CN103548648A - Floating plate seedling-raising method - Google Patents
Floating plate seedling-raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548648A CN103548648A CN201310491467.6A CN201310491467A CN103548648A CN 103548648 A CN103548648 A CN 103548648A CN 201310491467 A CN201310491467 A CN 201310491467A CN 103548648 A CN103548648 A CN 103548648A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention discloses a floating plate seedling-raising method. The floating plate seedling-raising method mainly comprises the processes of sterilization before raising, planting, floating cultivation and temperature management. According to the floating plate seedling-raising method, the air accessed into a substrate and a nutrient solution is improved and accordingly the consistency of plant growth can be guaranteed, soil diseases and insect pests caused by the traditional cultivation way can be avoided, the problem that normal floating cultivation plants are deprived of oxygen and easy to decay is solved, and plant cultivation growth is performed on certain vegetable crops in a greenhouse through floating seedling-raising and accordingly the high yield and high quality can be brought, the harvest time can be extended, and the pesticide use can be limited and reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of botanical seedling culturing method, particularly a kind of seedling-cultivating method of floating disc.
Background technology
Now for the nutrition solving in traditional growing vegetables process is difficult to control, highly difficult property with the sick worm impairment of soil, invented a new seedling-cultivating method, it is floating seedlings, that the foam cave dish that lightweight seedling medium is housed is floated on the water surface, seed is sowed in matrix, and rice shoot is taken root growth in seedling medium, and can from matrix and water bed, absorb the seedling-cultivating method of moisture and nutrient.Start from late 1980s, American Tobacco adopts floating seedlings method to grow seedlings.With traditional seedling method comparison, it has can reduce transplanting recruitment, save the land used of growing seedlings, be convenient to the management of cigarette seedling, be conducive to cultivate strong sprout, improve the advantages such as planting percent, current owing to there are some technical defects, use floating disc to cultivate to there will be the problems such as seedling, growth rate be slow of burning.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above problems, the invention provides a kind of seedling-cultivating method of floating disc, be intended to by its unique technological process, make floating disc seedling-cultivating method fast and efficient production go out healthy victual.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The method that floating disc is grown seedlings, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
A, educate front sterilization, comprise floating disc sterilization and matrix sterilization;
B, sowing, pack matrix in floating disc into nature, and strike off with strike-off stick, with hole pressing device or finger, presses sowing cave, and planting seed, in cave central authorities, is covered to ice by matrix and strikes off with strike-off stick, and cover sunshade net;
C, floating cultivation, after seed reveals bud, prevent floating disc in culture fluid, and regularly change culture fluid.
Wherein, the temperature of B, C step is controlled to 38 ℃.
Described matrix is that the Platycodon Root that is 55～65% peat, 20～30% vermiculites and 10～20% by mass ratio mixes.
The described floating disc sterilization of educating front sterilisation step is to float dish 3min with the potassium permanganate liquid immersion of 1000 times.
The described soil sterilization of educating front sterilisation step is that seedling is precious by disliking mould spirit, Gen Bizhi, and the bactericidal liquid that carbendazim any one or any several mixed in equal amounts form is sprayed in matrix and stirs.
The mass fraction of described bactericidal liquid is 3～10%.
The solution that the nitrogenous fertilizer that described culture fluid is is 200～300ppm by concentration forms.
During described floating cultivation, than what be interrupted, culture fluid is passed into air.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: this floating disc seedling-cultivating method not only can guarantee the uniformity of plant growth, the soil damage by disease and insect problem of avoiding traditional cultivation mode to cause, and the unresolved rotten problem of common floating cultivation plant anoxic, for some vegetable crop, in greenhouse, utilize floating seedlings to carry out cultivation of plants production, can bring larger earning rate, higher quality, and extend harvest time, limit and reduce the usage amount of agricultural chemicals.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further described:
Embodiment mono-
A seedling-cultivating method for floating disc, comprises the following steps:
1, material is prepared: the matrix of the Platycodon Root that preparation contains 55% peat, 30% vermiculite and 15%, prepare the potassium permanganate liquid of 1000 times, and the mould spirit of evil that preparation mass fraction is 3%, seedling is precious, the bactericidal liquid that Gen Bizhi and carbendazim form.
