CN102812832B - Method for planting organic flue-cured tobaccos - Google Patents
Method for planting organic flue-cured tobaccos Download PDFInfo
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- CN102812832B CN102812832B CN201210206116.1A CN201210206116A CN102812832B CN 102812832 B CN102812832 B CN 102812832B CN 201210206116 A CN201210206116 A CN 201210206116A CN 102812832 B CN102812832 B CN 102812832B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting organic flue-cured tobaccos. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting an organic flue-cured tobacco planting base; (2) pre-treating the organic flue-cured tobacco planting base; (3) sterilizing, seeding, and raising seedlings; (4) planting the organic flue-cured tobaccos; (5) managing the planted organic flue-cured tobaccos; and (6) harvesting the organic flue-cured tobaccos. The tobaccos produced by the method provided by the invention meet the technical requirements of organic food, and the chemical components in the tobaccos are more coordinated, therefore, the quality of the tobaccos can be enhanced. The method has the following effects that: (1) nicotine, total nitrogen and protein in the organic flue-cured tobaccos, particularly in the upper tobacco leaves, are greatly reduced, and the sugar content of the tobaccos is increased slightly; (2) the total content of aromatic components in the organic flue-cured tobaccos is higher than that of the common tobaccos; and (3) the smoking quality of the organic tobacco leaves is obviously better than that of the common tobaccos, and the appearance quality of the upper tobacco leaves is enhanced significantly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco planting, specifically, relate to the cultivation method of tobacco.
Background technology
Along with social progress, food security enjoys people to pay close attention to.It is more responsive that tobacco safety issue also becomes: being the harmful substance in cigarette smoke on the one hand, is the residual hazard of chemical pesticide on the other hand, and this all can affect people's health; Therefore the greenization of tobacco planting and organise and caused generally attention.The cultivation of organic tobacco is the important means of eliminating tobacco harmful components.
In recent years, the more existing new technical scheme applications of tobacco cultivation technology Chinese patent, No. 200810069035.5 < < fire-cured tobacco cultivation technique mode by concave double-ridge plastic membrane mulching during whole breeding season > > for example, 200910102852.0 the method > > of number < < mono-one-ridge double-row flue-cured tobacco dislocation cultivation, a 201010138375.6 number < < labor-saving flue-cured tobacco cultivation method > > etc., relevant technical paper also has.Up to now, yet there are no the application part of organic tobacco cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of organic flue-cured tobacco, advance the production of organic tobacco leaf, make the flue-cured tobacco of producing meet organic food specification requirement, for people provide safe flue-cured tobacco.
The cultivation method of organic flue-cured tobacco that inventor provides, comprises following content:
(1) selection in organic tobacco planting base
Under adapt circumstance condition, select organic tobacco planting base, alternative condition is: soil fertility is on the upper side medium, in recent years without planting cigarette, planting vegetables history, heavy metal free pollutes, without the Harmful Residue, substantially without damage by disease and insect, organic tobacco leaf Production Regional periphery should have natural enemy habitat, natural enemy activity is provided, lays eggs and the place of living away from home, possess bio-diversity and natural ability of regulation and control;
(2) pretreatment in organic tobacco planting base
Organic grow area peripheral edge arranges the buffering isolation strip of plantation Chinese sorghum or corn, prevents from closing on the drift of the banned substance in plot, guarantees that organic grown place piece is not contaminated; As not using inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide in the first three years in organic tobacco planting base;
(3) sterilize, sow, grow seedlings
Sterilization: booth, seedling-cultivating tray and the Work tool of growing seedlings adopt the method disinfection of the Organic certification licenses such as SOFT SOAP, ethanol; Tobacco seed is sterilized with copper salt solution, notes seedbed and individual disinfection;
Sowing: according to pushing away sowing in 70～75 days before the locality cultivation phase;
Grow seedlings: adopt grow seedlings fertilizer and the matrix that meet organic standard GB/T 19630, other measures of growing seedlings are carried out according to floating seedlings GB/T 25241.2-2010 standard;
(4) plantation of organic flue-cured tobacco
Before transplanting, complete ridging 1-2 week and prepare, before cigarette transplantation of seedlings, adopt large nest deep placement farmyard manure, oil cake to make lower floor's fertilizer, deep placement bonnet earth, keeps railway carriage or compartment face smooth, and grogs is in small, broken bits; With organic commercial fertilizer, make the fertile and thin earth in upper strata and fully mix rear transplanting cigarette seedling thoroughly; Transplanting the ridge two row flue-cured tobacco cultivation patterns of employing or conventional single file ridge plants; According to flue-cured tobacco cultivars feature, rational close planting;
(5) management after organic tobacco planting
When the cigarette strain of organic flue-cured tobacco 50% reaches while buddingging that the flowers are in blossom to center puts, carry out disposable pinching; After pinching, carry out in time manual bud picking, do not use any bud agent that presses down; With rape oil or strong brine, smear and tuck in bud; Artificial or mechanical intertill and clean tillage, controls the generation of weeds; The measure that adopts biological control and artificial control to combine, control disease pest and weed; Do not allow to use synthetic chemical and harmful vegetalitas extract and mineral material;
(6) organic flue-cured tobacco gathers
Maturity of Flue-cured Tobacco reference material specific character, the principle of assurance " bottom leaf timely collecting, middle leaf maturation is gathered, upper leaf Delayed harvest ", gathers by leaf from bottom to top by position; Weather arid should be adopted " dew cigarette "; The ripe chance of tobacco leaf rain is gathered while waiting it again to present mature characteristic after turning green again.
