CN114258826A - Pollution-free cultivation method of fritillary bulb - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fritillary planting, in particular to a pollution-free cultivation method of fritillary. The method comprises the following specific steps: selecting land: selecting the sun to be leeward; the black oil sandy soil and the butter sandy soil have sufficient water, good drainage, rich and loose fertilizer and rich humus; ploughing in the autumn or after thawing in spring, removing stones, tree roots and impurities, breaking stones, finely leveling by airing, raking and making beds before sowing, wherein the ploughing depth is 0.2-0.3 m; the propagation method comprises the steps of bulb propagation and seed propagation; the field management comprises weeding, loosening soil, irrigating and draining water, topdressing, thinning flowers and picking buds, and planting shading crops; and (3) pest control: the plant diseases and insect pests harmful to Pingbei comprise rust disease, gray mold, sclerotinia, wireworm, cutworm and mole cricket; the plant diseases and insect pests have great harm to fritillaria ussuriensis, yield is reduced if the plant diseases and insect pests are light, and the plant diseases and insect pests destroy gardens and stop production if the plant diseases and insect pests are heavy. The invention provides a pollution-free cultivation method of flat shells, which can improve the production of the flat shells and reduce the waste of fertilizers and soil.

Description

Pollution-free cultivation method of fritillary bulb

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fritillary planting, in particular to a pollution-free cultivation method of fritillary.

Background

Pingbei is a perennial herb of Liliaceae, and has the effects of moistening lung, relieving cough, relieving asthma, eliminating phlegm, etc. by using bulb as medicine. In recent years, the sales volume of some countries and regions in southeast Asia is generally good, the price is considerable, the market potential is large, and the method is very suitable for being developed in the same river forest region from the requirement of the countries and regions on environmental conditions.

The fritillary belongs to a low-temperature and cold-resistant planting type plant, the environmental temperature during the growth period is between 2 and 18 ℃, the fritillary generally freezes and digs out soil after snow melts in the middle and the last days of 4 months, the fritillary is died successively in the last 6 months, the harvest is started in the middle and the last 6 months, and the growth period is about 2 months. The soil requirements of the Pingbei are not strict, the black soil layer is generally 20cm, and fertilizer does not leak under the soil layer, so that the common potato planting land is suitable for the growth of the Pingbei and is generally suitable for the natural conditions of river forest areas.

The common planting method is not beneficial to the growth of the fritillaria, and the yield of the fritillaria is not high, so that the waste of fertilizer and soil is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a pollution-free cultivation method of flat shells, which can improve the production of the flat shells and reduce the waste of fertilizers and soil.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a pollution-free cultivation method of Pingbei is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:

s1: selecting land: selecting black oil sandy soil and butter sandy soil which face to the sun and lee, have sufficient moisture, good drainage, are fertile and loose and are rich in humus; the subacid and neutral soil is selected, the slope of the mountain land is not more than 12 degrees, the mountain side slope land with the ground cover plant mainly containing the broad-leaved tree species is the best, or the three-dimensional cultivation can be carried out under the broad-leaved tree species forest with later leaves;

s2: land preparation: turning over the land in spring or autumn with a ploughing depth of 0.2-0.3m, removing stones, tree roots and impurities, then breaking stones, airing, raking, finely leveling and making beds before sowing; the width of the ridge is 1-1.2m, the length of the ridge depends on the terrain, the operation channel is 0.1-0.4m, the direction of the ridge is preferably the north-south direction, and the ridge is heated uniformly; firstly measuring the position of a ridge bed, nailing a pile hanging line, shoveling the surface soil in the ridge bed for 10cm, turning the ridge bed to an operation way, flattening the ridge bottom, paving a layer of decomposed manure at the ridge bottom, applying 4000 kg of decomposed manure and 5000kg of manure per mu, wherein the thickness is 5cm, and flattening; covering a layer of bed soil on the base fertilizer for about 2cm according to the degree of manure decomposition and the size of the seeds to be planted, and paving for preparing the seeds to be planted;

s3: the propagation method comprises the following steps: comprises bulb propagation and seed propagation;

s4: field management: comprises weeding, loosening soil, irrigating and draining water, topdressing, thinning flowers and picking buds, and planting shading crops;

s5: and (3) pest control: the plant diseases and insect pests harmful to Pingbei comprise rust disease, gray mold, sclerotinia, wireworm, cutworm and mole cricket; the plant diseases and insect pests have great harm to fritillaria ussuriensis, yield is reduced if the plant diseases and insect pests are light, and the plant diseases and insect pests destroy gardens and stop production if the plant diseases and insect pests are heavy.

