AU2021105924A4 - Method for managing organic sugar beet farming system - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
This invention provides method for managing organic sugar beet farming system,
in particular relates to the field of agricultural management, which can meet the
requirement of pollution-free organic beets and improve the quality and yield of organic
beets. The method comprises the following steps: selecting the best land before
sowing, applying sufficient base fertilizer, plowing and irrigating, and preparing soil.
Sowing in spring, The average ground temperature of 5cm is stable at about 5°C,
selecting suitable seeds for drip irrigation under plastic film, irrigating according to
certain irrigation principles in the middle stage, controlling diseases, pests and weeds,
and controlling irrigation in the later stage.
Description
Method for managing organic sugar beet farming system
TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the field of agricultural management, in particular to method for managing organic sugar beet farming system.
BACKGROUND With the development of social economy and the improvement of quality of life, people are increasingly pursuing the use of pollution-free organic products. Sugar is one of the essential food raw materials for people's daily life, and it is also an important raw material for catering industry, food processing industry and other industries. Organic sugar is an ideal food and raw material without any pollution, which has been welcomed by consumers in recent years. Organic beet is the main raw material for producing organic sugar. Xinjiang is the largest sugar beet producing area in China, and has ecological environment for developing organic sugar beet. First of all, Xinjiang has unique natural conditions and cold winter, which is not conducive to the overwintering of pests and diseases, and the overall pests are lighter than those in the mainland; In summer, the climate is dry, the light is sufficient, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is the best area to develop organic beet. Secondly, Xinjiang is rich in land resources, with stable water sources and adequate irrigation conditions. Organic beet planting requires no pollution in the process of cultivation and management, but at present, there is no way to meet the pollution-free requirements of organic beet in the aspects of seed treatment, soil treatment, fertilization, pest control and so on. In view of many problems existing in the traditional beet planting and cultivation methods, the planner of the invention relies on years of agricultural planting experience and rich beet professional knowledge, and develops an organic beet cultivation method through continuous innovative research.
SUMMARY The purpose of the invention provides a cultivation method of organic beets, which can meet the requirement of pollution-free organic beets and improve the quality and yield of organic beets. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: (1) Preparation before sowing Choose the best land; Apply sufficient base fertilizer: The base fertilizer requires the use of organic fertilizer which is mixed with sheep manure and bean cake or cotton cake in a ratio of 4:1 and fully fermented and decomposed. The organic fertilizer does not contain any live insect eggs, live pathogens, weeds that can germinate or other crop seeds, and the dosage is ,000 kg/hm2 . It is evenly spread on the soil surface before turning over in autumn, and then mixed and applied in the soil plough layer by turning over machinery. Autumn ploughing and winter irrigation: after the crops in the previous season are harvested, weeds are removed in time and plowing the soil deeply, the plowing depth is more than 28cm, and irrigating the soil in time before it is frozen, and the irrigation amount per hectare is 1200m 3 - 1500m 3 Spring ploughing and spring irrigation: in the fields plowed in spring, weeds are removed in time before plough, and irrigation shall be carried out immediately after plow with the amount of 900m 3 per hectare. Land preparation before sowing: the land preparation before sowing is centered on soil moisture, and the autumn plowing and winter irrigation land is raked in time to protect soil moisture in early spring. According to the irrigation time and soil texture, the spring irrigation land is suitable for soil moisture and harrowing, and the land preparation is timely, and the harrowing depth is required to be 8 cm. The quality of land preparation shall be based on the standard of soil moisture, smoothness, looseness, fragmentation, cleanness and uniformity. (2) Sowing Suitable sowing time: 5cm in spring when the ground temperature is stable at 50 C. Drip irrigation planting under mulch film: adopt air suction precision film mulching seeding machine, sow at equal intervals of 50cm, cover film, punch holes whiling sowing seeds, cover soil and lay drip irrigation belts. Plant spacing is 18cm.The mulch film requires black and white film, with a thickness of 0.01mm and a width of 80-200 cm according to the model number of the seeding machine.
