CN104585137A - Method for preventing and curing tobacco pests by ladybird breeding via fennel aphids in field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for using fennel aphids to propagate ladybugs and biologically control tobacco pests in the field: plant fennel around the field (field ridge and/or open space) where tobacco is planted, use fennel as a host plant for aphid propagation, and use aphids as ladybugs Food for insects, cultivate fennel plants, reproduce aphids, inoculate and reproduce ladybugs, and amplify and reproduce ladybugs for controlling aphids and whitefly in tobacco fields, which are important pests of tobacco crops and/or whiteflies. to continuous control. The method provided by the invention ensures the safe production of green tobacco leaves or organic tobacco leaves, and achieves remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

The method of using fennel aphids to breed ladybugs in the field to control tobacco pests

technical field

The invention relates to the field of biological control of agricultural pests, in particular to a method for using anise aphids to reproduce ladybugs in the field to control tobacco pests.

Background technique

In recent years, with the rapid development of modern tobacco agriculture, Yunnan Province is making every effort to create a "ecological, characteristic, high-quality, safe" tobacco leaf brand based on its unique ecological environment advantages. In this new development period, the biological control of tobacco pests and diseases is increasingly popular Widespread attention.

Biological control is an important part of the integrated management system of crop diseases and insect pests. Among them, pest biological control refers to the method of using organisms and their products to control pests; including the traditional use of natural enemies (that is, "using insects to control insects") and the use of insect sterility, insect hormones and pheromones that have appeared in recent years.

The application of biological control technology has the advantages of no pollution to the environment, quality and safety for humans, animals and agricultural products, and no side effects on crops. more and more attention at home and abroad.

On tobacco crops, the species of tobacco aphid is Myzus persicae (Sulzer); its host plant has more than 350 species; it occurs from the cross stage of tobacco seedlings to the top leaf harvesting stage, and its damage peak occurs in the cluster To flourish for a long time; the rate of pests reaches 100%, and the loss of flue-cured tobacco leaves per mu is 13.9 kg with poor control. The worm is also the vector of viral diseases and arbuscular diseases, and is the inducer of soot disease. Aphids reproduce by parthenogenesis all the year round, and there are 30 to 40 generations in Yunnan every year.

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) is a polyphagous leaf-sucking pest and a virus disease vector. Its host plants include more than 600 plants in 74 families, and it has become a worldwide catastrophic pest; in subtropical regions, its annual There are 10-12 overlapping generations, and the population peak occurs almost every month.

In the process of biological control of pests, their natural enemies include three groups: parasitic organisms, predatory organisms and pathogenic microorganisms. Among them, as far as the biological control of tobacco aphids is concerned, the more familiar parasitic natural enemy is the tobacco aphid cocoon peak. The Chinese patent whose patent publication number is CN102301982A discloses the use of two kinds of facilities, a seedling-raising greenhouse and a small field shed, with broad beans and peas as host plants for propagating aphids, and using pea aphids as host aphids for propagating Aphids persicae. Braconids are scattered in a large area of tobacco fields to eliminate aphids on tobacco leaves.

However, Aphidius imabilis can only parasitize aphids, and the reproduction cost is high. The survival time of adults of A. Aphids aphids parasitize their eggs, and for tobacco crops, they can only control aphids, and the effect is relatively slow.

Ladybug, the general term for insects of Coccinellidae (Coccinellidae) in the order Coleoptera, is hemispherical in shape and brightly colored. At present, there are more than 6,000 species of ladybugs recorded in the world, and 725 species of ladybugs have been recorded in China; according to preliminary statistics, the number of species of ladybugs in Yunnan is close to 50% of the country's. Ladybugs are insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, and go through four stages in their life: egg, larva (with 4 instars), pupa and adult. In nature, ladybugs can be divided into three categories according to feeding habits: predatory, herbivorous and fungiphagous; among them, 4/5 of ladybugs belong to predatory species, mainly preying on harmful organisms such as aphids, whiteflies, scale insects, and spider mites. Controlling the population of these pests plays an important role, among them are the predatory natural enemies of tobacco aphids and whitefly; more importantly, the adults and larvae of ladybugs have the characteristics of preying on the same prey, and the adults survive for a long time , a wide range of activities, a large amount of predation, and quick results; adults and senior larvae of ladybugs have strong hunger resistance and are easy to transport. So that it occupies an advantageous position in the application of biological control.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the fennel aphid to propagate ladybugs in the field to prevent and control tobacco pests.

