CN112021057A - Planting method of economic white wax forest - Google Patents
Planting method of economic white wax forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN112021057A CN112021057A CN202010887125.6A CN202010887125A CN112021057A CN 112021057 A CN112021057 A CN 112021057A CN 202010887125 A CN202010887125 A CN 202010887125A CN 112021057 A CN112021057 A CN 112021057A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of economic forests, in particular to a planting method of a Fraxinus chinensis economic forest, which is characterized in that a grain intercropping mode is adopted in a planting area, a farming belt and a planting belt are arranged in the planting area, the farming belt is used for farming grain crops, the planting belt is used for planting Fraxinus chinensis, the planting belt is 1.5 meters wide, the farming belt is 8-20 meters wide, and Fraxinus chinensis rods or Fraxinus chinensis strips in the planting belt are planted in a pier shape. The method not only ensures that the planting density of the white wax is not reduced, but also ensures that the cultivated area is not reduced; the invention adopts grain intercropping, which is convenient for fertilization and irrigation; after the white wax is harvested from 9 to 11 months in the last ten days, the grain is convenient to transport mechanically, and the labor intensity is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of economic forests, in particular to a planting method of a Fraxinus chinensis economic forest.
Background
The white wax has the characteristics of salt and alkali resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance, developed root system and the like, is white in whole body, smooth and soft, tough and elastic in wood, uniform in structure and compact in texture, and is often used for landscaping, timber forests, economic forests, water source conservation forests and the like. The economic forest of white wax is mainly used for breeding white wax insects or producing white wax rods (strips), the traditional white wax rod (strip) is long in production period, the planting density is high, the land utilization is unreasonable, the income of farmers is unstable, the white wax rod (strip) planting flourishing period in the eighties and ninety years of the last century is long, the planting area in the county of Ning Ling county reaches 15 ten thousand acres, 50 families of various white wax rod processing enterprises, 1000 families of white wax rod weaving specialized households are more than that, the current planting area is less than 5 thousand acres, 11 families of county white wax rod rough machining enterprises are reduced, and the white wax rod weaving specialized households are zero. Therefore, the improvement of the white wax rod (strip) planting mode is significant.
The prior art relates to a planting mode of fraxinus chinensis, which aims to use fraxinus chinensis as a soil nutrient characteristic research of an artificial fraxinus chinensis forest under different planting modes in a forest or garden ornamental trees (Li Xiao Yan, Meng Jue, Dairui, Dian honglian, Xue Peng Fei. Huanghe Delta region [ J ]. Chinese agriculture report, 2020,36(12): 53-57.; Liu Shi Guang.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planting method of a Fraxinus chinensis economic forest, aiming at solving the problem of low land utilization rate in Fraxinus chinensis planting in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a planting method of economic white wax forests adopts a grain intercropping mode in a planting area, and the grain intercropping mode has wind prevention and sand fixation effects on cultivated land. And a farming belt and a planting belt are arranged in the planting area, the farming belt is used for farming grain crops, and the planting belt is used for planting the white wax rods or the white wax strips. The planting belt is 1.5 meters wide, the farming belt is 8-20 meters wide, and the white wax rods and/or the white wax strips in the planting belt are planted in a pier shape. The pier is circular, and a circular cluster structure formed by planting a plurality of white wax rods or white wax strips is the pier.
As a preferred scheme, the distance between every two rows of piers is 0.2-0.3 m, the distance between every two rows of piers is 0.5-0.6 m, and every mu of piers is 445. When the white wax strips are cultured, one pier is formed by every 30-100 white wax strips, and the white wax strips are cut once every year; when white wax rods are cultured, every 20-30 rods form a pier; when the white wax rods and the strips are mixed and cultured, every 10-25 rods form a pier, the white wax strips are cultured on the lower portion of each rod, and the white wax rods are harvested after 3-4 years.
The invention aims to cultivate white wax rods or white wax strips, wherein the rice circumference diameter of the finished white wax rods is 6-13 cm, and the white wax strips are thinner: the method is characterized in that the planting is carried out in the same year, the diameter of the white wax rods and the white wax strips is smaller than that of the white wax trees in the timber forest, and a plurality of the white wax rods or the white wax strips form a circular pier-shaped structure after being planted, so that the growth requirements of the white wax rods or the white wax strips are met, the planting density is increased, and the land utilization rate is improved.
In order to enable white wax to better collect light, the row directions of the white wax rods and the white wax strips are set to be true south and north or true terrain cultivation.
