CN109429934A - A kind of Siraitia grosvenorii and early-maturing Maodou interplanting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the interplanting method of a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii and early-maturing Maodou, step includes: that the selection of (1) planting site, (2) site preparation make bed, (3) sowing field planting, (4) seedling management, (5) breeding period administration, (6) reproduction convert period management, (7) fruiting period management, (7) fruiting period management and harvesting, (8) plant disease management, (9) Siraitia grosvenorii are continuously planted.The present invention is according to the growth characteristics of Siraitia grosvenorii growth characteristics and early-maturing Maodou, in conjunction with management method, take reasonable cropping pattern, in conjunction with growth period land use and liquid manure demand, increase land utilization ratio and production capacity, while weeds can be prevented, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, it reduces chemical fertilizer to use, increases soil beneficial bacterium.

Description

A kind of Siraitia grosvenorii and early-maturing Maodou interplanting method

Technical field

The invention belongs to industrial crops field of planting, and in particular to a kind of method of Siraitia grosvenorii and early-maturing Maodou interplanting.

Background technique

Siraitia grosvenorii is the medicinal material of first batch of national dietotherapeutic, and primary efficacy is relieving cough and reducing sputum.Wherein in fruit mainly at Divide sweet tea glycosides V, sugariness is more than 300 times of sucrose, is the acceptable natural empty calory generation sugar of people.Siraitia grosvenorii is Curcurbitaceae many years The fruit of raw liana.The plant strain growth of green peel Siraitia grosvenorii is healthy and strong, and leaf triangle is sudden cardiac, and blade tip is tapering, and phyllopodium half is opened, leaf It is 11.0-15.5 centimetres of length of a film, 10.0-13.5 centimetres wide.Flower yellow, the month at florescence 6-10, fruit is rounded or oval, the close quilt in fruit face Fine and soft hair.

Early-maturing Maodou is called Fresh edible soybean, is the vegetable Fresh edible soybean of special tender pod in soybean crops.Green soy bean is exactly new The soya bean of fresh even pod, main feature show as kipeming high yield, high-quality, and the time of infertility of sowing in spring is 80-90 days, the month at florescence 4-5, fruiting period The 5-6 month.Green soy bean is annual herb, 30-90 centimetres high.

The existing very long plantation history of Siraitia grosvenorii, but the frame currently used for cultivating Siraitia grosvenorii, usually with iron wire etc. Material scaffolding, material cost are high.100-120 plants/acre of planting density, planting density is low, and land utilization ratio is low.Simultaneously because arhat Fruit seedling stage fertilizer application amount, land cover pattern object are few, lead to weedy, weeding high labor cost.

The two is interplanted in conjunction with management method according to the growth characteristics of Siraitia grosvenorii growth characteristics and early-maturing Maodou Method has not been reported.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii and early-maturing Maodou interplanting method, Siraitia grosvenorii needs a large amount of in fruiting period Nutrition is interplanted with green soy bean, and after green soy bean harvesting, fixed nitrogen and green soy bean plant can provide nutrition for Siraitia grosvenorii fruiting period.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A kind of interplanting method of Siraitia grosvenorii and early-maturing Maodou, comprising the following steps:

(1) planting site selects: selection field, hilly ground or mountainous region；

(2) site preparation makees bed: method of soil preparation are as follows: ground after applying quick lime per acre, is ploughed deeply 20-30 centimetres by spring；

Do bed process are as follows: application of organic fertilizers or 800-1000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure and granulated boric fertilizer per acre before making bed It 1 kilogram, turns over uniformly, then makees bed in accordance with the following methods:

A, field: every 1.5-2.0 meters, opening wide 10-15 centimetres, deep 28-32 centimetres of gutter, form 1.5-2.0 meters of width, high 28-32 centimetres of implant bed, and the Siraitia grosvenorii plantation heap of high 10-15 centimetres, 20-30 centimetres of diameter is played on implant bed, and Mulch is covered on plantation heap；

B, hilly ground: opening 10-15 centimetres wide, deep 28-32 centimetres of gutter in hilly ground side, and by the row between every layer of terraced fields Ditch communicates, and forms the side implant bed that can drain or irrigate, and rise on implant bed it is 10-15 centimetres high, 20-30 centimetres of diameter Siraitia grosvenorii plant heap, and plantation heap on cover mulch；

C, mountainous region: Siraitia grosvenorii plantation heap is directly played in mountainous region, 2-2.5 meters of heap spacing of plantation is 40-60 centimetres of diameter, 15-20 lis high Rice, and mulch is covered on plantation heap；

(3) sowing field planting:

A, early-maturing Maodou is sowed: be broadcast live in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March, dressed seed with nitragin, two adjacent Siraitia grosvenoriis plantation heaps it Between wool opening beans kind plant hole, 15-20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, depth of planting be 3-5 centimetres, every cave 2-4；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii is colonized: in the first tenday period of a month in late March to April, being pushed the mulch among Siraitia grosvenorii plantation heap aside, is dug out Siraitia grosvenorii kind Luohanguo With Plantlets of Tissue Culture is put into Siraitia grosvenorii kind plant hole by plant hole, field planting；

(4) seedling management:

