CN110651581A - Flue-cured tobacco accurate fertilization method under large-scale planting condition - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco accurate fertilization method under large-scale planting condition Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco precise fertilization method under large-scale planting conditions, which is characterized in that base fertilizer and additional fertilizer are applied in a classified manner, wherein 85-90% of nitrogen is used as the base fertilizer, 10-15% of nitrogen is used as the additional fertilizer, the base fertilizer is applied in a strip manner during ridging according to a flow method of 'comprehensive quantification, field measurement, label insertion, uniform mixing, equal amount packaging, field delivery and special person broadcasting', and the additional fertilizer is applied by a watering machine during transplanting and 25-30 days after transplanting. The method has the characteristics of science, practicality, simple and convenient operation and strong operability, and is cumulatively popularized in the southern cigarette area of Anhui province, Anhui province and the Anhui province for more than 60 ten thousand mu. The invention has accurate and uniform fertilization, improves the proportion of medium-sized tobacco, the growth consistency of tobacco leaves and the quality structure level, increases the tobacco planting income of large-scale households, effectively meets the raw material requirements of cigarette industry enterprises, and promotes the high-quality development of cigarette areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco planting, in particular to a flue-cured tobacco precise fertilization method under a large-scale planting condition.
Background
With the steady promotion of flue-cured tobacco large-scale planting, the average planting scale of households is larger and larger, and the average planting scale of the households in the southern Anhui tobacco area in 2019 reaches 80 mu. Flue-cured tobacco is economic crops mainly comprising harvested leaves, a fertilization technology, particularly the accuracy and uniformity of fertilization are key technologies influencing the formation of the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves are too green and late mature due to too large fertilization amount and are premature or weak due to too small fertilization amount, the growth vigor is inconsistent due to uneven fertilization, the tobacco leaves are not convenient to harvest, bake and manage in fields, and the improvement of the quality level of the tobacco leaves and the benefit of farmer tobacco planting is severely restricted. Because the tobacco leaf fertilizing machinery is not mature at present, the fertilizing technical operation of the flue-cured tobacco scale grower is mainly completed by engaging workers, and the flue-cured tobacco fertilizing is a technical operation with multiple links and strong practicability,
under the influence of various factors such as the production technical level of workers, practical operation experience, responsibility and field foundation difference, the problems of inaccurate fertilization (nitrogen) amount, uneven fertilization and the like frequently occur in production, so that the growth vigor of tobacco leaves is over-vigorous or over-thin, the growth uniformity between fields or in fields is poor, the difficulty of harvesting, baking and grading at the later stage is increased, the improvement of the quality structure level of the tobacco leaves and the tobacco planting benefit of farmers is not facilitated, and the sustainable development of tobacco leaf production is seriously influenced.
A fertilization method which is simple and convenient to operate, accurate and uniform in fertilization and capable of improving the growth consistency and quality structure level of tobacco leaves under the condition of large-scale planting is urgently needed in tobacco leaf production, so that the tobacco planting yield of large-scale households is improved, and the raw material requirements of enterprises in the cigarette industry are met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the main problems of inaccurate fertilization amount and insufficient fertilization uniformity in the traditional fertilization technology, and provides the accurate fertilization method which is simple and convenient to operate, accurate and uniform in fertilization and capable of improving the growth consistency and quality structure level of tobacco leaves under the condition of large-scale planting, so that the tobacco planting yield of large-scale households is improved, and the raw material requirements of cigarette industry enterprises are met.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for accurately fertilizing the flue-cured tobaccos under the condition of large-scale planting comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing a large-scale planting area into different planting plots, classifying soil types of each planting plot, and marking a vertical rod of each planting plot, namely erecting a rod on a ridge, and then fastening a piece of cloth with different colors at the top end of the rod so as to conveniently distinguish the soil types;
step 2, measuring the net area of the large-scale planting area and the net area of each planting land;
step 3, contracting and planting all the planting plots of the large-scale planting area by a plurality of farmers, defining one or more planting plots contracted by each farmer as contracted areas, and erecting remark information beside each contracted area;
step 4, configuring a corresponding fertilizer for each soil type;
step 5, packaging the fertilizers of different soil types in each contracted area according to the soil type of each contracted area and the net area of each soil type, and remarking information on the packages;
and 6, transporting the fertilizer in different contracting areas to the sides of the vertical rods in the contracting areas according to the remarked information on the fertilizer package.
