CN111837851A - Cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato area - Google Patents

Cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato area Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111837851A
CN111837851A CN202010667278.XA CN202010667278A CN111837851A CN 111837851 A CN111837851 A CN 111837851A CN 202010667278 A CN202010667278 A CN 202010667278A CN 111837851 A CN111837851 A CN 111837851A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
potato
planting
seedlings
leaves
soil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010667278.XA
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
蒋晓璐
王秀梅
刘新亮
朱玉灵
陈卫
蒋立成
李智民
陈乃珍
张秀
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuyang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Original Assignee
Fuyang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuyang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences filed Critical Fuyang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority to CN202010667278.XA priority Critical patent/CN111837851A/en
Publication of CN111837851A publication Critical patent/CN111837851A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/28—Raised beds; Planting beds; Edging elements for beds, lawn or the like, e.g. tiles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas, and belongs to the field of sweet potato cultivation. The invention can greatly improve the yield; the good field management can ensure the quality of the leaf vegetables, thereby effectively improving the economic benefit of the sweet potatoes for the leaf vegetables, and the method has reliable technology, convenient operation and easy implementation.

Description

Cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato area
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas.
Background
Sweet potatoes are important grain crops in our province, the annual planting area is about 30 hectares, people pay attention to health-care food along with the improvement of the living level, the food therapy is studied, and the stem leaves of the sweet potatoes are fresh green health-care vegetables which are rich and balanced in nutrition, strong in health-care effect and good in taste and flavor and are particularly popular in developed countries and regions; however, the effect of the field management method is not good when the sweet potatoes in the prior art are planted, so that the quality and the yield of the leaf vegetable sweet potatoes cannot be guaranteed, the high-quality production capacity and the economic benefit of the leaf vegetable sweet potatoes are reduced, and the development of the processing industry of the sweet potato stem tips is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low quality and low yield of leaf vegetable type sweet potatoes in the prior art, and provides a cultivation method of edible potato leaves in a northern potato area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the environment conditions of a producing area, selecting soil with good fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep soil layer, porosity and ventilation and rich organic matters, selecting the variety of the leaf vegetable sweet potatoes to be planted, determining the quality of the variety, and then planting the sweet potatoes;
s2, selecting a seedbed, starting seedling cultivation after the seedling cultivation method is determined, simultaneously controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, performing topdressing on the seedbed, performing seedling quarantine, and cutting the potato seedlings 5-7 cm away from the ground when the potato seedlings grow to 25-30 cm;
s3, preparing soil, making furrows, loosening and compacting plough layers, leveling and finely crushing the ground surface, dredging drainage ditches, making furrow ditches, waist ditches and surrounding ditches, and then fertilizing again;
s4, determining the planting time, method and density, leveling the furrow after planting, and then pressing the ridge land;
s5, performing field management operation, checking seedlings and filling gaps, observing dead seedlings or missed planting within one week after planting, and timely filling the gaps; obviously different plants and diseased plants exist, the replanting is immediately pulled out, the weeds are manually pulled out in time, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are controlled;
S6, carrying out ridge division and vine arrangement, moving the potato vines on one side of the potato ridges to the other side, and combining every two potato vines in one groove, and airing the potato vines in one groove to improve the potato ridge heat collection condition and increase the day and night temperature difference;
s7, timely pinching after planting, picking off at noon in sunny days, timely trimming after each picking, reserving 2-3 internodes at the base of the branch, reserving strong leaves, timely topdressing the next day after trimming, and performing topdressing at 2kg/667m after each picking2Diluting urea with water, spraying fertilizer, spraying nutrient on wound surface, wherein the nutrient comprises potassium carbonate and a small amount of phosphorus, and trimming 2-3 branches with scissors;
s8, during the growth and expansion period of the tuberous roots of the sweet potatoes, in October and September, when cracks appear in the surface soil layer, crack fertilizer is applied in a pouring mode, the action is slow in fertilizer application, and after fertilizer application, the crack openings are sealed by fine surface soil immediately to reduce fertilizer volatilization and water evaporation;
s9, pest control, wherein different pest control methods are adopted for different pests, and the main pests are as follows: the control method of the sphinx moth comprises the following steps: spray moth killing with 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 100g-150g/667m 2; or 16000IU/mg Bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad combined medicament spray-applied moth-killing with the dosages of 75g/667m respectively 2And 0.5g/667m2。
And S10, harvesting.
Preferably, in step S2, selecting a field without diseases and water accumulation to make a seedbed; the seedling growing method comprises the following steps: the seed sowing is heated by adopting an electric heating hotbed or solar radiation, the head and the tail of the seed sowing are connected, and the thickness of the covering soil is 3cm after the seed sowing is thoroughly watered.
Preferably, in the step S2, high-temperature germination is adopted, the ground temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 35-38 ℃ for 3 days, then the ground temperature is reduced to 25-28 ℃ to the seedling aligning period, and the water holding capacity of the bed soil is kept at 70-80%; and (3) within 3-5 days before picking the seedlings, reducing the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed to be consistent with the cultivation environment, wherein the seedbed is positioned at a position 3-5 cm below the ground.
Preferably, in step S2, the top dressing specifically includes: the next day of seedling collection, 30g/m of pure nitrogen is applied every time2Fully sprinkling water after application; the seedling shearing operation specifically comprises the following steps: when the potato seedlings grow to 25cm-30cm, cutting the potato seedlings at a position 5cm-7cm away from the ground.
Preferably, in step S3, the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge width is 100cm, the ridge spacing is 35cm-40cm, and each 667m before soil preparation220kg-30kg of fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the planting time in the step S4 is 4 to 8 ten days; the planting and transplanting method comprises the following steps: 2-3 sections of seedlings are planted in the soil and 2 sections of seedlings are planted on the ground, and the seedlings are watered thoroughly; the planting density is as follows: each 667m211500-12500 colonizations.
Preferably, the suitable growth temperature of the field management in the step S5 is 18-30 ℃, greenhouse production is adopted in winter, temperature is controlled in modes of sun shading, spray cooling and the like in summer, frequent water replenishing is carried out by adopting the measures of small water service watering, sprinkling irrigation is advocated, and the soil humidity is kept at 80-90%.
Preferably, the pest and disease damage in step S9 mainly includes: stem nematode disease, virus disease, Spodoptera exigua, black spot.
Preferably, the stem nematode disease control period is before planting, and the control method comprises the following steps: adopting high shearing seedling, then adopting 10% bromine phosphorus granules according to 2000g-3000g/667m2Furrow application or hole application; the prevention and treatment period of the virus diseases is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts removal; the control method comprises trapping and killing Spodoptera litura by black light lamp and sugar-vinegar solution, and using 200g/L chlorantraniliprole SC7m1-13ml/667m2Adding water and spraying the mixture on the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces; the prevention and treatment period of black spot is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts 70% thiophanate methyl WP1600 times-20 times00 times of the potato blocks or 80 percent of ethylicin EC2000 times of the potato blocks.
