CN110679469A

CN110679469A - Crossbreeding method using peach variety as female parent

Info

Publication number: CN110679469A
Application number: CN201911034626.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苑克俊; 孙瑞红; 王培久; 牛庆霖; 葛福荣
Original assignee: Shandong Institute of Pomology
Current assignee: Shandong Institute of Pomology
Priority date: 2019-10-29
Filing date: 2019-10-29
Publication date: 2020-01-14
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-29
Also published as: CN110679469B

Abstract

The invention discloses a cross breeding method using local variety Feicheng peach as female parent, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree breeding, and the technical key points are as follows: aiming at the problem that normal fruits and seeds are difficult to obtain by carrying out conventional cross breeding by taking Feicheng peaches as female parents, a cross combination which takes Feicheng peaches as female parents and eosin nectarines as male parents is found out, the normal fruits and seeds can be obtained by carrying out the conventional cross breeding, the seeds are directly sown and cultured to obtain seedlings after being refrigerated and broken and dormant, and excellent plants which keep the large size and the rich fragrance of the Feicheng peaches are screened from the cultured hybrid progeny plants. The main application of the invention is to use the hybrid combination of the invention to carry out breeding improvement on the Feicheng peaches and cultivate new species which maintain the important excellent characters of the Feicheng peaches.

Description

Crossbreeding method using peach variety as female parent

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree breeding, and particularly relates to a fruit tree breeding method.

Background

The Feicheng peaches are local varieties in China and abroad, have long cultivation history, are called Feicheng peaches and Buddha peaches, have two types of red lining Feicheng peaches and white lining Feicheng peaches, have good quality such as big fruit, sweet and sour taste, rich fragrance and the like, also have the defect of over concentrated mature period, and bring difficulty to production and sale. In order to cultivate new variety of Feicheng peaches with different maturation stages, the maturation stage is pulled open, the market competitiveness is improved, and researchers carry out research and cross breeding work. Researches show that the hybrid offspring seed embryo is shriveled and abnormal in development by using Feicheng peaches as female parent and high-quality red peaches in different maturation stages as male parent [1 ]. Therefore, the technical research of tissue culture embryo is locally carried out, the hybrid embryo is cultured by utilizing the embryo tissue culture technology, the hybrid progeny plants are successfully cultured, and some hybrid progeny and varieties which keep the main excellent characters of the Feicheng peaches are screened out, including the descendant Feicheng peaches No. 6 of the Bailifei peach multiplied by Jingchun, the descendant Feicheng peaches No. 8 of the Hongli Feicheng peaches multiplied by purple peaches, the descendant Feicheng peaches No. 9 of the Hongli Feicheng peaches multiplied by Hanlu honey [1], the descendant Feicheng peaches No. 2 of the Tianyou peach No. 1 multiplied by the Hongli Feicheng peaches, and the descendant Feicheng peaches No. 3 of the Hongli Feicheng peaches multiplied by China Shoutai [2-3], and the descendant Feicheng peaches No. 4 of the Honglicheng peach multiplied by Zize purple peaches already approved by the.

The results show that although some good filial generations and varieties of Feicheng peaches are obtained, the seeds are not obtained by direct sowing, but are obtained by means of tissue culture technology. Recent researches show that pollination of Feicheng peaches is specific, the Hongli Feicheng peaches and the Bailiqicheng peaches can self-pollinate and mutually pollinate, but 6 varieties of Shuanghong honey, China birthday peaches, Hanlu honey, Zhongyou peach No. 4, super red and golden honey are pollinated and cannot be fruited [5 ]. This further illustrates that it is difficult to obtain normal fruits and seeds by conventional cross breeding using Feicheng peaches as female parent. Fortunately, a breakthrough is made in this respect, a hybrid combination using the Feicheng peaches as female parents is found, normal fruits and seeds can be obtained through conventional hybrid breeding, and excellent hybrid plants of the Feicheng peaches which maintain the main excellent properties of large fruits, palatable sour and sweet taste, strong fragrance and the like of the Feicheng peaches are cultivated through conventional sowing, seedling culture and screening, so that a breeding method for breeding and improving the Feicheng peaches through conventional hybrid breeding is established.

Reference to the literature

[1] Zhanglianjun, Hushufang, Wangyiyinging, Zhang dao, Zhuzhiqing, hybrid breeding of Feicheng peach, plant journal, 2002, 3: 33-34

[2] Grand Yan nationality, Sun Xiangyuan, Feicheng peach fine new variety, agricultural science and technology communication, 2002, 11: 39

[3] Hushufang, zhangjun, zhao courage, and zhou guang peak, early-maturing colored new variety fei cheng peach No. 1, deciduous fruit tree, 2004, 1: 22-23

[4] Chenwenyu, Songhongri, Wangqihong, seed selection of "Feitao prince" new variety of Feicheng peaches, modern agricultural science, 2018, 15 (4): 22

[5] Liuwei, plum-cinnamon, Zhang Ying, Dong Xiaomin, Zhang Anning, the first report of investigation on pollination specificity of Feicheng peach, fruit tree in China 2015, 2: 27-29

