-1 is carried out compound and is obtained.
It should be noted that, the prepared Hubei Province, above-mentioned river of the present invention connects stamen tea breeding light cultivation matrix, its need before use with 50% commercially available derosal according to the dilution proportion of volume ratio 1:400 after to the light cultivation matrix spray sterilization preparing, fine day is placed after 3-4 days standby.In addition, fermenting agent of the present invention, (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) ZJY2 of saccharomycopsis fibuligera wherein and grey gamboge streptomycete (Streptomyces griseoluteus) W1 are selected from Chinese invention patent CN 1563352A(application number: 200410039818.0; Denomination of invention: bacterial strain fermenting agent of processing for agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof) adopting.
The Hubei Province, river that adopts above-mentioned light cultivation matrix to carry out connects a stamen tea breeding container seedling culture method, and the method comprises the steps:
(1) basin on lifting
Trip out cuttage root-taking seedling March from seedbed, the about 15cm of plant height, plant in commercially available diameter * height as in the disposable polyethylene polypots of 15cm * 15cm, method for planting is: first described light cultivation matrix is filled to 1/2 of vessel volume, put into seedling, continue dress light cultivation matrix, compacting, the light cultivation matrix after compacting should be to 4/5 of vessel volume;
(2) water management
Seedling after upper basin is neatly put under the shading shed of 50% transmittance, and water pipe is poured water to seedling root, and soil is contacted with root closely, and current are unsuitable excessive, in order to avoid go out seedling, waters afterwards when basin soil surface drying;
(3) fertilising
After upper basin, annual fertilising is 2 times, and the 4-5 month in spring is executed slow-release fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are 20:10:20, and the 10-11 month in autumn is executed cake fertilizer.
Preferably, Hubei Province, river as above connects stamen tea breeding container seedling culture method, and the operation of wherein executing slow-release fertilizer spring is as follows: at container soil surface, spread fertilizer over the fields slow-release fertilizer, the about 3-5g of every basin, waters after fertilising.
Preferably, Hubei Province, river as above connects stamen tea breeding container seedling culture method, and wherein the operation of Fertilizer In Autumn cake fertilizer is as follows, every basin is executed cake fertilizer amount and is about 25g, and fertilizing method is that cake fertilizer and garden mould volume ratio 1:1 mix, and then in basin, digs the hole that 10cm is dark, pour the fertilizer preparing in hole earthing, water permeable.
Further preferably, Hubei Province, river as above connects stamen tea breeding container seedling culture method, and wherein said cake fertilizer is that rape cake fertilizer is or/and peanut cake fertilizer.
Hubei Province, river provided by the invention connects stamen tea breeding light cultivation matrix and container seedling culture method connects the container nursery of stamen tea breeding for Hubei Province, river, compare with traditional field seedling raising, greatly improved the transplanting survival rate while garden, and plant strain growth speed is fast, growing way is healthy and strong, longer blooming period, and Hua Jing increases, liquid manure consumption reduces, and has saved production cost.
Embodiment
Be below the specific embodiment the present invention relates to, technical scheme of the present invention is done to further description, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.Every do not deviate from the change of the present invention design or be equal to substitute include within protection scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
1, the preparation of light cultivation matrix
Agricultural wastes (stalk, deadwood and fallen leaves) are ground into maximum particle diameter 5mm, the powder of median size 1mm, add the fermenting agent of 2 ‰ (mass percents), add again 10%(mass percent) chicken manure, fully stir, mix rear watering and be stirred to water content and reach 55-60%(v/v), mix rear heap and be in strip long buttress, with plastic film, build fermentation 1 month, in fermenting process, turning is 2 times.Agricultural wastes after fermentation and garden mould and perlite are mixed according to the proportioning of 2:1:1.With 50% commercially available derosal according to the dilution proportion of volume ratio 1:400 after to the light cultivation matrix spray sterilization preparing, fine day is placed after 3-4 days standby.
The preparation of fermenting agent: saccharomycopsis fibuligera (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) ZJY2 and grey gamboge streptomycete (Streptomyces griseoluteus) W1 are carried out to compound (complex method is referring to patent CN 1563352A specification sheets 5-6 page) in the parts by weight ratio of 1:0.5, be the fermenting agent of the present invention's agricultural wastes used.Its bacterium number is more than 0.5 hundred million cfu/ grams, and water ratio is between 8～14%.