2, the disinfection before growing seedlings, soaks floating disc 3 minutes with potassium permanganate liquid.Taking-up airing use, is sprayed at bactericidal liquid in matrix and stirs, and spray companion's matrix soil stirs and makes its relative moisture reach 60～70% to be advisable, and during with hand rubbing, part is agglomerating is advisable.
3, sabot; Matrix soil by getting ready, packs in floating disc with nature, does not press, and then with strike-off stick, from one end of cave dish, strikes off, and scrapes unnecessary matrix, makes the matrix in each hole, cave of card flat full.
4, press hole, cave; Use the center of pressing cave device or finger to aim at each hole evenly firmly to press.Make each hole, cave central authorities form the sowing cave of dark 0.5mm.
5, sowing; Pour seed into sowing cup.By seed of the every bunch planting of bunch planting kind, after being broadcast, seed is positioned at sowing cave central authorities.
6, cover; Seed is broadcast afterwards and to be covered, and after covering, strikes off with strike-off stick again, and the matrix in each hole, cave is separated completely, can not have connected place, otherwise rice shoot root can be gone here and there cave later.
7, floating cultivation, after planting subcovering, can not be put into the water surface at once, and seed reveals after tooth by the time, and preparation is the culture fluid of 200ppm nitrogenous fertilizer by concentration, and floating disc is placed in to its water surface, and continual culture fluid is passed into air.
Wherein to need to carry out temperature treatment in last step.Kind different temperatures is difference to some extent, generally emerge and little cross before the phase when temperature of shed is during higher than 38 ℃, hut takes that two ventilates, booth needs door and window aeration-cooling.Timely Guan Peng, pass door and window insulation during mercury dropped.General overcast and rainy needs is incubated, and do not need aeration-cooling; Fine day 11 o'clock of morning temperature starts aeration-cooling while surpassing 38 ℃, the epiphragma insulation of 4 o'clock of afternoon.
Throw off nonwoven, sunshade net, look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning.When emerging, reach 80% and throw off nonwoven when above.Enter little cross after date when 80%, carry out thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings, except large and small seedling, retain medium seedling, seedling 1 strain is stayed in every cave, and the place that is short of seedling fills with unnecessary seedling.Thinning is thrown off sunshade net after filling the gaps with seedlings 3 days.
Nutrient management.In floating pool, Depth Nutrient Solution remains on 10～15 ㎝, according to the color of seedling, judges whether apply fertilizer, if color is light green or yellow green, shows N element concentration is too low to enter appropriate fertilizer; If color is bottle green or mass colour is green, show N element excessive concentration, should add proper amount of clear water, make N element concentration remain on 200ppm.Notice that whether observation battalion's nutrient solution is limpid, whether the degree of depth is suitable, as becomes muddy a, bromine, should change in time water, add fertilizer; As nutrient solution leaks, immediately counterdie, Jia Shui, add fertilizer; While normally shoaling, should supplement in time clear water.
Embodiment bis-
1, material is prepared: the matrix of the Platycodon Root that preparation contains 58% peat, 22% vermiculite and 20%, prepare the potassium permanganate liquid of 1000 times, and the mould spirit of evil that preparation mass fraction is 5%, seedling is precious, the bactericidal liquid that Gen Bizhi and carbendazim form.
2, the disinfection before growing seedlings, soaks floating disc 3 minutes with potassium permanganate liquid.Taking-up airing use, is sprayed at bactericidal liquid in matrix and stirs, and spray companion's matrix soil stirs and makes its relative moisture reach 60～70% to be advisable, and during with hand rubbing, part is agglomerating is advisable.