Preferably, the harvesting in step S9 specifically comprises: picking the stem tips from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart by hand or cutting 40 to 45 days after planting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas, the registered sweet potato varieties suitable for planting leaf vegetables are selected, the potato seeds are required to meet the GB4406 specification, the virus-free potato seeds are required to meet the NY/T1200 specification, then disease-free and water-accumulation-free fields are selected to manufacture seedbeds, an electric heating hotbed or solar radiation heating is adopted, and the seedling cultivation method is required to meet the DB34/T185.1 requirement; when picking, pinching in time after planting and surviving, pinching operation is selected to pick off at noon in fine day, photosynthesis can be enhanced at noon in fine day, yield of sweet potatoes is increased, trimming is carried out in time after each picking, 2-3 internodes of branch base parts are reserved, strong leaves are left, leaves are convenient to grow, the sweet potatoes are not easy to pick, topdressing is carried out in time after trimming, and after each picking, topdressing is carried out according to 2kg/667m2The urea is diluted by water and sprayed to fertilizer, so that the urea is communicated with the wound surface, the yield can be further increased, 2-3 branches which grow vigorously are trimmed by scissors, the nutrients can flow back, more nutrients can be obtained, the yield can be increased, the light transmission condition can be improved, the photosynthesis is accelerated, the vine lifting operation can be performed, the root formation breeding can be prevented, the nutrients can be dispersed, and the yield increasing effect can be further achieved.
2. The cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas has the main diseases such as black spot, virus diseases and the like, and the main insect pests such as stem nematodes, hawkmoths, prodenia litura and the like, mainly takes prevention as main control, integrates prevention and control, preferentially adopts agricultural control, biological control and physical control, and reasonably uses chemical control, wherein the agricultural control selects resistant varieties, carries out crop rotation for 2 to 3 years, deep ploughs and sunning upturned soil, fine ploughing and fine farming, cultivating strong seedlings, increasing application of harmless organic fertilizer, properly applying chemical fertilizer, cleaning gardens, and the physical control adopts sticky trap killing, manual trapping killing, frequency vibration lamp trapping and killing and the likeThe method for preventing and treating the nematodiasis adopts a method of utilizing natural enemies, biological agents are used, pesticides used for chemical prevention and treatment conform to the regulations of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276, the prevention and treatment period of the nematodiasis is before planting, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps: adopting high-shear seeding, then adopting 10% bromine phosphorus granules according to 2000g-3000g/667m2Furrow application or hole application; the prevention and treatment period of the virus diseases is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts removal; the preventing and controlling period of the Tian moth is the full growth period, the preventing and controlling method is to lure the moth by adopting light, then spray-kill the moth by adopting 16000IU/mg of bacillus thuringiensis 100g-150g/667m2 or spray-kill the moth by adopting 16000IU/mg of bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad combined medicament, the dosage of the two are respectively 75g/667m 2And 0.5g/667m2. The control period of the prodenia litura is the larva period, the control method is to adopt a black light lamp and sugar-vinegar liquid to trap and kill, and 200g/L of chlorantraniliprole SC7ml-13ml/667m is adopted2Adding water and spraying the mixture on the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces; the prevention and treatment period of the black spot is the whole growth period, the prevention and treatment method is to soak the potato blocks by 70 percent of thiophanate methyl WP1600 times to 2000 times or 80 percent of ethylicin EC2000 times, and the stem tips of two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart can be picked 40 days to 45 days after the planting.
The part not involved in the device is the same as the prior art or can be realized by the prior art, and the invention can greatly improve the yield; the quality of the leaf vegetables can be ensured through good field management, so that the economic benefit of the sweet potatoes for the leaf vegetables is effectively improved, the technology is reliable, the operation is convenient, and the implementation is easy.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships only for the convenience of description and the simplicity of description, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1:
a cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the environment conditions of a producing area, selecting soil with good fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep soil layer, porosity and ventilation and rich organic matters, selecting the variety of the leaf vegetable sweet potatoes to be planted, determining the quality of the variety, and then planting the sweet potatoes;
s2, selecting a seedbed, starting seedling cultivation after the seedling cultivation method is determined, simultaneously controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, performing topdressing on the seedbed, performing seedling quarantine, and cutting the potato seedlings 5cm away from the ground when the potato seedlings grow to 25 cm;
s3, preparing soil, making furrows, loosening and compacting plough layers, leveling and finely crushing the ground surface, dredging drainage ditches, making furrow ditches, waist ditches and surrounding ditches, and then fertilizing again;
s4, determining the planting time, method and density, leveling the furrow after planting, and then pressing the ridge land;
s5, performing field management operation, checking seedlings and filling gaps, observing dead seedlings or missed planting within one week after planting, and timely filling the gaps; obviously different plants and diseased plants exist, the replanting is immediately pulled out, the weeds are manually pulled out in time, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are controlled;
s6, carrying out ridge division and vine arrangement, moving the potato vines on one side of the potato ridges to the other side, and combining every two potato vines in one groove, and airing the potato vines in one groove to improve the potato ridge heat collection condition and increase the day and night temperature difference;
S7, timely pinching after planting, picking off at noon in sunny days, timely trimming after each picking, reserving 2 knots at the base of the branch, reserving strong leaves, timely topdressing the next day after trimming, and after each picking, performing topdressing according to the ratio of 2kg/667m2Diluting urea with water, spraying fertilizer, spraying nutrients on the wound surface, wherein the nutrients comprise potassium carbonate and a small amount of phosphorus, and trimming 2 branches with scissors;
s8, in August, when cracks appear in the surface soil layer during growth and expansion of the sweet potato tuberous roots, applying crack fertilizer in a pouring mode, wherein the action is slow, and after fertilizer pouring, the crack openings are immediately sealed by fine surface soil to reduce fertilizer volatilization and moisture evaporation;
s9, pest control, wherein different pest control methods are adopted for different pests, and the main pests are as follows: the control method of the sphinx moth comprises the following steps: spray moth killing with 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 100g-150g/667m 2;
and S10, harvesting.
Step S2, selecting a field without diseases and water accumulation to make a seedbed; the seedling raising method comprises the following steps: the seed sowing is carried out by heating by an electric heating hotbed or solar radiation, connecting the seed sowing heads and the seeds, and covering the soil with the thickness of 3cm after the seeds are watered thoroughly.
In the step S2, high-temperature germination is adopted, the ground temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 35 ℃ for 3 days, then the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ until the seedling aligning period, and the water holding capacity of the bed soil is kept at 70%; within 3 days before picking the seedlings, the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed are reduced to be consistent with those of the cultivation environment, and the seedbed is positioned at the position 3cm underground.
In step S2, the specific operations of top dressing are: the next day of seedling collection, 30g/m of pure nitrogen is applied every time2Fully sprinkling water after application; the seedling shearing operation specifically comprises the following steps: when the potato seedlings grow to 25cm, the seedlings are cut at the position 5cm away from the ground.
