CN108184529A - It is a kind of to improve dish mulberry tree burgeen yield and the cultural method of quality - Google Patents
It is a kind of to improve dish mulberry tree burgeen yield and the cultural method of quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN108184529A CN108184529A CN201810071843.9A CN201810071843A CN108184529A CN 108184529 A CN108184529 A CN 108184529A CN 201810071843 A CN201810071843 A CN 201810071843A CN 108184529 A CN108184529 A CN 108184529A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of raising dish mulberry tree burgeen yields and the cultural method of quality, with reference to growing of mulberry habit and the quality requirements of pollution-free vegetable, provide a kind of cultural method that can be significantly improved mulberry tree burgeen yield and improve mulberry bud edible quality.The present invention is by selecting special mulberry tree breed, changes that mulberry tree is tree-like to form mode, is realized using modes such as specific fertilizer.Compared with traditional mulberry cultivation method, mulberry bud yield is dramatically increased, improves mulberry bud mouthfeel, increases DNJ contents in mulberry bud.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant planting field, the efficient cultivation method to plant vegetables more particularly, to one with mulberry tree.
Background technology
Mulberry tree is a kind of important industrial crops in China.Not only containing abundant protein, carbohydrate, dimension in mulberry leaf
The minerals such as raw element and calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, and contain phenolic acid class, flavonoids, γ-aminobutyric acid, 1-DNJ
(DNJ) the multiple biological activities ingredient such as, there is dispelling wind and heat from the body, clear liver and improve vision, is hypoglycemic, is anti-inflammatory and other effects, it is medicine-food two-purpose
Resource.DNJ is a kind of efficient alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, has significant effect of lowering blood sugar.Some researches show that mulberry tree tender leaf is (tender
Bud) in 1-DNJ (DNJ) isoreactivity component content higher than (0.1341~1.472mg/g) in old leaf.In recent years,
Dish with mulberry leaf tender shoots (tender leaf) for main raw material(s) gradually rises.
Mulberry tree is perennial deciduous tree, and the cultivation of traditional mulberry tree can use a large amount of pesticides to adapt to sericulture demand
And chemical fertilizer, mulberry yield is high, but burgeen yield is very low (mulberry bud for only having a small amount of sparse branching to pluck core), and mulberry bud is more coarse puckery
Mouthful.
Invention content
The present invention combines the quality requirements of growing of mulberry habit and pollution-free vegetable, provides that a kind of to significantly improve mulberry tree tender
Bud yield and the cultural method for improving mulberry bud edible quality.The present invention is by selecting special mulberry tree breed, changing mulberry tree tree
Shape forms mode, is realized using modes such as specific fertilizer.
It is a kind of to improve dish mulberry tree burgeen yield and the cultural method of quality, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) cultivating soil prepares
Deep, fertile, the well-drained subacidity of soil layer is selected to plough deeply soil to neutral sandy loam (pH value 6.0~7.5)
Ground is transplanted with north and south furrow to planning, excavates the planting furrow that wide, depth is 40cm × 40cm, bottom of trench is per 667m2Paving applies 800~
1000kg straw, then per 667m2Apply decomposed dung 4000kg or decomposed cake fertilizer 200kg~300kg, ditch earthen backfill and smooth soil
Ground；
(2) mulberry sapling selects
Selection germination is early, clockwork spring number is more, grows more vigorous, resistance to felling, the slow and disease-resistant stronger Hybrid Mulberry of drought resistance of falling leaves
Kind, such as osmanthus Sang You 12, Yuesang 11 and 10 × human relations of the pool 109；Mulberry sapling is uniform in size, Miao Jing is more than 5.0mm, and main root is complete,
Root long is more than or equal to 100mm；Purity is more than or equal to 95.0%；
(3) time is transplanted
Annual late Febuary~mid-March；
(4) method for planting and density
Planting density is depending on kind and edaphic condition；The kind of tree-like development, such as osmanthus Sang You 12,10 × human relations of the pool 109,
Spacing in the rows 50cm~60cm, line-spacing 120cm~140cm；It is tree-like upright suitable close, such as Yuesang 11, spacing in the rows 40cm~50cm, line-spacing
110cm~130cm；
(5) it is colonized
Delicate part at the top of mulberry sapling is wiped out, stays height of seedling 30-40cm；Thick root, which is cut, is left to 20cm；It is pinpointed according to seeding row spacing bracing wire,
Mulberry sapling is colonized, planting depth had just covered mulberry sapling rhizome portion with earthing to be advisable, and nursery stock is erected in kind of plant hole and makes root system in order, keeps
