CN102812832A - Method for planting organic flue-cured tobaccos - Google Patents
Method for planting organic flue-cured tobaccos Download PDFInfo
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- CN102812832A CN102812832A CN2012102061161A CN201210206116A CN102812832A CN 102812832 A CN102812832 A CN 102812832A CN 2012102061161 A CN2012102061161 A CN 2012102061161A CN 201210206116 A CN201210206116 A CN 201210206116A CN 102812832 A CN102812832 A CN 102812832A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting organic flue-cured tobaccos. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting an organic flue-cured tobacco planting base; (2) pre-treating the organic flue-cured tobacco planting base; (3) sterilizing, seeding, and raising seedlings; (4) planting the organic flue-cured tobaccos; (5) managing the planted organic flue-cured tobaccos; and (6) harvesting the organic flue-cured tobaccos. The tobaccos produced by the method provided by the invention meet the technical requirements of organic food, and the chemical components in the tobaccos are more coordinated, therefore, the quality of the tobaccos can be enhanced. The method has the following effects that: (1) nicotine, total nitrogen and protein in the organic flue-cured tobaccos, particularly in the upper tobacco leaves, are greatly reduced, and the sugar content of the tobaccos is increased slightly; (2) the total content of aromatic components in the organic flue-cured tobaccos is higher than that of the common tobaccos; and (3) the smoking quality of the organic tobacco leaves is obviously better than that of the common tobaccos, and the appearance quality of the upper tobacco leaves is enhanced significantly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco planting, specifically, relate to the cultivation method of tobacco.
Background technology
Along with the progress of society, food security enjoys people to pay close attention to.It is responsive more that the tobacco safety issue also becomes: being the harmful substance in the cigarette smoke on the one hand, is the residual hazard of chemical pesticide on the other hand, and this all can influence people's health; Therefore the greenization of tobacco planting has caused generally attention with organising.The cultivation of organic tobacco is an important means of eliminating the tobacco harmful components.
In recent years; The more existing new technical scheme applications of tobacco cultivation technology Chinese patent; For example No. 200810069035.5 " fire-cured tobacco cultivation technique mode by concave double-ridge plastic membrane mulching during whole breeding season ", No. 200910102852.0 " one-ridge double-row flue-cured tobacco dislocation cultivation methods ", No. 201010138375.6 " a kind of labor-saving flue-cured tobacco cultivation methods " etc., relevant technical paper also has.Up to now, also do not see the application part of organic tobacco cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of organic flue-cured tobacco, advance the production of organic tobacco leaf, make the flue-cured tobacco of production meet the organic food specification requirement, for people provide safe flue-cured tobacco.
The cultivation method of organic flue-cured tobacco that the inventor provides comprises following content:
(1) selection in organic tobacco planting base
Under the adapt circumstance condition, select organic tobacco planting base; Alternative condition is: soil fertility is on the upper side medium; In recent years do not have kind of a cigarette, to plant vegetables historical, heavy metal free pollution, no hazard residue thing, do not have damage by disease and insect basically, organic leaf tobacco production area peripheral edge should have the natural enemy habitat; The natural enemy activity is provided, lays eggs and the place of living away from home, possess bio-diversity and natural ability of regulation and control;
(2) preliminary treatment in organic tobacco planting base
The organic grow area peripheral edge is provided with the buffering isolation strip of plantation Chinese sorghum or corn, prevents to close on the drift of the banned substance in plot, guarantees that organic production plot is not contaminated; As not using inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide in the first three years in organic tobacco planting base;
(3) sterilize, sow, grow seedlings
Sterilization: booth, seedling-cultivating tray and the Work tool of growing seedlings adopt the method disinfection of organic authentication permission such as SOFT SOAP, ethanol; Tobacco seed is sterilized with copper salt solution, notes seedbed and individual's disinfection;
Sowing: according to pushing away sowing in 70～75 days before the locality cultivation phase;
Grow seedlings: adopt grow seedlings fertilizer and the matrix that meet organic standard GB/T 19630, other measures of growing seedlings are carried out according to floating seedlings GB/T 25241.2-2010 standard;