In step S3, the height of each furrow is 20cm, the width of each furrow is 100cm, the distance between every two furrows is 35cm, and each 667m before soil preparation2And 20kg of fertilizer is applied, wherein the fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer.
The planting time in the step S4 is 4 last ten days of month; the planting and transplanting method comprises the following steps: 2 sections of seedlings are planted in the soil and 2 sections of seedlings are planted on the ground, and the seedlings are watered thoroughly after being planted; the planting density is as follows: each 667m211500 plants are planted.
The suitable growth temperature of the field management in the step S5 is 18 ℃, the greenhouse production is adopted in winter, the temperature is controlled in a mode of sun shading, spray cooling and the like when the temperature is high in summer, the frequent water replenishing is carried out by adopting the small water service irrigation measures, the sprinkling irrigation is advocated, and the soil humidity is kept at 80%.
The pest and disease damage in the step S9 mainly comprises the following steps: stem nematode disease, virus disease, prodenia litura, black spot.
The prevention and control period of the stem nematode disease is before planting, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps: high shear seeding is adopted, then 10% bromine phosphorus granules are adopted according to 2000g/667m2Furrow application or hole application; the prevention and treatment period of the virus disease is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts removal; the control method comprises trapping and killing Spodoptera litura with black light lamp and sugar-vinegar solution, and using 200g/L chlorantraniliprole SC7ml/667m 2Adding water and spraying the mixture on the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces; the prevention and treatment period of the black spot is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts 70 percentThe thiophanate methyl WP is 1600 times to 2000 times of the potato blocks or 80 percent ethylicin EC2000 times of the potato blocks.
The specific operations of harvesting in step S9 are: and picking the stem tips from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart by manual picking or cutting 40 days after the planting.
In the invention, the registered sweet potato variety suitable for planting leaf vegetables is selected as the variety, the seed potato is required to meet the regulation of GB4406, the virus-free seed potato is required to meet the regulation of NY/T1200, then a disease-free and water-accumulation-free field is selected to manufacture a seedbed, an electric hotbed or solar radiation heating is adopted, and the seedling growing method is required to meet the requirement of DB 34/T185.1; picking, picking in time after planting and survival, picking at noon in fine day, enhancing photosynthesis at noon in fine day, increasing yield of sweet potato, trimming in time after each picking, keeping 2 internodes at the base of branch, leaving strong leaves, facilitating leaf emergence, not easily picking up dry, thin and barren, topdressing in time the next day after trimming, picking at 2kg/667m after each picking2The urea is diluted by adding water and sprayed for fertilization to be communicated with a wound surface, so that the yield can be further increased, 2 branches which grow vigorously are trimmed by using scissors, the nutrients can flow back, more nutrients are obtained, the yield is increased, the light transmission condition can be improved, the photosynthesis is accelerated, the vine lifting operation can be performed, the root formation breeding is prevented, the nutrients are dispersed, and the yield increasing effect is further achieved.
The main diseases comprise black spot, virus diseases and the like, the main insect pests comprise stem nematodes, hawkmoths, prodenia litura and the like, the prevention is mainly carried out, the comprehensive prevention and control are preferably carried out, agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control and physical prevention and control are preferably adopted, chemical prevention and control are reasonably used, wherein resistant varieties are selected for the agricultural prevention and control, 2-3-year rotation is carried out, deep ploughing and upturned soil drying are carried out, fine ploughing and fine farming are carried out, strong seedlings are cultivated, harmless organic fertilizers are added, chemical fertilizers are properly applied, fields and gardens are cleaned, pest sticking plates are adopted for physical prevention and control, artificial killing, frequency vibration lamp killing and the like are adopted for the biological prevention and control, natural enemies are used, biological agents are used, pesticides used for the chemical prevention and control are in accordance with the regulations of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276, the prevention and control period of the stem nematode: using high shear seedlings, then using 10% bromine phosphorus particlesGranules according to 2000g/667m2Furrow application or hole application; the prevention and treatment period of the virus diseases is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts removal; the preventing and controlling period of the sex moth is the full growth period, the preventing and controlling method is to adopt light to lure the sex moth, then adopt the spray of 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 100g/667m2 to kill the sex moth; the control period of the prodenia litura is a larval stage, the control method comprises trapping and killing by using a black light lamp and sugar-vinegar liquid and adopting 200g/L chlorantraniliprole SC7ml/667m 2Adding water and spraying the mixture on the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces; the prevention and treatment period of the black spot is the whole growth period, the prevention and treatment method is to soak the potato blocks by 70 percent of thiophanate methyl WP1600 times or 80 percent of ethylicin EC2000 times, and the stem tips from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart can be picked up 40 days after the planting.
Example 2:
a cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the environment conditions of a producing area, selecting soil with good fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep soil layer, porosity and ventilation and rich organic matters, selecting the variety of the leaf vegetable sweet potatoes to be planted, determining the quality of the variety, and then planting the sweet potatoes;
s2, selecting a seedbed, starting seedling cultivation after the seedling cultivation method is determined, simultaneously controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, performing topdressing on the seedbed, performing seedling quarantine, and cutting the potato seedlings 7cm away from the ground when the potato seedlings grow to 30 cm;
s3, preparing soil, making furrows, loosening and compacting plough layers, leveling and finely crushing the ground surface, dredging drainage ditches, making furrow ditches, waist ditches and surrounding ditches, and then fertilizing again;
s4, determining the planting time, method and density, leveling the furrow after planting, and then pressing the ridge land;
s5, performing field management operation, checking seedlings and filling gaps, observing dead seedlings or missed planting within one week after planting, and timely filling the gaps; obviously different plants and diseased plants exist, the replanting is immediately pulled out, the weeds are manually pulled out in time, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are controlled;
S6, carrying out ridge division and vine arrangement, moving the potato vines on one side of the potato ridges to the other side, and combining every two potato vines in one groove, and airing the potato vines in one groove to improve the potato ridge heat collection condition and increase the day and night temperature difference;
s7, timely pinching after planting, picking off at noon in sunny days, timely trimming after each picking, reserving 3 knots at the base of the branch, reserving strong leaves, timely topdressing the next day after trimming, and after each picking, performing topdressing according to the ratio of 2kg/667m2Diluting urea with water, spraying fertilizer, spraying nutrients on the wound surface, wherein the nutrients comprise potassium carbonate and a small amount of phosphorus, and trimming 3 branches which grow vigorously with scissors;
s8, in the growth and expansion period of the sweet potato tuberous roots, in September, when cracks occur in the surface soil layer, crack fertilizer is applied in a pouring mode, the action is slow in the fertilizer pouring process, and after the fertilizer is applied, the crack openings are immediately sealed by fine surface soil to reduce fertilizer volatilization and moisture evaporation;
s9, pest control, wherein different pest control methods are adopted for different pests, and the main pests are as follows: the control method of the sphinx moth comprises the following steps: spray moth killing with 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 100g-150g/667m 2;
and S10, harvesting.
