CN103858651B - A kind of cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars - Google Patents
A kind of cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars Download PDFInfo
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- CN103858651B CN103858651B CN201410120462.7A CN201410120462A CN103858651B CN 103858651 B CN103858651 B CN 103858651B CN 201410120462 A CN201410120462 A CN 201410120462A CN 103858651 B CN103858651 B CN 103858651B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, by changing fertilizer and control lines distance, spacing in the rows, solve that ontogeny under conventional cultivation condition is excessive, group structure is excessively prosperous, ventilation and penetrating light is poor, tobacco leaf can not real ripe and problem that quality of tobacco level, industrial applicability and effective levels are low, improve and coordinate cigarette strain individuality and astogeny level, a cigarette in cultivating, realize the real maturation of tobacco leaf, improve quality of tobacco, plant cigarette benefit and industrial applicability, also can reduce fertilizers input cost simultaneously, realize abridged edition and increase income.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco leaf technical field of cultivation, particularly relate to a kind of cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars.
Background technology
In cured tobacco production, maturity is the first element affecting quality of tobacco and quality, and maturity is high, then tobacco leaf intrinsic chemical composition is coordinated, and aroma quality is good, perfume quantity foot, and institutional framework is loosened, and industrial applicability is good; Suitable amount of nitrogen, the good individual and group structure coordinated are the key factors affecting Maturity of Tobacco Leaf.Cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars is the kind of spread in recent years, has output high, hierarchical organization and the good feature of baking property.
Realizing in process of the present invention, inventor finds that prior art at least exists following problem: this kind to amount of nitrogen and maturity very responsive, in current cultivation production practices, usually occur that amount of nitrogen is bigger than normal, spacing in the rows is partially rare, ontogeny is excessive and the problem such as group structure is unreasonable, cause Maturity of Tobacco Leaf inadequate, cause cured tobacco leaf institutional framework stiff, containing blue or green degree or large, the upper medium grade cigarette ratio of ratio and average price low, have a strong impact on tobacco grower and plant cigarette benefit and industrial applicability.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method controlling ontogeny level, coordinate group structure, improve cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars of Maturity of Tobacco Leaf and quality of tobacco.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, on clayed soil, amount of nitrogen is 15-16 pound/acre, on sand loam soil, amount of nitrogen is 13-14 pound/acre, the 80-85% of amount of nitrogen does base manure row replacement when ridging, and 15-20% topdresses in time transplanting and transplants rear watering for 20-30 days and executes; The line-spacing of cigarette strain is 120cm, and spacing in the rows is 43-48cm, and planting cigarette quantity is 1200-1250 plant/acre.
Clayed soil base manure fertilizer is: nitrogen content is 9%, the fertilizer special for tobacco 105-115 pound/acre of phosphorus content 13.5%, potassium content 22.5%, nitrogen content is 2.5%, the fertilizer 60 pounds/acre of phosphorus content 2.0%, potassium content 0.5%, 50 pounds/acre, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of phosphorous 15%, 10 pounds/acre, the potassium nitrate of nitrogen content 13.5%, potassium content 46%.
Sand loam soil base manure fertilizer is: nitrogen content is 9%, the fertilizer special for tobacco 90-100 pound/acre of phosphorus content 13.5%, potassium content 22.5%, nitrogen content is 2.5%, the fertilizer 60 pounds/acre of phosphorus content 2.0%, potassium content 0.5%, 50 pounds/acre, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of phosphorous 15%, 10 pounds/acre, the potassium nitrate of nitrogen content 13.5%, potassium content 46%.
The fertilizer that topdresses of clayed soil and sand loam soil is: nitrogen content is 16%, the diammonium phosphate 8 pounds/acre of phosphorus content 46 ﹪, 10 pounds/acre, the potassium nitrate of nitrogen content 13.5%, potassium content 46%.
Cigarette seeding row spacing is 120cm, determines when bar basal dressing and ridging, uses the line-spacing scale of one 1.2 meters long to coordinate bracing wire to determine body position, ridge, thus determines line-spacing.
Spacing in the rows is 45cm, controls in cigarette transplantation of seedlings link, is realized by spacing in the rows mark rope and spacing in the rows mark mulch film; If transplanting method under employing film, then the method taking to draw spacing in the rows to mark rope is determined to beat the position that cave plants cigarette, thus realizes spacing in the rows and precisely control; If the mode that employing film is transplanted, then take to use spacing in the rows mark film method to determine that beating cave plants the position of cigarette, and then realize spacing in the rows and precisely control; The mark spacing of spacing in the rows mark rope and mark mulch film is 45cm.
A technical scheme tool in technique scheme has the following advantages or beneficial effect, the advantage that science is practical, easy and simple to handle, workable, a cigarette in cultivating, good coordination cigarette strain individuality and astogeny level, realize the real maturation of tobacco leaf, improve tobacco leaf degree structure, quality level and peasant household and plant cigarette benefit, also can reduce fertilizers input cost simultaneously, the field production that may be used for Southern Part of Anhui Province cigarette district or cigarette district, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River cloud and mist 97 kind is produced.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail.