(4) plantation of organic flue-cured tobacco
1-2 week accomplish ridging before transplanting and prepare, before the cigarette transplantation of seedlings, adopt big nest deep placement farmyard manure, oil cake to make lower floor's fertilizer, deep placement bonnet earth keeps the railway carriage or compartment face smooth, and grogs is in small, broken bits; Make the fertile and thin earth in upper strata with organic commercial fertilizer and fully mix back transplanting cigarette seedling thoroughly; Transplant and adopt a ridge two row flue-cured tobacco cultivation patterns or conventional single file ridge to plant; According to flue-cured tobacco cultivars characteristic, rational close planting;
(5) management behind organic tobacco planting
When the cigarette strain of organic flue-cured tobacco 50% reaches when buddingging to the center that the flowers are in blossom puts, carry out disposable pinching; In time carry out manual bud picking after pinching, do not use any bud agent that presses down; Smear with rape oil or strong brine and to tuck in bud; Artificial or mechanical intertill and clean tillage, the generation of control weeds; The measure of adopting biological control and artificial control to combine, the insect pests crop smothering; Do not allow to use synthetic chemical and harmful vegetalitas extract and mineral property material;
(6) organic flue-cured tobacco gathers
The flue-cured tobacco maturity is with reference to breediness, holds the principle of " bottom leaf timely collecting, the middle leaf maturation is gathered, upper leaf postpones to gather ", gathers by leaf from bottom to top by the position; The weather arid should be adopted " dew cigarette "; After the ripe chance of tobacco leaf rain is turned green, gather again when waiting it to present mature characteristic again.
The adapt circumstance condition is described in above-mentioned the 1st step: the base is away from city, industrial and mining area, traffic backbone, industrial pollution source, household garbage field; Environmental quality meets following requirement: 1. soil environment quality meets the secondary standard among the GB15618-1995; 2. farmland irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of GB5084; 3. ambient air quality meets the regulation of secondary standard and GB9137 among the GB3095-1996.
In the 3rd step of said method, said seed is earlier seed to be packed in the cloth bag of cleaning with copper salt solution sterilization, puts into copper salt solution and rubs and soak 10～15min, takes out with clear water and cleans back vernalization; Add mantoquita after emerging in the nutrient solution and prevent green alga, said copper salt solution is the solution of copper sulphate.
In the 4th step of said method, the size of said big nest is upper diameter 30cm, base diameter 20cm, dark 20～25cm; The thickness of said deep placement bonnet earth is 8～10cm; The amount of said fertilising is executed farmyard manure 500kg, oil cake 90kg, organic commercial fertilizer 70kg for mu, and amount of nitrogen is controlled at 5.5～7.5kg/ mu; A said ridge two row mode ridge height degree are more than 25cm, and width is 1.8m between furrow; Said organic commercial fertilizer is to be organic matter material with poultry manure, agricultural crop straw, agricultural byproducts processing fertilizer, adds microbial bacterial agent, through the organic special fertilizer for tobacco material that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, harmless treatment such as heap fermentation forms; The planting density of said rational close planting is controlled at 1200～1400 strain/mus.
In the 5th step of said method, said artificial control utilizes light, color insect-killing trapping and machinery to catch pests.
In the 6th step of said method, said gathering should in the morning or be carried out the morning, so that correctly discern maturity.
The inventor points out: ⑴ is high to the nutritive element demand based on flue-cured tobacco growth, and according to the flue-cured tobacco growing state, under certification authority's authentication scenario, an amount of organic authentication organic manure of commodity in use and natural mineral fertilizer can improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.⑵ organic flue-cured tobacco is wanted efficent rotation, forbids continuous cropping; Can not with Solanaceae and vegetable crop rotation.⑶ the baking classification after gather is identical with conventional method.⑷ to clean the warehouse during storage of organic flue-cured tobacco, and take the control measure of pest; Organic tobacco leaf will be preserved separately.Use professional means of transport during transportation, before loading organic cigarette, it is cleaned, and clear organic sign and explanation on organic tobacco leaf packing material.