And 7, uniformly spreading corresponding fertilizers to the contracted planting land blocks by farmers according to different soil types.
The information of the step 3 neutral post remarks comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of farmer name, farmer code, division of a contracted area, the area of each planting land of the contracted area and the soil type of each planting land of the contracted area.
In the step 1, the soil types are classified according to the content of clay grains in the soil, the soil with the content of the clay grains being less than 15 percent is sandy soil, the soil with the content of the clay grains being 15-25 percent is loam, the clay with the content of the clay grains being more than 25 percent is clay, each planting block is surrounded by a ridge, and the soil type of the planting block is marked by a vertical rod beside each planting block.
In the step 4, the nitrogen application amount of sand soil is 12.9-14.7 jin/mu, the nitrogen application amount of loam is 13.8-15.6 jin/mu, the nitrogen application amount of clay is 14.7-16.5 jin/mu, and 85-90% of the nitrogen application amount of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer which are applied in classification are used as the base fertilizer and 10-15% are used as the additional fertilizer.
The topdressing is carried out twice, the first time is carried out during transplanting, the second time is carried out 25-30 days after transplanting, and the topdressing is carried out in the form of potassium nitrate with the concentration of 0.2-0.3%.
The dosage of the first topdressing is 3 jin/mu;
the secondary topdressing dosage is comprehensively determined according to the growth vigor of tobacco plants and the weather conditions in the early period of the field:
if the tobacco plant is vigorous:
before the second topdressing, if the rainwater is too much, the second topdressing amount is 7 jin/mu;
before the second topdressing, the rainwater is normal, and the second topdressing amount is 2 jin/mu;
if the rainwater is less before the second topdressing, the second topdressing is not carried out;
if the tobacco plant is in normal growth condition:
the rainwater is too much before the second topdressing, and the second topdressing amount is 12 jin/mu;
before the second topdressing, if the rainwater is normal, the second topdressing amount is 7 jin/mu;
the rainwater is less before the second topdressing, and the second topdressing amount is 2 jin/mu;
if the tobacco plant is weak in growth:
if the rainwater is too much before the second topdressing, the second topdressing amount is 17 jin/mu;
before the second topdressing, if the rainwater is normal, the second topdressing amount is 12 jin/mu;
and if the rainwater is less before the second topdressing, the second topdressing amount is 7 jin/mu.
The implementation object of the flue-cured tobacco precise fertilization method is a Yunyan 97 variety, the total amount of the two topdresses is 10 jin/mu of potassium nitrate, and the base fertilizer fertilization proportion is as follows: 60 jin/mu of organic fertilizer, 50 jin/mu of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 10 jin/mu of potassium nitrate and 30 jin/mu of potassium sulfate, and adding 150 jin/mu of special fertilizer according to the soil condition; wherein the nitrogen content of the special fertilizer is 9%, the phosphorus content is 13.5%, the potassium content is 22.5%, the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is 2.5%, the phosphorus content is 2.0%, the potassium content is 0.5%, the calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer contains 15% of phosphorus, the nitrogen content of potassium nitrate is 13.5%, the potassium content is 46%, and the potassium content of potassium sulfate is 50%.