The drip irrigation belt shall be labyrinth-type, with an outer diameter of 16mm, wall thickness of 0.3mm, drip hole spacing of 0.3m, flow rate of 3L/h and a working pressure of 10OKpa. Seed use standard: select excellent varieties with strong disease resistance, stress resistance, high yield and stability, high sugar content and approved by national or provincial crop variety approval Committee. Seed quality requires germination rate above 95%, Water content below 14%, clarity above 98% and purity above 98%. Seed treatment: select domestic self-bred varieties or imported uncoated varieties, and the seeds must be without stalks. Before sowing, the seeds should be dried at 25C-35 0C for 3 hours and turned every half hour. Sowing depth: the sowing depth should be consistent, and the sowing depth should be 1.5 cm - 2.5 cm. Seeding amount: the seeding amount is 3kg/hm 2 (3) Seedling management (4) Mid-term management Irrigation principle: beet drips 10 times in the whole growth period, and the principle is to promote before and control after. The first drop of water was 55d-65d after sprout. The irrigation index of field plants is when leaves wilted at noon on sunny days. After the first water dropping, sugar beet enters the period of rapid root expansion, which should be watered in time and once every 8 to 12 days. In the middle and late period, the irrigation frequency and quota were reduced, and the water supply was stopped 20 days in advance before harvest. Irrigation quality requirements in the whole growth period: irrigation is uniform, no leakage irrigation and no water accumulation, and the soil water content reaches 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field after irrigation in the first and middle stages. Prevention and control of grass damage: use fully decomposed organic fertilizer. Use black and white film. Use seeds with a purity of over 98%. When planting the previous crop, pull out the weeds in the farming field in time. Clear weeds from sides of farming field in advance. (5) Post-management Irrigation control: in the late growth stage of sugar beet, field management mainly controls irrigation times and irrigation quota. After irrigation, the soil water content reaches 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity, and irrigation is stopped 20 days before harvest.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. 1.1 Land selection Choose plots that have not been planted with sugar beet for more than four years, and have not used any chemical pesticides and fertilizers in the process of planting crops in the first four years. The soil environmental quality meets the secondary standard in GB15618-1995, the water quality of irrigation water meets the requirements of GB5084, and the ambient air quality meets the secondary standard in GB3095-1996 and GB9137. There are no heavy polluting enterprises within 10km around the planting area, including pollution to soil, groundwater and air. The soil fertility is medium to high, with soil organic matter content 10g/kg - 15g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 60mg/kg, available phosphorus 8mg/kg ~ 10mg/kg, total salt content 4g/kg - 6g/kg, sandy loam or light clay with flat terrain and good irrigation and drainage conditions Low-lying land, sticky land and low tide land with high groundwater level should not be selected. The previous crops are wheat, beans, rape, alfalfa and other crops. 1.2 Apply sufficient base fertilizer The basic fertilizer requires the use of organic fertilizer which is mixed with sheep manure and bean cake or cotton cake according to the ratio of 4:1 and fully fermented and decomposed. The organic fertilizer does not contain any live eggs, live pathogens, weeds that can germinate or other crop seeds, etc. The dosage is 15000kg/hm 2 , which is evenly spread on the soil surface before autumn turning, and then mixed and applied in the soil plough layer by turning over the ground machinery. 1.3 Autumn plough and winter irrigation
After the crops in the previous season are harvested, weeds should be removed in time and ploughed deeply, with the tillage depth of more than 28cm. Before the soil is frozen, water should be poured in time, with the irrigation amount of 1,200m 3 ~ 1,500 m 3 per hectare. 1.4 Spring ploughing and irrigation For fields ploughed in spring, weeds shall be removed in time before plough, and irrigation shall be carried out immediately, with irrigation amount of 900m 3 per hectare. 1.5 Soil preparation before sowing The land preparation before sowing is centered on the word "moisture", and the autumn ploughing and winter irrigation land should be raked in time to protect moisture in early spring; Spring irrigation should be based on irrigation time and soil texture, suitable for soil moisture, harrowing, timely soil preparation, harrowing depth of 8cm. The quality of land preparation shall be carried out according to the standard of "soil moisture, level, loose, broken, clean and neat". 2. Sowing 2.1 Suitable time for sowing When the ground temperature of 5cm is stable at 50 C in spring, good soil moisture is the best sowing time. 2.2 Drip irrigation under mulch Adopt air-suction precision film-covered planter, sowing at equal row spacing of cm, covering film, punching, sowing, covering soil and laying drip irrigation belt. Plant spacing is 18cm. The plastic film requires black and white film, thickness of 0.01mm and width of 80cm- 200cm according to the model of seeder. The drip irrigation belt shall be labyrinth-type, with an outer diameter of 16mm, a wall thickness of 0.3mm, a drip hole spacing of 0.3m, a flow rate of 3L/h and a working pressure of 1OOKpa. 2.3 species standard Choosing excellent varieties with strong disease resistance, stress resistance, high yield and stable stability, high sugar content, suitable for local cultivation and planting, and approved by the national or provincial crop variety approval Committee, the seed quality requirements are germination rate above 95%, water content below 14%, purity above 98%, and purity above 98%.