The flue-cured tobacco that method provided by the invention is produced meets the organic food specification requirement; The inherent chemical composition of tobacco leaf is more coordinated, and quality of tobacco integral body gets a promotion, and effect is: 1. organic tobacco leaf nicotine, total nitrogen, protein obviously descend; Upper leaf particularly, sugar content of tobacco rises to some extent; 2. organic tobacco leaf flavor matter total amount is higher than conventional tobacco leaf; 3. organic tobacco leaf sucking quality is obviously to be superior to conventional tobacco leaf; Significantly improve the upper leaf organoleptic quality.
Embodiment
Embodiment adopts the inventive method to carry out 3 years demonstration plants, and testing result shows, compares with routine, and the inherent chemical composition of tobacco leaf is more coordinated, and quality of tobacco integral body gets a promotion.
The inherent chemical composition of the organic flue-cured tobacco of table 1 relatively
The organic flue-cured tobacco sucking quality of table 2 relatively
Claims (6)
1. the cultivation method of an organic flue-cured tobacco, its characteristic comprises:
(1) selection in organic tobacco planting base
Under the adapt circumstance condition, select organic tobacco planting base; Alternative condition is: soil fertility is on the upper side medium; In recent years do not have kind of a cigarette, to plant vegetables historical, heavy metal free pollution, no hazard residue thing, do not have damage by disease and insect basically, organic leaf tobacco production area peripheral edge should have the natural enemy habitat; The natural enemy activity is provided, lays eggs and the place of living away from home, possess bio-diversity and natural ability of regulation and control;
(2) preliminary treatment in organic tobacco planting base
The organic grow area peripheral edge is provided with the buffering isolation strip of plantation Chinese sorghum or corn, prevents to close on the drift of the banned substance in plot, guarantees that organic production plot is not contaminated; As not using inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide in the first three years in organic tobacco planting base;
(3) sterilize, sow, grow seedlings
Sterilization: booth, seedling-cultivating tray and the Work tool of growing seedlings adopt the method disinfection of organic authentication permission such as SOFT SOAP, ethanol; Tobacco seed is sterilized with copper salt solution, notes seedbed and individual's disinfection;
Sowing: according to pushing away sowing in 70～75 days before the locality cultivation phase;
Grow seedlings: adopt grow seedlings fertilizer and the matrix that meet organic standard GB/T 19630, other measures of growing seedlings are carried out according to floating seedlings GB/T 25241.2-2010 standard;
(4) plantation of organic flue-cured tobacco
1-2 week accomplish ridging before transplanting and prepare, before the cigarette transplantation of seedlings, adopt big nest deep placement farmyard manure, oil cake to make lower floor's fertilizer, deep placement bonnet earth keeps the railway carriage or compartment face smooth, and grogs is in small, broken bits; Make the fertile and thin earth in upper strata with organic commercial fertilizer and fully mix back transplanting cigarette seedling thoroughly; Transplant and adopt a ridge two row flue-cured tobacco cultivation patterns or conventional single file ridge to plant; According to flue-cured tobacco cultivars characteristic, rational close planting;
(5) management behind organic tobacco planting
When the cigarette strain of organic flue-cured tobacco 50% reaches when buddingging to the center that the flowers are in blossom puts, carry out disposable pinching; In time carry out manual bud picking after pinching; Smear with rape oil or strong brine and to tuck in bud; Artificial or mechanical intertill and clean tillage, the generation of control weeds; The measure of adopting biological control and artificial control to combine, the insect pests crop smothering;
(6) organic flue-cured tobacco gathers
The flue-cured tobacco maturity is with reference to breediness, holds the principle of " bottom leaf timely collecting, the middle leaf maturation is gathered, upper leaf postpones to gather ", gathers by leaf from bottom to top by the position; The weather arid should be adopted " dew cigarette "; After the ripe chance of tobacco leaf rain is turned green, gather again when waiting it to present mature characteristic again.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the adapt circumstance condition is described in the 1st step: the base is away from city, industrial and mining area, traffic backbone, industrial pollution source, household garbage field; Environmental quality meets following requirement: 1. soil environment quality meets the secondary standard among the GB15618-1995; 2. farmland irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of GB5084; 3. ambient air quality meets the regulation of secondary standard and GB9137 among the GB3095-1996.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that in the 3rd step, and said seed is earlier seed to be packed in the cloth bag of cleaning with the copper salt solution sterilization, put into copper salt solution and rubbed and soak 10～15min, took out with clear water and cleaned back vernalization; Said copper salt solution is the solution of copper sulphate.