The special fertilizer application condition is as follows:
if the planting plots are sandy soil:
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are rice: 100 jin/mu 110 jin;
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are dry-land crops: 90-100 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is rice: 110 jin/mu and 120 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is dry land crop: 100 jin/mu 110 jin;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is rice: 120 jin/mu, 130 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is a dry-land crop: 110 jin/mu and 120 jin/mu;
if the planting land is loam:
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are rice: 110 jin/mu and 120 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are dry-land crops: 100 jin/mu 110 jin;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is rice: 120 jin/mu, 130 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is dry land crop: 110 jin/mu and 120 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is rice: 130 jin/mu and 140 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is a dry-land crop: 120 jin/mu, 130 jin/mu;
if the planting plots are clay:
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are rice: 120 jin/mu, 130 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are dry-land crops: 110 jin/mu and 120 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is rice: 130 jin/mu and 140 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is dry land crop: 120 jin/mu, 130 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is rice: 140 jin/mu and 150 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is a dry-land crop: 130 jin/mu to 140 jin/mu.
The flue-cured tobacco precise fertilization method is simple and convenient to operate, accurate and uniform in fertilization, capable of improving the growth consistency and quality structure level of tobacco leaves, capable of improving the tobacco planting yield of large-scale households and capable of meeting the raw material requirements of cigarette industry enterprises.
Detailed Description
The invention applies base fertilizer and additional fertilizer in classification, 85-90% of nitrogen amount is used as base fertilizer and 10-15% is used as additional fertilizer, the base fertilizer is applied in strips during ridging according to the flow method of 'comprehensive quantification, field measurement and stick insertion, uniform mixing, equal amount packaging, field distribution and special person broadcasting', and the additional fertilizer is applied in transplanting and 25-30 days after transplanting by using a watering machine in combination with watering root fixing water and seedling raising water, so as to improve the accuracy of the fertilizer application formula and the broadcasting uniformity. The specific operating requirements are as follows:
1. comprehensive quantification: the nitrogen application amount is determined by comprehensively judging according to the factors of soil type, basic fertility, previous crops, fertilizer application level and the like of the tobacco field planted by farmers on the basis of the principle of moderate nutrition. Taking a field block with medium fertility and a variety of Yunyan 97 planted by using as an example, the nitrogen application amount of general sandy soil is 12.9-14.7 jin/mu, the nitrogen application amount of soil is 13.8-15.6 jin/mu, the nitrogen application amount of clay is 14.7-16.5 jin/mu, 85-90% of the nitrogen application amount is used as a base fertilizer, 10-15% is used as a top dressing, and the top dressing is reserved in the form of 10 jin/mu of potassium nitrate. The soil types are classified mainly according to the content of clay grains in the soil, wherein the clay grains with the content of less than 15 percent are sandy soil, the clay grains with the content of 15 to 25 percent are loam, and the clay grains with the content of more than 25 percent are clay.
2. Measuring field inserting labels: the method comprises the steps of accurately measuring the clean area (without ridges) of the tobacco field by using a GPS area measuring instrument, then calculating and determining the number of fertilizer bags to be applied to each field according to the area and the fertilizing amount of the field and the weight of fertilizer packaged in each bag of a farmer, filling basic information such as field area codes, serial numbers, areas, fertilizing bag numbers and the like into a precise fertilizer application register table and a mark bamboo stick, inserting the mark bamboo stick on the ridge which is easy to see and is 2-3 meters away from a field inlet of a machine, and tying a red rope on the bamboo stick so that a fertilizer transporter can find the ridge.
3. Mixing evenly: the fertilizers are uniformly mixed according to the formula by adopting a stirrer or a manual mixing method, generally 5-10 mu is taken as a mixing unit, and fertilizers in different areas and fertilization levels are separately mixed and marked. If the difference of the fertilizing amount or the fertilizing level between the tobacco planting areas of farmers is large, the mixing is carried out according to different fertilizing amounts or different fertilizing levels, namely, the mixing is carried out at one fertilizing level and at the other fertilizing level, and the mixing is marked for distinguishing.