2.4 Seed treatment Domestic self-bred varieties or imported uncoated varieties shall be selected, and the seeds shall be bare seeds, which shall be dried at 25C ~ 35 0C for 3 hours before sowing, and turned once every half hour. 2.5 Sowing depth The sowing depth should be consistent, and the general sowing depth should be 1.5 cm-2.5 cm. 2.6 Seeding rate Sowing amount is 3kg/hm 2 .
3. Seedling management 3.1 Hardening and scarification after sowing If the hardening is caused by rain after sowing, the hardening can be broken by the rake in the vertical direction with the sowing line, and the necessary soil loosening operation can be carried out between the films. 3.2 Thinning and fixing seedlings It is an important link to improve the yield and quality of sugar beet by thinning seedlings in time, fixing seedlings and cultivating strong seedlings. Two pairs of seedlings in true leaf stage, with 2-3 seedlings in each hole. Ten days after thinning, the seedlings were fixed, and one seedling was left in each hole. When thinning and fixing seedlings, it is necessary to remove weak seedlings, sick seedlings and pest seedlings, leaving strong seedlings. 3.3 Seedling checking and transplanting After the seedlings show up, if the phenomenon of missing seedlings and breaking ridges is found, the seedlings should be checked and transplanted in time, and the seedlings should be watered in time after moving. When transplanting seedlings, half of the true leaves can be cut off to prevent transpiration consumption of the leaves themselves. Generally, seedlings should be moved in a cool time in the afternoon. 3.4 Intertillage weeding The main functions of sugar beet intertillage are to remove weeds and loosen soil. Raise the ground temperature, store water and keep moisture. Improve soil physical and chemical conditions is beneficial to the activities of soil microorganisms. It is required to cultivate for 4 times, the first cultivation is carried out 5 days to 7 days after sowing, and the depth of cultivation is required to be 5 cm. The second time was carried out after the sugar beet seedlings appeared, and the tillage depth was 10cm. The third intertillage is carried out after the seedlings are fixed, and the tillage depth is required to be 15cm. The fourth intertillage shall be carried out before irrigation of head water, and the depth of cultivation shall be 20cm. Quality requirements of intertillage scarification: loose topsoil, no seedlings buried, no seedlings pressed, no seedlings injured, no missed tillage, no weeds in the field. 4. Medium-term management 4.1 Irrigation principle Sugarbeet has a large demand for water, and it drips more than 10 times in the whole growth period. The principle is to promote before and control after. The first drop of water occurred 55 ~ 65 days after emergence. The irrigation index of field plants is when leaves wilted at noon on sunny days. After the first water, sugar beet enters the period of rapid root expansion, during which sugar beet needs a lot of water, so it is necessary to irrigate it in time and irrigate it once every 8 to 12 days. In the middle and late period, the irrigation frequency and quota should be reduced, and the water supply should be stopped 20 days in advance before harvest. Irrigation quality requirements in the whole growth period: uniform irrigation, no leakage irrigation and no accumulation of water, and the soil water content after irrigation in the first and middle stages reaches 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. 4.2 Prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and diseases 4.2.1 Sugar beet Rhizoctonia solani Prevention and control measures: implement four-year rotation to avoid continuous cropping and successive cropping, with gramineous crops as the best former crop; Improve soil texture properties and enhance air permeability and water permeability; Timely ploughing and loosening soil, breaking the hardening, keeping the soil loose, raising the ground temperature, and promoting uniform and strong seedlings. 4.2.2 Beet root rot Prevention and control measures: Generally, the land with deep soil layer, fertile soil, loose soil, good ventilation, flat terrain, convenient drainage and low underground water level is preferred; For more than five years, rotation should be carried out to avoid continuous cropping or successive cropping, and the previous crop should be gramineous crops such as wheat; Tilling in late autumn and adding decomposed organic fertilizer can improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil fertility, promote root development and increase root disease resistance; Avoid flooding. Tillage and loosen soil in time, pay attention to the prevention and control of underground pests, and avoid all mechanical damage. 