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the size of said big nest is upper diameter 30cm, base diameter 20cm, dark 20～25cm in the 4th step; The thickness of said deep placement bonnet earth is 8～10cm; The amount of said fertilising is executed farmyard manure 500kg, oil cake 90kg, organic commercial fertilizer 70kg for mu, and amount of nitrogen is controlled at 5.5～7.5kg/ mu; The ridge height degree of a said ridge two row modes is more than 25cm, and width is 1.8m between furrow; Said organic commercial fertilizer is to be organic matter material with poultry manure, agricultural crop straw, agricultural byproducts processing fertilizer, adds microbial bacterial agent, through the organic special fertilizer for tobacco material that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, harmless treatment such as heap fermentation forms; The planting density of said rational close planting is controlled at 1200～1400 strain/mus.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that said artificial control utilizes light, color insect-killing trapping or machinery to catch pests in the 5th step.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that in the 6th step, said gather in the morning or carry out the morning.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103098645A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-05-15 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco small strong seedlings |
| CN103548648A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-05 | 贵州关岭阿依苗生态农业发展有限公司 | Floating plate seedling-raising method |
| CN103858651A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-18 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for Yunnan flue-cured tobacco 97 |
| CN104041277A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-17 | 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司 | Crop rotation and no-tillage method for reducing chlorine ion content of tobacco leaves in field tobacco planting area |
| CN104126347A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-11-05 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Method for detecting seed maturity and method for picking mature seeds |
| CN104429463A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 南丹县农业局 | High-yield cultivation method for interplanting autumn sorghum after harvesting of tobacco leaves |
| CN104584839A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-05-06 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Southward propagation generation-adding breeding method for flattop ridge twin-row high density plantation of tobaccos |
| CN105075647A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Rainwater harvesting and drought resisting transplanting method adopting butterfly-shaped double-row concave ridges with large pits for deep application and used for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105191649A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-30 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | Method for optimizing quality of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN106717919A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 蒋加文 | A kind of capsicum semicircle ridge planting method |
| CN107711394A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-02-23 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method of Turkish tobaccos Prilep kinds |
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| CN103098645A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-05-15 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco small strong seedlings |
| CN103548648A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-05 | 贵州关岭阿依苗生态农业发展有限公司 | Floating plate seedling-raising method |
| CN103548648B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-02-17 | 贵州关岭阿依苗生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of method of floating disc nursery |
| CN103858651B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-09-30 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | A kind of cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars |
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| CN104429463A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 南丹县农业局 | High-yield cultivation method for interplanting autumn sorghum after harvesting of tobacco leaves |
| CN104584839A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-05-06 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Southward propagation generation-adding breeding method for flattop ridge twin-row high density plantation of tobaccos |
| CN104584839B (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2018-03-13 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | The one south numerous added-generation breeding method for growing tobacco the plant of flat-top ridge duplicate rows high density |
| CN105075647A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Rainwater harvesting and drought resisting transplanting method adopting butterfly-shaped double-row concave ridges with large pits for deep application and used for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105191649A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-30 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | Method for optimizing quality of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN106717919A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 蒋加文 | A kind of capsicum semicircle ridge planting method |
| CN107711394A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-02-23 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method of Turkish tobaccos Prilep kinds |
| CN107711394B (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2021-08-13 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method of aromatic tobacco Prilep variety |
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