4. Packaging in equal amount: the mixed fertilizer is bagged according to the requirement of equivalent packaging, the method of weighing by a scale or using the container volume of a barrel, a dustpan and the like can be adopted for realizing, generally, each bag is equivalently packaged according to the weight of 2 minutes of field and about 50 jin of field, the specific weight is determined according to the fertilizer application formula, the weight difference between the bags is controlled within the range of 2 percent, woven bags with different colors can be used when fertilizer in different areas and fertilizer application levels are bagged, the woven bags can be marked or separately stacked after being bagged, and the like for distinguishing, so that the personnel for fertilizer distribution can quickly and accurately identify the fertilizer.
5. And (4) field-based distribution: and (3) appointing a specially-assigned person responsible for strong heart to deliver the fertilizer to the tobacco field, putting the fertilizer in a corresponding area, field block and quantity in the corresponding field block according to the area code, field block number and fertilizer number on the bamboo stick at the head of the field, wherein the fertilizer cannot be put on a ridge, and the delivering person needs to ensure that the area code, the fertilizer bag number and the label on the bamboo stick are consistent.
6. Broadcasting by a specially-assigned person: before large-area fertilizer spreading, a fertilizer applicator is organized to carry out spreading training or experimental spreading so as to find the hand feeling of the fertilizer application and provide experience basis for uniform large-area spreading. Determining a specially-assigned person who is high in responsibility and experience to broadcast fertilizer, manufacturing marking lines with equal distances (generally 45cm) according to transplanting density, facilitating judgment and correction of the broadcasting amount of the broadcasting personnel according to the marks on the lines, realizing direct and uniform fertilizer distribution, simultaneously pulling lines on two ridges during fertilizing operation, 1 person and 1 bag during opposite broadcasting of two persons, preventing bags from being mixed, ensuring uniform and consistent broadcasting between lines or broadcasting personnel, and ensuring that the fertilizing depth is more than 15cm and the width is more than 10 cm.
7. And (3) topdressing, wherein 10-15% of the nitrogen application amount is used as the topdressing, and the reserved potassium nitrate of 10 jin/mu is topdressed by a watering machine twice, and is purchased separately if the reserved topdressing is insufficient. The first time of the transplanting is watering and applying, the using amount is 3 jin/mu, and the concentration is 0.2-0.3%; and (5) performing irrigation 25-30 days after transplanting for the second time, wherein the amount of additional fertilizer is comprehensively determined according to the growth vigor of tobacco plants and the weather conditions in the early stage of the field. Generally, under normal growth and normal weather conditions, the additional fertilizer quantity is 7 jin/mu.
The invention has the advantages that: the base fertilizer is applied according to the flow method of 'comprehensive quantification, field stick insertion, uniform mixing, equivalent packaging, field distribution and special broadcasting', watering and topdressing are carried out by using a watering machine twice, the flow, precision and water and fertilizer integration of flue-cured tobacco fertilization are realized, the accuracy and broadcasting uniformity of the fertilization formula are improved, the problems of low proportion of medium-length tobacco, large proportion of over-vigorous and over-lean tobacco leaves, poor uniformity and uniformity of growth and the like caused by inaccurate fertilization quantity and insufficient uniformity in the past are effectively solved, the proportion of medium-length tobacco and uniformity of growth are greatly improved, the difficulties of operations such as fertilization operation, field management and later harvesting, baking and grading are reduced, the quality structure level of flue-cured tobacco and the yield of tobacco seeds of large-scale households are improved, the raw material requirements of cigarette industry enterprises are effectively met, and the high-quality development of tobacco areas is realized.
The fertilizing method disclosed by the invention has been continuously popularized in southern tobacco area of Anhui, Anhui province for 5 years, the accumulated popularization area reaches more than 60 ten thousand mu, the accumulated quality and efficiency improvement of tobacco growers exceed 1 hundred million yuan, and the specific application effects are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 comparison of tobacco leaf growth and farm work management difficulties in different fertilizing methods
TABLE 2 comparison of tobacco leaf grade structure and economic character for different fertilization methods
From the above analysis results, it can be seen that: the fertilizing mode of the invention has obvious effects of reducing the field management difficulty, improving the growth consistency and the tobacco-stem ratio of the tobacco leaves, improving the quality structure level and the income of farmers.