Root is unfolded, and stops up root with table soil fine crushing, gently puies forward seedling stem when stopping up, soil is made to touch with root system, finally hilling is steady and sure again；Installation drop
Fill system waters in time after field planting；
(6) it is tree-like to form and harvest
First Year is grown to cutting off seedling stem at 20cm~25cm from the ground in mulberry tree, when new budling grows to 10cm~15cm
Bud thinning is carried out, the well-balanced healthy and strong budling 3~4 in position is selected and remain and is allowed to grow, the first branch is formed, when the first branch length is to from the ground
Core is plucked at 40cm~45cm, sprouting carries out bud thinning when growing to 10cm~15cm, 3~4 young sprout bud lifes are selected and remain in each branch
It is long, i.e., it often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 10~12 branches, cut shoot determines fist during branch is liftoff 55~60cm, allows its continued growth side shoot later, and 7
Mulberry bud can be picked after the middle of the month comprehensively；Each young sprout length is to harvesting tender leaf bud during 25~30cm later, and extracts and close on top
Blade (later adopt bud mode identical)；After continuously picking several batches, top side shoot top terrain clearance be more than 100cm, in it is more,
Carefully, during high state, top clipping to shoot apex terrain clearance 85cm~100cm, continued growth later is with adopting bud；Late December is to next
Mid-February in year carries out top clipping, shoot apex terrain clearance 90cm~100cm, and wipe out small and weak branch and withered stake；
After second year, annual spring each young sprout length extracts to harvesting tender leaf bud during 25~30cm and closes on top
Blade；Bud mulberry is picked in order to even during growing of mulberry, it can be by entire mulberry field cut shoot in batches；May early and middle ten days cut shoot 30-
40%, remaining mulberry tree continued growth simultaneously adopts bud to late June cut shoot in the same way；Mulberry tree after cut shoot need to carry out bud thinning,
Retain 3-4 young sprout bud growth on each fist, after continuously picking several batches, top branch top terrain clearance is more than 100cm, and top clipping is extremely
Shoot apex terrain clearance 85cm~100cm, continued growth later is with adopting bud；Mid-February in late December to next year carries out top clipping,
Shoot apex terrain clearance 90cm~100cm, and wipe out small and weak branch and withered stake；
(7) it applies fertilizer
Bud thinning is surely dry rear per 667m for the first time for First Year mulberry tree2Apply composite fertilizer 40kg (mass ratio N ︰ P2O5︰ K26 ︰ of O=24 ︰
10), from opened at mulberry tree trunk 20cm fertilising cave, earthing after fertilising；Cut shoot determines every 667m during fist2Apply sulphur coated slow-release urea (nitrogen
Content 35%~40%) 20kg；After the growing of mulberry phase often adopts 2 batches of bud, composite bacteria agent (withered grass bud is alternately applied with reference to trickle irrigation
The agent of spore bacillus and Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum 2 ︰ 1 in mass ratio are mixed, and dilute 500~600 times) and formula nutritional liquid (NaNO3,
1000mg·L-1；KH2PO4, 200mgL-1；H3BO3 3mg·L-1；ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.15mgL-1；(NH4)6Mo7O24·
4H2O, 0.01mgL-1), after winter mulberry tree enters rest period, with reference to application organic fertilizer is ploughed, per 667m2Apply 2000~
3000kg oil cakes or 3000~5000kg decomposed manures；
De- bud is sprouted to magpie mouth period in mulberry tree hibernaculum every year later, per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer (N ︰ P2O5︰ K26 ︰ of O=24 ︰
10) 50~100kg and streptomyces microflavus microbial bacterial agent 2kg, is adopted between sprouting stage and winter fertilization mode is identical with First Year.
(8) disease pest and weed is prevented
Per 667m2Trapping lamp 1 is installed, hangs 30 pieces~40 pieces of insect-sticking plate Huang plate, suspension height is liftoff 100cm~110cm；
Ground is covered using materials such as dogstail, stalks；It was found that the timely artificial capture method of pest is removed；Weeds are removed in time, are excavated disease tree, are cut
Except sick branch, remove dry branches and fallen leaves；When diaphania, mulberry borer are when pest damages are serious, using 80% DDVP breast, 40% Rogor
Missible oil, 50% Phoxim emulsion, the sprayings such as 50% phoxim or cypermethrin prevention are correct according to operation instruction and Harm
Dosage；15~20 days before harvesting, it is forbidden to use any pesticide.
Living bacteria count >=2 × 10 in the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum10CFU/g, living bacteria count in Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum
≥2×109CFU/g, living bacteria count >=2 × 10 in streptomyces microflavus microbial bacterial agent9CFU/g。
The advantage of the invention is that：After cutting down processing to different the cutting of mulberry tree progress, need to apply special fertilizer.With tradition
Mulberry cultivation method compare, dramatically increase mulberry bud yield, improve mulberry bud mouthfeel, increase DNJ contents in mulberry bud.