A, early-maturing Maodou seedling management: in the first tenday period of a month in late March to April, when green soy bean is 6-7 centimetres high, each kind of plant hole retains one plant Healthy seedling；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii seedling management: the first tenday period of a month in late March to April pour in time after Siraitia grosvenorii field planting and apply root water, after field planting, often Every 5-7 days, foliage-spray low concentration organic water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid or xanthohumic acid kind fertilizer removed lateral bud, kept terminal bud advantage；

(5) breeding period administration:

A1, green soy bean breeding period administration: the first tenday period of a month in April, after green soy bean emergence is neat, at 5-10 centimetres of plant of soil, Every plant imposes the ternary compound fertilizer of 10-15 grams of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium, and covers；

A2, green soy bean branch period management: green soy bean can yield positive results for 30-40 days after emergence, in the middle ten days and the last ten days in April, tillage and weeding Afterwards, 150-250 grams of ternary compound fertilizer is imposed for every plant, covering sprinkles profoundly water；

B1, Siraitia grosvenorii breeding period administration: mid-April, in Siraitia grosvenorii height of seedling 70-80 centimeters, carry out it is secondary for the first time remove terminal bud, and Timely lateral bud of erasing stays a lateral bud close to top to go again as 10 centimeters under main stem continued growth to Siraitia grosvenorii canopy Terminal bud simultaneously stays a lateral bud close to top in main stem continued growth to canopy；

B2, Siraitia grosvenorii breeding time water and fertilizer management: late May to mid-June, after Siraitia grosvenorii removes terminal bud for the first time, every plant imposes three 20-30 grams of component composite fertilizer, buriing, after upper canopy, every spacing in the rows is from 20 centimetres of main root or so, 3-5 kilograms of organic fertilizer of open semicircle shape ditch, Earthing；

(6) reproduction converts period management:

A, early-maturing Maodou beanpod period management: May, early and middle ten days imposed 95-105 kilograms of organic fertilizer, ternary is multiple to the first tenday period of a month in June per acre 95-105 kilograms of Hefei imposes apart from root system 8-12 centimeters, and removes major branch terminal bud after full-bloom stage；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii converts period management: June early and middle ten days, on Siraitia grosvenorii after canopy, every plant is stayed 3-4 level-one climing, and every level-one is climing again 3-4 fruit setting of reservation is climing, which bud occurs；

(7) fruiting period management and harvesting:

A, green soy bean beanpod phase and harvesting period management: mid-June starts to be harvested, which is to guarantee full-bloom stage and later period fruit It expands in fact and guarantees that beanpod is full, which need to spray blade face boron fertilizer, and spraying method is that 50-120ml liquid boron fertilizer is watered spray per acre Apply blade；Beanpod picking is completed before by the end of June, after picking, green soy bean plant is pulled up or is pasted ground and is sliced off, field is laid in；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii management and harvesting:

B1, water drenching moisturizing: Siraitia grosvenorii need to keep 60%~80% field capacity, continuous high temperature arid, the dusk sun such as occur When setting, to the water spray moisturizing cooling of canopy face；

B2, fruit thinning: dredging to prevent or cure a disease after wormed fruit, malformed fruit, dehiscent fruit and point are spent one month in time does not have the fruit to grow up rapidly；

B3, pollination: plant enter full-bloom stage open daily 10 spend above when pollinate in time, when single plant reaches 140-150 fruit Son can stop pollinating；

B4, Siraitia grosvenorii harvesting: 90 days after pollination, carpopodium turns yellow, and pericarp turns Huang and starts to harvest；

(8) plant disease management: plant disease management is carried out according to art methods；

(9) Siraitia grosvenorii is continuously planted；

After Siraitia grosvenorii harvesting, Siraitia grosvenorii rattan is cut, after making the withered drying of Momordica grosvenori plant, is struck the tendril of frame with bamboo pole Fall, behind diversion soaked field, discharge water dry field, limes to plough deeply and pass the winter, and in spring next year, repeats step (2)-(8).

In step (2), if meeting the rainy day when site preparation, dry field 3 days or more after the rain.

In step (4), the root water of the Siraitia grosvenorii seedling management is made of water-soluble organic fertilizer, root-growing agent and fungicide.

In step (7), the green soy bean beanpod phase and harvesting period management if yellow leaf fertilizer deficiency occurs in plant are spraying leaf At least 150-200 grams/plant of ternary compound fertilizer is imposed after the boron fertilizer of face in time.

In step (9), when Siraitia grosvenorii next year continuously plants, it will be transformed into implant bed at former gutter, and at original seed plant bed It transform gutter as.

Green soy bean of the present invention is early-maturing Maodou kind, and the time of infertility is 80-90 days.Siraitia grosvenorii selects green peel Siraitia grosvenorii, Varietal adaptation is strong, and yield is high, and vegetative growth phase 70-80 days, transition phase 20-30 days, fruiting period continued about 150 days.

The invention adopts the above technical scheme, according to the growth characteristics of Siraitia grosvenorii growth characteristics and early-maturing Maodou, in conjunction with pipe Reason method takes reasonable cropping pattern, in conjunction with growth period land use and liquid manure demand, increases land utilization ratio and production capacity, It can prevent weeds simultaneously, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce chemical fertilizer and use, increase soil beneficial bacterium.