In order to realize the object of the invention, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A method of using fennel aphids to propagate ladybugs and biologically control tobacco pests in the field: plant fennel around fields (field ridges and/or open spaces) where tobacco is planted, use fennel as a host plant for aphid propagation, and use aphids as food for ladybugs, After cultivating fennel plants, propagating aphids, inoculating and propagating ladybugs, the ladybugs used to control aphids and whiteflies in tobacco fields are amplified and propagated, and play a continuous role in controlling tobacco important pests of tobacco aphids and/or whiteflies .

Further, the aphids are selected from one or more of Dysaphis foeniculus, Cavariella aegopodii, Aphis gossypii, Semiaphis heraclei and Hyadaphis coriandri.

Preferably, two or more combinations of Dysaphis foeniculus, Cavariella aegopodii, Semiaphis heraclei and Hyadaphis coriandri have the best effect.

Furthermore, the specific steps of the method are as follows:

(1) Cultivate fennel plants: sow fennel seeds on the ridges and open spaces around the field where tobacco is to be planted to allow them to grow and develop;

(2) Propagation of aphids: use fennel as a host plant for aphid propagation, so that naturally occurring aphids can grow and reproduce naturally;

Or when fennel seedlings are settled, the population of aphids is expanded by artificial inoculation;

(3) Inoculation and reproduction of ladybugs: the egg card/egg mass, pupa or adults of ladybugs are artificially inoculated on the fennel plants to expand the population of ladybugs;

(4) Prevention and treatment of important pests of tobacco crops, aphids and whitefly: when the population of ladybugs artificially inoculated on fennel crops increases rapidly, the population of aphids decreases rapidly due to predation, and the tobacco seedlings are transplanted into tobacco fields. Later, the population of aphids and/or bemisia tabaci gradually increases with the growth of tobacco; the population of ladybugs artificially multiplied will automatically move into the tobacco field, when ladybugs: aphids or whitefly=1: From 100 to 1000, ladybugs played a continuous control role on aphids and whitefly.

The number of inoculations of the ladybugs is determined according to the population occurrence of aphids on the fennel, preferably, ladybugs: aphids=1:50～300.

Wherein, the ladybug is selected from one or more kinds of ladybug, ladybug seven-spot, ladybug moire or ladybug scutellaria.

Preferably, the ladybug is one or more of the ladybug heterochromia, ladybug tortoide or ladybug saberhorn. Because the heterochromia, tortoise and knife-horned ladybug are more adaptable than the seven-spot ladybug, so choosing the heterochromia, tortoise or knife-horned ladybug has the best technical effect.

Further, when the population of fennel aphids is insufficient under natural conditions (when there are less than 5 aphids on each fennel crop), when fennel seedlings are fixed, the population of aphids is expanded by artificial inoculation, and the artificial inoculation is Fennel plants are inoculated with 5 to 50 aphids.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention has learned through years of systematic research that the aphid species on fennel crops [Dysaphis foeniculus (Theobald, 1923), Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli, 1763), Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, carrot Microtube aphid Semiaphis heraclei (Takahashi, 1921), coriander bright aphid Hyadaphiscoriandri (Das, 1918)] will not harm tobacco crops; tobacco aphid Myzuspersicae (Sulzer), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) on tobacco crops will not harm either Fennel crop.

And the ladybug can endure hunger for about a week, and the transportation is convenient; the ladybug has a long survival time, a wide range of activities, and a large amount of predation, and the control of tobacco aphids is effective; Ladybugs can reduce the per-mu cost of controlling aphids by 10% to 15%. At the same time, from the perspective of the types of pests controlled, aphid cocoon peaks can only parasitize aphids, while ladybugs can prey on aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs, and harmful mites. And other pests, large food intake, obvious insect control, good effect.