Specific embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, below by embodiment to further instruction of the present invention, embodiment is only used for solving
The present invention is released, any restriction will not be formed to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
It is a kind of to improve dish mulberry tree burgeen yield and the cultural method of quality, include the following steps：
(1) cultivating soil prepares
Deep, fertile, the well-drained subacidity of soil layer is selected to plough deeply soil to neutral sandy loam (pH value 6.0~7.5)
Ground is transplanted with north and south furrow to planning, excavates the planting furrow that wide, depth is 40cm × 40cm, bottom of trench is per 667m2Paving applies 800~
1000kg straw, then per 667m2Apply decomposed dung 4000kg or decomposed cake fertilizer 200kg~300kg, ditch earthen backfill and smooth soil
Ground；
(2) prepare mulberry sapling
Buy 12 mulberry saplings of osmanthus Sang You；Uniform in size, Miao Jing is selected to be more than 5.0mm, main root is complete, and root long is more than or equal to
The mulberry sapling of 100mm；
(3) time is transplanted
On 2 26th, 2014；
(4) method for planting and density
Spacing in the rows 45cm, line-spacing 120cm；
(5) it is colonized
Delicate part at the top of mulberry sapling is wiped out, stays height of seedling 30-40cm or so；Thick root, which is cut, is left to 20cm or so；According to seeding row spacing
Bracing wire pinpoints, and is colonized mulberry sapling, planting depth depth had just covered mulberry sapling rhizome portion with earthing to be advisable, and nursery stock is erected in kind of plant hole
Make root system in order, root kept to unfold, stop up root with table soil fine crushing, while with while gently put forward seedling stem, soil is made to touch with root system, is finally stopped up again
It is native steady and sure；Drip irrigation system is installed, is watered in time after field planting；
(6) it is tree-like to form and harvest
Grown in mulberry tree to cutting off seedling stem at 20cm~25cm from the ground within 2014, when new budling grows to 10cm~15cm into
Row bud thinning selects and remain the well-balanced healthy and strong budling 3~4 in position and is allowed to grow, the first branch formed, when the first branch length is to from the ground
Core is plucked at 40cm~45cm, sprouting carries out bud thinning when growing to 10cm~15cm, 3~4 young sprout bud lifes are selected and remain in each branch
It is long, i.e., it often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 10~12 branches, cut shoot determines fist during branch is liftoff 55~60cm, allows its continued growth side shoot later, and 7
Mulberry bud can be picked after the middle of the month comprehensively；Each young sprout length is (tender containing mulberry bud, 2-3 pieces to tender leaf bud is harvested during 25~30cm later
The tender stem of leaf and non-lignifying, 5~7cm of length), and extract the blade for closing on top；After continuously picking several batches, top side shoot top
It is more than 100cm to hold terrain clearance, during in more, thin, high state, top clipping to shoot apex terrain clearance 85cm~100cm, it is subsequent
Continuous growth is with adopting bud；Late January carries out top clipping, shoot apex terrain clearance 90cm~100cm, and wipes out small and weak branch and withered stake；
2015~2017 years, annual spring each young sprout length extractd to harvesting tender leaf bud during 25~30cm and closes on top
Blade；Annual the first tenday period of a month in May cut shoot, the mulberry tree after cut shoot, bud thinning retain 3-4 young sprout bud growth, continuous picking on each fist
After several batches, top branch top terrain clearance is more than 100cm, and top clipping continues later to shoot apex terrain clearance 85cm~100cm
It grows and adopts bud；Early January carries out top clipping, shoot apex terrain clearance 90cm~100cm, and wipes out small and weak branch and withered stake；
(7) it applies fertilizer
Bud thinning is surely dry rear per 667m for the first time for First Year mulberry tree2Apply composite fertilizer 40kg (mass ratio N ︰ P2O5︰ K26 ︰ of O=24 ︰
10), from opened at mulberry tree trunk 20cm fertilising cave, earthing after fertilising；Cut shoot determines every 667m during fist2Apply sulphur coated slow-release urea (nitrogen
Content 35%~40%) 20kg；After the growing of mulberry phase often adopts 2 batches of bud, composite bacteria agent (withered grass bud is alternately applied with reference to trickle irrigation
The agent of spore bacillus and Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum 2 ︰ 1 in mass ratio are mixed, and dilute 500~600 times) and formula nutritional liquid (NaNO3,
1000mg·L-1；KH2PO4, 200mgL-1；H3BO3 3mg·L-1；ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.15mgL-1；(NH4)6Mo7O24·
4H2O, 0.01mgL-1), after winter mulberry tree enters rest period, with reference to application organic fertilizer is ploughed, per 667m2Apply 2000~
3000kg oil cakes or 3000~5000kg decomposed manures；
De- bud is sprouted to magpie mouth period in mulberry tree hibernaculum every year later, per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer (N ︰ P2O5︰ K26 ︰ of O=24 ︰
10) 50~100kg and streptomyces microflavus microbial bacterial agent 2kg, is adopted between sprouting stage and winter fertilization mode is identical with First Year.
(8) disease pest and weed is prevented
Per 667m2Trapping lamp 1 is installed, hangs 30 pieces~40 pieces of insect-sticking plate Huang plate, suspension height is liftoff 100cm~110cm；
It was found that the timely artificial capture method of pest is removed；Weeds are removed in time, are excavated disease tree, are wiped out sick branch, remove dry branches and fallen leaves；Work as mulberry
Snout moth's larva, mulberry borer when pest damages are serious (annual 8~September part) are sprayed anti-using 80% DDVP breast or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate
It controls 1 time.