Interplanting method performance analysis of the present invention: (1) Siraitia grosvenorii is taken in: this method plants Siraitia grosvenorii, every per mu yield fruit 1.2-1.5 Ten thousand, be averaged 0.5 yuan/, per acre ten thousand yuan of benefit 0.6-0.75.(2) green soy bean is taken in: 400-500 kilograms, 2.0 yuan of average unit price/ Kilogram, ten thousand yuan of income 0.08-0.1 per acre, while it is artificial to reduce fertilizer amount, Pesticide use and weeding.

Specific embodiment

A kind of interplanting method of Siraitia grosvenorii and early-maturing Maodou, step include: that (1) planting site selects, (2) site preparation does bed, (3) Sow field planting, (4) seedling management, (5) breeding period administration, (6) reproduction conversion period management, (7) fruiting period management and harvesting, (8) disease Evil management, (9) Siraitia grosvenorii are continuously planted, specific as follows:

(1) planting site selects: selecting convenient water source, organic matter field abundant, hilly ground or mountainous region.

(2) site preparation makees bed: method of soil preparation are as follows: is gone up using spring temperature, solar irradiation is stronger, applies quick lime per acre Afterwards, ground is ploughed deeply 20-30 centimetres, smashes big soil block, remove bulk rubble；If meeting the rainy day, dry field 3 days or more after the rain；

Do bed process are as follows: application of organic fertilizers or 800-1000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure and granulated boric fertilizer per acre before making bed It 1 kilogram, turns over uniformly, then makees bed in accordance with the following methods:

A, field: every 1.5-2.0 meters, opening wide 10-15 centimetres, deep 28-32 centimetres of gutter, form 1.5-2.0 meters of width, high 28-32 centimetres of implant bed (also referred to as doing furrow), and play on implant bed the Siraitia grosvenorii of high 10-15 centimetres, 20-30 centimetres of diameter Heap is planted, and covers mulch on plantation heap；

B, hilly ground: opening 10-15 centimetres wide, deep 28-32 centimetres of gutter in hilly ground side, and by the row between every layer of terraced fields Ditch communicates, and forms the side implant bed that can drain or irrigate, and rise on implant bed it is 10-15 centimetres high, 20-30 centimetres of diameter Siraitia grosvenorii plant heap, and plantation heap on cover mulch；

C, mountainous region: Siraitia grosvenorii plantation heap is directly played in mountainous region, 2-2.5 meters of heap spacing of plantation is 40-60 centimetres of diameter, 15-20 lis high Rice, and mulch is covered on plantation heap (mountainous region is not required to do implant bed, directly plays plantation heap).

(3) sowing field planting:

A, early-maturing Maodou is sowed: being broadcast live (seed is directly sowed, without vernalization and nursery) in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March, is used root nodule Microbial inoculum seed dressing, the wool opening beans kind plant hole between two adjacent Siraitia grosvenorii plantation heaps, 15-20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, depth of planting is 3-5 lis Rice, every cave 2-4, it is consistent to open acupoint depth, and discovery lacks, reseeds in time, and build simply on kind of plant hole or entire implant bed Small plastic shed simultaneously covers film, and frost occurs in prevention and treatment cold spell in later spring；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii is colonized: in the first tenday period of a month in late March to April, being pushed the mulch of Siraitia grosvenorii plantation heap aside, is dug out Siraitia grosvenorii plantation Cave, will have at least 2-3 piece functional leaf, high 5 centimeters or more, the Luohanguo With Plantlets of Tissue Culture of well developed root system be put into Siraitia grosvenorii kind plant hole, Field planting.

(4) seedling management:

A, early-maturing Maodou seedling management: in the first tenday period of a month in late March to April, when green soy bean is 6-7 centimetres high, each kind of plant hole retains one plant Healthy seedling (if there is extra seedling, for filling the gaps with seedlings or directly removing), if any being short of seedling, extremely by transplantation of seedlings extra in other kinds of plant holes This kind of plant hole；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii seedling management: the first tenday period of a month in late March to April need to pour in time after Siraitia grosvenorii field planting and apply root water, described fixed Root water is made of water-soluble organic fertilizer, root-growing agent and fungicide；After field planting, every 5-7 days, foliage-spray low concentration organic water-soluble Fertilizer, humic acid, xanthohumic acid kind fertilizer remove lateral bud, keep terminal bud advantage.

(5) breeding period administration: the period green soy bean is in branching stage and flowering fruit bearing stage, and Siraitia grosvenorii, which is in, contains vegetative growth phase, should The period a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizer of Siraitia grosvenorii demand, phosphorus potash fertilizer demand is less, and a large amount of phosphorus potash fertilizers of green soy bean demand, and fertilizer utilization is complementary, is convenient for Fertilising and management；

A1, green soy bean breeding period administration: the first tenday period of a month in April, after green soy bean emergence is neat, at 5-10 centimetres of plant of soil, often Strain imposes the ternary compound fertilizer of 10-15 grams of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium, and covers；

A2, green soy bean branch period management: green soy bean can yield positive results for 30-40 days after emergence, in the middle ten days and the last ten days in April, tillage and weeding, Bean seedlings nearby based on extracting, suitably deepen, and increases soil permeability by intertillage depth, promotes soil microbial activity, accelerates to have Machine object decomposes, and improves the nitrogen fixing capacity of rhizobium, highly beneficial to root growth and nurturing staff, after tillage and weeding, every plant is chased after 150-250 grams of ternary compound fertilizer is applied, covering sprinkles profoundly water；