Fennel crops are planted in the ridges and open spaces around the fields where tobacco is to be planted. The artificial creation of this harmonious modern tobacco agricultural ecological relationship provides favorable conditions for the artificial large-scale reproduction of ladybugs in the field and the control of aphids and whiteflies; through In recent years, the specific implementation of this technology has achieved sustainable control of aphids and whiteflies, ensured the safe production of green or organic tobacco leaves in our province, and achieved significant economic, social and ecological benefits.

Detailed ways

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

The planting of embodiment 1 fennel

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), also known as fennel, fennel, coriander, is a plant of the Umbelliferae family, which is in the same family as celery and carrots. Fennel is a perennial herb, the whole plant has a special spicy taste; the stem is erect, cylindrical, the root is taproot, potassium-loving, the root system is developed, deep into the soil, the leaves are filamentous, the leaves can reach 40 cm, and the plant height is about 2 meters , it is drought-resistant, salt-alkali-resistant, likes high temperature and strong light, is afraid of rain, has strong adaptability, and is not strict with the soil; it blooms yellow flowers in summer and autumn, compound umbels, and 5-15 cm umbrellas have 20-50 small flowers; Oval yellow-green fruit, the seed is in the shape of a rice grain, 4-9 mm long, with a specific aroma, and the young leaves can be used as vegetables; the fruit is used as spices and also for medicinal purposes, and the roots, leaves, and whole plants can be used as medicine. The flowering period of fennel is generally from June to September, and the fruiting period is October.

The origin of fennel is the Mediterranean region, and it is widely cultivated in various parts of my country, with strong adaptability. It is mainly cultivated in spring and autumn in northern my country. (Open Field Cultivation) Spring sowing: late March to early April, harvested in mid-to-late May; autumn sowing: July to August, harvested in September. In the south, spring sowing is from February to March, and autumn sowing is from September to October; for the purpose of producing steamed fennel oil from stems and leaves, it is suitable for autumn sowing, because the seedlings grow faster after overwintering, and the number of harvests is more than that of spring sowing in that year, and the yield is high. The climate in many areas of Yunnan Province is like spring all year round, and fennel crops can be planted all year round; our related test results in recent years have shown that fennel is one of the most ideal host crops for field breeding of aphids and ladybugs.

Fennel cultivation:

Fennel has a long growth period and requires a large amount of fertilizer. It likes phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Fertilization should be based on base fertilizers. Combined with high-quality organic fertilizers, rare earth phosphorus fertilizers, urea, and potassium sulfate before sowing, they are evenly mixed deep in the soil as base fertilizers, combined with Spray new high-fat film to enhance fertilizer efficiency.

1. Land selection and land preparation

Choose suitable land, apply 45,000 kg of high-quality manure per hectare, plow at a depth of more than 30 cm, rake and level it, and make a flat furrow with a width of 80 cm.

2. Planting method

Fennel is sown between the "spring equinox" and "Qingming". Before sowing, select plump new seeds, soak them in warm water at 40°C for 1-2 hours, take them out, wrap them in gauze bags, put them in a warm place, and rinse them with warm water twice a day. Sow the seeds when they are slightly germinated. In the border, the row spacing is 30-40 cm, the plant spacing is 12-15 cm, and the holes are 3-5 cm deep for hole sowing. About 10 seeds are sown in each hole, and the ground surface is leveled after sowing. Seedlings generally emerge 10 to 15 days after sowing, and the amount of seed per hectare is 22.5 to 30.0 kg, and the yield of seedling transplanting is high.

3. Field management

After the fennel emerges, water it appropriately according to the drought conditions to keep the border surface moist at the seedling stage. Combined with intertillage and weeding, the seedlings can be thinned when the height of the seedlings is 6-8 cm, and the seedlings can be fixed when the height of the seedlings is more than 15 cm; when the height of the seedlings is 30 cm, topdressing is carried out, mainly with quick-acting organic fertilizers, and superphosphate is added. Water when there is a drought, and drain waterlogging in time during the rainy season to prevent root rot.