2, container nursery and water and fertilizer management
According to the people such as Chen Fazhi (Chen Fazhi, Tong Jun, hide little Mei, Xu Lin, reaches the clouds recklessly. and Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea introduction and acclimatization and breeds research, hubei agricultural science, 2011,51(4): method 739-743) obtains the cuttage root-taking seedling that Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea breeding, and trip out cuttage root-taking seedling March from seedbed, plant height approximately 15 cm, plant in commercially available diameter * height as in the disposable polyethylene polypots of 15cm * 15cm.Method for planting is: first light cultivation matrix is filled to 1/2 of vessel volume, puts into seedling, continue dress soil, and compacting, the Nutrition Soil after compacting should be to 4/5 of container, will note protecting seedling during dress soil
Seedling after upper basin is neatly put under the shading shed of 50% transmittance, and water pipe is poured water to seedling root, and soil is contacted with root closely, and current are unsuitable excessive, in order to avoid go out seedling.When basin soil surface drying, water afterwards.
After upper basin, annual fertilising is 2 times, and the 4-5 month in spring is executed slow-release fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 20:10:20, and the 10-11 month in autumn is executed cake fertilizer, and rape cake fertilizer, peanut cake fertilizer all can.
The operation of executing slow-release fertilizer spring is as follows: at container soil surface, spread fertilizer over the fields slow-release fertilizer, the about 3-5g of every basin, waters after fertilising.
The operation of Fertilizer In Autumn cake fertilizer is as follows, and every basin is executed cake fertilizer amount and is about 25g, and fertilizing method is that cake fertilizer and garden mould volume ratio 1:1 mix, and then in basin, digs the hole that 10cm is dark, pours the fertilizer preparing in hole earthing, waters permeable.
the contrast of embodiment 2 light cultivation matrix and peat growing medium
?adopt the container seedling culture method in the present invention, take peat: garden mould: the matrix that perlite volume ratio is 2:1:1 is control group (CK), fermentation agricultural wastes prepared by the embodiment 1 of take: garden mould: the light cultivation matrix that perlite volume ratio is 2:1:1 is treatment group, cultivation Hubei Province, river connected stamen tea breeding cuttage seeding after 2 years, contrast seedling growth, the situation of blooming.Result shows, light cultivation matrix provided by the invention is with all slightly high than the peat growing medium contrasting in plant height, hat width and flower amount.Therefore, light cultivation matrix can replace peat growing medium to carry out container nursery.
table 1 light cultivation matrix and peat growing medium connect the comparison of stamen tea breeding growth to Hubei Province, river
| Matrix | 2 years raw seedling plant heights (cm) | 2 years raw seedling hat width (cm) | Individual plant flower amount (piece) |
| Control group | 30 | 24 | 43 |
| Treatment group | 32 | 26 | 46 |
the contrast of embodiment 3 container nurseries and field seedling raising
Adopt the container seedling culture method in embodiment 1, with traditional field seedling raising, (before transplanting, complete cultivation is carried out in land for growing field crops, execute decomposed manure 6000kg/hm
2, transplanted seedling tree density is 8000-10000 strain/hm
2) be contrast, Hubei Province, 2 years raw rivers connects stamen tea breeding seedling early growth situation in Table 2.Result shows, container nursery on plant height, hat width and flower amount and transplanting survival rate apparently higher than field seedling raising.
table 2 container nursery and field seedling raising connect the comparison of the growth of stamen tea breeding and transplanting survival rate to Hubei Province, river
| Method for culturing seedlings | 2 years raw seedling plant heights (cm) | 2 years raw seedling hat width (cm) | Individual plant flower amount (piece) | Transplanting survival rate % |
| Field seedling raising (CK) | 25 | 21 | 28 | 74 |
| Container nursery | 32 | 24 | 45 | 98 |
the grow seedlings impact of embodiment 4 container seedling culture method of the present invention on different varieties
Adopt the container seedling culture method in embodiment 1, in March, 2012 Hubei Province, river is connected to stamen tea breeding ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' and Yunnan Tea flower variety and ' avenge ' 1 year handsome and give birth to the cuttage seeding simultaneous test of growing seedlings in Forestry Fruit Tree Science Inst., Wuhan City.Result shows, adopts cultivation after 1 year, and ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' all survives robust growth; ' avenging handsome ' surviving rate is only 67%, illustrates that this method is applicable to Hubei Province, river and connects stamen tea, and not too applicable for the poor Camellia reticulata strain of heat-resisting winter hardiness.