B1, Siraitia grosvenorii breeding period administration: mid-April, in Siraitia grosvenorii height of seedling 70-80 centimeters, carry out it is secondary for the first time remove terminal bud, and Timely lateral bud of erasing stays a lateral bud close to top to go again as 10 centimeters under main stem continued growth to Siraitia grosvenorii canopy Terminal bud simultaneously stays a lateral bud close to top in main stem continued growth to canopy；

B2, Siraitia grosvenorii breeding time water and fertilizer management: late May to mid-June, after Siraitia grosvenorii removes terminal bud for the first time, every plant imposes three 20-30 grams of component composite fertilizer, buriing, after upper canopy, every spacing in the rows is from 20 centimetres of main root or so, 3-5 kilograms of organic fertilizer of open semicircle shape ditch, Earthing.

(6) reproduction converts period management: the first tenday period of a month in May to the middle ten days, and the early-maturing Maodou beanpod phase is Siraitia grosvenorii not upper canopy period, is Siraitia grosvenorii fast-growth period, two kinds of crops have a large amount of liquid manure demand:

A, early-maturing Maodou beanpod period management: May early and middle ten days to the first tenday period of a month in June, topdressing amount will flexibly be slapped according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings and soil fertility It holds, imposes 95-105 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre, 95-105 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer, imposed apart from 10 centimetres of root system or so, and Remove major branch terminal bud after full-bloom stage, promotees high yield；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii converts period management: June early and middle ten days, on Siraitia grosvenorii after canopy, every plant is stayed 3-4 level-one climing, and every level-one is climing again 3-4 fruit setting of reservation is climing, which bud occurs.

(7) fruiting period management and harvesting: the middle ten days and the last ten days in June is green soy bean beanpod phase and picking time.And Siraitia grosvenorii is transition phase, it should Period, two kinds of crops all a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer of demand, expanded for green soy bean beanpod and nutrition conversion and the reproduction of Siraitia grosvenorii conversion.

A, the green soy bean beanpod phase and harvesting period management: mid-June starts to be harvested, the period be guarantee full-bloom stage and Later period Fruit guarantees that beanpod is full, which need to spray blade face boron fertilizer, and spraying method is 50-120ml liquid boron fertilizer per acre It is watered and sprays blade, and applied fertilizer according to Plant state, if yellow leaf fertilizer deficiency occurs in the period plant, need to impose in time At least 150-200 grams of every plant of ternary compound fertilizer；If robust plant is dark green luxuriant, no longer need to impose ternary compound fertilizer.

Beanpod plumpness, which reaches eight or nine points, to pick, and the collecting period is shorter, and about 5-10 days.Beanpod is completed before by the end of June to adopt It plucks.After harvesting, by green soy bean plant, pulls up or paste ground and slice off, be laid in field.

B, the management of Siraitia grosvenorii fruiting period and harvesting: Siraitia grosvenorii fruiting period is in first arrival in July end of August, a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizer of period demand, Guarantee that Fruit and later period are continuously bloomed；

B1, pollination: Siraitia grosvenorii is dioecian plant, and wind-force and insect are difficult to propagate pollen, and only manually pollination could be protected Demonstrate,prove yield.Pollination should enter full-bloom stage in plant and open 10 when progress of spending above daily, and several first opened should directly dredge and go, In order to avoid nutrition concentrates on the fruit first pollinated, setting percentage decline of pollinating below is caused, fruitlet occurs.Pollination is preferably in the morning 11 Shi Yiqian is completed, because morning male flower is write a prescription, loose powder is the most vigorous, while female chapiter adhesion strength is strong, thus setting percentage is high；And Afternoon high temperature drying, column cap adhesion strength is poor, pollination percentage of fertile fruit be remarkably decreased.When pollination should in certain sequence by strain by piece carry out, In order to avoid omitting.Stop pollination within 150 flowers of every plant of pollination, pollination excessively will cause nutrition dispersion, influence big fruit, special fruit rate. The commodity value of fruit is rung from face.

Pollination is the most procedure of recruitment, it is necessary to which ingenious solution is to improve effect, the method is as follows:

1. being inserted into style center from anthocaulus with toothpick, remove petal, hold toothpick, male flower stamen is directed at female chapiter and is gently revolved Turn touching.

2. male flower valve is depressed at carpopodium tight with holding, exposes male flower stamen, is directed at female chapiter and gently touches.

B2, water drenching moisturizing: Fruit needs a large amount of moisture, should keep 60%~80% field capacity, Cai Nengman Needed for foot growth.Such as there is continuous high temperature arid, when the dusk sun sets, the water spray moisturizing cooling of reply canopy face, otherwise fruit is difficult To expand.

B3, fruit thinning: dredging to prevent or cure a disease after wormed fruit, malformed fruit, dehiscent fruit and point are spent one month in time does not have the fruit to grow up rapidly, with benefit The good fruit of nutrition centralizedly supply, improves the commodity value of fruit.

B4, pollination: September temperature is begun to decline, and day and night temperature is big, is most suitable for Momordica grosvenori plant growth, first fruit is All sizings, the plant growing way of nutrient abundance is prosperous by force, can take out level Four lateral bine and budding, and should seize the opportunity pollination, is most easy to get to big fruit Special fruit.Normal continuous of pollinating is carried out to end of August or according to fruit setting amount and weather, can stop awarding when single plant reaches 150 fruits Powder.