3, sabot; Matrix soil by getting ready, packs in floating disc with nature, does not press, and then with strike-off stick, from one end of cave dish, strikes off, and scrapes unnecessary matrix, makes the matrix in each hole, cave of card flat full.
4, press hole, cave; Use the center of pressing cave device or finger to aim at each hole evenly firmly to press.Make each hole, cave central authorities form the sowing cave of dark 0.5mm.
5, sowing; Pour seed into sowing cup.By seed of the every bunch planting of bunch planting kind, after being broadcast, seed is positioned at sowing cave central authorities.
6, cover; Seed is broadcast afterwards and to be covered, and after covering, strikes off with strike-off stick again, and the matrix in each hole, cave is separated completely, can not have connected place, otherwise rice shoot root can be gone here and there cave later.
7, floating cultivation, after planting subcovering, can not be put into the water surface at once, and seed reveals after tooth by the time, and preparation is the culture fluid of 220ppm nitrogenous fertilizer by concentration, and floating disc is placed in to its water surface, and continual culture fluid is passed into air.
Wherein to need to carry out temperature treatment in last step.Kind different temperatures is difference to some extent, generally emerge and little cross before the phase when temperature of shed is during higher than 38 ℃, hut takes that two ventilates, booth needs door and window aeration-cooling.Timely Guan Peng, pass door and window insulation during mercury dropped.General overcast and rainy needs is incubated, and do not need aeration-cooling; Fine day 11 o'clock of morning temperature starts aeration-cooling while surpassing 38 ℃, the epiphragma insulation of 4 o'clock of afternoon.
Throw off nonwoven, sunshade net, look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning.When emerging, reach 80% and throw off nonwoven when above.Enter little cross after date when 80%, carry out thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings, except large and small seedling, retain medium seedling, seedling 1 strain is stayed in every cave, and the place that is short of seedling fills with unnecessary seedling.Thinning is thrown off sunshade net after filling the gaps with seedlings 3 days.
Nutrient management.In floating pool, Depth Nutrient Solution remains on 10～15 ㎝, according to the color of seedling, judges whether apply fertilizer, if color is light green or yellow green, shows N element concentration is too low to enter appropriate fertilizer; If color is bottle green or mass colour is green, show N element excessive concentration, should add proper amount of clear water, make N element concentration remain on 220ppm.Notice that whether observation battalion's nutrient solution is limpid, whether the degree of depth is suitable, as becomes muddy a, bromine, should change in time water, add fertilizer; As nutrient solution leaks, immediately counterdie, Jia Shui, add fertilizer; While normally shoaling, should supplement in time clear water.
Embodiment tri-
1, material is prepared: the matrix of the Platycodon Root that preparation contains 60% peat, 20% vermiculite and 20%, prepare the potassium permanganate liquid of 1000 times, and the mould spirit of evil that preparation mass fraction is 3～10%, seedling is precious, the bactericidal liquid that Gen Bizhi and carbendazim form.
2, the disinfection before growing seedlings, soaks floating disc 3 minutes with potassium permanganate liquid.Taking-up airing use, is sprayed at bactericidal liquid in matrix and stirs, and spray companion's matrix soil stirs and makes its relative moisture reach 60～70% to be advisable, and during with hand rubbing, part is agglomerating is advisable.
3, sabot; Matrix soil by getting ready, packs in floating disc with nature, does not press, and then with strike-off stick, from one end of cave dish, strikes off, and scrapes unnecessary matrix, makes the matrix in each hole, cave of card flat full.
4, press hole, cave; Use the center of pressing cave device or finger to aim at each hole evenly firmly to press.Make each hole, cave central authorities form the sowing cave of dark 0.5mm.
5, sowing; Pour seed into sowing cup.By seed of the every bunch planting of bunch planting kind, after being broadcast, seed is positioned at sowing cave central authorities.