The ph value of the soil is 6.3-7.1.

The decomposed manure is preferably pig manure, horse manure and deer manure, and human manure and alkaline manure are avoided.

The bulb propagation is to plant bulbs or natural scale leaves, which is called vegetative propagation; cutting the seeds from the middle ten days of 6 months to the end ten days of 7 months, and planting the seeds on the planted furrows; firstly, the seed cultivation is divided into three parts, namely big, middle and small; the planting method comprises the following steps:

s1: a wood ruler method: firstly, slotting on the furrow according to the depth of the covering soil; then, cutting the furrow in the furrow groove by using a wooden ruler which is made according to the planting line spacing; the row spacing of the large and medium seed plants is 5-10cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm; cutting the plantlets according to the row spacing of 3-5cm, and trying to be uniform; covering soil of 5-6 cm;

s2: the wood frame method comprises the following steps: respectively manufacturing wood boards with the width of 6-8cm and the thickness of 1-1.5cm into two specifications of wood frames in a square of one meter as a ruler during planting; drawing thin iron wires on the wood frames according to the width of 4.5cm or 6cm respectively to be used as line spacing lines; selecting wood frame rulers with different specifications according to the size of the seed cut during planting, planting from one end of the furrow, downwards arranging bulbs, sequentially carrying out the seed cut according to the line spacing and the plant spacing of 5cm in the frame, fully planting the frame, covering the seed with surface soil turned over the operation channel, flattening the thickness of the soil and the wood frame, slightly lifting the frame, and moving forwards until the ridge is planted, and trimming the ridge surface and the ridge to flatten the ridge surface and the ridge;

s3: a broadcast sowing method: digging the upper soil of the ridge bed to the operation channel with the depth of 3-5cm, uniformly scattering small seeds on the ridge surface, keeping the plant spacing at 1-1.cm, and covering the surface soil on the operation channel on the bed with the thickness of about 3-5 cm; leveling the ridge surface, slightly raising the middle part of the ridge surface, and covering head covering manure with the thickness of 2-3cm on the ridge surface, preferably using stable manure, wherein the planting amount is 0.25kg/m square.

The planting method for seed propagation comprises the following steps:

s1: seed collection: planting a plant for seed collection by using a large whole bulb, wherein the diameter of the bulb is more than 2cm, the ground is withered in 6 middle-month days, and the fruit is mature; pulling out the stems, bundling into small bundles, and drying in shade for 3-10 days or harvesting the fruits for sowing; if the storage time is too long, the germination capacity is reduced or lost; when the fritillary fruits are mature, the seed embryos do not mature, and an after-ripening stage is needed; requiring a 3cm deep soil layer, the temperature is about 20 ℃, more than 50 days are needed, and embryos can grow and mature; when the soil temperature of the seed layer is reduced to about 10 ℃, the hypocotyl rapidly extends to form primary roots; the primary root can reach more than 2cm before freezing; because the fritillaria ussuriensis embryo has the physiological dormancy characteristic of the epicotyl, the fritillaria ussuriensis does not sprout and come out of the earth in the current year; after a certain low-temperature period in late autumn or early spring, when the temperature reaches more than 6 ℃ in the early 4 months of the next year, one linear leaf is unearthed;

s2: sowing: the sowing period is in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, and fruit split sowing is adopted; breaking the fruits into 3 petals according to the ovary chamber, and arranging the 3 petals on the prepared ridge surface according to the row spacing of 10cm by 6 cm; then covering fine soil 3-5cm, leveling the bed, slightly pressing with wooden plate, covering with a layer of grass or sunshade plant to keep moisture and reduce temperature, and sowing amount is 140/m square;

s3: seedling stage management: in the last 10 th month of sowing, a certain soil humidity is mainly kept in the period, the soil should be watered in time when the soil is dry, and the water drainage needs to be paid attention in rainy season; after sowing, the surface of the ridge is kept free of weeds, and the temperature and the humidity are high in the period which is just the season of weeds growing, so that the weeds need to be removed in time; preferably, after sowing, covering a layer of soil on the ridge surface to prevent weeds from breeding; a layer of decomposed stable manure can be laid on the furrow surface in the late 10 th month to play the roles of moisturizing, cold proofing and topdressing; filling the frozen water again before freezing, mainly preventing spring drought;

in the spring of the next year, in the late 3 months, the windbreak is clamped, so that the windbreak has good microclimate, the temperature and the humidity of a small environment are improved, the early seedling emergence is promoted, and the windbreak can be prevented; the seedling is just in spring drought season, so water must be frequently irrigated to meet the requirement of water; frequently loosening soil and removing seedlings, and keeping the surface of the ridge free of weeds; after the young scallops of the Pingbei wither, uniformly spreading the young Pingbei by using a rake; covering a layer of soil on the ridge surface to facilitate later growth; sunshade crops or cover grass can be planted on the surface of the greenhouse to preserve heat and reduce temperature so as to be beneficial to getting over summer.