B5, Siraitia grosvenorii harvesting: Siraitia grosvenorii harvests 90 days after pollination, and carpopodium turns yellow, and pericarp turns Huang and starts to harvest.Picking time Pay attention to for carpopodium being trimmed, is not so easy to puncture Siraitia grosvenorii.And according to fruit size, whether have scab etc. and carry out and select point Grade.Frame up be placed at shady and cool ventilation carry out after-ripening can be used to produce.

(8) plant disease management:

A, Siraitia grosvenorii plant disease management: various disease pest harm can occur for each stage of Luohanguo With Plantlets of Tissue Culture plantation, seriously affect The growth and development of plant influences the yield and quality of fruit, should rely mainly on prevention, comprehensive measure, just can ensure that plant strain growth is normal. Siraitia grosvenorii is dual-purpose of drug and food product, should utilize light, color insect-killing trapping as far as possible, and machinery catch pests.Shaoshi or not applying as far as possible It learns to farm medicine, prevents to apply high poison, persistent pesticide.Using efficient, less toxic, noresidue biological pesticide, to eliminate pesticide residue And heavy metal pollution.Siraitia grosvenorii main diseases and insect pests and its control measure are as follows:

A1, virosis: this sick time of origin is since early May.Mainly by passing malicious aphis propagation, artificial pollination, pruning etc. Farming operations are improper to cause contagion.Under relatively-high temperature and weather environment condition short of rain, the breeding activity frequency of aphid It is numerous, accelerate the propagation and sprawling of disease.There is chlorisis, floral leaf in the leaf of aggrieved diseased plant, is in mottling, generates shrinkage deformity, entirely Strain dwarfing, early ageing, the fallen leaves of yellow ahead of time are withered.Aggrieved diseased plant lacks result, knot fruitlet or non-result.Control measure is as follows:

1) nontoxic seedling is selected.

2) it is periodically sprayed with weeds of the insecticide to plant, ground and surrounding, by infection insect (such as aphid, mite Class pest etc.) it kills, diligent insecticidal is more wanted when susceptible in especially adjacent orchard.

3) prevention is alternately periodically sprayed with Junkeduke, Moroxydine Hydrochloride, Mushroom polysaccharide etc.+foliar fertilizer.

A2, root knot nematode disease: this sick high-incidence in 5~August part, mainly cause harm stem tuber and root.Aggrieved plant root swelling is in Spherical, rodlike, beads shape forms root knot not of uniform size (insect gall)；Stem tuber generates swollen strumae；Diseased plant slow growth, pushes away It yields positive results or does not yield positive results late, untimely defoliation is withered.Level land, the morbidity of sandy loam soil are heavier, and clay loam and high mountain are close Orcharding morbidity in woods is slight；Virgin soil morbidity is light, falls ill to continuous cropping heavier.Control measure is as follows:

1) it is orcharding that the Huang that selects soil layer deep, red soil virgin soil, which are opened up wasteland, avoids with radix rehmanniae preparata, sand making orchard.Basal dressing When with nematode must gram, medicaments and soil are mixed thoroughly and are protected more than Paecilomyces lilacinus or happy lot etc., such as continuous heavy rain will add in time.

2) early stage pushs surface soil aside, exposes the root and stem of certain plants and main root, by nematode must gram etc. be sprinkling upon and cover soil in the range of 0.5 meter after Water drenching is prevented in the range of 0.5 meter of plant when insect density is too big with the hereby 1500-2500 times of liquid leaching of microemulsion of 6% synergy sieve Ah pinane It controls, significant effect.

A3, spot blight: for novel Siraitia grosvenorii blade disease a kind of in recent years, the disease field to infect the phase longer, Originating the phase is the 5-6 month, until still visible aggrieved blade, onset peak period concentrate on 8-9 on (11, December) frame after Siraitia grosvenorii harvesting Month.Control measure is as follows:

1) disease-free seedlings are selected；

2) early stage is safe wettable using 45 % hymexazol WP1000 times of liquid of first frost or 2000 times of liquid of Prochloraz manganese salt or 60,%00 Property 2000 times of liquid of pulvis etc. sprays, and can preferably inhibit the disease spread in china.

A4, downy mildew, anthracnose (leaf spot): such fungal disease easily betides continuous rainfall weather, such as 4-5 month With 7-8 month, germ is invaded susceptible from the natural aperture such as wound or stomata.Generally endanger leaf, stem, fruit, when disease is serious, blade Part is withered, raw spot after fruit harvesting, and then rots.Early stage selects Propamocarb or 21% Peracetic acid+Tuzet to spray.

A5, southern blight: this disease is fallen ill seriously under the weather conditions of high temperature and humidity, and mainly cause harm rhizome portion.The susceptible root and stem of certain plants Portion and root are brown rotten, and go out white thin,tough silk filiform in sick minister.The sclerotium of the long dark brown rapeseed shape of site of pathological change.Morbidity In the later period, yellow leaf increased significantly disease from bottom to top, slow growth, and few branch or not branch gradually wilt with aggravation, are withered Extremely.Control measure are as follows:

1) it 5-7 month pushs root and stem of certain plants portion aside and shines root, the diseases prevention that limes replenishes the calcium, kills two birds with one stone.