Embodiment 2
It is a kind of to improve dish mulberry tree burgeen yield and the cultural method of quality, include the following steps：
(1) cultivating soil prepares
Deep, fertile, the well-drained subacidity of soil layer is selected to plough deeply soil to neutral sandy loam (pH value 6.0~7.5)
Ground is transplanted with north and south furrow to planning, excavates the planting furrow that wide, depth is 40cm × 40cm, bottom of trench is per 667m2Paving applies 800~
1000kg straw, then per 667m2Apply decomposed dung 4000kg or decomposed cake fertilizer 200kg~300kg, ditch earthen backfill and smooth soil
Ground.
(2) prepare mulberry sapling
Buy Yuesang 11 mulberry sapling.Uniform in size, Miao Jing is selected to be more than 5.0mm, main root is complete, and root long is more than or equal to
The mulberry sapling of 100mm.
(3) time is transplanted
On 2 26th, 2014.
(4) method for planting and density
Spacing in the rows 50cm, line-spacing 120cm.
(5) it is colonized
Delicate part at the top of mulberry sapling is wiped out, stays height of seedling 30-40cm；Thick root, which is cut, is left to 20cm.It is pinpointed according to seeding row spacing bracing wire,
Mulberry sapling is colonized, planting depth had just covered mulberry sapling rhizome portion with earthing to be advisable, and nursery stock is erected in kind of plant hole and makes root system in order, keeps
Root is unfolded, and stops up root with table soil fine crushing, gently puies forward seedling stem when stopping up, soil is made to touch with root system, finally hilling is steady and sure again.Installation drop
Fill system waters in time after field planting.
(6) it is tree-like to form and harvest
Grown in mulberry tree to cutting off seedling stem at 20cm~25cm from the ground within 2014, when new budling grows to 10cm~15cm into
Row bud thinning selects and remain the well-balanced healthy and strong budling 3~4 in position and is allowed to grow, the first branch formed, when the first branch length is to from the ground
Core is plucked at 40cm~45cm, sprouting carries out bud thinning when growing to 10cm~15cm, 3~4 young sprout bud lifes are selected and remain in each branch
It is long, i.e., it often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 10~12 branches, cut shoot determines fist during branch is liftoff 55~60cm, allows its continued growth side shoot later, and 7
Mulberry bud can be picked after the middle of the month comprehensively.Each young sprout length is (tender containing mulberry bud, 2-3 pieces to tender leaf bud is harvested during 25~30cm later
The tender stem of leaf and non-lignifying, 5~7cm of length), and extract the blade for closing on top.After continuously picking several batches, top side shoot top
It is more than 100cm to hold terrain clearance, during in more, thin, high state, top clipping to shoot apex terrain clearance 85cm~100cm, it is subsequent
Continuous growth is with adopting bud.Late January carries out top clipping, shoot apex terrain clearance 90cm~100cm, and wipes out small and weak branch and withered stake.
2015~2017 years, annual spring each young sprout length extractd to harvesting tender leaf bud during 25~30cm and closes on top
Blade.Annual the first tenday period of a month in May cut shoot, the mulberry tree after cut shoot, bud thinning retain 3-4 young sprout bud growth, continuous picking on each fist
After several batches, top branch top terrain clearance is more than 100cm, and top clipping continues later to shoot apex terrain clearance 85cm~100cm
It grows and adopts bud.Early January carries out top clipping, shoot apex terrain clearance 90cm~100cm, and wipes out small and weak branch and withered stake.
(7) it applies fertilizer
Bud thinning is surely dry rear per 667m for the first time for First Year mulberry tree2Apply composite fertilizer 40kg (mass ratio N ︰ P2O5︰ K26 ︰ of O=24 ︰
10), from opened at mulberry tree trunk 20cm fertilising cave, earthing after fertilising；Cut shoot determines every 667m during fist2Apply sulphur coated slow-release urea (nitrogen
Content 35%~40%) 20kg；After the growing of mulberry phase often adopts 2 batches of bud, composite bacteria agent (withered grass bud is alternately applied with reference to trickle irrigation
The agent of spore bacillus and Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum 2 ︰ 1 in mass ratio are mixed, and dilute 500~600 times) and formula nutritional liquid (NaNO3,
1000mg·L-1；KH2PO4, 200mgL-1；H3BO3 3mg·L-1；ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.15mgL-1；(NH4)6Mo7O24·
4H2O, 0.01mgL-1), after winter mulberry tree enters rest period, with reference to application organic fertilizer is ploughed, per 667m2Apply 2000~
3000kg oil cakes or 3000~5000kg decomposed manures；
De- bud is sprouted to magpie mouth period in mulberry tree hibernaculum every year later, per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer (N ︰ P2O5︰ K26 ︰ of O=24 ︰
10) 50~100kg and streptomyces microflavus microbial bacterial agent 2kg, is adopted between sprouting stage and winter fertilization mode is identical with First Year.
(8) disease pest and weed is prevented
Per 667m2Trapping lamp 1 is installed, hangs 30 pieces~40 pieces of insect-sticking plate Huang plate, suspension height is liftoff 100cm~110cm；
It was found that the timely artificial capture method of pest is removed；Weeds are removed in time, are excavated disease tree, are wiped out sick branch, remove dry branches and fallen leaves.Work as mulberry
Snout moth's larva, mulberry borer when pest damages are serious (annual 8~September part), using 80% DDVP breast, 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 50% is pungent
Sulphur phosphoric emulsion, the sprayings such as 50% phoxim or cypermethrin prevent 1 time.