4.2.3 Rhizomatosis Prevention and control measures Sugarbeet Rhizomania is a soil-borne disease, avoiding continuous cropping and welcoming stubble; Implement rotation for more than five years. Increase the application of rotten organic fertilizer to improve and enhance soil fertility. Use disease-resistant varieties. 4.2.4 Clamp rot of sugar beet Prevention and control measures: implement crop rotation, thoroughly remove the sick residues in the field, promote the decay of sick residues in late autumn and winter irrigation, reduce the overwintering bacteria sources in the field, and reduce the incidence. 4.2.5 Powdery mildew Prevention and control measures: crop rotation and timely watering can prevent sugar beet from suffering from drought and overgrowth, and enhance plant disease resistance. 4.2.6 Brown spot disease Prevention and control measures Implement rotation for more than five years. Timely cultivation and weeding, eradication of wild hosts, increasing application of organic fertilizer, timely seedling setting, proper close planting, reasonable irrigation, and prevention of water accumulation in the field. 4.2.7 Land tiger Prevention and control measures: weeding and pest control, shallow cultivation during the spawning period of pests, systematic eradication of weeds in and out of beet fields, fattening or burning, so as to eliminate a large number of eggs and larvae. Autumn plough and winter irrigation, eliminating overwintering larvae, destroying the wintering places of cutworms and reducing the wintering base; Using the chemotaxis of adults, the adults were lured and killed by black light or sweet and sour solution.
4.2.8 Coleoptera insects such as beet weevil, stem weevil and flea beetle Prevention and control measures: autumn plough and winter irrigation to lower the population base of overwintering insects; Eliminate weeds and destroy adult overwintering sites and egg production bases in early spring; Sowing properly in advance can reduce the harm; Proper irrigation at seedling stage can inhibit the reproduction and harm of flea beetle. 4.2.9 Pests such as cabbage moth, clover moth and leaf miner Prevention and control measures Autumn plough and winter irrigation, eliminating weeds and cleaning the countryside can eliminate a large number of overwintering pupae and reduce the population base in the following year; Actively trapping and killing adults, using the tropism of adults, trapping and killing with sweet and sour solution, and also using sex attractant of cabbage moth. 4.2.10 Various grass hazards Prevention and control measures Use fully decomposed organic fertilizer; Use black and white film; Use seeds with a purity of over 98%; When planting the previous crop, pull out the weeds in the field in time; Clear weeds from fields in advance. 5 late management 5.1 control irrigation In the late growth stage of sugar beet, the field management is mainly to control irrigation frequency and irrigation quota. After irrigation, the soil water content reaches 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity, and irrigation is stopped 20 days before harvest. 5.2 Harvest 5.2.1 Harvest time Mature technology is the standard of harvesting sugar beet. The standard of mature technology of sugar beet is that the number of dead leaves above ground accounts for more than 30% of the total number of leaves, and the sugar content of root tuber below ground meets the requirements of local sugar enterprises. Sugarbeet is harvested for a long time, and it is harvested according to the harvest time arranged by local sugar enterprises. 5.2.2 harvesting methods Semi-mechanized harvesting and full-automatic mechanical harvesting can be adopted. Semi-mechanized harvesting method is to dig mechanically first, then cut manually, and finally concentrate on hauling; Full-automatic mechanical harvesting means that all links such as threshing, digging, picking up, loading and hauling are completed by machinery at one time. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. Avoid any pollution during the whole planting process of organic beet, and ensure pollution-free growth conditions of organic beet planting. 