Described in above-mentioned the 1st step, adapt circumstance condition is: base is away from city, industrial and mining area, traffic backbone, industrial pollution source, household garbage field; Environmental quality meets following requirement: 1. soil environment quality meets the secondary standard in GB15618-1995; 2. farmland irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of GB5084; 3. ambient air quality meets the regulation of secondary standard and GB9137 in GB3095-1996.
In the 3rd step of said method, described seed is first seed to be packed in clean cloth bag with copper salt solution sterilization, puts into copper salt solution and rubs immersion 10～15min, and for taking out, clear water is cleaned rear vernalization; After emerging, in nutrient solution, add mantoquita to prevent green alga, described copper salt solution is the solution of copper sulphate.
In the 4th step of said method, the size of described large nest is upper diameter 30cm, base diameter 20cm, dark 20～25cm; The thickness of described deep placement bonnet earth is 8～10cm; The amount of described fertilising is executed farmyard manure 500kg, oil cake 90kg, organic commercial fertilizer 70kg for mu, and amount of nitrogen is controlled at 5.5～7.5kg/ mu; Described ridge two row mode ridge heights are more than 25cm, and between furrow, width is 1.8m; Described organic commercial fertilizer is that to take poultry manure, agricultural crop straw, agricultural byproducts processing fertilizer be organic matter material, adds microbial bacterial agent, through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, organic special fertilizer for tobacco material of forming of the harmless treatment such as heap fermentation; The planting density of described rational close planting is controlled at 1200～1400 plants/acre.
In the 5th step of said method, described artificial control utilizes light, color insect-killing trapping and machinery to catch pests.
In the 6th step of said method, described in gather and should in the morning or carry out the morning, to correctly identify maturity.
Inventor points out: (1) high to nutritive element demand based on tobacco growth, according to tobacco growth situation, under certification authority's authentication scenario, appropriate commodity in use Organic certification organic manure and natural mineral fertilizer, can improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.(2) organic flue-cured tobacco is wanted efficent rotation, forbids continuous cropping; Can not with Solanaceae and vegetable crop rotation.(3) the baking classification after gathering is identical with conventional method.(4) to warehouse, to clean during the storage of organic flue-cured tobacco, and take the control measure of pest; Organic tobacco leaf will be preserved separately.During transportation, use professional means of transport, before loading organic tobacco, it is cleaned, and clear organic sign and explanation on organic tobacco leaf packing material.
The flue-cured tobacco that method provided by the invention is produced meets organic food specification requirement, tobacco leaf intrinsic chemical composition is more coordinated, and quality of tobacco integral body gets a promotion, and effect is: 1. organic tobacco leaf nicotine, total nitrogen, protein obviously decline, upper leaf particularly, sugar content of tobacco rises to some extent; 2. organic tobacco leaf flavor matter total amount is higher than conventional tobacco leaf; 3. organic tobacco leaf sucking quality is to be obviously better than conventional tobacco leaf; Significantly improve upper leaf organoleptic quality.
Embodiment
Embodiment adopts the inventive method to carry out 3 years demonstration plants, and testing result shows, compares with routine, and tobacco leaf intrinsic chemical composition is more coordinated, and quality of tobacco integral body gets a promotion.