Comparative example 1
A kind of existing cultural method of mulberry tree, reference mulberry tree high-yield culture technique operating instruction (DB34/T908-2009),
Include the following steps：
(1) cultivating soil prepares
Deep, fertile, the well-drained subacidity of soil layer is selected to plough deeply soil to neutral sandy loam (pH value 6.0~7.5)
Ground is transplanted with north and south furrow to planning, excavates the planting furrow that wide, depth is 40cm × 40cm, bottom of trench is per 667m2Paving applies 800~
1000kg straw, then per 667m2Apply decomposed dung 4000kg or decomposed cake fertilizer 200kg~300kg, ditch earthen backfill and smooth soil
Ground.
(2) prepare mulberry sapling
Buy 12 mulberry saplings of osmanthus Sang You.Uniform in size, Miao Jing is selected to be more than 5.0mm, main root is complete, and root long is more than or equal to
The mulberry sapling of 100mm.
(3) time is transplanted
On 2 26th, 2014.
(4) method for planting and density
Spacing in the rows 50cm, line-spacing 133cm.
(5) it is colonized
Delicate part at the top of mulberry sapling is wiped out, stays height of seedling 30-40cm；Thick root, which is cut, is left to 20cm.It is pinpointed according to seeding row spacing bracing wire,
Mulberry sapling is colonized, planting depth had just covered mulberry sapling rhizome portion with earthing to be advisable, and nursery stock is erected in kind of plant hole and makes root system in order, keeps
Root is unfolded, and stops up root with table soil fine crushing, gently puies forward seedling stem when stopping up, soil is made to touch with root system, finally hilling is steady and sure again.Installation drop
Fill system waters in time after field planting.
(6) it is tree-like to form and harvest
First Year：After mulberry sapling field planting, the seedling tip is cut off before germination at liftoff 15cm~20cm, trunk is cultivated, stays position uniform
2~3 strong buds；Second year：It cuts to cut down at liftoff 35cm~50cm before spring germination and determines branch, stay 2~3 to strengthen per branch
Bud；Third year：Early June, liftoff 50cm~70cm summers, which are cut down, determines fist and determines tree-shaped.It harvests each cut shoot, bud thinning, pluck core and top clipping
Tender shoots.
(7) it applies fertilizer
Annual late March, 667m2Apply urea 20kg~30kg and chicken manure 1000kg.After summer is cut down, 667m2Urea 20kg is applied,
Chicken manure 1500kg, phosphate fertilizer 20kg.After July to late August bud thinning, 667m2Apply urea 20kg.Early autumn, 667m2Apply 30 ㎏ of urea.12
The middle ten days and the last ten days moon, with reference to winter ploughing, per 667m2Apply 4000kg decomposed manures.
(8) disease pest and weed is prevented
Per 667m2Trapping lamp 1 is installed, hangs 30 pieces~40 pieces of insect-sticking plate Huang plate, suspension height is liftoff 100cm~110cm；
It was found that the timely artificial capture method of pest is removed；Weeds are removed in time, are excavated disease tree, are wiped out sick branch, remove dry branches and fallen leaves.Work as mulberry
Snout moth's larva, mulberry borer when pest damages are serious (annual 8~September part), using 80% DDVP breast, 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 50% is pungent
Sulphur phosphoric emulsion, the sprayings such as 50% phoxim or cypermethrin prevent 1 time.
Comparative example 2
One plants vegetables with mulberry leaf cultivation technique, with reference to Yan Xiaoyun (2012) document《Dish mulberry leaf cultivation technique》, including following
Step：
(1) cultivating soil prepares
Deep, fertile, the well-drained subacidity of soil layer is selected to plough deeply soil to neutral sandy loam (pH value 6.0~7.5)
Ground is transplanted with north and south furrow to planning, excavates the planting furrow that wide, depth is 40cm × 40cm, bottom of trench is per 667m2Paving applies 800~
1000kg straw, then per 667m2Apply decomposed dung 4000kg or decomposed cake fertilizer 200kg~300kg, ditch earthen backfill and smooth soil
Ground.
(2) prepare mulberry sapling
Buy 12 mulberry saplings of osmanthus Sang You.Uniform in size, Miao Jing is selected to be more than 5.0mm, main root is complete, and root long is more than or equal to
The mulberry sapling of 100mm.
(3) time is transplanted
On 2 26th, 2014.
(4) method for planting and density
Spacing in the rows 50cm, line-spacing 120cm.
(5) it is colonized
Delicate part at the top of mulberry sapling is wiped out, stays height of seedling 30-40cm；Thick root, which is cut, is left to 20cm.It is pinpointed according to seeding row spacing bracing wire,
Mulberry sapling is colonized, planting depth had just covered mulberry sapling rhizome portion with earthing to be advisable, and nursery stock is erected in kind of plant hole and makes root system in order, keeps
Root is unfolded, and stops up root with table soil fine crushing, gently puies forward seedling stem when stopping up, soil is made to touch with root system, finally hilling is steady and sure again.Installation drop
Fill system waters in time after field planting.