6, cover; Seed is broadcast afterwards and to be covered, and after covering, strikes off with strike-off stick again, and the matrix in each hole, cave is separated completely, can not have connected place, otherwise rice shoot root can be gone here and there cave later.
7, floating cultivation, after planting subcovering, can not be put into the water surface at once, and seed reveals after tooth by the time, and preparation is the culture fluid of 240ppm nitrogenous fertilizer by concentration, and floating disc is placed in to its water surface, and continual culture fluid is passed into air.
Wherein to need to carry out temperature treatment in last step.Kind different temperatures is difference to some extent, generally emerge and little cross before the phase when temperature of shed is during higher than 38 ℃, hut takes that two ventilates, booth needs door and window aeration-cooling.Timely Guan Peng, pass door and window insulation during mercury dropped.General overcast and rainy needs is incubated, and do not need aeration-cooling; Fine day 11 o'clock of morning temperature starts aeration-cooling while surpassing 38 ℃, the epiphragma insulation of 4 o'clock of afternoon.
Throw off nonwoven, sunshade net, look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning.When emerging, reach 80% and throw off nonwoven when above.Enter little cross after date when 80%, carry out thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings, except large and small seedling, retain medium seedling, seedling 1 strain is stayed in every cave, and the place that is short of seedling fills with unnecessary seedling.Thinning is thrown off sunshade net after filling the gaps with seedlings 3 days.
Nutrient management.In floating pool, Depth Nutrient Solution remains on 10～15 ㎝, according to the color of seedling, judges whether apply fertilizer, if color is light green or yellow green, shows N element concentration is too low to enter appropriate fertilizer; If color is bottle green or mass colour is green, show N element excessive concentration, should add proper amount of clear water, make N element concentration remain on 240ppm.Notice that whether observation battalion's nutrient solution is limpid, whether the degree of depth is suitable, as becomes muddy a, bromine, should change in time water, add fertilizer; As nutrient solution leaks, immediately counterdie, Jia Shui, add fertilizer; While normally shoaling, should supplement in time clear water.
Embodiment tetra-
1, material is prepared: the matrix of the Platycodon Root that preparation contains 62% peat, 22% vermiculite and 16%, prepare the potassium permanganate liquid of 1000 times, and the mould spirit of evil that preparation mass fraction is 3～10%, seedling is precious, the bactericidal liquid that Gen Bizhi and carbendazim form.
2, the disinfection before growing seedlings, soaks floating disc 3 minutes with potassium permanganate liquid.Taking-up airing use, is sprayed at bactericidal liquid in matrix and stirs, and spray companion's matrix soil stirs and makes its relative moisture reach 60～70% to be advisable, and during with hand rubbing, part is agglomerating is advisable.
3, sabot; Matrix soil by getting ready, packs in floating disc with nature, does not press, and then with strike-off stick, from one end of cave dish, strikes off, and scrapes unnecessary matrix, makes the matrix in each hole, cave of card flat full.
4, press hole, cave; Use the center of pressing cave device or finger to aim at each hole evenly firmly to press.Make each hole, cave central authorities form the sowing cave of dark 0.5mm.
5, sowing; Pour seed into sowing cup.By seed of the every bunch planting of bunch planting kind, after being broadcast, seed is positioned at sowing cave central authorities.
6, cover; Seed is broadcast afterwards and to be covered, and after covering, strikes off with strike-off stick again, and the matrix in each hole, cave is separated completely, can not have connected place, otherwise rice shoot root can be gone here and there cave later.
7, floating cultivation, after planting subcovering, can not be put into the water surface at once, and seed reveals after tooth by the time, and preparation is the culture fluid of 260ppm nitrogenous fertilizer by concentration, and floating disc is placed in to its water surface, and continual culture fluid is passed into air.