The weeding and loosening is to plant shading crops in an intercropping mode after planting and weed and loosen the soil at the same time; the loose soil is not suitable to be too deep, so that underground bulbs are not damaged, and the early removal and the small removal are required for weeding; in next spring, before the seedling emergence of fritillaria ussuriensis, cleaning a garden and picking out impurities; removing weeds at any time after emergence of seedlings;

the irrigation and drainage ditch is dug or cleaned before the irrigation and drainage enter the rainy season, and the irrigation or sprinkling irrigation is carried out for 2-3 times according to the drought condition of soil in spring, so that the ground temperature can be reduced, the growth period of 5-10 days is prolonged, and the growth of fritillaria ussuriensis is facilitated;

the top dressing is generally carried out 2-3 years after the cultivation, 1-2 times of top dressing is needed in the period, and a certain quick-acting fertilizer is preferably applied; in the first time of leaf expanding, 150kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate is applied; after picking buds for the second time, applying diammonium hydrogen phosphate 150kg/hm2 and calcium superphosphate 75-112.5kg/hm2 or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 75k g/hm2 before blooming; after top dressing, the watering effect is better, and in autumn, the bed surface is coated with head covering manure with the thickness of 2-3 cm;

the bud is picked out when the flower is thinned, the bulb is used as a medicine for the Pingbei, the vegetative growth is converted into reproductive growth after the flower blooms and fruits, a large amount of nutrient substances are consumed, and the growth of the bulb is not facilitated; after the buds are picked, the nutrient consumption is reduced, the growth of bulbs is facilitated, and the yield can be improved by 20-50%; picking buds is generally carried out when the buds are about to open;

the growing period of the planted shading crop fritillaria cirrhosa is about 60 days, and other crops are planted among fritillaria cirrhosa in order to improve the land utilization rate and create cool conditions for safe summer of fritillaria cirrhosa; one row of corns or sunflowers can be planted between beds or beside beds, and the planting can be carried out according to the planting distance of normal corn and sunflower production fields.

The rust occurs in late 5 months; the control method comprises the following steps: after the overground plants wither, the field needs to be thoroughly cleaned in time, weeds and diseased plants are removed, and the plants are intensively buried or burnt to keep the field sanitary; the diseased leaves are removed at the early stage of disease occurrence to control the disease spread; spraying 500 times of carbendazim solution and 2000 times of triadimefon solution to the seedlings after the fritillary bulbs wither for one time respectively to sterilize the soil, and spraying 1000 times of triadimefon solution after the fritillary bulbs spread leaves, wherein the control effect is more than 95%;

said sclerotinia can occur in 4-9 months; the prevention method comprises the following steps: timely digging out the diseased plants, spreading a circle of lime around the diseased plants for sealing, then replacing new soil, and performing replanting; 500 times of sclerotium, carbendazim and procymidone liquid medicine can be used for irrigating the affected area;

the gray mold occurs in 3-5 middle of the month; the prevention method comprises the following steps: reasonably close planting, removing weeds, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer additionally, enhancing soil loosening and weeding in high-temperature rainy seasons, reducing the temperature and humidity of soil, improving the disease resistance, and spraying 600 times of zineb or 100 times of bordeaux or 500 times of trichlamic;

the golden insects harm seedlings and young stems; the control method comprises the following steps: preparing 1000 times of dipterex solution into a poisonous grain for trapping and killing; injecting 700 times of phoxim or 700 and 1000 times of trichlorfon in the seedling stage;

the cutworm prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps: removing weeds and reducing insect sources, and spreading 7.5-15kg of dipterex powder to the seedbed per hectare; mixing Chinese cabbage with trichlorfon powder, and scattering into bed at night for trapping and killing;

the prevention and treatment method of the mole cricket comprises the following steps: trapping and killing the poisonous grains; 10kg of half-cooked millet is added with 0.1kg of 90 percent trichlorfon for trapping and killing.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, through land selection and preparation, nutrients in soil are fully utilized when the fritillary is planted, and meanwhile, the waste condition of the soil is reduced; the cultivation by the propagation method is convenient for the propagation of the fritillary, and is also more beneficial for the fritillary to absorb nutrition so as to ensure that the fritillary grows better; through field management and pest control, the growth of the fritillary can be reduced under the influence of external factors when the fritillary grows.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described below.