Step S2, selecting a field without diseases and water accumulation to make a seedbed; the seedling raising method comprises the following steps: the seed sowing is carried out by heating by an electric heating hotbed or solar radiation, connecting the seed sowing heads and the seeds, and covering the soil with the thickness of 3cm after the seeds are watered thoroughly.
In the step S2, high-temperature germination is adopted, the ground temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 38 ℃ for 3 days, then the ground temperature is reduced to 28 ℃ to the seedling aligning period, and the water holding capacity of the bed soil is kept at 80%; within 5 days before picking the seedlings, the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed are reduced to be consistent with the cultivation environment, and the seedbed is positioned at the position 5cm underground.
In step S2, the specific operations of top dressing are: the next day of seedling collection, 30g/m of pure nitrogen is applied every time2Fully sprinkling water after application; the seedling shearing operation specifically comprises the following steps: when the potato seedlings grow to 30cm, the seedlings are cut at a position 7cm away from the ground.
In step S3, the height of each furrow is 20cm, the width of each furrow is 100cm, the distance between every two furrows is 40cm, and each 667m before soil preparation230kg of fertilizer is applied, wherein the fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer.
The planting time in the step S4 is 8 last ten days of month; the planting and transplanting method comprises the following steps: 2-3 sections of seedlings are planted in the soil and 2 sections of seedlings are planted on the ground, and the seedlings are watered thoroughly; the planting density is as follows: each 667m2Planting12500 Strain.
The suitable growth temperature of the field management in the step S5 is 30 ℃, greenhouse production is adopted in winter, temperature is controlled in modes of sun shading, spray cooling and the like when the temperature is high in summer, frequent water replenishing is carried out by adopting the small water service irrigation measures, sprinkling irrigation is advocated, and the soil humidity is kept at 90%.
The pest and disease damage in the step S8 mainly comprises the following steps: stem nematode disease, virus disease, prodenia litura, black spot.
The prevention and control period of the stem nematode disease is before planting, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps: high shear seeding is adopted, then 10% bromine phosphorus granules are adopted according to the ratio of 3000g/667m2Furrow application or hole application; the prevention and treatment period of the virus disease is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts removal; the control method comprises trapping and killing Spodoptera litura with black light lamp and sugar-vinegar solution, and using 200g/L chlorantraniliprole SC13ml/667m2Adding water and spraying the mixture on the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces; the prevention and treatment period of the black spot is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method is to soak potato blocks by 70 percent of thiophanate methyl WP2000 times or soak potato blocks by 80 percent of ethylicin EC2000 times.
The specific operations of harvesting in step S9 are: picking the stem tips from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart by hand or cutting 40 to 45 days after planting.
In the invention, the registered sweet potato variety suitable for planting leaf vegetables is selected as the variety, the seed potato is required to meet the regulation of GB4406, the virus-free seed potato is required to meet the regulation of NY/T1200, then a disease-free and water-accumulation-free field is selected to manufacture a seedbed, an electric hotbed or solar radiation heating is adopted, and the seedling growing method is required to meet the requirement of DB 34/T185.1; picking, timely pinching after planting and surviving, picking at noon in fine day by picking at noon in fine day, enhancing photosynthesis at noon in fine day, increasing yield of sweet potatoes, timely trimming after each picking, keeping 3 knots at the base of branches, leaving strong leaves, facilitating leaf development, not easily picking up dry, thin and barren, timely topdressing the next day after trimming, and picking at 2kg/667m after each picking 2Diluting urea with water, spraying, applying fertilizer, connecting to wound surface, increasing yield, trimming 3 branches with scissors to allow nutrients to flow back, and increasing yieldAnd the yield is increased, the light transmission condition can be improved, the photosynthesis is accelerated, and vine lifting operation can be performed to prevent root growth, so that nutrients are dispersed, and the effect of increasing the yield is further achieved.
The main diseases comprise black spot, virus diseases and the like, the main insect pests comprise stem nematodes, hawkmoths, prodenia litura and the like, the prevention is mainly carried out, the comprehensive prevention and control are preferably carried out, agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control and physical prevention and control are preferably adopted, chemical prevention and control are reasonably used, wherein resistant varieties are selected for the agricultural prevention and control, 2-3-year rotation is carried out, deep ploughing and upturned soil drying are carried out, fine ploughing and fine farming are carried out, strong seedlings are cultivated, harmless organic fertilizers are added, chemical fertilizers are properly applied, fields and gardens are cleaned, pest sticking plates are adopted for physical prevention and control, artificial killing, frequency vibration lamp killing and the like are adopted for the biological prevention and control, natural enemies are used, biological agents are used, pesticides used for the chemical prevention and control are in accordance with the regulations of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276, the prevention and control period of the stem nematode: using high-shear seedlings and then using 10% phosphorus bromide granules according to 3000g/667m 2Furrow application or hole application; the prevention and treatment period of the virus diseases is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts removal; the preventing and controlling period of the sex moth is the full growth period, the preventing and controlling method is to adopt light to lure the sex moth, then adopt 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 120g/667m2 spray to kill the sex moth; the control period of the prodenia litura is a larval stage, the control method comprises trapping and killing by using a black light lamp and sugar-vinegar liquid and adopting 200g/L chlorantraniliprole SC13ml/667m2Adding water and spraying the water on the front and back surfaces of the leaf surface uniformly; the prevention and treatment period of the black spot is the whole growth period, the prevention and treatment method is to soak the potato blocks by 70 percent of thiophanate methyl WP2000 times or 80 percent of ethylicin EC2000 times, and the stem tips from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart can be picked 45 days after the planting.
Example 3:
a cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the environment conditions of a producing area, selecting soil with good fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep soil layer, porosity and ventilation and rich organic matters, selecting the variety of the leaf vegetable sweet potatoes to be planted, determining the quality of the variety, and then planting the sweet potatoes;
s2, selecting a seedbed, starting seedling cultivation after the seedling cultivation method is determined, simultaneously controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, performing topdressing on the seedbed, performing seedling quarantine, and cutting the potato seedlings at a position 6cm away from the ground when the potato seedlings grow to 28 cm;
S3, preparing soil, making furrows, loosening and compacting plough layers, leveling and finely crushing the ground surface, dredging drainage ditches, making furrow ditches, waist ditches and surrounding ditches, and then fertilizing again;
s4, determining the planting time, method and density, leveling the furrow after planting, and then pressing the ridge land;
s5, performing field management operation, checking seedlings and filling gaps, observing dead seedlings or missed planting within one week after planting, and timely filling the gaps; obviously different plants and diseased plants exist, the replanting is immediately pulled out, the weeds are manually pulled out in time, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are controlled;
s6, carrying out ridge division and vine arrangement, moving the potato vines on one side of the potato ridges to the other side, and combining every two potato vines in one groove, and airing the potato vines in one groove to improve the potato ridge heat collection condition and increase the day and night temperature difference;
s7, timely pinching after planting, picking off at noon in sunny days, timely trimming after each picking, reserving 3 knots at the base of the branch, reserving strong leaves, timely topdressing the next day after trimming, and after each picking, performing topdressing according to the ratio of 2kg/667m2Diluting urea with water, spraying fertilizer, spraying nutrients on the wound surface, wherein the nutrients comprise potassium carbonate and a small amount of phosphorus, and trimming 3 branches which grow vigorously with scissors;
s8, in the growth and expansion period of the sweet potato tuberous roots, in September, when cracks occur in the surface soil layer, crack fertilizer is applied in a pouring mode, the action is slow in the fertilizer pouring process, and after the fertilizer is applied, the crack openings are immediately sealed by fine surface soil to reduce fertilizer volatilization and moisture evaporation;
S9, pest control, wherein different pest control methods are adopted for different pests, and the main pests are as follows: the control method of the sphinx moth comprises the following steps: spray moth killing with 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 100g-150g/667m 2;
and S10, harvesting.