Wherein to need to carry out temperature treatment in last step.Kind different temperatures is difference to some extent, generally emerge and little cross before the phase when temperature of shed is during higher than 38 ℃, hut takes that two ventilates, booth needs door and window aeration-cooling.Timely Guan Peng, pass door and window insulation during mercury dropped.General overcast and rainy needs is incubated, and do not need aeration-cooling; Fine day 11 o'clock of morning temperature starts aeration-cooling while surpassing 38 ℃, the epiphragma insulation of 4 o'clock of afternoon.
Throw off nonwoven, sunshade net, look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning.When emerging, reach 80% and throw off nonwoven when above.Enter little cross after date when 80%, carry out thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings, except large and small seedling, retain medium seedling, seedling 1 strain is stayed in every cave, and the place that is short of seedling fills with unnecessary seedling.Thinning is thrown off sunshade net after filling the gaps with seedlings 3 days.
Nutrient management.In floating pool, Depth Nutrient Solution remains on 10～15 ㎝, according to the color of seedling, judges whether apply fertilizer, if color is light green or yellow green, shows N element concentration is too low to enter appropriate fertilizer; If color is bottle green or mass colour is green, show N element excessive concentration, should add proper amount of clear water, make N element concentration remain on 260ppm.Notice that whether observation battalion's nutrient solution is limpid, whether the degree of depth is suitable, as becomes muddy a, bromine, should change in time water, add fertilizer; As nutrient solution leaks, immediately counterdie, Jia Shui, add fertilizer; While normally shoaling, should supplement in time clear water.
Embodiment five
1, material is prepared: the matrix of the Platycodon Root that preparation contains 65% peat, 25% vermiculite and 10%, prepare the potassium permanganate liquid of 1000 times, and the mould spirit of evil that preparation mass fraction is 3～10%, seedling is precious, the bactericidal liquid that Gen Bizhi and carbendazim form.
2, the disinfection before growing seedlings, soaks floating disc 3 minutes with potassium permanganate liquid.Taking-up airing use, is sprayed at bactericidal liquid in matrix and stirs, and spray companion's matrix soil stirs and makes its relative moisture reach 60～70% to be advisable, and during with hand rubbing, part is agglomerating is advisable.
3, sabot; Matrix soil by getting ready, packs in floating disc with nature, does not press, and then with strike-off stick, from one end of cave dish, strikes off, and scrapes unnecessary matrix, makes the matrix in each hole, cave of card flat full.
4, press hole, cave; Use the center of pressing cave device or finger to aim at each hole evenly firmly to press.Make each hole, cave central authorities form the sowing cave of dark 0.5mm.
5, sowing; Pour seed into sowing cup.By seed of the every bunch planting of bunch planting kind, after being broadcast, seed is positioned at sowing cave central authorities.
6, cover; Seed is broadcast afterwards and to be covered, and after covering, strikes off with strike-off stick again, and the matrix in each hole, cave is separated completely, can not have connected place, otherwise rice shoot root can be gone here and there cave later.
7, floating cultivation, after planting subcovering, can not be put into the water surface at once, and seed reveals after tooth by the time, and preparation is the culture fluid of 280ppm nitrogenous fertilizer by concentration, and floating disc is placed in to its water surface, and continual culture fluid is passed into air.
Wherein to need to carry out temperature treatment in last step.Kind different temperatures is difference to some extent, generally emerge and little cross before the phase when temperature of shed is during higher than 38 ℃, hut takes that two ventilates, booth needs door and window aeration-cooling.Timely Guan Peng, pass door and window insulation during mercury dropped.General overcast and rainy needs is incubated, and do not need aeration-cooling; Fine day 11 o'clock of morning temperature starts aeration-cooling while surpassing 38 ℃, the epiphragma insulation of 4 o'clock of afternoon.
Throw off nonwoven, sunshade net, look into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning.When emerging, reach 80% and throw off nonwoven when above.Enter little cross after date when 80%, carry out thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings, except large and small seedling, retain medium seedling, seedling 1 strain is stayed in every cave, and the place that is short of seedling fills with unnecessary seedling.Thinning is thrown off sunshade net after filling the gaps with seedlings 3 days.