(6) it is tree-like to form and harvest
After mulberry sapling definite value rudiment, trunk is cut off at 20~25cm from the ground, select and remain be evenly distributed select and remain 3 it is new
The tip when allowing selected and remain young sprout length to 30~35cm, pinching is carried out at 40~45cm from the ground, is trained the first branch, when
It is year general no longer to be trimmed, a small amount of tender tip leaves can be harvested for edible.Before second year sprouting sprouts, by the first branch
The old skill item of last year pumping is cut off, after its pumping young sprout, choosing and the dislocation of the first branch, equally distributed strong 3~4 progress of the tip
Culture, when the strong tip length selected and remain is to about nearly 1m from the ground, it at 65~70cm is from the ground cut off, is trained second
Dry, the skill base portion every year in the second branch cut cutting down later, and the fist formula for being trained 2 layers of branch is low dry tree-like.Third year
And later per young sprout is cultivated every year in the second branch for harvesting, specific collecting method is to erase overstocked thin and delicate tender tip,
When given birth to tender tip length to 15cm or so, stay in its base portion and extractd at 3~4 leaves.
(7) it applies fertilizer
Spring mulberry bud sprouting period is per 667m2Apply ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium=15 in mulberry field：15：15) 50~55kg；
The 667m after 2 edible tender leaf tips of every harvesting later2Alternately apply 50~55kg of ternary compound fertilizer；Mid or late September 667m2About apply
Ternary compound fertilizer 35kg and plant ash 600kg；Mid or late December, with reference to winter ploughing, 667m2Apply 4000kg decomposed manures.
(8) disease pest and weed is prevented
Per 667m2Trapping lamp 1 is installed, hangs 30 pieces~40 pieces of insect-sticking plate Huang plate, suspension height is liftoff 100cm~110cm；
It was found that the timely artificial capture method of pest is removed；Weeds are removed in time, are excavated disease tree, are wiped out sick branch, remove dry branches and fallen leaves.Work as mulberry
Snout moth's larva, mulberry borer when pest damages are serious (annual 8~September part), using 80% DDVP breast, 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 50% is pungent
Sulphur phosphoric emulsion, the sprayings such as 50% phoxim or cypermethrin prevent 1 time.
Mulberry tree plantation is carried out below with method provided by the invention, mulberry bud yield to different embodiment and comparative examples,
Mulberry bud organoleptic quality and active component content are tested, and test result is as follows：
The different embodiment mulberry bud yield of table 1 and quality preservation
Note：Average value of the mulberry bud yield for 2015~2017 years annual productions.Mulberry bud moisture content, total phenol and DNJ contents are
In May, 2017 mulberry bud testing result.Total phenol content uses forint phenol colorimetric method for determining, and DNJ contents are high using column front derivation
Effect liquid phase chromatogram method measures.Total phenol and DNJ contents are in terms of dry matter (DW).
From the point of view of table 1, according to mulberry cultivation method provided by the invention, tree-like formed in particular by provided by the invention
And fertilizing method, mulberry tree burgeen yield is high after plant, in good taste, and DNJ contents are high.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of improve dish mulberry tree burgeen yield and the cultural method of quality, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) cultivating soil prepares
Deep, fertile, the well-drained subacidity of soil layer is selected to neutral sandy loam (pH value 6.0~7.5), soil deeptillage, with
North and south furrow are transplanted to planning, excavate the planting furrow that wide, depth is 40cm × 40cm, bottom of trench is per 667m2Paving applies 800~1000kg rice
Grass, then per 667m2Decomposed dung 4000kg or decomposed cake fertilizer 200kg~300kg are applied, ditch earthen backfill is simultaneously leveled land；
(2) mulberry sapling selects
Selection germination is early, clockwork spring number is more, grows more vigorous, resistance to felling, the stronger hybridization mulberry races of slow and disease-resistant drought resistance of falling leaves,
Such as osmanthus Sang You 12, Yuesang 11 and 10 × human relations of the pool 109；Mulberry sapling is uniform in size, Miao Jing is more than 5.0mm, and main root is complete, and root long is big
In equal to 100mm；Purity is more than or equal to 95.0%；
(3) time is transplanted
Annual late Febuary~mid-March；
(4) method for planting and density
Planting density is depending on kind and edaphic condition；The kind of tree-like development, such as osmanthus Sang You 12,10 × human relations of the pool 109, spacing in the rows
50cm~60cm, line-spacing 120cm~140cm；It is tree-like upright suitable close, such as Yuesang 11, spacing in the rows 40cm~50cm, line-spacing
110cm~130cm；
(5) it is colonized