The soil condition of the planting area is amphibolic soil, loam, sandy soil or gravelly soil.
The area of the planting area is a hilly area, a plain area or a sand area.
The planting time of the fraxinus chinensis is autumn planting or spring planting, the fraxinus chinensis is planted in autumn after fallen leaves until the soil is sealed and frozen, and the fraxinus chinensis is planted in spring planting until the soil is unfrozen until sprouts.
The planting of the white wax comprises the following steps: collecting seed strips from a nursery, cutting the branches into rods or strips with the length of 20-30 cm, and performing direct-cutting afforestation.
The harvesting time of the white wax rods and strips is from 9 to 11 months in the last ten days of each year.
Specifically, the planting method of the economic forest of the Fraxinus chinensis comprises the following steps:
step 1: seedling cultivation:
(1) seed strip collection: the vegetative propagation is mainly used for the breeding of the white wax stems and the white wax strips. The collected seed shoots are generally cut into the length of 20-30 cm after falling leaves and before sprouting in the next year by selecting annual thick branches which are full in development and plump in buds (or the tops of white wax stems collected in the current year).
(2) Cultivation:
soil conditions: amphibolic soil, loam, sandy soil, gravelly soil and the like can be planted.
Planting area: it can be planted in hills, plains and sand areas.
Planting time: planting in autumn after falling leaves until the soil is frozen, and planting in spring before thawing in soil until sprouting.
Planting mode: and (4) cutting the branches into branches with the length of 20-30 cm, and performing direct cutting cultivation.
Planting density: grain intercropping, wherein the general pier spacing is 0.2-0.3 m, the pier row spacing is 0.5-0.6 m, the belt spacing is 8-20 m, and the row direction is true south and north or is cultivated along the terrain; culturing strips: cutting about 30-100 piles once every year according to the size of the pier; culture rod: forming a pier for every 20-30 rods; and (3) carrying out mixed culture on rods: according to the size of the pier, 10-25 rods can be reserved in each pier according to the principle of ventilation and light transmission, a certain amount of white wax strips are cultured around the root of each rod, the rods can be harvested according to different culture purposes after 3-4 years, and the strips are cut in the same year.
(3) Management:
pruning and tending: the whole technique fostering is respectively carried out according to different purposes of the culture strips and the rods.
Management in summer: timely bud picking is carried out on the cultured wax rods, and pinching is carried out after the cultured wax rods reach a certain height according to the culture purpose.
And (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: watering is carried out immediately after the cuttings, watering can be carried out once every 20 days when meeting dry weather after germination, topdressing is carried out when seedlings grow to 20-30 cm, 8-10 kg of urea is applied to each mu, topdressing is carried out once every month, topdressing is carried out for three times continuously, and watering is carried out after topdressing. (1) And (4) soil management, namely soil plowing is carried out by combining fertilization in spring and autumn. (2) And (4) fertilizing, wherein the base fertilizer applied in autumn and winter is mainly organic fertilizer, and the hole-fertilization nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in growing seasons. (3) Irrigation, sealing and freezing water, sprouting water and watering in growing seasons, and timely fertilizing in combination with watering, wherein the irrigation mainly comprises furrow irrigation and plant irrigation.
And (3) pest control: mechanical prevention and biological prevention and control technologies are preferably used in pest prevention and control, natural resources are protected and utilized, and high-quality, natural and pollution-free green products are cultivated. Insect pests in growing seasons are mainly used for controlling flat spiny moth, yellow spiny moth, white horned beetle and other pests, and the control time is selected according to prediction; and (4) paying attention to preventing and treating the black spot of the leaf part in rainy days.
Step 2: harvesting:
(1) the harvesting time is from 9 to 11 months in the last ten days of each year.
(2) And (5) carrying out artificial harvest according to the classification according to the culture purpose.
(3) Cutting the white wax strip at the base of the strip by a sickle or pruning shears; the white wax rod was sawn off at 2 cm from the base using a handsaw with the head removed. After sawing the rod, the saw cut is scraped by a sharp knife and is coated with wax or white latex for protection.
And step 3: processing:
the white wax strips can be processed into frames, snakes, baskets and the like according to the application.