Step S2, selecting a field without diseases and water accumulation to make a seedbed; the seedling raising method comprises the following steps: the seed sowing is carried out by heating by an electric heating hotbed or solar radiation, connecting the seed sowing heads and the seeds, and covering the soil with the thickness of 3cm after the seeds are watered thoroughly.
In the step S2, high-temperature germination is adopted, the ground temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 37 ℃ for 3 days, then the ground temperature is reduced to 27 ℃ until the seedling aligning period, and the water holding capacity of the bed soil is kept at 75%; within 4 days before picking the seedlings, the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed are reduced to be consistent with those of the cultivation environment, and the seedbed is positioned at the underground position of 4 cm.
In step S2, the specific operations of top dressing are: the next day of seedling collection, 30g/m of pure nitrogen is applied every time2Fully sprinkling water after application; the seedling shearing operation specifically comprises the following steps: when the potato seedlings grow to 28cm, the seedlings are cut at the position 6cm away from the ground.
In step S3, the height of each furrow is 20cm, the width of each furrow is 100cm, the distance between each furrow is 38cm, and each 667m before land preparation2Fertilizing 25kg, wherein the fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer.
The planting time in the step S4 is from 4 to 8 last ten days of month; the planting and transplanting method comprises the following steps: 3 sections of seedlings are planted in the soil and 2 sections of seedlings are planted on the ground, and the seedlings are watered thoroughly after being planted; the planting density is as follows: 12000 plants were established every 667m 2.
The suitable growth temperature of the field management in the step S5 is 25 ℃, greenhouse production is adopted in winter, temperature is controlled in modes of sun shading, spray cooling and the like when the temperature is high in summer, frequent water replenishing is carried out by adopting the small water service irrigation measures, sprinkling irrigation is advocated, and the soil humidity is kept at 85%.
The pest and disease damage in the step S8 mainly comprises the following steps: stem nematode disease, virus disease, asparagus caterpillar, spodoptera littoralis, black spot.
The prevention and control period of the stem nematode disease is before planting, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps: high shear seeding is adopted, then 10% bromine phosphorus granules are adopted according to the ratio of 3000g/667m2Furrow application or hole application; the prevention and treatment period of the virus disease is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts removal; the preventing and controlling period of the Tian moth is the full growth period, the preventing and controlling method is to adopt light to lure the moth, and then adopt 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 150g/667m2 spray to kill the moth; the control period of the prodenia litura is a larval stage, the control method comprises the steps of adopting a black light lamp and sugar-vinegar liquid to trap and kill, adopting 200g/L chlorantraniliprole SC13ml/667m2, and adding water to be uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces; the prevention and treatment period of the black spot is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts 70 percent thiophanate methyl WP2000 times of soaking potato blocks or 80% ethylicin EC2000 times of soaking potato blocks.
The specific operations of harvesting in step S9 are: and picking the stem tips from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart by hand or cutting 43 days after planting.
In the invention, the registered sweet potato variety suitable for planting leaf vegetables is selected as the variety, the seed potato is required to meet the regulation of GB4406, the virus-free seed potato is required to meet the regulation of NY/T1200, then a disease-free and water-accumulation-free field is selected to manufacture a seedbed, an electric hotbed or solar radiation heating is adopted, and the seedling growing method is required to meet the requirement of DB 34/T185.1; picking, timely pinching after planting and surviving, picking at noon in fine day by picking at noon in fine day, enhancing photosynthesis at noon in fine day, increasing yield of sweet potatoes, timely trimming after each picking, keeping 3 knots at the base of branches, leaving strong leaves, facilitating leaf development, not easily picking up dry, thin and barren, timely topdressing the next day after trimming, and picking at 2kg/667m after each picking2The urea is diluted by water and sprayed for fertilization to be communicated with a wound surface, so that the yield can be further increased, then 3 branches which grow vigorously are trimmed by scissors, the nutrients can flow back, more nutrients are obtained, the yield is increased, the light transmittance can be improved, the photosynthesis is accelerated, vine lifting operation can be performed, root formation and breeding are prevented, the nutrients are dispersed, and the yield increasing effect is further achieved.
The main diseases comprise black spot, virus diseases and the like, the main insect pests comprise stem nematodes, hawkmoths, prodenia litura and the like, the prevention is mainly carried out, the comprehensive prevention and control are preferably carried out, agricultural prevention and control, biological prevention and control and physical prevention and control are preferably adopted, chemical prevention and control are reasonably used, wherein resistant varieties are selected for the agricultural prevention and control, 2-3-year rotation is carried out, deep ploughing and upturned soil drying are carried out, fine ploughing and fine farming are carried out, strong seedlings are cultivated, harmless organic fertilizers are added, chemical fertilizers are properly applied, fields and gardens are cleaned, pest sticking plates are adopted for physical prevention and control, artificial killing, frequency vibration lamp killing and the like are adopted for the biological prevention and control, natural enemies are used, biological agents are used, pesticides used for the chemical prevention and control are in accordance with the regulations of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276, the prevention and control period of the stem nematode: using high-shear seedlings and then using 10% phosphorus bromide granules according to 3000g/667m2Furrow application or hole application; the prevention and treatment period of the virus diseases is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts removal; the preventing and controlling period of the sex moth is the full growth period, the preventing and controlling method is to adopt light to lure the sex moth, then adopt the spraying of 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 150g/667m2 to kill the sex moth; the control period of the prodenia litura is a larval stage, the control method comprises trapping and killing by using a black light lamp and sugar-vinegar liquid and adopting 200g/L chlorantraniliprole SC13ml/667m 2Adding water and spraying the water on the front and back surfaces of the leaf surface uniformly; the prevention and treatment period of the black spot is the whole growth period, the prevention and treatment method is to soak the potato blocks by 70 percent of thiophanate methyl WP2000 times or 80 percent of ethylicin EC2000 times, and the stem tips from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart can be picked up 43 days after the planting.