1, nitrogen technology is executed.Mainly comprise that amount of nitrogen is determined, base manure is used and topdress and use totally 3 links.
(1) amount of nitrogen is determined.According to factors such as kind of a soil types for vega block (clay or sand), basic fertility and preceding crops, comprehensive descision determination amount of nitrogen, on clayed soil, amount of nitrogen is 15-16 pound/acre, on sand loam soil, amount of nitrogen is 13-14 pound/acre, the 80-85% of total amount of nitrogen does base manure row replacement when ridging, 15-20% topdresses in time transplanting and transplants to water according to tobacco leaf growing way water for latter about 25 days and executes, and the more local conventional fertilizer application level of nitrogen amount applied reduces by 10%, prevents cigarette strain growing way from crossing prosperous and remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing.Concrete nitrogen amount applied and fertilizer ratio are in table 1.
The nutrient content of various fertilizer is fertilizer special for tobacco (nitrogen content be 9%, phosphorus content 13.5 ﹪, potassium content 22.5%), fertilizer (nitrogen content be 2.5%, phosphorus content 2.0 ﹪, potassium content 0.5%), fused calcium magnesium phosphate (phosphorous 15%), potassium nitrate (nitrogen content 13.5%, potassium content 46%), potassium sulfate (containing potassium 50%), diammonium phosphate (nitrogen content be 16%, phosphorus content 46%).
Table 1 cloud and mist 97 kind nitrogen amount applied and fertilizer ratio
(2) base manure is used.The amount of nitrogen of general base manure accounts for the 80-85% of total amount of nitrogen.According to soil types and the nitrogen amount applied determined, according to fertilizer ratio corresponding in table 1, the base manure such as fertilizer special for tobacco, fertilizer is puddled evenly, equivalent pack, even row replacement before ridging, ensure that fertilising bandwidth is at more than 10cm, the method that special messenger spreads fertilizer over the fields with line can be taked, improve the uniformity of spreading fertilizer over the fields.
(3) topdress and use.The amount of nitrogen generally topdressed accounts for the 15-20% of total amount of nitrogen, proposes seedling and growing way regulation and control for cigarette strain.Topdress and carry out at twice, first time uses for making normal root rich water when transplanting, and uses 8 jin of diammonium phosphate for every mu, and change water waters to be executed, and concentration is 0.5%, and every cigarette waters about 1.3 jin; Second time is used according to cigarette strain growing way when latter about 25 days of transplanting, close group, and as growing way is better, then can not use, as growing way is poor, generally every mu imposes 10 jin of potassium nitrate, and change water waters to be executed, and concentration is no more than 2%.
2, spacing in the rows controls densification techniques.Precisely controlled by distance between rows and hills, make distance between rows and hills control at 120cm*45cm, be convenient to control ontogeny level, coordinate group structure, increase ventilation and penetrating light amount, tobacco leaf can be reached maturity.Mainly comprise line-spacing and spacing in the rows precisely controls two links.
(1) line-spacing controls.Line-spacing is 120cm, determines when bar basal dressing and ridging, and the line-spacing scale (plastic bushing of PVC material) of general use one 1.2 meters long coordinates bracing wire to determine body position, ridge, thus determines line-spacing.
(2) spacing in the rows controls.Spacing in the rows is 45cm, controls in cigarette transplantation of seedlings link, realizes mainly through spacing in the rows mark rope and spacing in the rows mark mulch film.If transplanting method under employing film, then the method taking to draw spacing in the rows to mark rope is determined to beat the position that cave plants cigarette, thus realizes spacing in the rows and precisely control; If the mode that employing film is transplanted, then take to use spacing in the rows mark film method to determine that beating cave plants the position of cigarette, and then realize spacing in the rows and precisely control.The mark spacing of spacing in the rows mark rope and mark mulch film is 45cm.
The present invention has science practicality, easy and simple to handle, workable advantage, a cigarette in cultivating, good coordination cigarette strain individuality and astogeny level, realize the real maturation of tobacco leaf, improve tobacco leaf degree structure, quality level and peasant household and plant cigarette benefit, also can reduce fertilizers input cost simultaneously.The field production that may be used for Southern Part of Anhui Province cigarette district or cigarette district, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River cloud and mist 97 kind is produced.
Local dwelling in Wannan cloud and mist 97 conventional cultivation method and cultivation method of the present invention on the impact of cigarette strain developmental level, cured tobacco leaf economic characters and quality level in Table 2-4.