The white wax rod can be roughly processed and finely processed, wherein the rough processing is to put the rod into a pot for high-temperature cooking, peel off, knead the rod straight and then grade the rod, and then bundle the rod according to the purpose (20-25 rods in each bundle) and directly transport the rod outside; the fine processing is to make the rough-processed and graded white wax rod undergo the technological processes of insect-proofing, softening, bending, sanding, corrosion-proofing, etc., and then the rod can be made into martial art rod, lifting handle and rattan-woven handicraft furniture according to the application.
And 4, step 4: and (3) packaging and transporting: the strip-woven and rattan-woven furniture should be packaged or padded during transportation to prevent corrosion and injury; when the rods are transported outwards, the rods are bundled into a bundle according to the number of 20 or 25, the two ends of the rods are screwed by iron wires, and in the transporting process, canvas and other objects are applied to cover the rods.
And (3) storage: the processed rods are bound and stacked in the storage process, the drying and ventilation are kept, the processed strip-woven and rattan-woven furniture is dried, ventilated, dampproof, anti-pollution and rat and insect pest prevention in the storage process, and a liner is added in the stacking storage process to prevent abrasion and pressure loss.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the planting method of the invention does not reduce the whole planting density of the white wax, but also ensures that the cultivated land area is not reduced, and provides guarantee for the stable income of farmers;
the method adopts grain intercropping, so that the fertilizer application and irrigation are convenient; the time for collecting the white wax rods and strips is 9 to 11 months from the last ten days, and the time period is after the grains are harvested, so that the mechanical transportation is convenient, and the labor intensity is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of the structure of the grain intercropping planting of economic forest of Fraxinus chinensis.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of mixed culture of white wax rods and strips.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pier when the white wax rod and the white wax strip are mixed and cultured to mature.
In the drawing, 1 is a planting zone, 2 is a farming zone, 3 is a white wax pier, 31 is a white wax rod, and 32 is a white wax strip.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and any technical solutions that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the present invention and the common general knowledge in the art are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The planting method of the economic forest of the Fraxinus chinensis comprises the following steps:
step 1: seedling cultivation:
(1) seed strip collection: the vegetative propagation is mainly used for the breeding of the white wax stems and the white wax strips. The collected seed shoots are generally cut into the length of 20-30 cm after falling leaves and before sprouting in the next year by selecting annual thick branches which are full in development and plump in buds (or the tops of white wax stems collected in the current year).
(2) Cultivation:
soil conditions: amphibolic soil, loam, sandy soil, gravelly soil and the like can be planted.
Planting area: it can be planted in hills, plains and sand areas.
Planting time: planting in autumn after falling leaves until the soil is frozen, and planting in spring before thawing in soil until sprouting.
Planting mode: and (4) cutting the branches into branches with the length of 20-30 cm, and performing direct cutting cultivation.
Planting density: the method is characterized in that a grain intercropping mode is adopted in a planting area, specifically, a farming belt and a planting belt are arranged in the planting area, the farming belt is used for farming grain crops, and the planting belt is used for planting white wax. Generally, the distance between the piers is 0.2 to 0.3 meter, the row distance between the piers is 0.5 to 0.6 meter, the belt distance is 8 to 20 meters (namely, the cultivation bandwidth is 8 to 20 meters), and the rows are cultivated in the south and the north or along the terrain; culturing strips: cutting about 30-100 piles once every year according to the size of the pier; rod culture: 20-30 rods can be reserved in each pier according to the ventilation and light transmission principle. And (3) carrying out mixed culture on rods: according to the size of the pier, 10-25 seed strips can be reserved in each pier according to the ventilation and light transmission principle to culture the white wax rods, a certain number of white wax strips are cultured around the root of each rod, the number of the white wax strips in each pier is 30, harvesting can be carried out according to different culture purposes after 3-4 years, the strips around the rods can be mowed in the same year, and the strips can be planted again in a proper time after the mowed.
(3) Management:
pruning and tending: the whole technique fostering is respectively carried out according to different purposes of the culture strips and the rods.
Management in summer: timely bud picking is carried out on the cultured wax rods, and pinching is carried out after the cultured wax rods reach a certain height according to the culture purpose.
And (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: watering is carried out immediately after the cuttings, watering can be carried out once every 20 days when meeting dry weather after germination, topdressing is carried out when seedlings grow to 20-30 cm, 8-10 kg of urea is applied to each mu, topdressing is carried out once every month, topdressing is carried out for three times continuously, and watering is carried out after topdressing. (1) And (4) soil management, namely soil plowing is carried out by combining fertilization in spring and autumn. (2) And (4) fertilizing, wherein the base fertilizer applied in autumn and winter is mainly organic fertilizer, and the hole-fertilization nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in growing seasons. (3) Irrigation, sealing and freezing water, sprouting water and watering in growing seasons, and timely fertilizing in combination with watering, wherein the irrigation mainly comprises furrow irrigation and plant irrigation.