A pollution-free cultivation method of Pingbei is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:

s1: selecting land: selecting black oil sandy soil and butter sandy soil which face to the sun and lee, have sufficient moisture, good drainage, are fertile and loose and are rich in humus; the subacid and neutral soil is selected, the slope of the mountain land is not more than 12 degrees, the mountain side slope land with the ground cover plant mainly containing the broad-leaved tree species is the best, or the three-dimensional cultivation can be carried out under the broad-leaved tree species forest with later leaves;

s2: land preparation: turning over the land in spring or autumn with a ploughing depth of 0.2-0.3m, removing stones, tree roots and impurities, then breaking stones, airing, raking, finely leveling and making beds before sowing; the width of the ridge is 1-1.2m, the length of the ridge depends on the terrain, the operation channel is 0.1-0.4m, the direction of the ridge is preferably the north-south direction, and the ridge is heated uniformly; firstly measuring the position of a ridge bed, nailing a pile hanging line, shoveling the surface soil in the ridge bed for 10cm, turning the ridge bed to an operation way, flattening the ridge bottom, paving a layer of decomposed manure at the ridge bottom, applying 4000 kg of decomposed manure and 5000kg of manure per mu, wherein the thickness is 5cm, and flattening; covering a layer of bed soil on the base fertilizer for about 2cm according to the degree of manure decomposition and the size of the seeds to be planted, and paving for preparing the seeds to be planted;

s3: the propagation method comprises the following steps: comprises bulb propagation and seed propagation;

s4: field management: comprises weeding, loosening soil, irrigating and draining water, topdressing, thinning flowers and picking buds, and planting shading crops;

s5: and (3) pest control: the plant diseases and insect pests harmful to Pingbei comprise rust disease, gray mold, sclerotinia, wireworm, cutworm and mole cricket; the plant diseases and insect pests have great harm to fritillaria ussuriensis, yield is reduced if the plant diseases and insect pests are light, and the plant diseases and insect pests destroy gardens and stop production if the plant diseases and insect pests are heavy.

The ph value of the soil is 6.3-7.1.

The decomposed manure is preferably pig manure, horse manure and deer manure, and human manure and alkaline manure are avoided.

The bulb propagation is to plant bulbs or natural scale leaves, which is called vegetative propagation; cutting the seeds from the middle ten days of 6 months to the end ten days of 7 months, and planting the seeds on the planted furrows; firstly, the seed cultivation is divided into three parts, namely big, middle and small; the planting method comprises the following steps:

s1: a wood ruler method: firstly, slotting on the furrow according to the depth of the covering soil; then, cutting the furrow in the furrow groove by using a wooden ruler which is made according to the planting line spacing; the row spacing of the large and medium seed plants is 5-10cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm; cutting the plantlets according to the row spacing of 3-5cm, and trying to be uniform; covering soil of 5-6 cm;

s2: the wood frame method comprises the following steps: respectively manufacturing wood boards with the width of 6-8cm and the thickness of 1-1.5cm into two specifications of wood frames in a square of one meter as a ruler during planting; drawing thin iron wires on the wood frames according to the width of 4.5cm or 6cm respectively to be used as line spacing lines; selecting wood frame rulers with different specifications according to the size of the seed cut during planting, planting from one end of the furrow, downwards arranging bulbs, sequentially carrying out the seed cut according to the line spacing and the plant spacing of 5cm in the frame, fully planting the frame, covering the seed with surface soil turned over the operation channel, flattening the thickness of the soil and the wood frame, slightly lifting the frame, and moving forwards until the ridge is planted, and trimming the ridge surface and the ridge to flatten the ridge surface and the ridge; the method has standard operation, fast cutting and planting speed and high quality;

slightly compacting after planting by the two methods, slightly raising the ridge to prevent water accumulation, covering with stable manure for 3cm, namely covering manure or covering grass for 5cm, preserving heat, preventing drought, shading sun and cooling; the depression height is about 10cm, the planting amount is 0.5kg/m square in medium planting, and the planting amount is 0.6kg/m square in large planting; s3: a broadcast sowing method: digging the upper soil of the ridge bed to the operation channel with the depth of 3-5cm, uniformly scattering small seeds on the ridge surface, keeping the plant spacing at 1-1.cm, and covering the surface soil on the operation channel on the bed with the thickness of about 3-5 cm; leveling the ridge surface, slightly raising the middle part of the ridge surface, and covering head covering manure with the thickness of 2-3cm on the ridge surface, preferably using stable manure, wherein the planting amount is 0.25kg/m square.