Claims (8)
1. Hubei Province, river connects a stamen tea breeding light cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that: described light cultivation matrix comprises fermentation agricultural wastes, garden mould and perlite, and described agricultural wastes comprise stalk, deadwood and fallen leaves.
2. Hubei Province, river according to claim 1 connects stamen tea breeding light cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that: described light cultivation matrix by the agricultural wastes that ferment, garden mould and perlite according to volume ratio 2:(0.8-1.2): proportioning (0.8-1.2) is mixed.
3. Hubei Province, river according to claim 1 and 2 connects stamen tea breeding light cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that: described fermentation agricultural wastes are prepared from as follows: agricultural wastes are ground into maximum particle diameter 5mm, the powder of median size 1mm, be that 1-3 ‰ adds fermenting agent by mass percentage, again by mass percentage for 10-15% adds chicken manure, fully stir, mixing rear watering is stirred to water content and reaches 55-60%(v/v), mix rear heap and be in strip long buttress, with plastic film, build fermentation 0.8-1.5 month, in fermenting process, turning is 1-2 time, wherein, described fermenting agent be by saccharomycopsis fibuligera (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) ZJY2 and grey gamboge streptomycete (Streptomyces griseoluteus) W1 in 1: the parts by weight ratio of 0.1-1 is carried out compound and is obtained.
4. Hubei Province, river according to claim 2 connects stamen tea breeding light cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that: described light cultivation matrix is mixed according to the proportioning of volume ratio 2:1:1 by the agricultural wastes that ferment, garden mould and perlite.
5. adopt Hubei Province, river that light cultivation matrix is carried out described in claim 1 or 2 to connect a stamen tea breeding container seedling culture method, it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:
(1) basin on lifting
Trip out cuttage root-taking seedling March from seedbed, the about 15cm of plant height, plant in commercially available diameter * height as in the disposable polyethylene polypots of 15cm * 15cm, method for planting is: first described light cultivation matrix is filled to 1/2 of vessel volume, put into seedling, continue dress light cultivation matrix, compacting, the light cultivation matrix after compacting should be to 4/5 of vessel volume;
(2) water management
Seedling after upper basin is neatly put under the shading shed of 50% transmittance, and water pipe is poured water to seedling root, and soil is contacted with root closely, and current are unsuitable excessive, in order to avoid go out seedling, waters afterwards when basin soil surface drying;
(3) fertilising
After upper basin, annual fertilising is 2 times, and the 4-5 month in spring is executed slow-release fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn are 20:10:20, and the 10-11 month in autumn is executed cake fertilizer.
6. Hubei Province, river according to claim 5 connects stamen tea breeding container seedling culture method, it is characterized in that: the operation of executing slow-release fertilizer spring is as follows: at container soil surface, spread fertilizer over the fields slow-release fertilizer, the about 3-5g of every basin, waters after fertilising.
7. Hubei Province, river according to claim 5 connects stamen tea breeding container seedling culture method, it is characterized in that: the operation of Fertilizer In Autumn cake fertilizer is as follows, every basin is executed cake fertilizer amount and is about 25g, fertilizing method is that cake fertilizer and garden mould volume ratio 1:1 mix, then in basin, dig the hole that 10cm is dark, pour the fertilizer preparing in hole earthing, water permeable.
8. Hubei Province, river according to claim 7 connects stamen tea breeding container seedling culture method, it is characterized in that: described cake fertilizer is that rape cake fertilizer is or/and peanut cake fertilizer.
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| CN104396623A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-03-11 | 昆山市畜牧兽医站 | Tomato seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN104844356A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-19 | 中国农业科学院柑桔研究所 | Solid substrate for raising seedlings by citrus container and preparation method of solid substrate |
| CN106900413A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-06-30 | 东莞植物园 | Luxuriant tongue orchid cultivation matrix that a kind of utilization garden waste makes and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104844356A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-19 | 中国农业科学院柑桔研究所 | Solid substrate for raising seedlings by citrus container and preparation method of solid substrate |
| CN106900413A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-06-30 | 东莞植物园 | Luxuriant tongue orchid cultivation matrix that a kind of utilization garden waste makes and preparation method thereof |
| CN106900413B (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2019-12-17 | 东莞植物园 | cymbidium bracteatum culture medium prepared from garden waste and preparation method thereof |
| CN111279966A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-16 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | Quercus mongolica rapid propagation method |
| CN114451254A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-10 | 东北林业大学 | Light-weight renewable chrysanthemum cultivation medium |
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