Inoculation and propagation of embodiment 2 fennel aphid

In the experimental base, one of the species of aphids used to multiply ladybugs, the fennel aphid, was obtained from the Institute of Environmental Resources and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Panlong District, Kunming City, Zhuangke Experimental Base in Dianyuan Town, and Hongta Yuxi Manor ( Fengwo Garden) and other different propagation points collected fennel aphid specimens, and in August 2013, they were sent to the authoritative domestic aphid identification institution - the National Museum of Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (identifier: Professor Georg Xia) for identification of its species. They are five genera and five species of Aphididae, namely: Dysaphis foeniculus (Theobald, 1923), Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli, 1763), cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, carrot microtube aphid Semiaphisheraclei (Takahashi, 1921), Hyadaphis coriandri (Das, 1918).

1. Use scissors, brushes, etc. to collect branches and leaves with fennel aphids (adult aphids, nymphs) from the fennel crops artificially propagating aphids in the insect culture room and supporting greenhouses or small sheds, and put them into moisturizing test tubes and insect culture boxes etc. to be cultivated and transported to the fennel crops on the ridges around the tobacco fields and in the open space that need to be artificially inoculated with aphids.

2. After the fennel crops are established, if the population of aphids on the plants is insufficient (when there are less than 5 aphids on each fennel crop), the population of aphids is expanded by artificial inoculation, and each fennel is inoculated with 5 to 50 aphids. Allow the aphids to reproduce for 3 to 5 days before artificially inoculating the ladybugs.

3. According to the population of fennel crop aphids on the ridges around the tobacco fields and open spaces, artificially inoculate the egg cards/egg masses, pupae or adults of ladybugs on the fennel crops; preferably, ladybugs: aphids=1:50～300.

Inoculation and breeding of embodiment 3 ladybugs

1. Use scissors, writing brushes, test tubes, petri dishes, insect breeding boxes, etc. to collect ladybug egg masses (or make egg cards) from the crops where ladybugs are artificially propagated in the insect culture room and the supporting greenhouses or small sheds, Pupae and adults are cultured with moisture and transported to the fennel crops around the field ridges and open spaces around the tobacco fields that need to be artificially inoculated with ladybugs.

2. According to the number of fennel aphids, 5 to 50 aphids per plant can be artificially inserted on the planted fennel plants, and the aphids can reproduce for 3 to 5 days.

3. Connect the egg card/egg mass, pupa or adult of ladybug to the fennel plant of field planting, and multiply the population quantity of ladybug. : Aphids=1:50～300.

Embodiment 4 The comparison of the predation characteristics of different ladybug species to the fennel aphid

In this example, the research on the predation characteristics of ladybugs, ladybugs, and ladybugs on anise aphids was carried out respectively, which is important for the use of anise aphids to multiply ladybirds and to better control tobacco aphids, whitefly, etc. Pests are important.

1 Materials and methods

1.1 Test material

1.1.1 Raising utensils and equipment for heterochromatic, seven-star, and turtle-shaped ladybugs

Petri dish ( ), glass cylinder ( ), finger glass test tubes ( ), gauze, absorbent cotton, rubber bands, scissors, tweezers, brushes, plastic bottle caps, plastic square plates (45cm×30cm), honey for feeding adults, etc., artificial climate chamber (model: BIC-250; manufacturer: Shanghai Bo Xun Industrial Co., Ltd.).

1.1.2 Sources of tested insects and feeding conditions

In the insect breeding room of the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ladybugs of different colors, seven stars, and tortoises have been cultivated into experimental populations; the breeding conditions in the insect breeding room: temperature is 25±0.5°C, relative humidity is 70±5 %, the photoperiod is 14L:10D.

1.2.3 Test crops and aphid reproduction

Fennel and other crops are planted in greenhouses and open fields of the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and fennel aphids are bred separately to provide sufficient food sources for raising heterochromatic, seven-star, and mole-shaped ladybugs.