The planting method for seed propagation comprises the following steps:

s1: seed collection: planting a plant for seed collection by using a large whole bulb, wherein the diameter of the bulb is more than 2cm, the ground is withered in 6 middle-month days, and the fruit is mature; pulling out the stems, bundling into small bundles, and drying in shade for 3-10 days or harvesting the fruits for sowing; if the storage time is too long, the germination capacity is reduced or lost; when the fritillary fruits are mature, the seed embryos do not mature, and an after-ripening stage is needed; requiring a 3cm deep soil layer, the temperature is about 20 ℃, more than 50 days are needed, and embryos can grow and mature; when the soil temperature of the seed layer is reduced to about 10 ℃, the hypocotyl rapidly extends to form primary roots; the primary root can reach more than 2cm before freezing; because the fritillaria ussuriensis embryo has the physiological dormancy characteristic of the epicotyl, the fritillaria ussuriensis does not sprout and come out of the earth in the current year; after a certain low-temperature period in late autumn or early spring, when the temperature reaches more than 6 ℃ in the early 4 months of the next year, one linear leaf is unearthed;

s2: sowing: the sowing period is in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, and fruit split sowing is adopted; breaking the fruits into 3 petals according to the ovary chamber, and arranging the 3 petals on the prepared ridge surface according to the row spacing of 10cm by 6 cm; then covering fine soil 3-5cm, leveling the bed, slightly pressing with wooden plate, covering with a layer of grass or sunshade plant to keep moisture and reduce temperature, and sowing amount is 140/m square;

s3: seedling stage management: in the last 10 th month of sowing, a certain soil humidity is mainly kept in the period, the soil should be watered in time when the soil is dry, and the water drainage needs to be paid attention in rainy season; after sowing, the surface of the ridge is kept free of weeds, and the temperature and the humidity are high in the period which is just the season of weeds growing, so that the weeds need to be removed in time; preferably, after sowing, covering a layer of soil on the ridge surface to prevent weeds from breeding; a layer of decomposed stable manure can be laid on the furrow surface in the late 10 th month to play the roles of moisturizing, cold proofing and topdressing; filling the frozen water again before freezing, mainly preventing spring drought;

in the spring of the next year, in the late 3 months, the windbreak is clamped, so that the windbreak has good microclimate, the temperature and the humidity of a small environment are improved, the early seedling emergence is promoted, and the windbreak can be prevented; the seedling is just in spring drought season, so water must be frequently irrigated to meet the requirement of water; frequently loosening soil and removing seedlings, and keeping the surface of the ridge free of weeds; after the young scallops of the Pingbei wither, uniformly spreading the young Pingbei by using a rake; covering a layer of soil on the ridge surface to facilitate later growth; sunshade crops or cover grass can be planted on the surface of the greenhouse to preserve heat and reduce temperature so as to be beneficial to getting over summer.

The weeding and loosening is to plant shading crops in an intercropping mode after planting and weed and loosen the soil at the same time; the loose soil is not suitable to be too deep, so that underground bulbs are not damaged, and the early removal and the small removal are required for weeding; in next spring, before the seedling emergence of fritillaria ussuriensis, cleaning a garden and picking out impurities; removing weeds at any time after emergence of seedlings;

the irrigation and drainage ditch is dug or cleaned before the irrigation and drainage enter the rainy season, and the irrigation or sprinkling irrigation is carried out for 2-3 times according to the drought condition of soil in spring, so that the ground temperature can be reduced, the growth period of 5-10 days is prolonged, and the growth of fritillaria ussuriensis is facilitated;

the top dressing is generally carried out 2-3 years after the cultivation, 1-2 times of top dressing is needed in the period, and a certain quick-acting fertilizer is preferably applied; in the first time of leaf expanding, 150kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate is applied; after picking buds for the second time, applying diammonium hydrogen phosphate 150kg/hm2 and calcium superphosphate 75-112.5kg/hm2 or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 75k g/hm2 before blooming; after top dressing, the watering effect is better, and in autumn, the bed surface is coated with head covering manure with the thickness of 2-3 cm;

the bud is picked out when the flower is thinned, the bulb is used as a medicine for the Pingbei, the vegetative growth is converted into reproductive growth after the flower blooms and fruits, a large amount of nutrient substances are consumed, and the growth of the bulb is not facilitated; after the buds are picked, the nutrient consumption is reduced, the growth of bulbs is facilitated, and the yield can be improved by 20-50%; picking buds is generally carried out when the buds are about to open;

the growing period of the planted shading crop fritillaria cirrhosa is about 60 days, and other crops are planted among fritillaria cirrhosa in order to improve the land utilization rate and create cool conditions for safe summer of fritillaria cirrhosa; one row of corns or sunflowers can be planted between beds or beside beds, and the planting can be carried out according to the planting distance of normal corn and sunflower production fields.