2. Organic production mode is adopted, that is, seed treatment, soil preparation and fertilization, field management, prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and diseases all meet the production requirements of organic beet, and the product quality is improved. In recent years, with the increasing demand of organic sugar market, Changji Sugar Company of tunhe vigorously developed organic beet production. In 2013, the invention was applied in Qianjin Village, Yushugou Town, changji city, Xinjiang, and 600mu of organic beets were planted. In the production process, the cultivation methods of organic beets were strictly observed. The raw material beets produced were of good quality, with sugar content reaching 16% and yield reaching 75,150 kg/hm 2. All detection indexes such as heavy metals and pesticide residues are in line with IFOAM's "Basic Standards for Organic Agriculture and Product Processing". Compared with local growers who use traditional cultivation methods to plant sugar beet, the sugar content is increased by 1 percentage point, the yield is increased by 5 percentage points, and the planting benefit is increased by 10 percentage points, which is rewarded by sugar enterprises. The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
- THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS: 1. Method for managing organic sugar beet farming system is characterized in that (1) Preparation before sowing Choose the best land; Apply sufficient base fertilizer: The base fertilizer requires the use of organic fertilizer which is mixed with sheep manure and bean cake or cotton cake in a ratio of 4:1 and fully fermented and decomposed. The organic fertilizer does not contain any live insect eggs, live pathogens, weeds that can germinate or other crop seeds, and the dosage is ,000 kg/hm2 . It is evenly spread on the soil surface before turning over in autumn, and then mixed and applied in the soil plough layer by turning over machinery. Autumn ploughing and winter irrigation: after the crops in the previous season are harvested, weeds are removed in time and plowing the soil deeply, the plowing depth is more than 28cm, and irrigating the soil in time before it is frozen, and the irrigation amount per hectare is 1200m 3 - 1500m 3 Spring ploughing and spring irrigation: in the fields plowed in spring, weeds are removed in time before plough, and irrigation shall be carried out immediately after plow with the amount of 900m 3 per hectare. Land preparation before sowing: the land preparation before sowing is centered on soil moisture, and the autumn plowing and winter irrigation land is raked in time to protect soil moisture in early spring. According to the irrigation time and soil texture, the spring irrigation land is suitable for soil moisture and harrowing, and the land preparation is timely, and the harrowing depth is required to be 8 cm. The quality of land preparation shall be based on the standard of soil moisture, smoothness, looseness, fragmentation, cleanness and uniformity. (2) Sowing Suitable sowing time: 5cm in spring when the ground temperature is stable at 50 C. Drip irrigation planting under mulch film: adopt air suction precision film mulching seeding machine, sow at equal intervals of 50cm, cover film, punch holes whiling sowing seeds, cover soil and lay drip irrigation belts. Plant spacing is 18cm.The mulch film requires black and white film, with a thickness of 0.01mm and a width of 80-200 cm according to the model number of the seeding machine.The drip irrigation belt shall be labyrinth-type, with an outer diameter of 16mm, wall thickness of 0.3mm, drip hole spacing of 0.3m, flow rate of 3L/h and a working pressure of 10OKpa. Seed use standard: select excellent varieties with strong disease resistance, stress resistance, high yield and stability, high sugar content and approved by national or provincial crop variety approval Committee. Seed quality requires germination rate above 95%, Water content below 14%, clarity above 98% and purity above 98%. Seed treatment: select domestic self-bred varieties or imported uncoated varieties, and the seeds must be without stalks. Before sowing, the seeds should be dried at 25C-35 0C for 3 hours and turned every half hour. Sowing depth: the sowing depth should be consistent, and the sowing depth should be 1.5 cm - 2.5 cm. Seeding amount: the