1.2 Test method

1.2.1 The predation amount of 1 Heterochromia, Seven-star, and Moleus ladybug larvae and adults at different ages on anise aphids

In finger glass test tubes ( ), put young fennel leaves in it, moisten it with absorbent cotton, insert and count fennel aphids, seal the opening of the glass cylinder with gauze, and tie it tightly with a rubber band. The population density is set according to the experimental requirements; that is,

(1) Heterochromia: 1st instar larvae receive 5, 10, 15 aphids, 2nd instar larvae receive 5, 10, 15, 20 aphids, 3rd instar larvae receive 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 aphids, 4th instar larvae Larvae received 50, 70, 80, 90, 110, 130 aphids, and adults received 70, 80, 90, 110, 130, 150 aphids.

(2) Seven-star ladybug: 1st instar larvae receive 5, 10, 15 aphids, 2nd instar larvae receive 5, 10, 15, 20 aphids, 3rd instar larvae receive 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 aphids, 4th instar larvae Receive 30, 50, 70, 80, 90, 110 aphids, adults receive 30, 50, 70, 80, 90, 110 aphids.

(3) Moleus ladybug: 1st instar larvae receive 5, 7, 10 aphids, 2nd instar larvae receive 5, 7, 10, 15 aphids, 3rd instar larvae receive 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 aphids, 4th instar larvae Larvae received 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 aphids, and adults received 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 aphids.

Each of the above-mentioned density treatments was replicated 3 times, and each replicate received 10 ladybugs; each tube was connected with 1 to 4th instar larvae or adults of Heterochromia, Seven Star, and Moleus, and 24 hours later, the remaining in each tube was investigated. The number of aphids, and record the temperature and humidity. During the test, the first and second instar ladybug larvae were not treated with starved osmium, and the third and fourth instar ladybug larvae and adults were treated with starved osmium; that is, they were inserted into ladybug starved osmium for 24 hours on the first day of the experiment, and received osmium starved on the second day. The counted fennel aphids were counted, and the number of remaining aphids in each tube was investigated on the third day; finally, the characteristics of preying on fennel aphids by the larvae and adults of different ages of different colors, seven stars, and mole beetles were compared.

1.2.2 Comparison of the predation amount of fennel aphids in each stage of different color, seven-star, and tortoiseshell beetles

At a temperature of 25±0.5°C and a humidity of 75±0.5%, the fennel aphids were used to observe the life history of the heterochromia, seven-star and mole beetles; The number of days (using the number of feeding fennel aphids) to calculate the maximum predation amount and the average predation amount of ladybugs preying on fennel aphids.

2 Results and Analysis

2.1 Comparison of the predation amount of 1 Heterochromia, Seven Star, and Moleus ladybug larvae and adults at different ages on fennel aphids

Table 1 Comparison of the 24-hour predation amount of a Heterochromia, Seven-star, and Moleus larvae and adults on the fennel aphid

Note: Under the conditions of temperature 25±0.5°C and humidity 75±0.5%, each density treatment n=30 heads.

It can be seen from Table 1:

⑴Predation amount of a heterochromatic, seven-star, and turtle-shaped ladybug within 24 hours:

With the increase of the age of ladybug larvae, the number of fennel aphids they prey on increases, and the predation amount of the fourth-instar larvae and adults is the largest; among them, the predation amount of the fourth-instar larvae and adults of Heterochromia is the largest respectively 125 and 143 heads, with an average of 73.6 heads and 89.1 heads.

⑵The predation amount of a heterochromia, seven-star and mole beetle within 24 hours: heterochromia > seven-star ladybug > mole beetle; because the mole beetle is smaller, the predation amount is relatively smaller than that of the heterochromia and ladybugs.

2.2 Comparison of the predation amount of fennel aphids in different stages and lifetimes of different colors, seven stars, and tortoise beetles

Table 2 The maximum predation amount and average predation amount of anise aphids in different stages of ladybug Heterochromia

Note: Under the conditions of temperature 25±0.5°C and humidity 75±0.5%, the maximum predation amount and average predation amount of Heterochromia were calculated.

Table 3 The maximum and average predation amount of anise aphids in different stages of ladybug seven-spotted ladybug

Note: Under the condition of temperature 25±0.5℃ and humidity 75±0.5%, the seven-spot ladybug adopts the highest predation amount and the average predation amount to calculate.