The following is a detailed description of the Yunyan 97 variety:
the nitrogen application level and fertilizer formula of the Yunyan 97 variety under the large-scale planting condition are shown in table 3, the nutrient content (mass ratio) of various fertilizers is special fertilizer for tobacco (the nitrogen content is 9%, the phosphorus content is 13.5%, and the potassium content is 22.5%), organic fertilizer (the nitrogen content is 2.5%, the phosphorus content is 2.0%, and the potassium content is 0.5%), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (containing 15%), potassium nitrate (the nitrogen content is 13.5%, and the potassium content is 46%), and potassium sulfate (containing 50%).
TABLE 3 Nitrogen application level and fertilizer formula for Yunyan 97 variety under large-scale planting conditions
The operation method and requirements of applying the additional fertilizer. 10-15% of the nitrogen application amount is used as additional fertilizer, and reserved potassium nitrate of 10 jin/mu is applied by a watering machine twice, and the potassium nitrate is purchased separately if the reserved additional fertilizer is not enough. The first time of the transplanting is watering and applying, the using amount is 3 jin/mu, and the concentration is 0.2-0.3%; and (5) performing irrigation 25-30 days after transplanting for the second time, wherein the amount of additional fertilizer is comprehensively determined according to the growth vigor of tobacco plants and the weather conditions in the early stage of the field. Generally, under normal growth and normal weather conditions, the additional fertilizer quantity is 7 jin/mu. The watering machine is provided with a quantifying device, and the amount of the watering fertilizer of each plant of tobacco is 1-2 jin, so that the integration of water and fertilizer is realized, the earlier-stage utilization of the fertilizer is promoted, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. The number of topdressing under different growth conditions and weather conditions is shown in table 4.
Table 4 top dressing amount of yunyan 97 variety under the scale planting condition.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed, and that various insubstantial modifications of the inventive concepts and solutions, or their direct application to other applications without such modifications, are intended to be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for accurately fertilizing the flue-cured tobaccos under the condition of large-scale planting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing a large-scale planting area into different planting plots, and classifying soil types of each planting plot;
step 2, measuring the net area of the large-scale planting area and the net area of each planting land;
step 3, contracting and planting all the planting plots of the large-scale planting area by a plurality of farmers, defining one or more planting plots contracted by each farmer as contracted areas, and erecting remark information beside each contracted area;
step 4, configuring a corresponding fertilizer for each soil type;
step 5, packaging the fertilizers of different soil types in each contracted area according to the soil type of each contracted area and the net area of each soil type, and remarking information on the packages;
step 6, transporting the fertilizers in different contracting areas to the sides of the vertical rods of the contracting areas according to the remarked information on the fertilizer package;
and 7, uniformly spreading corresponding fertilizers to the contracted planting land blocks by farmers according to different soil types.
2. The method for accurately fertilizing flue-cured tobacco under the large-scale planting condition according to claim 1, characterized in that: the information of the step 3 neutral post remarks comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of farmer name, farmer code, division of a contracted area, the area of each planting land of the contracted area and the soil type of each planting land of the contracted area.
3. The method for accurately fertilizing flue-cured tobacco under the large-scale planting condition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step 1, the soil types are classified according to the content of clay grains in the soil, the soil with the content of the clay grains being less than 15 percent is sandy soil, the soil with the content of the clay grains being 15-25 percent is loam, the clay with the content of the clay grains being more than 25 percent is clay, each planting block is surrounded by a ridge, and the soil type of the planting block is marked by a vertical rod beside each planting block.
4. The method for accurately fertilizing flue-cured tobacco under the large-scale planting condition according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step 4, the nitrogen application amount of sand soil is 12.9-14.7 jin/mu, the nitrogen application amount of loam is 13.8-15.6 jin/mu, the nitrogen application amount of clay is 14.7-16.5 jin/mu, and 85-90% of the nitrogen application amount of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer which are applied in classification are used as the base fertilizer and 10-15% are used as the additional fertilizer.