Table 2 cloud and mist 97 conventional cultivation method compares with cultivation method cigarette strain developmental level of the present invention
Table 3 cloud and mist 97 conventional cultivation method compares with cultivation method cured tobacco leaf economic characters of the present invention
| Planting type | Per mu yield (jin) | Upper medium grade cigarette ratio (%) | Average price (unit/jin) | Per mu yield value (unit) |
| Conventional cultivation | 360.2 | 82.5 | 10.8 | 3890.5 |
| The present invention cultivates | 346.8 | 96.8 | 12.3 | 4265.6 |
Note: carry out calculating (not containing subsidy) according to national flue-cured tobacco purchasing price in 2013
Table 4 cloud and mist 97 conventional cultivation method compares with cultivation method C3F Quality Grade level of the present invention
| Planting type | Maturity | Institutional framework | Identity | Oil content | Intrinsic chemical composition harmony | Aroma quality | Perfume quantity | To smoke panel test score | Industrial applicability |
| Conventional cultivation | Still ripe | Still loose | Thick-slightly thick | Have-slightly | Owe to coordinate | Blue foreign smell | Less | 53.5 | In-poor |
| The present invention cultivates | Ripe | Loose | Medium | Many | Coordinate | Better | Sufficient | 66.8 | Good |
Note: Zhong Yan technique center, Hunan is evaluated and provided.
Above to invention has been exemplary description; obvious specific implementation of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as have employed the improvement of the various unsubstantialities that method of the present invention is conceived and technical scheme is carried out; or design of the present invention and technical scheme directly applied to other occasion, all within protection scope of the present invention without to improve.
Claims (4)
1. the cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, it is characterized in that, on clayed soil, amount of nitrogen is 15-16 pound/acre, and on sand loam soil, amount of nitrogen is 13-14 pound/acre, the 80-85% of amount of nitrogen does base manure row replacement when ridging, and 15-20% topdresses in time transplanting and transplants rear watering for 20-30 days and executes; The line-spacing of cigarette strain is 120cm, and spacing in the rows is 43-48cm, and planting cigarette quantity is 1200-1250 plant/acre,
Clayed soil base manure fertilizer is: nitrogen content is 9%, the fertilizer special for tobacco 105-115 pound/acre of phosphorus content 13.5%, potassium content 22.5%, nitrogen content is 2.5%, the fertilizer 60 pounds/acre of phosphorus content 2.0%, potassium content 0.5%, 50 pounds/acre, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of phosphorous 15%, 10 pounds/acre, the potassium nitrate of nitrogen content 13.5%, potassium content 46%, containing the potassium sulfate 30 pounds/acre of potassium 50%
Sand loam soil base manure fertilizer is: nitrogen content is 9%, the fertilizer special for tobacco 90-100 pound/acre of phosphorus content 13.5 ﹪, potassium content 22.5%, nitrogen content is 2.5%, the fertilizer 60 pounds/acre of phosphorus content 2.0%, potassium content 0.5%, 50 pounds/acre, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of phosphorous 15%, 10 pounds/acre, the potassium nitrate of nitrogen content 13.5%, potassium content 46%, containing the potassium sulfate 30 pounds/acre of potassium 50%.
2. the cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the fertilizer that topdresses of clayed soil and sand loam soil is: nitrogen content is 16%, the diammonium phosphate 8 pounds/acre of phosphorus content 46%, 10 pounds/acre, the potassium nitrate of nitrogen content 13.5%, potassium content 46%.
3. the cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, cigarette seeding row spacing is 120cm, determines when bar basal dressing and ridging, uses the line-spacing scale of one 1.2 meters long to coordinate bracing wire to determine body position, ridge, thus determines line-spacing.
4. the cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, spacing in the rows is 45cm, controls in cigarette transplantation of seedlings link, is realized by spacing in the rows mark rope and spacing in the rows mark mulch film; If transplanting method under employing film, then the method taking to draw spacing in the rows to mark rope is determined to beat the position that cave plants cigarette, thus realizes spacing in the rows and precisely control; If the mode that employing film is transplanted, then take to use spacing in the rows mark film method to determine that beating cave plants the position of cigarette, and then realize spacing in the rows and precisely control; The mark spacing of spacing in the rows mark rope and mark mulch film is 45cm.
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105379543B (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2018-10-19 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco transplanting method |
| CN106105719A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-11-16 | 王锐 | A kind of Brassica campestris L drilling plot experiment quick final singling method |
| CN106613200A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Planting method for improving agronomic character of tobacco plant |
| CN106576830A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Planting method for improving agronomic trait of tobacco plant of variety cantonese tobacco 97 |
| CN107155549A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-09-15 | 河南省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of cultural method of No. 7 flue-cured tobacco cultivars of Henan cigarette |
| CN107873209B (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2021-04-16 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under drip irrigation condition |
| CN108558473A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-21 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of fertilizer special for tobacco formula suitable for Wan Nan Tobacco-rice rotations area |
| CN109804879B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-11-23 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Cultivation and collection curing method for reducing lysine content of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN110651581A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-07 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco accurate fertilization method under large-scale planting condition |
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