Table 4 The maximum predation amount and average predation amount of fennel aphids in each stage of the ladybug tortoise

Note: Under the condition of temperature 25±0.5℃ and humidity 75±0.5%, the highest predation amount and average predation amount of the ladybug were calculated.

It can be seen from Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4 that:

⑴The amount of predation on the fennel aphid in each stage of the different color, seven star, and tortoise beetle increases with the increase of the age of the insect.

⑵Maximum predation amount of fennel aphids by heterochromatic, seven-star, and tortoise beetles:

Ladybug larva stage: Heterochromia has the largest number of 1125 heads, with an average of 369.9 heads; the second is the seven-spotted lady beetle, with the largest number of 986 heads, with an average of 261.8 heads; On the whole, different colors > seven stars > tortoise pattern.

Ladybug adult stage: Heterochromia has the largest number of 14,872 heads, with an average of 3,758.2 heads; followed by Moleus, with a maximum of 10,974 heads, with an average of 3,464.7 heads (due to the longer adult life of Moleus). It is the seven-star ladybug, the largest number is 6816, and the average number is 1992.8; overall, heterochromia > tortoise pattern > seven-star.

The total amount of predation by ladybugs in their lifetime: the maximum of 15997 heads of heterochromia, with an average of 4128.1 heads; followed by the largest number of 11,430 heads of ladybugs, with an average of 3628.7 heads (due to the long lifespan of the adult ladybugs) ; the last is the seven-star ladybug, the largest number is 7802, and the average is 2254.6; from the overall point of view, heterochromia > tortoise pattern > seven-star.

Therefore, the technical solution of the present invention preferably uses the heterochromia, the mole beetle, etc. as the objects of amplification and reproduction.

Example 5 Research on biological control technology of important tobacco crop pests, aphids and whitefly

1. The predation response of Heterochromia adults to different crop aphids

It can be seen from Table 5 that under the conditions of temperature 25±0.5°C, RH75±0.5%, and light (16L:8D), the predation amount of Heterochromia adults on 10 crops (plants) aphids.

Table 5 Response of Heterochromia adults to predation by aphids of different crops

(n = 30 heads per density treatment)

(1) The relationship between the predation amount of Heterochromia adults and crops

The predation ability of Heterochromia adults on aphids of different crops from strong to weak is as follows: fennel (39.47) > Myanmar osmanthus (38.28) > pea (34.84) > broad bean (30.84) > blue flower (29.96) > lotus white (27.92 )> Kale (25.84)> Bitter vegetable (25.40)> Celery (24.28)> Rapeseed (23.90).

(2) The relationship between the food intake of adult Heterochromia and the morphology of aphids

From fennel to broad bean, the aphids on the first four crops are mostly green aphids without wax powder, or red, black, and light yellow aphids; from blue flowers to rapeseed, the aphids on the last six crops are mostly gray aphids, with Gray wax powder. It can be seen from this that the adults of H. heterochromatia consume more food on powderless green, red, black and light yellow aphids than on gray dusty aphids.

(3) The relationship between the adult food consumption of Heterochromia and the aroma of crops

The aromatic smell on crops attracts ladybugs to prey on aphids. Conversely, the smell of crops such as celery and green onions makes ladybugs not like to prey on the aphids above.

2. The Predation Response of Heterochromia to Bemisia tabaci

1 Materials and methods

1.1 Test material

1.1.1 Rearing utensils and equipment for Heterochromia

Petri dish ( ), glass cylinder ( ), gauze, absorbent cotton, rubber band, scissors, tweezers, writing brush, perforated plastic film, plastic square plate (45cm×30cm), honey for feeding adults, etc., artificial climate chamber (model: BIC-250; manufacturer: Shanghai Boxun Industrial Co., Ltd.). 1.1.2 Sources of tested insects and feeding conditions

In the insect culture room of the Institute of Agricultural Environmental Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heterochromia has been cultivated into an experimental population; the breeding conditions in the insect culture room: temperature is 25±0.5°C, relative humidity is 70±5%, and the photoperiod is 14L:10D.

1.2.3 Test crops

In Kunming (Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Experimental Base, Dianyuan Town Zhuangke Experimental Base, Panlong District, etc.), Yuxi Manor (Fengwo Garden), etc., collected whitefly nymphs on tobacco, tomato, beans and other crops, Provides a source of predatory insects for Heterochromia.