The rust occurs in late 5 months; the control method comprises the following steps: after the overground plants wither, the field needs to be thoroughly cleaned in time, weeds and diseased plants are removed, and the plants are intensively buried or burnt to keep the field sanitary; the diseased leaves are removed at the early stage of disease occurrence to control the disease spread; spraying 500 times of carbendazim solution and 2000 times of triadimefon solution to the seedlings after the fritillary bulbs wither for one time respectively to sterilize the soil, and spraying 1000 times of triadimefon solution after the fritillary bulbs spread leaves, wherein the control effect is more than 95%;

said sclerotinia can occur in 4-9 months; the prevention method comprises the following steps: timely digging out the diseased plants, spreading a circle of lime around the diseased plants for sealing, then replacing new soil, and performing replanting; 500 times of sclerotium, carbendazim and procymidone liquid medicine can be used for irrigating the affected area;

the gray mold occurs in 3-5 middle of the month; the prevention method comprises the following steps: reasonably close planting, removing weeds, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer additionally, enhancing soil loosening and weeding in high-temperature rainy seasons, reducing the temperature and humidity of soil, improving the disease resistance, and spraying 600 times of zineb or 100 times of bordeaux or 500 times of trichlamic;

the golden insects harm seedlings and young stems; the control method comprises the following steps: preparing 1000 times of dipterex solution into a poisonous grain for trapping and killing; injecting 700 times of phoxim or 700 and 1000 times of trichlorfon in the seedling stage;

the cutworm prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps: removing weeds and reducing insect sources, and spreading 7.5-15kg of dipterex powder to the seedbed per hectare; mixing Chinese cabbage with trichlorfon powder, and scattering into bed at night for trapping and killing;

the prevention and treatment method of the mole cricket comprises the following steps: trapping and killing the poisonous grains; 10kg of half-cooked millet is added with 0.1kg of 90 percent trichlorfon for trapping and killing.

According to the invention, through land selection and preparation, nutrients in soil are fully utilized when the fritillary is planted, and meanwhile, the waste condition of the soil is reduced; the cultivation by the propagation method is convenient for the propagation of the fritillary, and is also more beneficial for the fritillary to absorb nutrition so as to ensure that the fritillary grows better; through field management and pest control, the growth of the fritillary can be reduced under the influence of external factors when the fritillary grows.

The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A pollution-free cultivation method of Pingbei is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:

s1: selecting land: selecting black oil sandy soil and butter sandy soil which face to the sun and lee, have sufficient moisture, good drainage, are fertile and loose and are rich in humus; the subacid and neutral soil is selected, the slope of the mountain land is not more than 12 degrees, the mountain side slope land with the ground cover plant mainly containing the broad-leaved tree species is the best, or the three-dimensional cultivation can be carried out under the broad-leaved tree species forest with later leaves;

s2: land preparation: turning over the land in spring or autumn with a ploughing depth of 0.2-0.3m, removing stones, tree roots and impurities, then breaking stones, airing, raking, finely leveling and making beds before sowing; the width of the ridge is 1-1.2m, the length of the ridge depends on the terrain, the operation channel is 0.1-0.4m, the direction of the ridge is preferably the north-south direction, and the ridge is heated uniformly; firstly measuring the position of a ridge bed, nailing a pile hanging line, shoveling the surface soil in the ridge bed for 10cm, turning the ridge bed to an operation way, flattening the ridge bottom, paving a layer of decomposed manure at the ridge bottom, applying 4000 kg of decomposed manure and 5000kg of manure per mu, wherein the thickness is 5cm, and flattening; covering a layer of bed soil on the base fertilizer for about 2cm according to the degree of manure decomposition and the size of the seeds to be planted, and paving for preparing the seeds to be planted;

s3: the propagation method comprises the following steps: comprises bulb propagation and seed propagation;

s4: field management: comprises weeding, loosening soil, irrigating and draining water, topdressing, thinning flowers and picking buds, and planting shading crops;

s5: and (3) pest control: the plant diseases and insect pests harmful to Pingbei comprise rust disease, gray mold, sclerotinia, wireworm, cutworm and mole cricket; the plant diseases and insect pests have great harm to fritillaria ussuriensis, yield is reduced if the plant diseases and insect pests are light, and the plant diseases and insect pests destroy gardens and stop production if the plant diseases and insect pests are heavy.