Delicate part at the top of mulberry sapling is wiped out, stays height of seedling 30-40cm；Thick root, which is cut, is left to 20cm；It is pinpointed according to seeding row spacing bracing wire, field planting
Mulberry sapling, planting depth had just covered mulberry sapling rhizome portion with earthing to be advisable, and nursery stock is erected in kind of plant hole and makes root system in order, and root is kept to relax
Exhibition stops up root with table soil fine crushing, gently puies forward seedling stem when stopping up, soil is made to touch with root system, finally hilling is steady and sure again；Trickle irrigation system is installed
System, waters in time after field planting；
(6) it is tree-like to form and harvest
First Year is grown to seedling stem is cut off at 20cm~25cm from the ground in mulberry tree, is carried out when new budling grows to 10cm~15cm
Bud thinning selects and remain the well-balanced healthy and strong budling 3~4 in position and is allowed to grow, the first branch formed, when the first branch length to 40cm from the ground
Core is plucked at~45cm, sprouting carries out bud thinning when growing to 10cm~15cm, 3~4 young sprout bud growths are selected and remain in each branch, i.e.,
It often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 10~12 branches, cut shoot determines fist during branch is liftoff 55~60cm, allows its continued growth side shoot later, in 7 months
Mulberry bud can be picked after ten days comprehensively；Each young sprout length is to harvesting tender leaf bud during 25~30cm later, and extracts the blade for closing on top
(later adopt bud mode identical)；After continuously picking several batches, top side shoot top terrain clearance is more than 100cm, in more, thin, high
During state, top clipping to shoot apex terrain clearance 85cm~100cm, continued growth later is with adopting bud；2 months late December to next year
The middle ten days carries out top clipping, shoot apex terrain clearance 90cm~100cm, and wipes out small and weak branch and withered stake；
After second year, annual spring each young sprout length extracts the blade for closing on top to harvesting tender leaf bud during 25~30cm；
Bud mulberry is picked in order to even during growing of mulberry, it can be by entire mulberry field cut shoot in batches；May, early and middle ten days cut shoot 30-40%, was left
Mulberry tree continued growth and adopt bud in the same way to late June cut shoot；Mulberry tree after cut shoot, need to carry out bud thinning, on each fist
Retain 3-4 young sprout bud growth, after continuously picking several batches, top branch top terrain clearance is more than 100cm, top clipping to shoot apex
Terrain clearance 85cm~100cm, continued growth later is with adopting bud；Mid-February in late December to next year carries out top clipping, shoot apex
Terrain clearance 90cm~100cm, and wipe out small and weak branch and withered stake；
(7) it applies fertilizer
Bud thinning is surely dry rear per 667m for the first time for First Year mulberry tree2Apply composite fertilizer 40kg (mass ratio N ︰ P2O5︰ K26 ︰ 10 of O=24 ︰), from mulberry
Fertilising cave, earthing after fertilising are opened at tree trunk 20cm；Cut shoot determines every 667m during fist2Apply sulphur coated slow-release urea (nitrogen content 35%
~40%) 20kg；After the growing of mulberry phase often adopts 2 batches of bud, composite bacteria agent (bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum is alternately applied with reference to trickle irrigation
Mixed with Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum 2 ︰ 1 in mass ratio, dilute 500~600 times) and formula nutritional liquid (NaNO3, 1000mgL-1；
KH2PO4, 200mgL-1；H3BO3 3mg·L-1；ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.15mgL-1；(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O,
0.01mg·L-1), after winter mulberry tree enters rest period, with reference to application organic fertilizer is ploughed, per 667m2Apply 2000~3000kg oil cakes
Or 3000~5000kg decomposed manures；
De- bud is sprouted to magpie mouth period in mulberry tree hibernaculum every year later, per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer (N ︰ P2O5︰ K26 ︰ 10 of O=24 ︰) 50~
100kg and streptomyces microflavus microbial bacterial agent 2kg, is adopted between sprouting stage and winter fertilization mode is identical with First Year；
(8) disease pest and weed is prevented
Per 667m2Trapping lamp 1 is installed, hangs 30 pieces~40 pieces of insect-sticking plate Huang plate, suspension height is liftoff 100cm~110cm；It uses
The materials such as dogstail, stalk cover ground；It was found that the timely artificial capture method of pest is removed；Weeds are removed in time, are excavated disease tree, are wiped out disease
Worm branch removes dry branches and fallen leaves；When diaphania, mulberry borer are when pest damages are serious, using 80% DDVP breast, 40% Rogor breast
Oil, 50% Phoxim emulsion, the sprayings such as 50% phoxim or cypermethrin prevention correctly make according to operation instruction and Harm
Use dosage；15~20 days before harvesting, it is forbidden to use any pesticide.