1.2 Test method

1.2.1 Predation amount of adults and larvae of Heterochromia on nymphs of Bemisia tabaci under starvation and non-starvation states

in the Petri dish ( ) into the leaves of counting whitefly nymphs, and moisturized with absorbent cotton, and then covered with a glass cylinder ( ), the glass cylinder mouth is sealed with a perforated plastic film (for moisturizing), and tied tightly with a rubber band; the density of whitefly nymphs is set according to the test requirements, namely:

⑴Heterochromia under the condition of no hunger: ladybug 2nd instar larvae received 10, 20, 30 whitefly nymphs, 3rd instar larvae received 30, 50, 70 whitefly nymphs, 4th instar larvae received 30, 50, There were 70 whitefly nymphs, and the density of ladybug adults was the same as that of the 4th instar.

(2) Heterochromia under starvation conditions: 2nd instar larvae receive 10, 20, 30 whitefly nymphs, 3rd instar larvae receive 30, 50, 70 whitefly nymphs, 4th instar larvae receive 50, 70, 100 whitefly nymphs Lice nymphs, adults receive 30, 50, 70 whitefly nymphs.

(3) During the test, the second-instar ladybugs were not starved for osmium; other instars of ladybugs: ①In the state of no starvation: insert ladybugs and count whitefly nymphs on the first day of the experiment, and observe and record on the second day;② Under the state of starvation: on the first day of the experiment, the ladybugs were fed with starved osmium for 24 hours, on the second day, the counted whitefly nymphs were inserted, and on the third day, observations and records were made. Three repetitions were set for each density treatment, and 10 ladybugs were received in each repetition. Each tube was connected with 1 to 4th instar larvae or adults of Heterochromia, and after 24 hours, the number of remaining whitefly nymphs in each glass tube was investigated, and the temperature and humidity were recorded; finally, the larvae of different ages of Heterochromia were compared , The characteristics of adults preying on whitefly nymphs under starvation and non-starvation conditions.

1.2.2 Predation amount of different numbers of Heterochromia adults and senior larvae on Bemisia tabaci nymphs

The test method is the same as above; the adults and older larvae of Heterochromia are not subjected to starvation treatment, and the density is set according to the test requirements. That is: senior larvae: (1) One senior larva receives 50, 70, 100 whitefly nymphs, (2) Two senior larvae receive 150, 200, 250 whitefly nymphs, (3) Three senior larvae receive 200, 250, 300 whitefly nymphs Nymphs; adults: (1) one adult receives 50, 70, 100 whitefly nymphs, (2) two adults receive 80, 110, 150 whitefly nymphs, (3) three adults receive 200, 250, 300 whitefly nymphs, (4) four The head adult received 150, 250, 400 whitefly nymphs; each density treatment was set for 3 repetitions, and each repetition received 10 ladybugs; After 24 hours, the amount of remaining whitefly nymphs in each glass tube was investigated, and the temperature and humidity were recorded; finally, the characteristics of the different ages of the different ages of the old larvae and adults of the different ages of the whitefly nymphs predated by the whitefly nymphs were investigated.

2 Results and Analysis

2.1 Predation amount of adults and larvae of Heterochromia on nymphs of Bemisia tabaci in the state of starvation and non-starvation of osmium

As can be seen from Table 6 and Table 7, the predation amount of the 3rd and 4th instar larvae, adults and other instar larvae of the heterochromia under starvation and non-starvation conditions are 20 ~55 larvae, the predation amount of the second instar larvae is small; in terms of the overall predation amount, the predation amount of the fourth instar larvae of Heterochromia is the largest, and the predation amount is about 100, with an average of 35.2 and 54.9.

Table 6 Predation amount of adults and larvae of Heterochromia on Bemisia tabaci nymphs in the state of non-starvation

Note: Ladybugs were not starved, and n=30 Bemisia tabaci nymphs were treated at each density.

Table 7 Predation amount of Bemisia tabaci nymphs by Heterochromia larvae at different ages in the state of osmium starvation

Note: Ladybugs were starved, and n=30 Bemisia tabaci nymphs were treated at each density.