2. The pollution-free cultivation method of fritillary as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ph value of the soil is 6.3-7.1.

3. The pollution-free cultivation method of fritillary as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the decomposed manure is preferably pig manure, horse manure and deer manure, and human manure and alkaline manure are avoided.

4. The pollution-free cultivation method of fritillary as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bulb propagation is to plant bulbs or natural scale leaves, which is called vegetative propagation; cutting the seeds from the middle ten days of 6 months to the end ten days of 7 months, and planting the seeds on the planted furrows; firstly, the seed cultivation is divided into three parts, namely big, middle and small; the planting method comprises the following steps:

s1: a wood ruler method: firstly, slotting on the furrow according to the depth of the covering soil; then, cutting the furrow in the furrow groove by using a wooden ruler which is made according to the planting line spacing; the row spacing of the large and medium seed plants is 5-10cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm; cutting the plantlets according to the row spacing of 3-5cm, and trying to be uniform; covering soil of 5-6 cm;

s2: the wood frame method comprises the following steps: respectively manufacturing wood boards with the width of 6-8cm and the thickness of 1-1.5cm into two specifications of wood frames in a square of one meter as a ruler during planting; drawing thin iron wires on the wood frames according to the width of 4.5cm or 6cm respectively to be used as line spacing lines; selecting wood frame rulers with different specifications according to the size of the seed cut during planting, planting from one end of the furrow, downwards arranging bulbs, sequentially carrying out the seed cut according to the line spacing and the plant spacing of 5cm in the frame, fully planting the frame, covering the seed with surface soil turned over the operation channel, flattening the thickness of the soil and the wood frame, slightly lifting the frame, and moving forwards until the ridge is planted, and trimming the ridge surface and the ridge to flatten the ridge surface and the ridge;

s3: a broadcast sowing method: digging the upper soil of the ridge bed to the operation channel with the depth of 3-5cm, uniformly scattering small seeds on the ridge surface, keeping the plant spacing at 1-1.cm, and covering the surface soil on the operation channel on the bed with the thickness of about 3-5 cm; leveling the ridge surface, slightly raising the middle part of the ridge surface, and covering head covering manure with the thickness of 2-3cm on the ridge surface, preferably using stable manure, wherein the planting amount is 0.25kg/m square.

5. The pollution-free cultivation method of fritillary as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the planting method for seed propagation comprises the following steps:

s1: seed collection: planting a plant for seed collection by using a large whole bulb, wherein the diameter of the bulb is more than 2cm, the ground is withered in 6 middle-month days, and the fruit is mature; pulling out the stems, bundling into small bundles, and drying in shade for 3-10 days or harvesting the fruits for sowing; if the storage time is too long, the germination capacity is reduced or lost; when the fritillary fruits are mature, the seed embryos do not mature, and an after-ripening stage is needed; requiring a 3cm deep soil layer, the temperature is about 20 ℃, more than 50 days are needed, and embryos can grow and mature; when the soil temperature of the seed layer is reduced to about 10 ℃, the hypocotyl rapidly extends to form primary roots; the primary root can reach more than 2cm before freezing; because the fritillaria ussuriensis embryo has the physiological dormancy characteristic of the epicotyl, the fritillaria ussuriensis does not sprout and come out of the earth in the current year; after a certain low-temperature period in late autumn or early spring, when the temperature reaches more than 6 ℃ in the early 4 months of the next year, one linear leaf is unearthed;

s2: sowing: the sowing period is in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, and fruit split sowing is adopted; breaking the fruits into 3 petals according to the ovary chamber, and arranging the 3 petals on the prepared ridge surface according to the row spacing of 10cm by 6 cm; then covering fine soil 3-5cm, leveling the bed, slightly pressing with wooden plate, covering with a layer of grass or sunshade plant to keep moisture and reduce temperature, and sowing amount is 140/m square;

s3: seedling stage management: in the last 10 th month of sowing, a certain soil humidity is mainly kept in the period, the soil should be watered in time when the soil is dry, and the water drainage needs to be paid attention in rainy season; after sowing, the surface of the ridge is kept free of weeds, and the temperature and the humidity are high in the period which is just the season of weeds growing, so that the weeds need to be removed in time; preferably, after sowing, covering a layer of soil on the ridge surface to prevent weeds from breeding; a layer of decomposed stable manure can be laid on the furrow surface in the late 10 th month to play the roles of moisturizing, cold proofing and topdressing; filling the frozen water again before freezing, mainly preventing spring drought;

in the spring of the next year, in the late 3 months, the windbreak is clamped, so that the windbreak has good microclimate, the temperature and the humidity of a small environment are improved, the early seedling emergence is promoted, and the windbreak can be prevented; the seedling is just in spring drought season, so water must be frequently irrigated to meet the requirement of water; frequently loosening soil and removing seedlings, and keeping the surface of the ridge free of weeds; after the young scallops of the Pingbei wither, uniformly spreading the young Pingbei by using a rake; covering a layer of soil on the ridge surface to facilitate later growth; sunshade crops or cover grass can be planted on the surface of the greenhouse to preserve heat and reduce temperature so as to be beneficial to getting over summer.