2. a kind of raising dish mulberry tree burgeen yield and the cultural method of quality as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State living bacteria count >=2 × 10 in bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum10CFU/g, living bacteria count >=2 in Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum ×
109CFU/g, living bacteria count >=2 × 10 in streptomyces microflavus microbial bacterial agent9CFU/g。
3. a kind of raising dish mulberry tree burgeen yield and the cultural method of quality as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Packet
Include following steps：
(1) cultivating soil prepares
Deep, fertile, the well-drained subacidity of soil layer is selected to neutral sandy loam (pH value 6.0~7.5), soil deeptillage, with
North and south furrow are transplanted to planning, excavate the planting furrow that wide, depth is 40cm × 40cm, bottom of trench is per 667m2Paving applies 800~1000kg rice
Grass, then per 667m2Decomposed dung 4000kg or decomposed cake fertilizer 200kg~300kg are applied, ditch earthen backfill is simultaneously leveled land；
(2) prepare mulberry sapling
Buy 12 mulberry saplings of osmanthus Sang You；Uniform in size, Miao Jing is selected to be more than 5.0mm, main root is complete, and root long is more than or equal to 100mm's
Mulberry sapling；
(3) time is transplanted
On 2 26th, 2014；
(4) method for planting and density
Spacing in the rows 45cm, line-spacing 120cm；
(5) it is colonized
Delicate part at the top of mulberry sapling is wiped out, stays height of seedling 30-40cm or so；Thick root, which is cut, is left to 20cm or so；According to seeding row spacing bracing wire
Fixed point is colonized mulberry sapling, and planting depth depth had just covered mulberry sapling rhizome portion with earthing to be advisable, and nursery stock is erected in kind of plant hole and is made in order
Root system keeps root to unfold, and stops up root with table soil fine crushing, while with while gently put forward seedling stem, soil is made to touch with root system, finally hilling is stepped on again
It is real；Drip irrigation system is installed, is watered in time after field planting；
(6) it is tree-like to form and harvest
It grows to seedling stem is cut off at 20cm~25cm from the ground in mulberry tree within 2014, is dredged when new budling grows to 10cm~15cm
Bud selects and remain the well-balanced healthy and strong budling 3~4 in position and is allowed to grow, forms the first branch, when the first branch length to 40cm from the ground~
Core is plucked at 45cm, sprouting carries out bud thinning when growing to 10cm~15cm, 3~4 young sprout bud growths are selected and remain in each branch, i.e., often
It selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 10~12 branches, cut shoot determines fist during branch is liftoff 55~60cm, allows its continued growth side shoot later, mid-July
After can pick mulberry bud comprehensively；Each young sprout length is to harvesting tender leaf bud (containing mulberry bud, 2-3 pieces tender leaf and not later during 25~30cm
The tender stem of lignifying, 5~7cm of length), and extract the blade for closing on top；After continuously picking several batches, top side shoot top is liftoff
Highly more than 100cm, during in more, thin, high state, top clipping to shoot apex terrain clearance 85cm~100cm, later continued growth
With adopting bud；Late January carries out top clipping, shoot apex terrain clearance 90cm~100cm, and wipes out small and weak branch and withered stake；
2015~2017 years, annual spring each young sprout length extractd the leaf for closing on top to harvesting tender leaf bud during 25~30cm
Piece；Annual the first tenday period of a month in May cut shoot, the mulberry tree after cut shoot, bud thinning retain 3-4 young sprout bud on each fist and grow, continuously pick several batches
Afterwards, branch top terrain clearance in top is more than 100cm, top clipping to shoot apex terrain clearance 85cm~100cm, later continued growth
With adopting bud；Early January carries out top clipping, shoot apex terrain clearance 90cm~100cm, and wipes out small and weak branch and withered stake；
(7) it applies fertilizer
Bud thinning is surely dry rear per 667m for the first time for First Year mulberry tree2Apply composite fertilizer 40kg (mass ratio N ︰ P2O5︰ K26 ︰ 10 of O=24 ︰), from mulberry
Fertilising cave, earthing after fertilising are opened at tree trunk 20cm；Cut shoot determines every 667m during fist2Apply sulphur coated slow-release urea (nitrogen content 35%
~40%) 20kg；After the growing of mulberry phase often adopts 2 batches of bud, composite bacteria agent (bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum is alternately applied with reference to trickle irrigation
Mixed with Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum 2 ︰ 1 in mass ratio, dilute 500~600 times) and formula nutritional liquid (NaNO3, 1000mgL-1；
KH2PO4, 200mgL-1；H3BO3 3mg·L-1；ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.15mgL-1；(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O,
0.01mg·L-1), after winter mulberry tree enters rest period, with reference to application organic fertilizer is ploughed, per 667m2Apply 2000~3000kg oil cakes
Or 3000~5000kg decomposed manures；
De- bud is sprouted to magpie mouth period in mulberry tree hibernaculum every year later, per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer (N ︰ P2O5︰ K26 ︰ 10 of O=24 ︰) 50~
100kg and streptomyces microflavus microbial bacterial agent 2kg, is adopted between sprouting stage and winter fertilization mode is identical with First Year；
(8) disease pest and weed is prevented
Per 667m2Trapping lamp 1 is installed, hangs 30 pieces~40 pieces of insect-sticking plate Huang plate, suspension height is liftoff 100cm~110cm；It was found that
The timely artificial capture method of pest is removed；Weeds are removed in time, are excavated disease tree, are wiped out sick branch, remove dry branches and fallen leaves；When diaphania, mulberry
Longicorn when pest damages are serious (annual 8~September part) is prevented 1 time using 80% DDVP breast or the spraying of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate.
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| CN112088670A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-18 | 黄昌源 | Cultivation method of vegetable mulberry variety |
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