2) when just falling ill, spreading fertilizer over the fields 70% pentachloronitrobenzene medicine soil in the basal part of stem of plant and its surrounding ground, (ratio is O.5 kilogram 70% pentachloronitrobenzene, mixes 15-25 kilograms of fine earth), 15-22.5 kilograms of 70% pentachloronitrobenzene of per hectare, often It is secondary to be separated by 25-30 days, continuous 2 times；The leaching of 2.5% 2000 times of triadimefon dilution imposes on basal part of stem, 0.25 kilogram of each medical fluid； It is gone out to wither with golden gill and waits fungicide pouring root.

A6, bacterial wilt: this disease readily occurs in the field of impeded drainage, the especially height in 7-8 month since June Warm high humidity season.Disease plant is mainly shown as: whole strain blade wilting tarnishes in the afternoon, restores just to the next morning Often, continue afternoon to show whole strain blade wilting, plant is dead after continuing 3-4 days.

Control measure is as follows:

1) often observing plant base portion stem if occurring stem humidity phenomenon before 10 o'clock of the fine day morning is susceptible omen, It must the pouring root of medication in time.

2) it climbs game clock soil 6-8 month, exposes the root and stem of certain plants and main root is ventilative, then replaced with medicaments such as antibiotics medicament such as Hymexazol-matulaxyls Blade face and pouring root prevention are sprayed using comprehensive.

3) susceptible initial stage is gone out pouring root of withering with plant health+Jin Jier, and the ratio of medicament and water is 5:100, every plant of 2-3 kilograms of filling Root.

4) plant of susceptible death should dig out in time concentration and burn, and in hole and its around sprinkle lime carry out soil disappear Poison.

A7, wilt disease: this disease can occur within the time of infertility.Such as encounter that sunshine is few, and rainy days is more in planting process, Rainfall is big, the viscous weight of soil, hypsography low-lying, impeded drainage, the continuous cropping of extensive management, root growth is bad, soil germ amount Big then morbidity is seriously.It is aggrieved in Seedling Stage, blade wither it is vertical, vines base portion hang contracting browning fall and it is dead.Adult plants morbidity vines Base portion browning color rots, and cauline leaf is wilted to whole climing wilting.Specific control measure is as follows:

Early stage, which is used alternatingly 25% Prochloraz, or Hymexazol-matulaxyl gold gill goes out withers and sprays and pouring root.

A8, cricket, cutworm, weevil: this class pest predominantly evil Siraitia grosvenorii seedling bites the seedling that rigid kind is gone down broken, Sometimes it can be repeated several times, influence growth of seedling.

Control method:

1) the previous day cypermethrin or attack planted, which kills equal medicaments and sprays to full Orchard Soil, prevents and treats.

2) see when there are insect infestations, then sprayed and killed with the full garden of cypermethrin.

A9, aphid: this class pest endangers Momordica grosvenori plant from May, occurs under 16-25 DEG C and drought condition ferocious It is rampant.Nymph and adult leaf back and it is tender suck juice in the heart, so that leaf curl is turned yellow, harm caused by transmitted virus disease is long-range In aphid evil itself.Specific control measure is as follows:

1) winter removes field stubble, weeds, to reduce worm sources.

2) aphid phototaxis is utilized, yellow plate is placed in orchard and traps and kills aphid；Or silver gray plastic film item is hung in field, it walks quickly and keeps away Aphid.

3) initial stage selects the medicaments such as 5% imidacloprid to be prevented and treated, and the later period is prevented and treated with blade face detergent.

A10, fruit fly: Siraitia grosvenorii okra fruit causes harm vulnerable to this class pest.Mainly by Adult worms producting eggs in fruit, larva moth is eaten Flesh destroys its tissue, and aggrieved fruit jaundice is rotted, but the damage of pericarp appearance is less, and initial stage is not easy to find, is needle-shaped size garden Yellow jelly exudation is often mixed in hole, and later period prematurity is first yellow, slightly in bronzing, is generated absciss layer outside carpopodium, is fallen off in advance, no Can be edible, seriously affect yield and quality.The specific precautionary measures are as follows:

1) the wormed fruit apparition plucks pick up wormed fruit, shedding in time, using the methods of water logging, buried, burning processing.Winter should be turned over comprehensively Soil in the garden of ploughing eliminates hibernal pupae or mature larva.

2) making good use of rural area insect physics lures glutinous agent to prevent and treat；Or with metrifonate, vinegar, brown sugar, water, in the ratio of 0.5:1:2:5 It after mixing is dissolved, is dipped in medical fluid with cotton, ball, disperses to be hung under canopy to trap and kill after suctioning medical fluid.

A11, stinkbug (beating wind worm): this class pest mainly passes through the tender shoots of piercing and sucking plant, tender stem, tender leaf, bud, young fruit Juice or tender leaf of eating cause damages to plant.Control measure are as follows: sprayed with insecticide to kill off the insect pests.Select medicament: The medicaments such as metrifonate, cypermethrin, Le Siben, which are used alternatingly, to be prevented and treated.