And (3) pest control: mechanical prevention and biological prevention and control technologies are preferably used in pest prevention and control, natural resources are protected and utilized, and high-quality, natural and pollution-free green products are cultivated. Insect pests in growing seasons are mainly used for controlling flat spiny moth, yellow spiny moth, white horned beetle and other pests, and the control time is selected according to prediction; and (4) paying attention to preventing and treating the black spot of the leaf part in rainy days.
Step 2: harvesting:
(1) the harvesting time is from 9 to 11 months in the last ten days of each year.
(2) And (5) carrying out artificial harvest according to the classification according to the culture purpose.
(3) Cutting the white wax strip at the base of the strip by a sickle or pruning shears; the white wax rod was sawn off at 2 cm from the base using a handsaw with the head removed. After sawing the rod, the saw cut is scraped by a sharp knife and is coated with wax or white latex for protection.
(4) And (3) harvesting period: the spring-planted fraxinus chinensis strips can be mowed in the same year, and then are mowed once a year. And (4) harvesting the white wax rods after 3-4 years of planting.
Specification of white wax rod: the lengths of the materials are respectively 1 meter, 1.4 meters, 1.7 meters and 2 meters according to the application; the rice circumference diameter is 6 cm, 8 cm, 9 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm and other specifications, and is divided into a special grade, a first grade and a second grade according to the mass, and the specific quality grading requirements are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 white wax rod quality grading requirements
And step 3: processing:
the white wax strip can be processed into baskets, baskets and the like according to application.
The white wax rod can be roughly processed and finely processed, wherein the rough processing is to put the rod into a pot for high-temperature cooking, peel off, knead the rod straight and then grade the rod, and then bundle the rod according to the purpose (20-25 rods in each bundle) and directly transport the rod outside; the fine processing is to make the rough-processed and graded white wax rod undergo the technological processes of insect-proofing, softening, bending, sanding, corrosion-proofing, etc., and then the rod can be made into martial art rod, lifting handle and rattan-woven handicraft furniture according to the application.
And (3) checking the rule: (1) the detection method comprises the following steps: checking the tolerance of the main dimension of the rod product, and measuring by using a steel tape or a steel plate tape according to the application; the strip or rattan-woven product is produced according to the design by visual inspection, hand moulding, with the aid of a measuring tape or the like. (2) Sampling method and number of samples: the samples to be extracted must be representative, and should be extracted at different parts of the same batch of goods by not less than 2% of the total amount. (3) And (3) evaluation: and checking whether the unqualified items exist, and allowing double sampling for rechecking, wherein if the unqualified items still exist, the product is judged to be unqualified.
And 4, step 4: and (3) packaging and transporting: the strip-woven and rattan-woven furniture should be packaged or padded during transportation to prevent corrosion and injury; when the rods are transported outwards, the rods are bundled into a bundle according to the number of 20 or 25, the two ends of the rods are screwed by iron wires, and in the transporting process, canvas and other objects are applied to cover the rods.
And (3) storage: the processed rods are bound and stacked in the storage process, the drying and ventilation are kept, the processed strip-woven and rattan-woven furniture is dried, ventilated, dampproof, anti-pollution and rat and insect pest prevention in the storage process, and a liner is added in the stacking storage process to prevent abrasion and pressure loss.
Example 2 application example
The planting method of the white wax stalks of the willow river town Luhucun in Ningling county comprises the following steps:
step 1: seedling cultivation:
(1) seed strip collection: after leaf dropping and before sprouting in the next year, selecting annual thick branches with full development and plump buds and the top of annual white wax stems, and cutting the annual thick branches into the length of 20-30 cm.
(2) Cultivation:
soil conditions: and (4) loam soil.
Planting area: and (7) plain.
Planting time: in the autumn planting in some years, in the spring planting in some years, the seedlings are planted in the autumn after fallen leaves until the soil is frozen, and the seedlings are planted in the spring planting after the soil is unfrozen until the seedlings sprout.
Planting mode: and (4) cutting the branches into branches with the length of 20-30 cm, and performing direct cutting cultivation.