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for cultivating fertile-city peach progeny plants by utilizing conventional crossbreeding, which specifically comprises the steps of finding out a crossbreeding combination with fertile-city peaches as female parents and eosin nectarines as male parents, carrying out conventional crossbreeding to obtain normal fruits and seeds, directly sowing and cultivating seedlings after the seeds are subjected to refrigeration and dormancy breaking treatment, and screening excellent plants which keep the excellent properties of large fruits, rich fragrance and the like of fertile-city peaches from the cultivated hybrid progeny plants.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: carrying out conventional cross breeding by taking Feicheng peaches as female parents and eosin nectarines as male parents, collecting flowers in the bell florescence in the eosin nectarines to prepare pollen, pollinating the bell flowers on one big branch of the Feicheng peaches, removing all the flowers which are opened on the big branch, and covering the whole big branch with a spun yarn net; harvesting fruits at the mature period of the fruits to obtain seeds, refrigerating the seeds, sowing the seeds in soil in a pot for seedling culture to obtain F1 generation seedlings, taking a scion bud or a scion grafting plant of the F1 generation seedlings, investigating the result condition and the fruit index after the grafted F1 generation plants have the results, sowing and cultivating F2 generation seedlings by taking F1 generation fruit seeds to obtain F2 generation plants; and the eosin smooth nectarines can be planted in the Feicheng peach orchard to serve as pollination trees, the Feicheng peaches are picked when the fruits are mature, the seeds are taken out, and the seeds are directly sown and cultured after being refrigerated and dormancy breaking treatment, and the progeny plants are cultivated for seedling selection.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) conventional crossbreeding is utilized to cultivate the descendant plants of the Feicheng peaches, and the breeding improvement technology of the Feicheng peaches obtains breakthrough progress; (2) the method is simple and easy to implement, has good effect, and obviously reduces the cost compared with the method for cultivating the descendant plants of the Feicheng peaches by utilizing the tissue culture technology; (3) the excellent plants with the excellent properties of the special taste, rich fragrance and the like of the Feicheng peaches but different maturation periods can be screened out from the cultured filial generation plants, so that the new variety of the descendants of the Feicheng peaches with different maturation periods can be cultured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of cross-breeding combinations according to the invention. Reference numeral 1, whiteli fat city peach female parent, 2, eosin smooth nectarine male parent pollen.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

Example 1 crossbreeding method of white Ribes burejense peaches as female parent and eosin nectarines as male parent

Collecting eosin nectarine flowers in the flower season of small bells in 2003 to prepare pollen, pollinating the small bells on one big branch of the white Ribes burejense peaches, removing all the flowers which are opened on the big branch, and covering the whole big branch with a spun yarn net; co-pollinating a big branch of 155 flowers, harvesting the fruits at the mature period of the fruits to obtain 29 seeds (the fruit setting rate is calculated to reach the normal level according to the calculation), carrying out sand storage treatment on the seeds in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, sowing the seeds in soil in a pot for seedling culture to obtain 7F 1 generation seedlings, wherein 1 plant dies immediately, the rest 6F 1 generation seedlings are grafted with buds of the F1 generation seedlings, and carrying out planting tests on orchards of Dayue areas in Juxian county, Taian city and fruit tree research institutes in Shandong province; and selecting F1 generation grafting trees in 2019 to investigate the result condition.

TABLE 1 Feicheng peach progeny plants cultivated using the technique of the invention

Sowing seeds of F1 progeny fruits in 2009 to obtain F2 seedling plants, and performing planting tests in fruit tree research institute orchards in Shandong province; and selecting F2 generation grafting trees in 2019 to investigate the result condition.

The results show that the plants of the F1 generation all maintain the characteristics of rich aroma and good hair of the Feicheng peaches, wherein the F1 generation No. 1-2 plants maintain the excellent characteristics of large fruits, proper sour and sweet taste and rich aroma of the Feicheng peaches, and are selected as excellent plants and excellent lines (Table 1). The mature period of the F2 generation No. 2-1 and No. 2-2 plants is similar to that of Feicheng peaches, but the fruits are unhappy and have strong sour taste, and the taste of the Feicheng peaches is not maintained (Table 1). The progeny No. x-1, No. x-2 and No. x-3 also keep the excellent properties of big size, proper sour and sweet taste and strong fragrance of the Feicheng peaches; considering the above properties and appearance, x-1 is selected as superior strain and superior line, and has high soluble solid content (Table 1).

Claims

1. A cross breeding method using local variety Feicheng peach as female parent is characterized in that: a hybridization combination of Feicheng peach as female parent and eosin nectarine as male parent is used for conventional hybridization breeding to obtain normal fruit and seed, and the seed can be directly sown, raised in seedling and cultivated in progeny plant after being refrigerated and broken in dormancy.

2. The seedling seed selection and breeding method based on the claim 1 is characterized in that: and planting eosin nectarines in the Feicheng peach orchard to serve as pollination trees, picking Feicheng peaches when the fruits are mature, taking out seeds, directly sowing and raising seedlings and cultivating progeny plants after refrigeration and dormancy breaking treatment.