6. The pollution-free cultivation method of fritillary as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the weeding and loosening is to plant shading crops in an intercropping mode after planting and weed and loosen the soil at the same time; the loose soil is not suitable to be too deep, so that underground bulbs are not damaged, and the early removal and the small removal are required for weeding; in next spring, before the seedling emergence of fritillaria ussuriensis, cleaning a garden and picking out impurities; removing weeds at any time after emergence of seedlings;

the irrigation and drainage ditch is dug or cleaned before the irrigation and drainage enter the rainy season, and the irrigation or sprinkling irrigation is carried out for 2-3 times according to the drought condition of soil in spring, so that the ground temperature can be reduced, the growth period of 5-10 days is prolonged, and the growth of fritillaria ussuriensis is facilitated;

the top dressing is generally carried out 2-3 years after the cultivation, 1-2 times of top dressing is needed in the period, and a certain quick-acting fertilizer is preferably applied; in the first time of leaf expanding, 150kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate is applied; after picking buds for the second time, applying diammonium hydrogen phosphate 150kg/hm2 and calcium superphosphate 75-112.5kg/hm2 or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 75k g/hm2 before blooming; after top dressing, the watering effect is better, and in autumn, the bed surface is coated with head covering manure with the thickness of 2-3 cm;

the bud is picked out when the flower is thinned, the bulb is used as a medicine for the Pingbei, the vegetative growth is converted into reproductive growth after the flower blooms and fruits, a large amount of nutrient substances are consumed, and the growth of the bulb is not facilitated; after the buds are picked, the nutrient consumption is reduced, the growth of bulbs is facilitated, and the yield can be improved by 20-50%; picking buds is generally carried out when the buds are about to open;

the growing period of the planted shading crop fritillaria cirrhosa is about 60 days, and other crops are planted among fritillaria cirrhosa in order to improve the land utilization rate and create cool conditions for safe summer of fritillaria cirrhosa; one row of corns or sunflowers can be planted between beds or beside beds, and the planting can be carried out according to the planting distance of normal corn and sunflower production fields.

7. The pollution-free cultivation method of fritillary as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rust occurs in late 5 months; the control method comprises the following steps: after the overground plants wither, the field needs to be thoroughly cleaned in time, weeds and diseased plants are removed, and the plants are intensively buried or burnt to keep the field sanitary; the diseased leaves are removed at the early stage of disease occurrence to control the disease spread; spraying 500 times of carbendazim solution and 2000 times of triadimefon solution to the seedlings after the fritillary bulbs wither for one time respectively to sterilize the soil, and spraying 1000 times of triadimefon solution after the fritillary bulbs spread leaves, wherein the control effect is more than 95%;

said sclerotinia can occur in 4-9 months; the prevention method comprises the following steps: timely digging out the diseased plants, spreading a circle of lime around the diseased plants for sealing, then replacing new soil, and performing replanting; 500 times of sclerotium, carbendazim and procymidone liquid medicine can be used for irrigating the affected area;

the gray mold occurs in 3-5 middle of the month; the prevention method comprises the following steps: reasonably close planting, removing weeds, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer additionally, enhancing soil loosening and weeding in high-temperature rainy seasons, reducing the temperature and humidity of soil, improving the disease resistance, and spraying 600 times of zineb or 100 times of bordeaux or 500 times of trichlamic;

the golden insects harm seedlings and young stems; the control method comprises the following steps: preparing 1000 times of dipterex solution into a poisonous grain for trapping and killing; injecting 700 times of phoxim or 700 and 1000 times of trichlorfon in the seedling stage;

the cutworm prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps: removing weeds and reducing insect sources, and spreading 7.5-15kg of dipterex powder to the seedbed per hectare; mixing Chinese cabbage with trichlorfon powder, and scattering into bed at night for trapping and killing;

the prevention and treatment method of the mole cricket comprises the following steps: trapping and killing the poisonous grains; 10kg of half-cooked millet is added with 0.1kg of 90 percent trichlorfon for trapping and killing.