Comparative example 1: the cultivation method is the same as that of example 1, except that: in the step S2, high-temperature germination is adopted, the ground temperature of the seedbed is maintained for 4 days at 35 ℃, then the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ until the seedling trimming period, and the water holding capacity of the bed soil is kept to be 85%; and (3) within 3 days before picking the seedlings, reducing the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed to be consistent with the cultivation environment, wherein the seedbed is positioned at the position 3cm underground.
Comparative example 2: the cultivation method is the same as that of example 2, except that:
the suitable growth temperature of the field management in the step S5 is 30 ℃, greenhouse production is adopted in winter, temperature is controlled in modes of sun shading, spray cooling and the like when the temperature is high in summer, frequent water replenishing is carried out by adopting the small water service irrigation measures, sprinkling irrigation is advocated, and the soil humidity is kept at 70%.
Comparative example 3: the cultivation method is the same as that of example 2, except that:
s7, timely pinching after planting, picking off at noon in sunny days, timely trimming after each picking, reserving 4 knots at the base of the branch, reserving strong leaves, timely topdressing the next day after trimming, and after each picking, performing topdressing according to the ratio of 2kg/667m 2Diluting urea with water, spraying fertilizer, spraying nutrients comprising potassium carbonate and a small amount of phosphorus on the wound surface, and trimming 4 branches with scissors.
Cultivation method Survival rate of rice seedling Yield (kg/m)2) Increase of yield Mortality of plant diseases and insect pests
Tradition of 92.2％ 39873 5.6％
Example 1 98.7％ 52640 32％ 1.2％
Example 2 99.6％ 58300 49％ 0.3％
Example 3 99.0％ 56420 41％ 0.8％
Comparative example 1 96.0％ 52085 28％ 1.1％
Comparative example 2 99.4％ 55430 30％ 0.5％
Comparative example 3 99.1％ 54326 31％ 1.0％
According to the invention, the survival rate of the seedlings is obviously improved, the yield of the seedlings is increased, the death rate of diseases and insect pests is obviously reduced, and the effect is most obvious in example 2.
Example 4:
a cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the environment conditions of a producing area, selecting soil with good fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep soil layer, porosity and ventilation and rich organic matters, selecting the variety of the leaf vegetable sweet potatoes to be planted, determining the quality of the variety, and then planting the sweet potatoes;
s2, selecting a seedbed, starting seedling cultivation after the seedling cultivation method is determined, simultaneously controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, performing topdressing on the seedbed, performing seedling quarantine, and cutting the potato seedlings 5-7 cm away from the ground when the potato seedlings grow to 25-30 cm;
s3, preparing soil, making furrows, loosening and compacting plough layers, leveling and finely crushing the ground surface, dredging drainage ditches, making furrow ditches, waist ditches and surrounding ditches, and then fertilizing again;
S4, determining the planting time, method and density, leveling the furrow after planting, and then pressing the ridge land;
s5, performing field management operation, checking seedlings and filling gaps, observing dead seedlings or missed planting within one week after planting, and timely filling the gaps; obviously different plants and diseased plants exist, the replanting is immediately pulled out, the weeds are manually pulled out in time, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are controlled;
s6, carrying out ridge division and vine arrangement, moving the potato vines on one side of the potato ridges to the other side, and combining every two potato vines in one groove, and airing the potato vines in one groove to improve the potato ridge heat collection condition and increase the day and night temperature difference;
s7, timely pinching after planting to live, picking off at noon in sunny days in pinching operation, timely trimming after each picking, reserving 2-3 internodes of branch bases, reserving strong leaves, timely topdressing the next day after trimming, diluting urea according to 2kg/667m2 after each picking, spraying fertilizer, spraying nutrients at wound surfaces, wherein the nutrients comprise potassium carbonate and a small amount of phosphorus, and trimming 2-3 branches which grow vigorously by using a shear;
s8, during the growth and expansion period of the tuberous roots of the sweet potatoes, in October and September, when cracks appear in the surface soil layer, crack fertilizer is applied in a pouring mode, the action is slow in fertilizer application, and after fertilizer application, the crack openings are sealed by fine surface soil immediately to reduce fertilizer volatilization and water evaporation;
S9, pest control, wherein different pest control methods are adopted for different pests, and the main pests are as follows: the control method of the sphinx moth comprises the following steps: spray moth killing with 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 100g-150g/667m2 or spray moth killing with 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis and multi-bacteriocin combination agent, the dosages of the two are 75g/667m respectively2And 0.5g/667m2；
And S10, harvesting.
The main diseases comprise black spot, virus diseases and the like, the main pests comprise stem nematodes, hawkmoths, prodenia litura and the like, the prevention is mainly carried out, the comprehensive prevention and control are carried out, the prevention and control period of the stem nematode diseases is before planting, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps: using high-shear seedlings and then using 10% phosphorus bromide granules according to 3000g/667m2Furrow or hole application(ii) a The prevention and treatment period of the virus diseases is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts removal; the control method comprises the steps of luring moth by using light, and then carrying out spray moth killing by using 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 150g/667m2 or 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad combined medicaments, wherein the dosages of the two medicaments are 75g/667m2And 0.5g/667m2. The control period of the prodenia litura is a larval stage, the control method comprises trapping and killing by using a black light lamp and sugar-vinegar liquid and adopting 200g/L chlorantraniliprole SC13ml/667m 2Adding water and spraying the mixture on the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces; the prevention and treatment period of the black spot is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method is to soak potato blocks by 70 percent of thiophanate methyl WP2000 times or soak potato blocks by 80 percent of ethylicin EC2000 times.
The main pest chemical prevention method for the leaf vegetables and the sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002579345150000201
Figure BDA0002579345150000211
firstly, potassium carbonate and phosphorus have alkalinity, so the sprayed nutrient can heal the wound surface more quickly to play a role in increasing the yield, and meanwhile, when diseases and insect pests occur, the alkaline nutrient can react with bacillus thuringiensis, so that the alkalinity in the bodies of the diseases and insect pests is increased, the diseases and insect pests die quickly, the effect of killing the insects is enhanced, and the yield is further increased.
Example 5 field control of the pharmaceutical composition against the major insect pests Gecko moth
The control object is: tiantianmoth of sweet potato
The control method comprises the following steps: cell area 40m 2; each treatment was repeated three times. Spraying, counting the reduction rate of insect population 3 days and 7 days after the pesticide application, and calculating the control effect.
Figure BDA0002579345150000212
Figure BDA0002579345150000221
As can be seen from the above table, the preferred agent for preventing and treating the hawkmoth is 100g-150g/667m of Bacillus thuringiensis with 16000IU/mg2Spraying to kill moth; or (16000IU/mg Bacillus thuringiensis) and spinosyn combination (75+0.5) g/667m2Spraying to kill moth.