The organic flue-cured tobacco intrinsic chemical of table 1 comparison of ingredients
The comparison of the organic flue-cured tobacco sucking quality of table 2
Claims (6)
1. a cultivation method for organic flue-cured tobacco, its feature comprises:
(1) selection in organic tobacco planting base
Under adapt circumstance condition, select organic tobacco planting base, alternative condition is: soil fertility is on the upper side medium, in recent years without planting cigarette, planting vegetables history, heavy metal free pollutes, without the Harmful Residue, substantially without damage by disease and insect, organic tobacco leaf Production Regional periphery should have natural enemy habitat, natural enemy activity is provided, lays eggs and the place of living away from home, possess bio-diversity and natural ability of regulation and control;
(2) pretreatment in organic tobacco planting base
Organic grow area peripheral edge arranges the buffering isolation strip of plantation Chinese sorghum or corn, prevents from closing on the drift of the banned substance in plot, guarantees that organic grown place piece is not contaminated; As not using inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide in the first three years in organic tobacco planting base;
(3) sterilize, sow, grow seedlings
Sterilization: booth, seedling-cultivating tray and the Work tool of growing seedlings adopt the method disinfection of the Organic certification licenses such as SOFT SOAP, ethanol; Tobacco seed is sterilized with copper salt solution, notes seedbed and individual disinfection;
Sowing: according to pushing away sowing in 70～75 days before the locality cultivation phase;
Grow seedlings: adopt grow seedlings fertilizer and the matrix that meet organic standard GB/T 19630, other measures of growing seedlings are carried out according to floating seedlings GB/T 25241.2-2010 standard;
(4) plantation of organic flue-cured tobacco
Before transplanting, complete ridging 1-2 week and prepare, before cigarette transplantation of seedlings, adopt large nest deep placement farmyard manure, oil cake to make lower floor's fertilizer, deep placement bonnet earth, keeps railway carriage or compartment face smooth, and grogs is in small, broken bits; With organic commercial fertilizer, make the fertile and thin earth in upper strata and fully mix rear transplanting cigarette seedling thoroughly; Transplanting the ridge two row flue-cured tobacco cultivation patterns of employing or conventional single file ridge plants; According to flue-cured tobacco cultivars feature, rational close planting;
(5) management after organic tobacco planting
When the cigarette strain of organic flue-cured tobacco 50% reaches while buddingging that the flowers are in blossom to center puts, carry out disposable pinching; After pinching, carry out in time manual bud picking; With rape oil or strong brine, smear and tuck in bud; Artificial or mechanical intertill and clean tillage, controls the generation of weeds; The measure that adopts biological control and artificial control to combine, control disease pest and weed;
(6) organic flue-cured tobacco gathers
Maturity of Flue-cured Tobacco reference material specific character, the principle of assurance " bottom leaf timely collecting, middle leaf maturation is gathered, upper leaf Delayed harvest ", gathers by leaf from bottom to top by position; Weather arid should be adopted " dew cigarette "; The ripe chance of tobacco leaf rain is gathered while waiting it again to present mature characteristic after turning green again.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described in the 1st step, adapt circumstance condition is: base is away from city, industrial and mining area, traffic backbone, industrial pollution source, household garbage field; Environmental quality meets following requirement: 1. soil environment quality meets the secondary standard in GB15618-1995; 2. farmland irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of GB5084; 3. ambient air quality meets the regulation of secondary standard and GB9137 in GB3095-1996.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in the 3rd step, and described seed is first seed to be packed in clean cloth bag with copper salt solution sterilization, puts into copper salt solution and rubs immersion 10～15min, and for taking out, clear water is cleaned rear vernalization; Described copper salt solution is the solution of copper sulphate.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in the 4th step, and the size of described large nest is upper diameter 30cm, base diameter 20cm, dark 20～25cm; The thickness of described deep placement bonnet earth is 8～10cm; The amount of described fertilising is executed farmyard manure 500kg, oil cake 90kg, organic commercial fertilizer 70kg for mu, and amount of nitrogen is controlled at 5.5～7.5kg/ mu; The ridge height of described ridge two row modes is more than 25cm, and between furrow, width is 1.8m; Described organic commercial fertilizer is that to take poultry manure, agricultural crop straw, agricultural byproducts processing fertilizer be organic matter material, adds microbial bacterial agent, through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, organic special fertilizer for tobacco material of forming of the harmless treatment such as heap fermentation; The planting density of described rational close planting is controlled at 1200～1400 plants/acre.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in the 5th step, and described artificial control utilizes light, color insect-killing trapping or machinery to catch pests.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in the 6th step, described in gather in the morning or carry out the morning.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN110214662A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-10 | 湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司 | Make ginger cultural method between a kind of flue-cured tobacco |
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| CN103098645B (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-03-11 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Cultivation method of flue-cured tobacco small strong seedlings |
| CN103548648B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-02-17 | 贵州关岭阿依苗生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of method of floating disc nursery |
| CN103858651B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-09-30 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | A kind of cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars |
| CN104041277B (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2015-10-21 | 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司 | A kind ofly reduce the crop rotation of field cigarette growing area tobacco leaf chloride ion content and no-tillage method |
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| CN104429463A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 南丹县农业局 | High-yield cultivation method for interplanting autumn sorghum after harvesting of tobacco leaves |
| CN104584839B (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2018-03-13 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | The one south numerous added-generation breeding method for growing tobacco the plant of flat-top ridge duplicate rows high density |
| CN105075647A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Rainwater harvesting and drought resisting transplanting method adopting butterfly-shaped double-row concave ridges with large pits for deep application and used for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105191649B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-12-19 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | A kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality |
| CN106717919A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 蒋加文 | A kind of capsicum semicircle ridge planting method |
| CN107711394B (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2021-08-13 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method of aromatic tobacco Prilep variety |
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| CN110214662A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-10 | 湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司 | Make ginger cultural method between a kind of flue-cured tobacco |
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