Nutrient management.In floating pool, Depth Nutrient Solution remains on 10～15 ㎝, according to the color of seedling, judges whether apply fertilizer, if color is light green or yellow green, shows N element concentration is too low to enter appropriate fertilizer; If color is bottle green or mass colour is green, show N element excessive concentration, should add proper amount of clear water, make N element concentration remain on 280ppm.Notice that whether observation battalion's nutrient solution is limpid, whether the degree of depth is suitable, as becomes muddy a, bromine, should change in time water, add fertilizer; As nutrient solution leaks, immediately counterdie, Jia Shui, add fertilizer; While normally shoaling, should supplement in time clear water.
Above-described embodiment is only explanation technical conceive of the present invention and feature; its objective is to allow and be familiar with these those skilled in the art and can understand content of the present invention and implement according to this; can not limit the scope of the invention with this; all equivalents or modification that according to the present invention, spirit essence has been done, all should contain in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the method that floating disc is grown seedlings, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
A, educate front sterilization, comprise floating disc sterilization and matrix sterilization;
B, sowing, pack matrix in floating disc into nature, and strike off with strike-off stick, with hole pressing device or finger, presses sowing cave, and planting seed, in cave central authorities, is covered to ice by matrix and strikes off with strike-off stick, and cover sunshade net;
C, floating cultivation, after seed reveals bud, prevent floating disc in culture fluid, and regularly change culture fluid.
Wherein, the temperature of B, C step is controlled to 38 ℃.
2. the method that floating disc according to claim 1 is grown seedlings, is characterized in that: described matrix is that the Platycodon Root that is 55～65% peat, 20～30% vermiculites and 10～20% by mass ratio mixes.
3. the method that floating disc according to claim 1 is grown seedlings, is characterized in that: the described floating disc sterilization of educating front sterilisation step is to float dish 3min with the potassium permanganate liquid immersion of 1000 times.
4. the method that floating disc according to claim 1 is grown seedlings, it is characterized in that: the described soil sterilization of educating front sterilisation step is by disliking mould spirit, seedling is precious, Gen Bizhi, and the bactericidal liquid that carbendazim any one or any several mixed in equal amounts form is sprayed in matrix and stirs.
5. the method that floating disc according to claim 3 is grown seedlings, is characterized in that: the mass fraction of described bactericidal liquid is 3～10%.
6. the method that floating disc according to claim 1 is grown seedlings, is characterized in that: the solution that the nitrogenous fertilizer that described culture fluid is is 200～300ppm by concentration forms.
7. the method that floating disc according to claim 1 is grown seedlings, is characterized in that: during described floating cultivation, than what be interrupted, culture fluid is passed into air.
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| CN201310491467.6A CN103548648B (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2013-10-18 | A kind of method of floating disc nursery |
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| CN201310491467.6A CN103548648B (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2013-10-18 | A kind of method of floating disc nursery |
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| CN103548648B CN103548648B (en) | 2016-02-17 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104844356A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-19 | 中国农业科学院柑桔研究所 | Solid substrate for raising seedlings by citrus container and preparation method of solid substrate |
| CN105104131A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-12-02 | 罗佳佳 | Leaf-cutting seedling cultivation method for succulent plant echeveria derenbergii |
| CN107996325A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-08 | 贵州省旱粮研究所 | A kind of method for carrying out prevention and control to head smut of sorghum using drift disk nursery |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104844356A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-19 | 中国农业科学院柑桔研究所 | Solid substrate for raising seedlings by citrus container and preparation method of solid substrate |
| CN105104131A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-12-02 | 罗佳佳 | Leaf-cutting seedling cultivation method for succulent plant echeveria derenbergii |
| CN107996325A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-08 | 贵州省旱粮研究所 | A kind of method for carrying out prevention and control to head smut of sorghum using drift disk nursery |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103548648B (en) | 2016-02-17 |
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