In the invention, the requirement on the cultivation condition is not high; high leaf yield and long growth period; heat-resisting and solving the 'vegetable shortage' in midsummer; disease resistance and little insect, and is a green organic food without public nuisance; the economic benefit is good, sufficient raw materials are provided for the development of the processing industry of the stem tip of the sweet potato, the high-quality cultivation is the basic guarantee of the commercialization of the leaf vegetable sweet potato, the high-quality production capacity and the economic benefit of the leaf vegetable sweet potato can be greatly improved, and the yield can be greatly improved by adopting a good variety and a scientific cultivation technology; the good field management can ensure the quality of the leaf vegetables, thereby effectively improving the economic benefit of the sweet potatoes for the leaf vegetables, and the method has reliable technology, convenient operation and easy implementation.
The economic benefit of the sweet potatoes for the leaf vegetables is influenced by comprehensive factors such as cultivation modes, climatic conditions, production management levels and the like, the difference is large, the growth speed is high in 7-9 months in high-temperature rainy seasons, the sweet potatoes can be picked for 1 time in 7-10 days, and the high yield can be obtained by supplementing rich water in time after picking.
In the invention, the soil with good fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep soil layer, loosening and ventilation and rich organic matters is selected; the registered sweet potato variety suitable for planting leaf vegetables is selected as the variety, the seed potato is required to meet the regulation of GB4406, the virus-free seed potato is required to meet the regulation of NY/T1200, then a disease-free and water-accumulation-free field block is selected to manufacture a seedbed, an electric heating hotbed or solar radiation heating is adopted, the seedling method is required to meet the requirement of DB34/T185.1, the seed arrangement is connected end to end, the soil is covered by 3cm in thickness after water is thoroughly irrigated, high-temperature germination acceleration is adopted for early spring seedling culture, the ground temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 37 ℃ for 3 days, then the temperature is reduced to 27 ℃ until the seedling stage is completed, and the water holding capacity of bed; within 4 days before seedling picking, the temperature and humidity of the seedbed are reduced to be consistent with the cultivation environment, and the pure nitrogen is applied for 30g/m every time the next day of seedling picking2Spraying water after application, and performing seedling culture according to GB7413Quarantine, when potato seedlings grow to 28cm, cutting the seedlings at a position 6cm away from the ground, preparing soil and making furrows, wherein the upper part of a plough layer is required to be loose and solid, the ground surface is flat and fine, a drainage ditch is dredged, and a furrow ditch, a waist ditch and a surrounding ditch are opened; the height of the ridge is 20cm, the width of the ridge is 100cm, the distance between the ridges is 38cm, and the fertilizer application are in accordance with the NY/T496.
The standard planting is adopted, so that the picking period is prolonged, the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, the commodity rate is improved, the land output value is increased, the industrialized development drives farmers to lose poverty and become rich, and the soil fertility is improved to protect the agricultural ecology; the method has the advantages that a refined and efficient facility cultivation mode and a scientific management technology are adopted, the land is reasonably used, the pest control is safe and harmless, chemical pesticides are avoided as much as possible, so that secondary pollution and harm are avoided, the death rate of the pest is greatly reduced, the pressure of agricultural ecological deterioration is reduced, the agriculture has a larger sustainable development space, the pollution is reduced, and the natural ecological environment is optimized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the environment conditions of a producing area, selecting soil with good fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep soil layer, looseness and ventilation and rich organic matters, then selecting the variety of the leaf vegetable sweet potatoes to be planted, determining the quality of the variety, and then planting the sweet potatoes;
S2, selecting a seedbed, starting seedling cultivation after the seedling cultivation method is determined, simultaneously controlling the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed, performing additional fertilizer on the seedbed, performing seed quarantine, and cutting the potato seedlings at a position 5-7 cm away from the ground when the potato seedlings grow to 25-30 cm;
s3, preparing soil, making furrows, loosening and compacting plough layers, leveling and finely crushing the ground surface, dredging drainage ditches, making furrow ditches, waist ditches and surrounding ditches, and then fertilizing again;
s4, determining the planting time, method and density, leveling the furrow after planting, and then pressing the ridge land;
s5, performing field management operation, checking seedlings and filling gaps, observing dead seedlings or missed planting within one week after planting, and timely filling the gaps; obviously different plants and diseased plants exist, the replanting is immediately removed, the weeds are manually removed in time, and meanwhile, the temperature and the humidity are controlled;
s6, carrying out ridge division and vine arrangement, moving the potato vines on one side of the potato ridges to the other side, and combining every two potato vines in one groove, and airing the potato vines in one groove to improve the potato ridge heat collection condition and increase the day and night temperature difference;
s7, timely pinching after planting, picking off at noon in sunny days, timely trimming after each picking, reserving 2-3 internodes at the base of the branch, reserving strong leaves, timely topdressing the next day after trimming, and performing topdressing at 2kg/667m after each picking2Diluting urea with water, spraying fertilizer, spraying nutrients on the wound surface, wherein the nutrients comprise potassium carbonate and a small amount of phosphorus, and trimming 2-3 branches with scissors;
S8, during the growth and expansion period of the tuberous roots of the sweet potatoes, in October and September, when cracks appear in the surface soil layer, crack fertilizer is applied in a pouring mode, the action is slow in the fertilizer pouring process, and after the fertilizer is applied, the crack openings are immediately sealed by fine surface soil to reduce fertilizer volatilization and moisture evaporation;
s9, pest control, wherein different pest control methods are adopted for different pests, and the main pests are as follows: the control method of the sphinx moth comprises the following steps: spray moth killing with 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis 100g-150g/667m2 or spray moth killing with 16000IU/mg bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad combination agent, wherein the dosages of the two are 75g/667m respectively2And 0.5g/667m2；
And S10, harvesting.
2. The method for cultivating edible potato leaves in northern potato areas according to claim 1, wherein disease-free and waterless fields are selected in step S2 to make seedbeds; the seedling raising method comprises the following steps: the seed sowing is heated by adopting an electric heating hotbed or solar radiation, the head and the tail of the seed sowing are connected, and the thickness of the covering soil is 3cm after the seed sowing is thoroughly watered.
3. The method for cultivating edible potato leaves in northern potato areas according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, high-temperature germination is adopted, the temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 35-38 ℃ for 3 days, then the temperature is reduced to 25-28 ℃ until seedling alignment, and the water holding capacity of the bed soil is kept at 70-80%; and (3) within 3-5 days before picking the seedlings, reducing the temperature and the humidity of the seedbed to be consistent with the cultivation environment, wherein the seedbed is positioned at the position of 3-5 cm underground.
4. The method for cultivating edible potato leaves in northern potato areas according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the specific operations of top dressing are as follows: the next day of seedling collection, 30g/m of pure nitrogen is applied every time2Fully sprinkling water after application; the seedling shearing operation specifically comprises the following steps: when the potato seedlings grow to 25cm-30cm, cutting the potato seedlings at a position 5cm-7cm away from the ground.
5. The method for cultivating edible potato leaves in northern potato areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the ridges are 20cm high, the ridge width is 100cm, the ridge spacing is 35cm-40cm, and each 667m before soil preparation220kg-30kg of fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer.