B, green soy bean pest management:

B1, virosis: the time of infertility can all occur, and control method is the same as Siraitia grosvenorii virus disease control method；

B2, downy mildew

Illness: there is yellow-white to the irregular stigma of yellow in the disease main harm blade, early stage blade face, and corresponding blade back goes out The existing loose mould layer symptom of grey, blade is withered when serious falls off.

Occurrence regularity: germ is overwintering on invalid body or on seed with egg spore.When second year condition maturity, egg spore is sprouted Hair generates sporangium, and sporangium releases zoospore, sputters and propagates by rainwater, invades from blastema, infects system.Most thermophilic In 20-24 degree, rainy high humidity disease easily flows degree.

Control method:

1) the selection breeding of adaptation to local conditions.

2) it is dressed seed with 25% metalaxyl.

3) rational close planting, ventilated, illumination is sufficient.

4) periodically spray, 58% 600 times of metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder liquid, 72% gram of 700 times of liquid of dew wettable powder or 64% 500 times of Sandofan wettable powder liquid is spaced sprinkling in 7-10 days once, even spray 2-3 times.

B3, rust

Illness: main harm blade.The big small rust staining of the killed dense syringe needle of blade, buries for germ and is born in prematurity under Cuticle Uredium, with the development of uredium, skin breakage sheds rust powder, and anaphase blade black dot occurs, is The teleutosorus of germ.

Occurrence regularity: cause of disease category Basidiomycotina fungi.Germ mainly using uredospore as just invading and invading inoculum again, is borrowed It helps wind and rain to propagate and completes disease anniversary circulation.The plant of warm rainy wet weather or low-lying humidity ground environment susceptible disease.

Control method:

1) pay attention to digging trenches to drain the water away, using high ridge or ridge culture, prevent moisture entrapment, using rational application of fertilizers technology, it is disease-resistant to improve plant Power.

2) early stage sprinkling 500 times of liquid of 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of liquid or 36% thiophanate-methyl suspending agent, Or it narrows amide compounding thiophanate methyl and prevents and treats by spraying.

B4, epidemic disease: dimethomorph compounding cyazofamid carries out spraying prevention and treatment.

B5, bean worm: the pest for endangering green soy bean has latent fly of bean-pod borer, beans bar etc., very harmful to soybean.

Control method: suppression hooligan that agricultural contact toxicity is strong and natural disposition of going out is wide, Belmark, pleasure may be selected to above-mentioned pest The low toxicity and low residues pesticide control such as Si Ben is forbidden to prevent and treat 1 time within every 7 days using highly toxic pesticide such as acephatemet, DDVP, and Lian Fang 2~ 3 times.

(9) Siraitia grosvenorii is continuously planted；

After Siraitia grosvenorii harvesting, Siraitia grosvenorii rattan is cut, after making the withered drying of Momordica grosvenori plant, is struck the tendril of frame with bamboo pole Fall, behind diversion soaked field, discharge water dry field, limes to plough deeply and pass the winter, and in the second year spring, repeats step (2)-(8).

Implant bed and plantation heap requirement when continuous plantation: plantation heap need to plant heap with original seed and distinguish, and field and hilly ground will Former gutter is transformed into implant bed, and transform gutter at original seed plant bed as, the reason is that original seed, which plants heap, is easy to appear root disease.

It after the plantation of green soy bean spring, is no longer planted, to the next spring according to Siraitia grosvenorii site preparation landform, is sowed, Management method repeats (2)-(8).

Claims (6)

1. a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii and early-maturing Maodou interplanting method, it is characterised in that: itself the following steps are included:

(1) planting site selects: selection field, hilly ground or mountainous region；

(2) site preparation makees bed: method of soil preparation are as follows: ground after applying quick lime per acre, is ploughed deeply 20-30 centimetres by spring；

Do bed process are as follows: application of organic fertilizers or 800-1000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure and granulated boric fertilizer per acre before making bed It 1 kilogram, turns over uniformly, then makees bed in accordance with the following methods:

A, field: every 1.5-2.0 meters, opening wide 10-15 centimetres, deep 28-32 centimetres of gutter, form 1.5-2.0 meters of width, high 28-32 centimetres of implant bed, and the Siraitia grosvenorii plantation heap of high 10-15 centimetres, 20-30 centimetres of diameter is played on implant bed, and Mulch is covered on plantation heap；

B, hilly ground: opening 10-15 centimetres wide, deep 28-32 centimetres of gutter in hilly ground side, and by the row between every layer of terraced fields Ditch communicates, and forms the side implant bed that can drain or irrigate, and rise on implant bed it is 10-15 centimetres high, 20-30 centimetres of diameter Siraitia grosvenorii plant heap, and plantation heap on cover mulch；

C, mountainous region: Siraitia grosvenorii plantation heap is directly played in mountainous region, 2-2.5 meters of heap spacing of plantation is 40-60 centimetres of diameter, 15-20 lis high Rice, and mulch is covered on plantation heap；

(3) sowing field planting:

A, early-maturing Maodou is sowed: be broadcast live in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March, dressed seed with nitragin, two adjacent Siraitia grosvenoriis plantation heaps it Between wool opening beans kind plant hole, 15-20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, depth of planting be 3-5 centimetres, every cave 2-4；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii is colonized: in the first tenday period of a month in late March to April, being pushed the mulch among Siraitia grosvenorii plantation heap aside, is dug out Siraitia grosvenorii kind Luohanguo With Plantlets of Tissue Culture is put into Siraitia grosvenorii kind plant hole by plant hole, field planting；