seeding amount is 3kg/hm 2 (3) Seedling management (4) Mid-term management Irrigation principle: beet drips 10 times in the whole growth period, and the principle is to promote before and control after. The first drop of water was 55d-65d after sprout. The irrigation index of field plants is when leaves wilted at noon on sunny days. After the first water dropping, sugar beet enters the period of rapid root expansion, which should be watered in time and once every 8 to 12 days. In the middle and late period, the irrigation frequency and quota were reduced, and the water supply was stopped 20 days in advance before harvest. Irrigation quality requirements in the whole growth period: irrigation is uniform, no leakage irrigation and no water accumulation, and the soil water content reaches 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field after irrigation in the first and middle stages. Prevention and control of grass damage: use fully decomposed organic fertilizer. Use black and white film. Use seeds with a purity of over 98%. When planting the previous crop, pull out the weeds in the farming field in time. Clear weeds from sides of farming field in advance. (5) Post-management Irrigation control: in the late growth stage of sugar beet, field management mainly controls irrigation times and irrigation quota. After irrigation, the soil water content reaches 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity, and irrigation is stopped 20 days before harvest.
- 2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein, selecting the best land includes: selecting plots that have not been planted with sugar beet for more than four years, and having not used any chemical pesticides or chemical fertilizers in the process of planting crops in the first four years, the soil environmental quality meets the secondary standard in GB15618-1995, the water quality of farmland irrigation water meets the requirements of GB5084, and the ambient air quality meets the secondary standard in GB3095-1996 and GB9137. There are no heavily polluting enterprises within km around the planting area, including pollution to soil, groundwater and air. The soil fertility is medium to high, with soil organic matter content of 10g/kg - 15g/kg, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen of 60mg/kg, available phosphorus of 8mg/kg - 10mg/kg, total salt content of 4g/kg - 6g/kg, flat terrain, sandy loam or light clay with good irrigation and drainage conditions; It is not suitable to choose low-lying land, sticky land and low-tide land with high groundwater level; The previous crops are wheat, beans, rape or alfalfa.
- 3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling management comprises: Breaking hardening and loosening soil after sowing: if hardening is caused by rain after sowing, break hardening with harrow in the vertical direction with sowing line, and carry out necessary loosening operation between films. Thinning and fixing seedlings: thinning and fixing seedlings in time to cultivate strong seedlings. Two pairs of true leaf time seedlings, with 2-3 seedlings in each hole, 10-15 days after thinning seedlings, one seedling was left in each hole.When thinning and fixing seedlings, remove weak seedlings, sick seedlings and pest seedlings, and leave strong seedlings. Seedling checking and transplanting: after the seedlings are displayed, if the phenomenon of missing seedlings and breaking ridges is found, the seedlings should be checked and transplanted in time, and the seedlings should be watered in time after moving. When transplanting seedlings, cut off half of the true leaves to prevent the transpiration consumption of the leaves themselves. Transplanting seedlings in cool time in the afternoon. Intertillage and weeding: It is required to intertill for 4 times, the first intertillage is carried out 5 days to 7 days after sowing, and the depth of tillage is required to be 5 cm; The second time was carried out after the sugar beet seedlings appeared, and the tillage depth was 10cm. The third intertillage is carried out after the seedlings are fixed, and the tillage depth is required to be 15cm. The fourth intertillage is carried out before irrigation of head water, and the tillage depth is required to be 20cm. Quality requirements of intertillage scarification: loose topsoil, no seedlings buried, no seedlings pressed, no seedlings injured, no missed tillage, no weeds in the field.