6. The method for cultivating edible potato leaves in northern potato areas according to claim 1, wherein the planting time in step S4 is 4 to 8 days; the planting and transplanting method comprises the following steps: 2-3 sections of seedlings are planted in the soil and 2 sections of seedlings are planted on the ground, and the seedlings are watered thoroughly; the planting density is as follows: each 667m211500-12500 colonizations.
7. The method for cultivating edible potato leaves in northern potato areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, the suitable growth temperature for field management is 18-30 ℃, greenhouse production is adopted in winter, temperature is controlled in modes of sun shading, spray cooling and the like at high temperature in summer, frequent water replenishing is carried out by adopting the measures of small water service watering, sprinkling irrigation is advocated, and the soil humidity is kept at 80-90%.
8. The method for cultivating edible potato leaves in northern potato areas according to claim 1, wherein the pest and disease damage in step S9 mainly comprises: stem nematode disease, virus disease, prodenia litura, black spot.
9. The method for cultivating edible potato leaves in northern potato areas according to claim 8, wherein the period of controlling the stem nematode disease is before planting, and the method for controlling the stem nematode disease comprises the following steps: adopting high-shear seeding, then adopting 10% bromine phosphorus granules according to 2000g-3000g/667m2Furrow application or hole application; the prevention and treatment period of the virus diseases is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method adopts removal; the control method comprises trapping and killing Spodoptera litura with black light lamp and sugar-vinegar solution, and using 200g/L chlorantraniliprole SC7ml-13ml/667m2Adding water and spraying the mixture on the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces; the prevention and treatment period of the black spot is the whole growth period, and the prevention and treatment method is to soak the potato blocks by adopting 70 percent of thiophanate methyl WP1600 times to 2000 times or 80 percent of ethylicin EC2000 times.
10. The method for cultivating edible potato leaves in northern potato areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harvesting in step S9 comprises the following steps: picking the stem tips from two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart by hand or cutting 40 to 45 days after planting.
CN202010667278.XA 2020-07-10 2020-07-10 Cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato area Pending CN111837851A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010667278.XA CN111837851A (en) 2020-07-10 2020-07-10 Cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato area

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010667278.XA CN111837851A (en) 2020-07-10 2020-07-10 Cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato area

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111837851A true CN111837851A (en) 2020-10-30

Family

ID=72984456

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010667278.XA Pending CN111837851A (en) 2020-07-10 2020-07-10 Cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato area

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111837851A (en)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1418525A (en) * 2002-12-24 2003-05-21 黄立海 Method for three-dimensional interplanting of sweet potato together with chaenomeles fruit plants
CN102498844A (en) * 2011-10-14 2012-06-20 徐自强 High-yield sweet potato cultivation method
CN103891503A (en) * 2014-03-17 2014-07-02 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 Method for cultivating leaf sweet potatoes in greenhouse of north
CN107821050A (en) * 2017-11-24 2018-03-23 藤县福进大红八角种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of sweet potato leaves
CN107896872A (en) * 2017-11-24 2018-04-13 藤县福进大红八角种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of high yield sweet potato leaves
CN108029483A (en) * 2017-12-04 2018-05-15 海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 One kind eats sweet potato and its cultural method raw
CN109197460A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-15 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 A kind of north potato area flat land fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method
CN110622794A (en) * 2019-10-18 2019-12-31 蔡正辉 High-yield cultivation method for sweet potato tips

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1418525A (en) * 2002-12-24 2003-05-21 黄立海 Method for three-dimensional interplanting of sweet potato together with chaenomeles fruit plants
CN102498844A (en) * 2011-10-14 2012-06-20 徐自强 High-yield sweet potato cultivation method
CN103891503A (en) * 2014-03-17 2014-07-02 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 Method for cultivating leaf sweet potatoes in greenhouse of north
CN107821050A (en) * 2017-11-24 2018-03-23 藤县福进大红八角种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of sweet potato leaves
CN107896872A (en) * 2017-11-24 2018-04-13 藤县福进大红八角种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of high yield sweet potato leaves
CN108029483A (en) * 2017-12-04 2018-05-15 海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 One kind eats sweet potato and its cultural method raw
CN109197460A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-15 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 A kind of north potato area flat land fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method
CN110622794A (en) * 2019-10-18 2019-12-31 蔡正辉 High-yield cultivation method for sweet potato tips

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
张爱华: "一种含多杀霉素和苏云金杆菌的杀虫剂组合物及其应用", 《现代农业科技》 *
张玉聚等: "《新型农药安全妙用》", 30 June 2011, 中原农民出版社 *
张超凡等: "《甘薯马铃薯高产栽培新技术》", 31 January 2015, 湖南科学技术出版社 *
张金榜: "脱毒红薯优质高产轻简化栽培技术", 《现代农业科技》 *
杨国红等: "《一本书明白甘薯高产与防灾减灾技术》", 31 May 2016, 中原农民出版社 *
王罗春等: "《农村农药污染及防治》", 31 January 2019, 冶金工业出版社 *
马慧慧等: "阜芝1号、2号选育与栽培", 《园艺与种苗》 *

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN102246645B (en) High-yield culture technology for southern potatoes planted in autumn
CN104381064A (en) Paddy rice planting method
CN106416888A (en) Planting method for organic tea intercropping
CN102986437A (en) Method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli artificially
CN102132655A (en) Planting method of radix clematidis
CN105027868A (en) One-year-two-harvest cultivation efficient planting method for fresh-eating corns and fresh-eating sweet potatoes in districts along Huai River
CN103503688A (en) Artificial cultivation method for traditional Chinese medicine himalayan teasel root
CN113099994A (en) Early-sowing potato planting system and method for planting early-sowing potatoes by using same
CN105309158A (en) Potato planting method
CN106416887A (en) Organic tea planting method
CN105794584A (en) Potted fruit tree, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum three-crop interplanting method in greenhouse planting
CN101999285A (en) Method for cultivating gingers completely covered by rice straws and wheat straws
CN105027912A (en) Cultivation method for interplanting officinal cape jasmines and radix isatidis
CN105393736A (en) Planting method for semen cassia
CN108184529A (en) It is a kind of to improve dish mulberry tree burgeen yield and the cultural method of quality
AU2021105924A4 (en) Method for managing organic sugar beet farming system
CN109757274B (en) High-yield and high-efficiency transplanting method for momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings
CN113243260A (en) Cultivation method for mixed culture of purple perilla and konjak
CN110622794A (en) High-yield cultivation method for sweet potato tips
CN111903414A (en) Method for artificially breeding wild Machilus kwangtungensis into landscaping tree species
CN111837851A (en) Cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato area
CN109429934A (en) A kind of Siraitia grosvenorii and early-maturing Maodou interplanting method
RU2775406C1 (en) Method for rice cultivation with surface drip irrigation under mulching film on rice irrigation systems
CN115589914B (en) Mountain summer sowing potato cultivation method
CN113519353B (en) Yangxin lake wormwood-green manure rotation method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination