CN115088542B - Stock capable of improving nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach tree, and cultivation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Stock capable of improving nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach tree, and cultivation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115088542B CN115088542B CN202210318097.5A CN202210318097A CN115088542B CN 115088542 B CN115088542 B CN 115088542B CN 202210318097 A CN202210318097 A CN 202210318097A CN 115088542 B CN115088542 B CN 115088542B
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- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 241001631271 Prunus fasciculata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000006041 Prunus persica f compressa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000006522 Prunus persica f. compressa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006029 Prunus persica var nucipersica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000017714 Prunus persica var. nucipersica Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014075 nitrogen utilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 240000005809 Prunus persica Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101001018064 Homo sapiens Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033472 Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 244000038561 Modiola caroliniana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010703 Modiola caroliniana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220304 Prunus dulcis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000024346 drought recovery Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a stock for improving the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach trees, and a cultivation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and orchard nitrogen management. The invention obtains the hybrid by hybridizing the wild peach with the peach stock GF677, seeds the hybrid to obtain the seedling, and selects the young shoots of the seedling with developed root system to carry out tender branch cutting, the obtained self-rooted seedling is the required stock, the root system is developed, the capillary roots are more, and compared with the traditional peach stock-wild peach, the root system activity of the stock is high, the nitrogen absorption and utilization rate is high, the grafting affinity with the peach scion is high, and the popularization and the application in the fruit tree production practice are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and orchard nitrogen management, and particularly relates to a stock capable of improving peach nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, and a cultivation method and application thereof.
Background
The disclosure of this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Nitrogen is a necessary nutrient element in the growth and development process of fruit trees, and has important influence on the growth and development of the fruit trees, the fruit yield and the quality. In peach tree production, fruit agriculture one-sided pursue yield, and excessive nitrogen application phenomenon is common. Excessive application of nitrogen causes the quality of peach fruits to be reduced, and physiological diseases are numerous, so that the high quality and high yield of the peaches are restricted, and serious environmental pollution is caused.
Most peach gardens are distributed on the rough land, the hilly land and the beach land, and have the disadvantages of thin soil layer, low organic matter content, unbalanced nutrient, poor air permeability, low water and fertilizer retention capacity and the like. In the production, the fertilizer is emphasized, the application of the organic fertilizer is light, and the soil management mainly adopts the soil cleaning, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low, the quality of the orchard soil is reduced, and the improvement of the yield and the quality of peaches is restricted. The nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency is improved, and the investment of nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced; in addition, the peach stock resource which is efficiently utilized by nitrogen is selected and used, which is important to improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer.
The traditional method for improving the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of the peach orchard is mainly used for improving soil, improving fertilization measures and regulating and controlling fertilizer types. The inventor finds that the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of the peach is improved by selecting the nitrogen efficient stock resources from the peach stock.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a stock for improving the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach trees and a cultivation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cultivation method of a stock for improving nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach trees, the method comprising: hybridizing the wild peach with the peach stock GF677 to obtain hybrid seeds, sowing the hybrid seeds to obtain seedlings, selecting the seedlings with developed root systems for cutting propagation, and obtaining self-rooted seedlings which are the required stocks. This stock was designated TZ1.
The peach is hybridized with the peach stock GF677, so that the finally obtained stock has the advantages of high root activity, high nitrogen absorption and utilization rate, high grafting affinity and the like.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stock TZ1 obtained by the cultivation method described above.
In a third aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a stock in any one or more of:
a) Grafting peach trees;
b) The nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach trees is improved;
c) Reducing the nitrogen application amount of peach trees;
d) And the yield and/or quality of peach trees are improved.
In four aspects of the invention, a method for improving the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach trees is provided, and the method comprises the following steps: grafting the peach variety as scion onto the stock TZ1.
The beneficial technical effects of one or more of the technical schemes are as follows:
according to the technical scheme, the wild peach and the peach stock GF677 are hybridized to obtain the hybrid seeds, the hybrid seeds are sowed to obtain seedlings, young shoots of the seedlings with developed root systems are selected for tender branch cutting, the obtained self-rooted seedlings are the required stocks, the root systems are developed, capillary roots are more, and compared with the traditional peach stock-wild peach, the root system of the stock is high in activity, high in nitrogen absorption and utilization rate and high in grafting affinity with peach scions, and the wild peach stock is convenient to popularize and apply in fruit tree production practice.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof. It is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The traditional method for improving the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of the peach orchard is mainly used for improving soil, improving fertilization measures and regulating and controlling fertilizer types. The peach stock itself is not used, and the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of the peach is improved by selecting the stock resources with high nitrogen efficiency.
In view of this, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for cultivating a stock for improving nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach trees is provided, the method comprising: hybridizing the wild peach with the peach stock GF677 to obtain hybrid seeds, sowing the hybrid seeds to obtain seedlings, selecting the seedlings with developed root systems for cutting propagation, and obtaining self-rooted seedlings which are the required stocks. This stock was designated TZ1.
Wherein the height of the wild peach and arbor can reach 10 meters; developing crown, and making bark smooth and dark purple; the branches are fine, upspring, mauve and hairless in young. Is a peach stock commonly used in production, and has better resistance.
The peach stock GF677 is a peach stock bred from the filial generation offspring of peach and almond in the 60 th century of France INRA, has developed root system, and has strong adaptability, salt tolerance, drought tolerance and the like to alkaline soil.
The peach is hybridized with the peach stock GF677, so that the finally obtained stock has the advantages of high root activity, high nitrogen absorption and utilization rate, high grafting affinity and the like.
The specific operation method for selecting seedlings with developed root systems for cutting propagation comprises the following steps: and selecting new shoots on seedlings with developed root systems in 7 to 9 middle days of growing season, cutting the new shoots into stem segments with the length of 10-12cm, and carrying out tender branch cutting propagation. Wherein the seedling is not limited in age, and can be 1 year old or multiple years old, and in a specific embodiment of the invention, the seedling is an annual seedling.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, a stock TZ1 obtained by the cultivation method described above is provided.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, there is provided the use of a rootstock in any one or more of the following:
a) Grafting peach trees;
b) The nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach trees is improved;
c) Reducing the nitrogen application amount of peach trees;
d) And the yield and/or quality of peach trees are improved.
The peach tree may be any of the known peach tree types, and in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the peach tree may be any of the peach tree types including round peach, nectarine, flat peach, etc.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for improving nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach tree, the method comprising: grafting the peach variety as scion onto the stock TZ1.
The grafting method can be grafting or bud grafting.
The peach variety may be any of the known peach varieties, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the peach variety may be any of the peach varieties including round peach, nectarine, flat peach, etc.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
At 4 months in 2020, at a mountain-east agricultural university garden art test station, 1-year-old wild peach seedlings with basically consistent growth vigor and 1-year-old peach stock TZ1' cutting seedlings are selected and transplanted into pots, one plant is in each pot, and 20 plants are in each stock. And (5) normal management is carried out after transplanting, and the growth conditions and cultivation management are kept consistent. For 8 months and 22 days, fertilization treatment was performed, and 3.5g of urea (0.5 g of the same 15 N marks). After one month of treatment, 3 destructive whole plants of each peach stock are randomly selected and sampled, and root growth difference and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of the two stocks are measured.
The peach stock TZ1 cutting seedling is prepared by the following steps: hybridizing the wild peach with a peach stock GF677 to obtain a hybrid, sowing the hybrid to obtain a seedling, selecting a young shoot on the seedling with developed root system 7 months in a growing season, cutting the young shoot into a stem section of 10-12cm, and carrying out tender branch cutting propagation.
The result shows that:
the growth condition of the root system can directly influence the absorption capacity of crops to moisture and nutrient, thereby influencing the growth and development of plants. As can be seen from table 1, the total root length, root tip number, crossing number, total surface area and root activity of 'TZ1' are higher than those of wild peach by 31.49%, 19.75%, 21.47%, 49.45% and 6.80%, respectively, with significant differences.
The root system activity can reflect the integral development condition of the plant root system and is an important index for comprehensively evaluating the vitality of the root system. As can be seen from table 1, the root activity of 'TZ1' is 16.14% higher than that of wild peach, with significant differences. Peach is a shallow root system fruit tree, the nutrient absorption is mainly based on thin roots, the root system of the TZ1 stock is developed, and the thin roots are more.
Table 1:2 difference of root growth of peach stock
As can be seen from table 1, the nitrogen utilization of 'TZ1' is 35.16%, which is 6.7% higher than wild peach, with significant differences; the residual nitrogen rates of the wild peach and TZ1' are 53.31 percent and 46.79 percent respectively, compared with the wild peach,
the residual nitrogen rate of 'TZ1' is 12.23% lower, and the difference is obvious.
Table 2: influence of nitrogen utilization rate, soil nitrogen residue rate and loss rate of different peach stocks
Example 2
At 4 months in 2020, 1-year-old ' Rui-Pan 21/Mao's peach ' with basically consistent growth vigor and ' Rui-Pan 21/TZ1' grafted (grafted) seedling are selected and transplanted to a mountain agricultural university garden test stationIn the pot, each pot is one plant, and each stock is 20 plants. And (5) normal management is carried out after transplanting, and the growth conditions and cultivation management are kept consistent. For 8 months and 22 days, fertilization treatment was performed, and 3.5g of urea (0.5 g of the same 15 N marks). After one month of treatment, 3 destructive whole plants of each peach stock are randomly selected and sampled, and the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of the two stock grafted seedlings is measured.
The result shows that:
as can be seen from table 3, the total length of root system of 'flat-bed 21/TZ1' is 10.35% higher, the number of root tips is 11.26% higher, the total surface area of root system is 12.09% higher, and the difference is remarkable, compared with 'flat-bed 21/peach'; compared with 'Rui Pan 21/Mao peach', the root system activity of 'Rui Pan 21/TZ1' is 10.57% higher, and the difference is obvious.
Table 3:2 differences of root system morphological indexes of peach stock grafted seedlings
As can be seen from table 4, in 2 peach grafted seedlings, the nitrogen utilization of 'flat 21/peach' is 5.40%, the nitrogen utilization of 'flat 21/TZ1' is 9.84%, which is 4.44% higher than 'flat 21/peach', and the difference is significant; the nitrogen residual rate of 'Rui-Pan 21/Mao' is higher than that of 'Rui-Pan 21/TZ 1'.
Table 4: influence of different combined nitrogen utilization rate of peach ears, soil nitrogen residual rate and loss rate
Therefore, the peach stock TZ1 has developed root systems, more fine roots and high nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, is a peach stock resource with high nitrogen efficiency, can improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency when applied to a peach garden, and effectively reduces the nitrogen application amount of the peach garden.
It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting thereof. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the examples given, those skilled in the art can make modifications and equivalents to the technical solutions of the present invention as required, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The cultivation method of the stock for improving the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of the peach tree is characterized by comprising the following steps of: hybridizing the wild peach with a peach stock GF677 to obtain a hybrid, sowing the hybrid to obtain a seedling, and selecting the seedling with developed root system for cutting propagation, wherein the obtained self-rooted seedling is the required stock;
the specific operation method for selecting seedlings with developed root systems for cutting propagation comprises the following steps: selecting young shoots on seedlings with developed root systems for tender branch cutting propagation in the middle ten days of 7-9 months;
and grafting the peach variety as scion onto the obtained stock.
2. A method of growing according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings are 1 year or more old seedlings.
3. The peach stock obtained by the cultivation method of claim 1, which is applied to improving the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach trees.
4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the peach tree is any one of nectarine and flat peach.
5. A method for improving nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach trees, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: grafting or budding peach variety as scion onto the stock of claim 1.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the peach variety is a peach tree variety of any of nectarine and flat peach.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210318097.5A CN115088542B (en) | 2022-03-29 | 2022-03-29 | Stock capable of improving nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach tree, and cultivation method and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210318097.5A CN115088542B (en) | 2022-03-29 | 2022-03-29 | Stock capable of improving nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach tree, and cultivation method and application thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115088542A CN115088542A (en) | 2022-09-23 |
| CN115088542B true CN115088542B (en) | 2024-02-13 |
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| CN202210318097.5A Active CN115088542B (en) | 2022-03-29 | 2022-03-29 | Stock capable of improving nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of peach tree, and cultivation method and application thereof |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108541577A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-18 | 芜湖飞高农业有限公司 | A kind of selection of nectarine precocity new varieties |
| CN110679469A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-14 | 山东省果树研究所 | Crossbreeding method using peach variety as female parent |
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2022
- 2022-03-29 CN CN202210318097.5A patent/CN115088542B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108541577A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-18 | 芜湖飞高农业有限公司 | A kind of selection of nectarine precocity new varieties |
| CN110679469A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-14 | 山东省果树研究所 | Crossbreeding method using peach variety as female parent |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 碱性土上GF677 与毛桃植株铁素分配规律及根系铁吸收差异研究;涂美艳 等;《西南农业学报》;第31卷(第11期);第2348-2353页 * |
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| CN115088542A (en) | 2022-09-23 |
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