5. The method for accurately fertilizing flue-cured tobacco under the large-scale planting condition according to claim 4, characterized in that: the topdressing is carried out twice, the first time is carried out during transplanting, the second time is carried out 25-30 days after transplanting, and the topdressing is carried out in the form of potassium nitrate with the concentration of 0.2-0.3%.
6. The method for accurately fertilizing flue-cured tobacco under the large-scale planting condition according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the dosage of the first topdressing is 3 jin/mu;
the secondary topdressing dosage is comprehensively determined according to the growth vigor of tobacco plants and the weather conditions in the early period of the field:
if the tobacco plant is vigorous:
before the second topdressing, if the rainwater is too much, the second topdressing amount is 7 jin/mu;
before the second topdressing, the rainwater is normal, and the second topdressing amount is 2 jin/mu;
if the rainwater is less before the second topdressing, the second topdressing is not carried out;
if the tobacco plant is in normal growth condition:
the rainwater is too much before the second topdressing, and the second topdressing amount is 12 jin/mu;
before the second topdressing, if the rainwater is normal, the second topdressing amount is 7 jin/mu;
the rainwater is less before the second topdressing, and the second topdressing amount is 2 jin/mu;
if the tobacco plant is weak in growth:
if the rainwater is too much before the second topdressing, the second topdressing amount is 17 jin/mu;
before the second topdressing, if the rainwater is normal, the second topdressing amount is 12 jin/mu;
and if the rainwater is less before the second topdressing, the second topdressing amount is 7 jin/mu.
7. The method for the precise fertilization of flue-cured tobacco under the scale planting condition according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 6, wherein: the implementation object of the flue-cured tobacco precise fertilization method is a Yunyan 97 variety, the total amount of the two topdresses is 10 jin/mu of potassium nitrate, and the base fertilizer fertilization proportion is as follows: 60 jin/mu of organic fertilizer, 50 jin/mu of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 10 jin/mu of potassium nitrate and 30 jin/mu of potassium sulfate, and adding 150 jin/mu of special fertilizer according to the soil condition; wherein the nitrogen content of the special fertilizer is 9%, the phosphorus content is 13.5%, the potassium content is 22.5%, the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is 2.5%, the phosphorus content is 2.0%, the potassium content is 0.5%, the calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer contains 15% of phosphorus, the nitrogen content of potassium nitrate is 13.5%, the potassium content is 46%, and the potassium content of potassium sulfate is 50%.
8. The method for accurately fertilizing flue-cured tobacco under the large-scale planting condition according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the special fertilizer is applied as follows:
if the planting plots are sandy soil:
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are rice: 100 jin/mu 110 jin;
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are dry-land crops: 90-100 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is rice: 110 jin/mu and 120 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is dry land crop: 100 jin/mu 110 jin;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is rice: 120 jin/mu, 130 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is a dry-land crop: 110 jin/mu and 120 jin/mu;
if the planting land is loam:
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are rice: 110 jin/mu and 120 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are dry-land crops: 100 jin/mu 110 jin;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is rice: 120 jin/mu, 130 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is dry land crop: 110 jin/mu and 120 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is rice: 130 jin/mu and 140 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is a dry-land crop: 120 jin/mu, 130 jin/mu;
if the planting plots are clay:
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are rice: 120 jin/mu, 130 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is high and the previous crops are dry-land crops: 110 jin/mu and 120 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is rice: 130 jin/mu and 140 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is medium and the previous crop is dry land crop: 120 jin/mu, 130 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is rice: 140 jin/mu and 150 jin/mu;
the basic fertility is low and the previous crop is a dry-land crop: 130 jin/mu to 140 jin/mu.
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| 李敏主编: "《中药材规范化生产与管理 GAP 方法及技术》", 31 January 2005, 北京：中国医药科技出版社 * |
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| 薛琳等: "皖南烟区生态安全烟叶开发措施及成效", 《现代农业科技》 * |
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