Planting density: the method is characterized in that a grain intercropping mode is adopted in a planting area, specifically, a farming belt and a planting belt are arranged in the planting area, the farming belt is used for farming grain crops, and the planting belt is used for planting white wax. Generally, the distance between the piers is 0.2 to 0.3 meter, the row distance between the piers is 0.5 to 0.6 meter, the belt distance is 8 to 20 meters (namely, the cultivation bandwidth is 8 to 20 meters), and the rows are cultivated in the south and the north or along the terrain; 20-30 rods can be reserved in each pier according to the ventilation and light transmission principle.
(3) Management:
management in summer: timely bud picking is carried out on the cultured wax rods, and pinching is carried out after the cultured wax rods reach a certain height according to the culture purpose.
And (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: watering is carried out immediately after the cuttings, watering can be carried out once every 20 days when meeting dry weather after germination, topdressing is carried out when seedlings grow to 20-30 cm, 8-10 kg of urea is applied to each mu, topdressing is carried out once every month, topdressing is carried out for three times continuously, and watering is carried out after topdressing. (1) And (4) soil management, namely soil plowing is carried out by combining fertilization in spring and autumn. (2) And (4) fertilizing, wherein the base fertilizer applied in autumn and winter is mainly organic fertilizer, and the hole-fertilization nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in growing seasons. (3) Irrigation, sealing and freezing water, sprouting water and watering in growing seasons, and timely fertilizing in combination with watering, wherein the irrigation mainly comprises furrow irrigation and plant irrigation.
And (3) pest control: mechanical prevention and biological prevention and control technologies are preferably used in pest prevention and control, natural resources are protected and utilized, and high-quality, natural and pollution-free green products are cultivated. Insect pests in growing seasons are mainly used for controlling flat spiny moth, yellow spiny moth, white horned beetle and other pests, and the control time is selected according to prediction; and (4) paying attention to preventing and treating the black spot of the leaf part in rainy days.
Step 2: harvesting:
(1) the harvesting time is from 9 to 11 months in the last ten days of each year.
(2) And (5) carrying out artificial harvest according to the classification according to the culture purpose.
(3) The white wax rod was sawn off at 2 cm from the base using a handsaw with the head removed. After sawing the rod, the saw cut is scraped by a sharp knife and is coated with wax or white latex for protection.
(4) And (3) harvesting period: and (4) harvesting the white wax rods after 3-4 years of planting. 8900-13350 white wax rods can be collected per mu.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that equivalent changes or modifications in the structure, features and principles described in the present invention should be included in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The planting method of the economic forest of the Fraxinus chinensis is characterized in that a grain strip or grain rod intercropping mode is adopted in a planting area, a farming belt and a planting belt are arranged in the planting area, the farming belt is used for farming grain crops, the planting belt is used for planting Fraxinus chinensis, the planting belt is wide by 1.5 meters, the farming belt is wide by 8-20 meters, and the Fraxinus chinensis rods and/or Fraxinus chinensis strips in the planting belt are planted in a pier shape.
2. The planting method of the economic forest of Fraxinus chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of piers is 0.2-0.3 m, the row spacing of piers is 0.5-0.6 m, 445 piers per mu.
3. The planting method of economic forest of Fraxinus chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the strips of Fraxinus chinensis are cultivated, every 30-100 strips form a pier; when white wax rods are cultured, every 20-30 rods form a pier; when the white wax rods and the white wax strips are cultured in a mixed mode, each 10-25 rods form a pier, and the white wax strips are planted around the root of each rod.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row direction of the white wax stalks and the white wax strips is set to north-south or to-north cultivation.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditions of the growing area are amphibolic soil, loam, sandy soil or gravelly soil.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting area is a hilly area, a plain area or a sandy area.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting time of the Fraxinus chinensis is autumn planting or spring planting, the autumn planting is after fallen leaves and before the soil is frozen, and the spring planting is after the soil is thawed and before germination.
8. The method for planting the economic forest of white wax, according to claim 7, wherein the harvesting time of the white wax stalks and strips is 9 to 11 months per year, the white wax strips planted in spring can be mowed in the same year, and then are mowed once per year, and the white wax stalks are harvested after being planted for 3 to 4 years.
9. The method for planting the economic forest of Fraxinus chinensis Franch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Fraxinus chinensis Franch is collected from nursery, and annual thick branches with full development and plump buds or tops of Fraxinus chinensis Franch collected in the same year are selected, cut into 20-30 cm long, and cultivated by in-line.
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