(4) seedling management:

A, early-maturing Maodou seedling management: in the first tenday period of a month in late March to April, when green soy bean is 6-7 centimetres high, each kind of plant hole retains one plant Healthy seedling；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii seedling management: the first tenday period of a month in late March to April pour in time after Siraitia grosvenorii field planting and apply root water, after field planting, often Every 5-7 days, foliage-spray low concentration organic water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid or xanthohumic acid kind fertilizer removed lateral bud, kept terminal bud advantage；

(5) breeding period administration:

A1, green soy bean breeding period administration: the first tenday period of a month in April, after green soy bean emergence is neat, at 5-10 centimetres of plant of soil, Every plant imposes the ternary compound fertilizer of 10-15 grams of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium, and covers；

A2, green soy bean branch period management: green soy bean can yield positive results for 30-40 days after emergence, in the middle ten days and the last ten days in April, tillage and weeding Afterwards, 150-250 grams of ternary compound fertilizer is imposed for every plant, covering sprinkles profoundly water；

B1, Siraitia grosvenorii breeding period administration: mid-April is removed terminal bud in Siraitia grosvenorii height of seedling 70-80 centimeters for the first time, and and When erase lateral bud, stay a lateral bud close to top to go to push up again as 10 centimeters under main stem continued growth to Siraitia grosvenorii canopy Bud simultaneously stays a lateral bud close to top in main stem continued growth to canopy；

B2, Siraitia grosvenorii breeding time water and fertilizer management: late May to mid-June, after Siraitia grosvenorii removes terminal bud for the first time, every plant imposes three 20-30 grams of component composite fertilizer, buriing, after upper canopy, every spacing in the rows is from 20 centimetres of main root or so, 3-5 kilograms of organic fertilizer of open semicircle shape ditch, Earthing；

(6) reproduction converts period management:

A, early-maturing Maodou beanpod period management: May, early and middle ten days imposed 95-105 kilograms of organic fertilizer, ternary is multiple to the first tenday period of a month in June per acre 95-105 kilograms of Hefei imposes apart from root system 8-12 centimeters, and removes major branch terminal bud after full-bloom stage；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii converts period management: June early and middle ten days, on Siraitia grosvenorii after canopy, every plant is stayed 3-4 level-one climing, and every level-one is climing again 3-4 fruit setting of reservation is climing, which bud occurs；

(7) fruiting period management and harvesting:

A, green soy bean beanpod phase and harvesting period management: mid-June starts to be harvested, which is to guarantee full-bloom stage and later period fruit It expands in fact and guarantees that beanpod is full, which need to spray blade face boron fertilizer, and spraying method is that 50-120ml liquid boron fertilizer is watered spray per acre Apply blade；Beanpod picking is completed before by the end of June, after picking, green soy bean plant is pulled up or is pasted ground and is sliced off, field is laid in；

B, Siraitia grosvenorii management and harvesting:

B1, water drenching moisturizing: Siraitia grosvenorii need to keep 60%~80% field capacity, continuous high temperature arid, the dusk sun such as occur When setting, to the water spray moisturizing cooling of canopy face；

B2, fruit thinning: dredging to prevent or cure a disease after wormed fruit, malformed fruit, dehiscent fruit and point are spent one month in time does not have the fruit to grow up rapidly；

B3, pollination: plant enter full-bloom stage open daily 10 spend above when pollinate in time, when single plant reaches 140-150 fruit Son can stop pollinating；

B4, Siraitia grosvenorii harvesting: 90 days after pollination, carpopodium turns yellow, and pericarp turns Huang and starts to harvest；

(8) plant disease management: plant disease management is carried out according to art methods；

(9) Siraitia grosvenorii is continuously planted；

After Siraitia grosvenorii harvesting, Siraitia grosvenorii rattan is cut, after making the withered drying of Momordica grosvenori plant, is struck the tendril of frame with bamboo pole Fall, behind diversion soaked field, discharge water dry field, limes to plough deeply and pass the winter, and in spring next year, repeats step (2)-(8).

2. a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii according to claim 1 and early-maturing Maodou interplanting method, it is characterised in that: whole in step (2) If meeting the rainy day when ground, dry field 3 days or more after the rain.

3. a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii according to claim 1 and early-maturing Maodou interplanting method, it is characterised in that: in step (4), institute The root water for stating Siraitia grosvenorii seedling management is made of water-soluble organic fertilizer, root-growing agent and fungicide.

4. a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii according to claim 1 and early-maturing Maodou interplanting method, it is characterised in that: in step (7), institute It states green soy bean beanpod phase and harvesting period management and imposes ternary in time after spraying blade face boron fertilizer if yellow leaf fertilizer deficiency occurs in plant At least 150-200 grams/plant of compound fertilizer.

5. a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii according to claim 1 and early-maturing Maodou interplanting method, it is characterised in that: in step (9), sieve When Chinese fruit next year continuously plants, it will be transformed into implant bed at former gutter, and transform gutter as at original seed plant bed.

6. a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii according to claim 1 and early-maturing Maodou interplanting method, it is characterised in that: the green soy bean is early Ripe varieties of vegetable soybean, the time of infertility are 80-90 days.