CN104844356A - Solid substrate for raising seedlings by citrus container and preparation method of solid substrate - Google Patents
Solid substrate for raising seedlings by citrus container and preparation method of solid substrate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a solid substrate for raising seedlings by a citrus container and a preparation method of the solid substrate. The solid substrate raising the seedlings by the citrus container comprises, in weight percent, 25-50% of organic sludge, 25-50% of rice husks, 0-35% of chicken manure and 0-35% of river sand or 30-50% of chicken manure residue, 30-50% of rice husks and 0-35% of river sand which are mixed. Peat is replaced by the aid of industrial and agricultural waste, the ideal solid substrate applicable to raising the seedlings by the citrus container is developed, the components of the substrate are optimized, and the novel solid substrate for raising the seedlings by the citrus container has the advantages that the solid substrate is green, environmentally friendly, low in cost and simple in preparation process, and growth and development of the citrus seedlings are facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of cultivation, be specifically related to the solid substrate and preparation method thereof for citrus container nursery.
Background technology
Citrus is the large fruit of the first in the world, and 2005 gross annual output amounts about 1.05 hundred million tons, account for 22% of world's fruit ultimate production.World's year volume of trade of citrus product (comprising fresh fruit, orange juice and tangerine lobe can etc.) is about 6,500,000,000 dollars, and being only second to corn and wheat, is the third-largest trade agricultural-food.China is one of important origin center of world's citrus, citrus industry fast development in recent years, and within 2007, China's citrus area reaches more than 2,000 ten thousand mu, ranks first in the world; Output reaches more than 1,700 ten thousand tons, occupies second place of the world, is only second to Brazil's (2,399 ten thousand tons).Citrus is one of 11 kinds of advantageous agricultural products of Ministry of Agriculture's planning, has become a large mainstay industry of south China main producing region rural economy, for promoting increasing peasant income, expanding urban and rural residents' employment and improve the ecological environment and made positive contribution.Along with developing rapidly of China's citrus industry, the demand of citrus nursery stock is also sharply increased, external Container nursery technique is digested absorption gradually at home, various places government and orchard worker also progressively recognize the advantage of container seedling, in the container nursery of large-scale popularization application citrus, the medium type and mixture technical study of cultivating citrus nursery stock have also been obtained corresponding development.
Solid substrate for citrus container nursery is also just equivalent to the earth of conventional seedbed system, and it must meet citrus seedling and fix, the primary demands such as the absorption of moisture, air and nutrient.Citrus solid substrate cultivation mesostroma is generally packed in limited space, and as seed tray, cave dish, nursery bucket, alms bowl etc., but its intrinsic aquitard existed lacks satisfactory texture, and microbe species and colony's imbalance.Current China citrus container nursery about 90% employing peat is organic substrate, and other matrix of mixture has good result after using.But effective release of this nutrition is uncontrollable, not at the uniform velocity, therefore, the nutrient situation of plant available is uncertain, be unfavorable for the accuracy controlling of nutrient and water, simultaneously by the restriction of traditional cultivation, the solid substrate that China cultivates citrus nursery stock adopts turfy soil, husk or the composition such as wood sawdust, river sand mostly.Its cost of turfy soil is high, and wood sawdust limits to by resource, is all Nonrenewable resources, and destructible marsh and forest environment.In order to solve this technical problem, also the research utilizing agriculture and industry waste to carry out alternative peat has in succession been carried out in prior art, the such as patent No. is the patent of invention of 201410396604.2, disclose a kind of Medium of Container Seedling being applicable to citrus growth and preparation method thereof, this Medium of Container Seedling is made up of mud, river sand, and described mud is one or more in copper water-supply pipe, industrial wastewater sludge and domestic sewage sludge.This patent can make sewage sludge waste utilize, and solves the problem of sludge disposal difficulty, reduces the production cost of Medium of Container Seedling.Although Medium of Container Seedling of the present invention can substitute the novel solid matrix of peat composed of rotten mosses type or wood sawdust type matrix completely, but the nutrient situation of plant available is uncertain, be unfavorable for the accuracy controlling of nutrient and water, and its nutritive ingredient can not meet seedling demand completely, well can not overcome the limiting factor of Ci trus growth growth.Therefore, a kind of novel solid matrix that can substitute peat composed of rotten mosses type or wood sawdust type matrix completely can be invented, and make it have high-quality, inexpensive, wide source, the simple advantage of preparation technology become those skilled in the art's technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention utilizes agriculture and industry waste to carry out alternative peat, exploitation is suitable for use in the solid substrate of citrus container nursery, by studying the difference of different substrates nutritive ingredient and physicochemical character, and the difference of matrix nutrition composition and physicochemical character is on the impact of citrus seedling growth index, analyze it relational, finally on the basis analyzed and study, draw formula of the solid substrate for citrus container nursery of the present invention and preparation method thereof, optimize composition and the preparation technology of matrix.Technical scheme of the present invention is:
For cultivating the solid substrate for citrus container nursery, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery comprises the component of following weight percent:
Preferably, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery also comprises the component of following weight percent:
More preferably, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery also comprises the component of following weight percent:
Described organic sludge is one or more combinations in copper water-supply pipe, industrial wastewater sludge or domestic sewage sludge.
For a solid substrate for citrus container nursery, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery comprises the component of following weight percent:
Chicken manure slag 25 ~ 50%
Husk 25 ~ 50%
River sand 0 ~ 45%.
Preferably, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery comprises the component of following weight percent:
Chicken manure slag 30 ~ 45%
Husk 30 ~ 45%
River sand 0 ~ 30%.
More preferably, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery comprises the component of following weight percent part:
Chicken manure slag 35%
Husk 35%
River sand 30%.
For a preparation method for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery, comprise the following steps:
By 25 ~ 50% organic sludges, 25 ~ 50% husks, 0 ~ 35% chicken manure, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 0 ~ 35% river sand, through 120 ~ 230 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 52% ~ 85%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
The another kind of preparation method being used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery, comprises the following steps:
Step one: chicken manure becomes thoroughly decomposed and is processed into chicken manure slag: by any one or two kinds of combinations in chicken manure, rice bran or wheat bran, water by volume for adding on turnover throwing machine after 3:1:1 mixing, carry out turning over and throw compost fermentation process, and in heap, get through pore with rod, the temperature at compost mixture center rises to after more than 50 DEG C, carry out first time and turn over throwing, after this turned over throwing 1 time every 2 days, the temperature until compost mixture center is down to after below 35 DEG C, and chicken manure process of becoming thoroughly decomposed terminates into chicken manure slag;
Step 2: broken mixing: by 30 ~ 50% chicken manure slags, 30 ~ 50% husks, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 0 ~ 30% river sand, drying, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 52% ~ 85%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
Bake out temperature in described step 2 is 120 ~ 230 DEG C.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention's organic sludge and chicken manure are made citrus seedling medium and are had economic serviceability.Because mud and chicken manure are originated wide, and price is not high, can suitably reduce citrus seedling cost.Mud is used as cultivation matrix or utilization of waste material, has certain economic benefit and social benefit.
2, the present invention uses organic sludge and chicken manure to have certain fertilizer efficiency as matrix, substantially the nutritive element needed for citrus seedling growth is possessed, substantially the growth needs of Rootstocks of Citrus seedling be can adapt to, in test more than a year, the nutritional deficiency of nursery stock and the murder by poisoning phenomenon of metal do not observed.
3, chicken manure of the present invention is as one of matrix, when occupy about half volume time, this solid substrate being used for citrus container nursery just can not at once for the solid substrate of citrus cultivation container, otherwise citrus plant percent will be caused low or all dead, therefore chicken manure could be used as citrus seedling medium after must processing, but organic sludge just directly can be used as citrus nursery solid substrate without becoming thoroughly decomposed, and to have be that citrus seedling growth speed is fast, surviving rate is high, the supermature advantage of seedling root, same to prior art
Compare, its step of preparation process is few, and method is easier, can greatly reduce production cost.
4, the present invention is using chicken manure and organic sludge as the solid substrate of citrus nursery, makes it commercialization to adapt to batch production and the industrialization of modern citrus seeding raising technology, is convenient to industrialization management
5, the organic sludge used in the present invention is good organic substrate raw material, the labile organism of major part decomposes, do not produce the biological fixation of nitrogen, and the objectionable impuritiess such as removing phenols of having degraded, substantially without weeds seed etc., also have suitable physico-chemical property, in mud, nitrogen, the phosphorus overwhelming majority are organonitrogen organophosphoruss, and mainly exist with easy mineralising form.These easy mineralising organonitrogen organophosphoruss are direct organic origins of available nitrogen rapid available phosphorus in soil, and difficult mineralising organonitrogen organophosphorus is organic reservoir of Nitrogen In Soils phosphoric, can be used as the long-acting fertilizer of crop, make the solid substrate for citrus container nursery of the present invention be more conducive to the growth of citrus nursery stock and long-lasting is long.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
By 35% organic sludge, 35% husk, 25% chicken manure, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 5% river sand, through 120 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 52%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
Embodiment 2
By 50% organic sludge, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 50% husk, through 200 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 60%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
Embodiment 3
By 25% organic sludge, 25% husk, 30% chicken manure, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 20% river sand, through 230 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 85%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
Embodiment 4
By 40% organic sludge, 30% husk, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 30% chicken manure, through 180 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 75%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
Embodiment 5
By 30% organic sludge, 40% husk, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 30% river sand, through 200 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 60%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
Embodiment 6
Step one: chicken manure becomes thoroughly decomposed and is processed into chicken manure slag: by any one or two kinds of combinations in chicken manure, rice bran or wheat bran, water by volume for adding on turnover throwing machine after 3:1:1 mixing, carry out turning over and throw compost fermentation process, and in heap, get through pore with rod, the temperature at compost mixture center rises to after more than 50 DEG C, carry out first time and turn over throwing, after this turned over throwing 1 time every 2 days, the temperature until compost mixture center is down to after below 35 DEG C, and chicken manure process of becoming thoroughly decomposed terminates into chicken manure slag;
Step 2: broken mixing: by 35% chicken manure slag, 35% husk, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 30% river sand, through 120 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 52%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
Embodiment 7
Step one: chicken manure becomes thoroughly decomposed and is processed into chicken manure slag: by any one or two kinds of combinations in chicken manure, rice bran or wheat bran, water by volume for adding on turnover throwing machine after 3:1:1 mixing, carry out turning over and throw compost fermentation process, and in heap, get through pore with rod, the temperature at compost mixture center rises to after more than 50 DEG C, carry out first time and turn over throwing, after this turned over throwing 1 time every 2 days, the temperature until compost mixture center is down to after below 35 DEG C, and chicken manure process of becoming thoroughly decomposed terminates into chicken manure slag;
Step 2: broken mixing: by 50% chicken manure slag, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 50% husk, through 200 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 70%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
Embodiment 8
Step one: chicken manure becomes thoroughly decomposed and is processed into chicken manure slag: by any one or two kinds of combinations in chicken manure, rice bran or wheat bran, water by volume for adding on turnover throwing machine after 3:1:1 mixing, carry out turning over and throw compost fermentation process, and in heap, get through pore with rod, the temperature at compost mixture center rises to after more than 50 DEG C, carry out first time and turn over throwing, after this turned over throwing 1 time every 2 days, the temperature until compost mixture center is down to after below 35 DEG C, and chicken manure process of becoming thoroughly decomposed terminates into chicken manure slag;
Step 2: broken mixing: by 30% chicken manure slag, 45% husk, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 25% river sand, through 230 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 85%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
Embodiment 9
Step one: chicken manure becomes thoroughly decomposed and is processed into chicken manure slag: by any one or two kinds of combinations in chicken manure, rice bran or wheat bran, water by volume for adding on turnover throwing machine after 3:1:1 mixing, carry out turning over and throw compost fermentation process, and in heap, get through pore with rod, the temperature at compost mixture center rises to after more than 50 DEG C, carry out first time and turn over throwing, after this turned over throwing 1 time every 2 days, the temperature until compost mixture center is down to after below 35 DEG C, and chicken manure process of becoming thoroughly decomposed terminates into chicken manure slag;
Step 2: broken mixing: by 45% chicken manure slag, 25% husk, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 30% river sand, through 180 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 65%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
Embodiment 10
Step one: chicken manure becomes thoroughly decomposed and is processed into chicken manure slag: by any one or two kinds of combinations in chicken manure, rice bran or wheat bran, water by volume for adding on turnover throwing machine after 3:1:1 mixing, carry out turning over and throw compost fermentation process, and in heap, get through pore with rod, the temperature at compost mixture center rises to after more than 50 DEG C, carry out first time and turn over throwing, after this turned over throwing 1 time every 2 days, the temperature until compost mixture center is down to after below 35 DEG C, and chicken manure process of becoming thoroughly decomposed terminates into chicken manure slag;
Step 2: broken mixing: by 25% chicken manure slag, 30% husk, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 45% river sand, through 200 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 75%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
The solid substrate cost compare for citrus container nursery of embodiment 11 embodiment 1-10
The selection of matrix has two principles: one is suitability, and two is economy.Suitability refers to whether the matrix selected is applicable to the growth of plant; Economy refers to that whether the acquisition of matrix is easy, and whether price is cheap.According to the unit volume price for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery in market, and each formula is used for the price of the solid substrate every cubic metre of citrus container nursery, and wherein following price is all pressed: mud 60 yuan/m
3(because mud is refuse, only need transport charge, do not need commodity to take), chicken manure 80 yuan/m
3, the peat composed of rotten mosses 250 yuan/m
3, husk 80 yuan/m
3, river sand 80 yuan/m
3calculate, unit price is the solid substrate price for citrus container nursery after stirring.Concrete calculation result is in table 1.
The solid substrate cost compare for citrus container nursery of table 1 heterogeneity proportioning
| Embodiment | Organic sludge 60 | Husk 80 | Chicken manure 80 | River sand 80 | The peat composed of rotten mosses 250 | Unit price (unit/m 3) |
| 1 | 21 | 28 | 20 | 4 | 73 | |
| 2 | 30 | 40 | 70 | |||
| 3 | 15 | 20 | 24 | 16 | 75 | |
| 4 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 72 | ||
| 5 | 18 | 32 | 24 | 74 | ||
| 6 | 28 | 28 | 24 | 80 | ||
| 7 | 40 | 40 | 80 | |||
| 8 | 24 | 36 | 20 | 80 | ||
| 9 | 20 | 36 | 24 | 80 | ||
| 10 | 24 | 20 | 36 | 80 | ||
| Contrast | 250 | 250 |
From table 1 data, because the price of commodity turfy soil is higher, and limited source, embodiment 1 is used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery cost to embodiment 10 per unit volume is all low than the solid substrate for citrus container nursery (namely contrasting) making matrix with the peat composed of rotten mosses, respectively than the low 31%--35% of contrast.Single from the viewpoint of cost, several treatment formulations above all can utilize, and all have economic serviceability than making matrix with turfy soil, and embodiment 1-10 fills a prescription and makes citrus for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery is all feasible.Within 2007, Lafarge SA of Chongqing City, bureau of agriculture, the units such as rubbish rubbish process company that prosper together have carried out the research of disposing sludge.Lafarge SA utilizes the cement kiln disposing sludge that walks abreast to complete pilot scale, technically reliable, and the equal qualified discharge of every pollutent, predicted operation disposal costs is 106-126 yuan/ton.Agricultural in Chongqing office research sludge composting, predicted operation disposal costs is 110 yuan of tons, and it is difficult in main city zone addressing to face compost place, is located at outside main city zone, the problem that freight charges are high.Refuse disposal company's burning sludge of prospering together estimates that disposal costs is 180-200 unit ton.This test directly acts on the solid substrate matrix of citrus container nursery with mud, has both decreased the sludge disposal expense of more than sewage work, can also create certain economic benefit, also for mud have found a reasonable outlet for water treatment plant simultaneously.
The solid substrate porosity determination for citrus container nursery of embodiment 12 embodiment 1-10
Matrix porosity weighs an important indicator of Nutrition Soil physical behavior.Measure the solid substrate porosity for citrus container nursery of embodiment 1-10, measurement result is in table 2.
The solid substrate porosity result for citrus container nursery of table 2 embodiment 1-10
There are table 2 data known, learn that the air porosity of embodiment 1 and embodiment 6 in this test is the highest by test, be respectively 39.36% and 39.71%, embodiment 1-10 air porosity data, substantially between 25% ~ 40%, can adapt to the growth of nursery stock preferably.Thinking optimum in total porosity with the research of Zhou Yuehua is that air accounts for 25% ~ 40% and all conforms to, and therefore, the solid substrate for citrus container nursery of embodiment 1-10 is beneficial to the attachment of the fixing of citrus nursery stock and root system, is more beneficial to citrus seedling growth.
The solid substrate water-retentivity for citrus container nursery of embodiment 13 embodiment 1-10 measures
By the solid substrate being used for citrus container nursery of embodiment 1-10 by the canned solid substrate for citrus container nursery of cultivation custom field planting container, then moisture is added, it is made fully to absorb water, allow for water saturation in the solid substrate of citrus container nursery, naturally after draining, to without obvious water droplet, random alignment is put, within 20 days, claim single container fixed body matrix weight afterwards, measurement result is in table 3.
Table 3 is for the water-retentivity of solid substrate after 20 days of citrus container nursery
From table 3 data, in 20 days, what the solid substrate water-retentivity for citrus container nursery was best is embodiment 1 and embodiment 1,7 and 6, all the other are followed successively by embodiment 2,8,9,3,10,4 and 5, the solid substrate water-retentivity that embodiment 1-10 is used for citrus container nursery is all better, is all greater than 75%.Embodiment 1-10 seat citrus seedling medium all has the substantially identical irrigation intermittent phase, then need to shorten the watering period with the solid substrate of other formula, the needs of plant-growth could be met, therefore the irrigation intermittent phase of the solid substrate for citrus container nursery of the present invention is long, use more convenient, be beneficial to the growth in enormous quantities of citrus nursery.
Embodiment 14 embodiment 1-10 is used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery to the impact of citrus plant percent
By being used for the container seedling of solid substrate process and the investigation of seedbed seedling planting survival rates of citrus container nursery to difference, measurement result is in table 4.
Table 4 embodiment 1-10 is used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery to citrus plant percent
| Embodiment | Container seedling surviving rate (%) | Seedbed shoot survival percent (%) | Average survival (%) |
| 1 | 100 | 98.1 | 99.05 |
| 2 | 100 | 97.9 | 98.95 |
| 3 | 99 | 97.6 | 98.3 |
| 4 | 99 | 97.8 | 98.4 |
| 5 | 99 | 96.5 | 97.75 |
| 6 | 100 | 99.1 | 99.55 |
| 7 | 100 | 98.2 | 99.1 |
| 8 | 99 | 98.1 | 98.55 |
| 9 | 99 | 97.6 | 98.3 |
| 10 | 99 | 97.5 | 98.25 |
From table 4 data, no matter the solid substrate that embodiment 1-10 is used for citrus container nursery is that planting stock surviving rate is all higher for container seedling or seedbed seedling, surviving rate is all more than 98%.But also observe in process of the test, after Survival rate of nursery stock, all there is not nutritional deficiency phenomenon and heavy metal toxicity in the citrus nursery stock that all solid substrates are cultivated, can normal growth, illustrate that the solid substrate for citrus container nursery that this embodiment 1-10 prepares all fully can adapt to the needs of citrus seedling-nourishing growth within a certain period of time.
Embodiment 15 embodiment 1-10 container nursery is used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery to the impact of citrus seedling growth height
By the solid substrate being used for citrus container nursery of embodiment 1-10 by the canned solid substrate for citrus container nursery of cultivation custom field planting container, after insemination and emergence for some time, measure the beginning height of citrus nursery stock in embodiment 1-10 container at one time, after four months, measure the last height of citrus nursery stock in embodiment 1-10 container at one time, finally calculate it and on average increase height, measurement result is as shown in table 5.
Table 5 embodiment 1-10 is used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery to the impact of citrus seedling growth height
| Embodiment | Start height (cm) | Last height (cm) | Average increase height (cm) |
| 1 | 12.3 | 94.5 | 82.2 |
| 2 | 12.1 | 92.8 | 80.7 |
| 3 | 12.4 | 91.6 | 79.4 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 92.5 | 79.2 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 80.4 | 80.4 |
| 6 | 12.0 | 90.5 | 78.5 |
| 7 | 12.6 | 95.2 | 82.6 |
| 8 | 12.1 | 94.3 | 82.2 |
| 9 | 12.1 | 93.2 | 81.1 |
| 10 | 11.8 | 92.1 | 80.3 |
From table 5 data, by research different substrates, the impact of Seedling height growth rule is found: matrix difference just have impact on the increment of nursery stock, and the summit of growth not changing citrus nursery stock shifts to an earlier date or delays, they are substantially all at the uniform velocity grow by certain speed of growth, but the growth the fastest phase of citrus nursery stock is 7 to September, this and may be half deciduous plant with the habit of citrus nursery stock, as long as humiture is suitable for, just can meet its growth relevant.
Embodiment 16 embodiment 1-10 is used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery to the impact of citrus seedling growth rugosity
By the solid substrate being used for citrus container nursery of embodiment 1-10 by the canned solid substrate for citrus container nursery of cultivation custom field planting container, after insemination and emergence for some time, measure the beginning rugosity of citrus nursery stock in embodiment 1-10 container at one time, after four months, measure the last rugosity of citrus nursery stock in embodiment 1-10 container at one time, finally calculate it and on average increase rugosity, measurement result is as shown in table 6.
Table 6 embodiment 1-10 is used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery to the impact of citrus seedling growth rugosity
| Embodiment | Start rugosity (cm) | Last rugosity (cm) | Average increment rugosity (cm) |
| 1 | 0.19 | 0.8 | 0.61 |
| 2 | 0.21 | 0.79 | 0.58 |
| 3 | 0.2 | 0.75 | 0.55 |
| 4 | 0.18 | 0.74 | 0.56 |
| 5 | 0.19 | 0.72 | 0.53 |
| 6 | 0.18 | 0.82 | 0.64 |
| 7 | 0.21 | 0.8 | 0.59 |
| 8 | 0.19 | 0.76 | 0.57 |
| 9 | 0.2 | 0.75 | 0.55 |
| 10 | 0.18 | 0.74 | 0.56 |
From table 6 data, it is all larger that embodiment 1-10 increases rugosity value for the citrus nursery stock that the solid substrate of citrus container nursery grows, after four months, rugosity growth is all greater than 0.50cm, embodiment 1-10 seedling is used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery at citrus seedling growth after 4-5 months, and citrus nursery stock can reach the requirement of grafting rugosity.Therefore, the solid substrate for citrus container nursery that embodiment of the present invention 1-10 prepares all is conducive to the growth of citrus nursery stock, can promote the speed of growth of citrus nursery stock.
The solid substrate that embodiment 17 embodiment 1-10 is used for citrus container nursery is grown and the impact of root/shoot ratio seedling root citrus nursery stock
Have research to think, the fibrous root of plant is with total root than higher, and plant absorption nutrient is also better, is also more conducive to growing of plant.The root/shoot ratio of plant is larger, represents that the root system of plant also just reaches all the more, is also just more conducive to the growth of plant.The citrus nursery stock that the solid substrate of random Example 1-10 is cultivated by the present embodiment, cut off at the Tu Mianchu of nursery stock, top is tree crown, bottom is root, root is immersed in clear water, gently the Nutrition Soil that root adheres to is rinsed well, following for root 1mm root system is cut be fibrous root, respectively title fresh weight is carried out to fibrous root, root, tree crown, then calculating mean value.According to mean value calculation fibrous root and root anharmonic ratio and root/shoot ratio.Measurement result is in table 7 and table 8.
Table 7 embodiment 1-10 is used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery to the impact of citrus nursery stock fibrous root with total root ratio
Table 8 embodiment 1-10 is used for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery to the impact of citrus nursery stock dry weight root/shoot ratio
From table 7 and table 8 data, the solid substrate for citrus container nursery of embodiment of the present invention 1-10 is all larger to the fibrous root of citrus nursery stock and total root ratio, dry weight root cap ratio, fibrous root is greater than 70% with total root than all, maximum value reaches 80.64%, dry weight root cap ratio is all greater than 55%, and maximum value reaches 61.78%.Illustrate that the citrus seedling root cultivated in the solid substrate of embodiment of the present invention 1-10 is flourishing, strong to the receptivity of nutrient, be conducive to growth and the growth of citrus nursery stock.The citrus seedling growth situation cultivated for the solid substrate of citrus container nursery of embodiment 1-10 is excellent.All higher by the solid substrate air porosity for citrus container nursery of the known embodiment 1-10 of embodiment 12, be conducive to seedling root to grow and growth, this situation is also conducive to the root and seedling growth of the citrus seedling that embodiment 1-10 solid substrate is cultivated, and makes its root cap ratio higher.
By Researching and practicing, explore and sum up the porosity of solid substrate and water-retentivity to the impact of citrus seedling growth; Sum up and formed based on the substrate formula under citrus culture environment, the environmentally friendly matrix of research and utilization of the present invention, exploitation has the high-quality of application and popularization value, the solid substrate for citrus container nursery in inexpensive, wide source, pass through reasonable preparation, develop the solid substrate for citrus container nursery of the present invention, wherein the solid substrate of optimization formula and proportioning is the solid substrate for citrus container nursery described in embodiment 1 and 6.A kind of novel solid matrix for citrus container nursery of the present invention can substitute peat composed of rotten mosses type or wood sawdust type matrix completely, and cost is low, preparation technology simple, is beneficial to the development and growth of citrus nursery stock.
Above-mentioned detailed description is the illustrating of possible embodiments for invention, and this embodiment is also not used to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, does not allly depart from equivalence of the present invention and implements or change, and all should be contained in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can make various amendments in other form and details, interpolation and replacement in the claims in the present invention scope of disclosure and spirit.Certainly, the changes such as these various amendments made according to the present invention's spirit, interpolation and replacement, all should be included within the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (10)
1. for a solid substrate for citrus container nursery, it is characterized in that, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery comprises the component of following weight percent:
2. a kind of solid substrate for citrus container nursery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery also comprises the component of following weight percent:
3. a kind of solid substrate for citrus container nursery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery also comprises the component of following weight percent:
4. a kind of solid substrate for citrus container nursery according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described organic sludge is one or more combinations in copper water-supply pipe, industrial wastewater sludge or domestic sewage sludge.
5. for a solid substrate for citrus container nursery, it is characterized in that, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery comprises the component of following weight percent:
Chicken manure slag 25 ~ 50%
Husk 25 ~ 50%
River sand 0 ~ 45%.
6. a kind of solid substrate for citrus container nursery according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery comprises the component of following weight percent:
Chicken manure slag 30 ~ 45%
Husk 30 ~ 45%
River sand 0 ~ 30%.
7. a kind of solid substrate for citrus container nursery according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery comprises the component of following weight percent part:
Chicken manure slag 35%
Husk 35%
River sand 30%.
8. a preparation method for the solid substrate for citrus container nursery as described in any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
By 25 ~ 50% organic sludges, 25 ~ 50% husks, 0 ~ 35% chicken manure, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 0 ~ 35% river sand, through 120 ~ 230 DEG C of oven dry, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 52% ~ 85%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
9. a preparation method for the solid substrate for citrus container nursery as described in any one of claim 5-7, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step one: chicken manure becomes thoroughly decomposed and is processed into chicken manure slag: by any one or two kinds of combinations in chicken manure, rice bran or wheat bran, water by volume for adding on turnover throwing machine after 3:1:1 mixing, carry out turning over and throw compost fermentation process, and in heap, get through pore with rod, the temperature at compost mixture center rises to after more than 50 DEG C, carry out first time and turn over throwing, after this turned over throwing 1 time every 2 days, the temperature until compost mixture center is down to after below 35 DEG C, and chicken manure process of becoming thoroughly decomposed terminates into chicken manure slag;
Step 2: broken mixing: by 30 ~ 50% chicken manure slags, 30 ~ 50% husks, the abundant stirring and evenly mixing of 0 ~ 30% river sand, drying, forming total interporal lacuna rate is the solid mixture of 52% ~ 85%, then carrying out break process to solid mixture particle diameter is 2.5mm particle diameter and following, screening particle diameter is less than or equal to the particle of 2.5mm, solid mixture particle diameter being greater than 2.5mm continues to be crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2.5mm, forms the described solid substrate for citrus container nursery.
10. the preparation method of a kind of solid substrate for citrus container nursery according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the bake out temperature in described step 2 is 120 ~ 230 DEG C.
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