- 4. The management method, according to claim 1, further comprising pest control: Prevention and control measures of sugar beet blight: implement four-year rotation to avoid continuous cropping and successive cropping, and the previous crop is Gramineae crop. Improve physical and chemical properties of soil and enhance air permeability and water permeability. Timely plow and loosen the soil, break the harden, keep the soil loose, raise the ground temperature, promote the uniform seedling and strengthen the seedling. Prevention and control measures of beet root rot: select plots with deep soil layer, fertile soil, loose soil, good ventilation, flat terrain, convenient drainage and low groundwater level. Rotate crops for more than five years to avoid continuous cropping or continuous cropping, and the previous crop is Gramineae crop. Tilling in late autumn and adding decomposed organic fertilizer can improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil fertility, promote root development and increase root disease resistance; Avoid flooding; Timely tillage and scarification, pay attention to the prevention and control of underground pests, and avoid all mechanical damage. Prevention and control measures of beet root clump: beet root clump is a soil-borne disease, avoiding continuous cropping and welcoming stubble; Implement rotation for more than five years; Increase the application of decomposed organic fertilizer to improve and enhance soil fertility; Use disease-resistant varieties. Prevention and control measures of clamp rot of sugar beet: implement rotation, thoroughly remove sick residues in the field, promote the rot of sick residues in late autumn and winter irrigation, reduce the source of overwintering bacteria in the field and reduce the incidence. Prevention and control measures of beet powdery mildew: crop rotation and timely watering to prevent beet from suffering from drought, prevent excessive growth and enhance plant disease resistance Prevention and control measures of sugar beet brown spot: implement rotation for more than five years. Timely cultivation and weeding, eradication of wild hosts, increasing application of organic fertilizer, timely seedling setting, proper close planting and reasonable irrigation to prevent water accumulation in the field. Control measures of cutworm: weeding and killing insects, shallow cultivation during the spawning period of pests, systematic eradication of weeds inside and outside beet fields, fattening or burning, so as to eliminate a large number of eggs and larvae; Autumn ploughing and winter irrigation can eliminate overwintering larvae, destroy the wintering grounds of yellow tiger and reduce the wintering base. Using the chemotaxis of adult insects, trapping and killing adults with black light or sweet and sour liquid. Control measures of coleoptera insects: Autumn plough and winter irrigation, lowering the population base of overwintering insects. Eliminate weeds and destroy adult overwintering sites and early spring spawning bases; Sow seeds in time to reduce hazards; Appropriate irrigation at seedling stage can inhibit the reproduction and harm of flea beetle. Control measures of cabbage moth, clover moth and leaf miner: autumn ploughing and winter irrigation, weeding, cleaning the countryside, eliminating overwintering pupae and reducing the population base in the following year; Actively trapping and killing adults, using the tropism of adults, trapping and killing with sweet and sour liquid, or trapping and killing with cabbage night moth sex attractant.
- 5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising harvesting: Harvest time: the standard of sugar beet technology maturity is that the number of dead leaves above ground accounts for more than 30% of the total number of leaves, and the sugar content of underground roots meets the requirements of local sugar enterprises. Harvesting methods: Semi-mechanized harvesting and fully automatic mechanical harvesting are adopted. Among them, the semi-mechanized harvesting mode is to dig mechanically first, then cut manually, and finally concentrate on hauling. In the full automatic mechanical harvesting mode, all links of threshing, digging, picking up, loading and hauling are completed by machinery at one time.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115005040A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-09-06 | 新疆穗峰绿色农业科技有限公司 | Dry sowing and wet-out cultivation method for cotton in sandy soil by using ultra-wide film with length of 4.3 m |
| CN115005041A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-09-06 | 新疆穗峰绿色农业科技有限公司 | Dry-sowing and wet-out cultivation method for cotton in heavy soil by using 4.3-meter ultra-wide film |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115005040A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-09-06 | 新疆穗峰绿色农业科技有限公司 | Dry sowing and wet-out cultivation method for cotton in sandy soil by using ultra-wide film with length of 4.3 m |
| CN115005041A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-09-06 | 新疆穗峰绿色农业科技有限公司 | Dry-sowing and wet-out cultivation method for cotton in heavy soil by using 4.3-meter ultra-wide film |
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