2.2 The amount of predation by adults of Heterochromia and 3rd to 4th instar larvae on Bemisia tabaci under the condition of 24h

It can be seen from Table 8 and Table 9 that:

(1) Within 24 hours, the maximum amount of predation by the senior larvae of Heterochromia on B. tabaci nymphs: 92 B. tabaci nymphs in a combination of 1 ladybug, an average of 50.2; 228 in a combination of 2 nymphs, an average of 163.8 head; can prey on about 70% to 80% of whitefly nymphs.

(2) Within 24 hours, the maximum predation amount of adults of Heterochromia on Bemisia tabaci nymphs: 77 Bemisia tabaci nymphs in one ladybug combination, with an average of 43.7; 147 in two combinations, with an average of 75.5 The combination of four ladybugs was 308, with an average of 188.0; among them, the combination of three ladybugs preyed on 296 bemisia tabaci nymphs at most, with an average of 224.7; it could prey on about 60% to 85% of bemisia tabaci nymphs.

(3) Under the condition of the same number of combinations, the nymphs of Bemisia tabaci were predated by older larvae of H. tabaci than adults.

Table 8 The amount of predation of Bemisia tabaci nymphs by the senior larvae of Heterochromia under the condition of 24h

Note: n=30 Bemisia tabaci nymphs for each density treatment, and the senior larvae of ladybugs are the third and fourth instars; the test temperature is 25±0.5°C.

Table 9 The amount of predation of Bemisia tabaci nymphs by adults of Heterochromia under the condition of 24h

Note: n=30 Bemisia tabaci nymphs were treated for each density, and the test temperature was 25±0.5°C.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. field utilizes fennel aphid to breed the method for ladybug control tobacco-plant pest-insect, it is characterized in that, at the field periphery plantation fennel of plantation tobacco, the host plant bred using fennel as aphid, using aphid as the food of ladybug, through cultivating fennel plant, breeding aphid, inoculation reproduction ladybug, amplification breeds the ladybug for vega control cigarette aphid and Bemisia tabaci, plays lasting control action to cigarette aphid and/or Bemisia tabaci.

2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described aphid be selected from fennel western rounded tail aphid Dysaphis foeniculus, dust two tail aphid Cavariella aegopodii, cotten aphid Aphis gossypii, carrot microtubule aphid Semiaphis heraclei and the bright aphid Hyadaphiscoriandri of coriander one or more.

3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described method concrete steps are as follows:

(1) fennel plant is cultivated: on the field periphery ridge preparing plantation tobacco and vacant lot, program request fennel seed, allows it grow;

(2) aphid is bred: the host plant bred using fennel as aphid, makes aphid self-sow breed;

Or when fennel final singling, expanded the population quantity of numerous aphid by the mode of artificial infection;

(3) inoculation reproduction ladybug: the ovum of ladybug card/pieces of an egg, pupa or adult are received on fennel plant, expands the population quantity of numerous ladybug;

(4) tobacco plants important pests cigarette aphid and Bemisia tabaci is prevented and treated: when the ladybug population quantity of artificial infection on fennel crop comparatively fast increases, due to predation, the population quantity of fennel aphid then declines rapidly, and after cigarette transplantation of seedlings to vega, the population quantity of its cigarette aphid and/or Bemisia tabaci progressively increases along with the growth of tobacco; By the ladybug population of mass rearing by vega of automatically moving into, when ladybug: when cigarette aphid or Bemisia tabaci=1:100 ~ 1000, ladybug plays lasting control action to cigarette aphid, Bemisia tabaci.

4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the inoculation quantity of described ladybug is determined, ladybug according to the population generation quantity of aphid on fennel: aphid=1:50 ~ 300.

5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described ladybug be selected from harmonia axyridia, coccinella septempunctata, Propylaea japonica or Serangium japonicum one or more.

6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described ladybug is one or more in harmonia axyridia, Propylaea japonica or Serangium japonicum.

7. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the artificial infection in described step (2) is every strain fennel inoculation 5 ~ 50 aphids.