CN111011206A

CN111011206A - Method for cultivating new pepper variety by distant hybridization grafting

Info

Publication number: CN111011206A
Application number: CN202010060504.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱建化
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-01-19
Filing date: 2020-01-19
Publication date: 2020-04-17

Abstract

A method for cultivating a new pepper variety by distant hybridization grafting relates to a method for cultivating a new pepper variety by distant hybridization, and comprises the following steps: a, adopting Fujian Yongan yellow pepper as a male parent and Hunan yellow tribute pepper as a female parent; b, when the flower bud of the male parent is initially bloomed, taking down the stamen of the male parent; c, collecting male pollen for later use; d, removing stamens of the female parent; completing pollination of the male parent and the female parent; e, picking the peppers when the peppers are all yellow, and fully cooking the peppers; f, taking the seeds to obtain hybrid pepper seeds. Further: g, replanting the hybrid seeds in the step f to form scions; forming the gold bullet peppers into rootstocks; i, inserting the scion into the stock; and j, taking out the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings, transplanting the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings into a field until the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings are mature, and taking out the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings to obtain a new variety, namely Huangzhonghuang. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the new variety-Huangzhonghuang has the characteristics of precocity, disease resistance, high spiciness, good taste, high yield and the like; the yield is high, and the average yield per mu of fresh pepper is 2800-; the dry pepper and fresh pepper can be used for both dry and fresh, and the blank of the dry and fresh two-purpose variety of the yellow pepper in China is filled.

Description

Method for cultivating new pepper variety by distant hybridization grafting

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for cultivating a new pepper variety, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating a new pepper variety by adopting distant variety hybridization and grafting.

Background

The pepper has been planted in China for thousands of years, and is more and more recognized by people along with the improvement of living standard of people, so that the pepper has very important effects on preventing and resisting diseases, cold and virus influenza, cancers and on human health.

However, due to the pepper variety, it is easy to generate: blight, verticillium wilt, virus disease, root rot, bacterial wilt and other diseases. Therefore, in the planting process of farmers, on one hand, the investment of disease prevention and treatment is increased, on the other hand, the yield and the quality of the peppers are seriously influenced, and relatively serious economic loss is caused to pepper farmers.

The invention adopts a distant variety hybridization and grafting method to breed a new pepper variety, thereby solving the problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating a new pepper variety by distant hybridization grafting, and the cultivated new pepper variety has the characteristics of good disease resistance, moderate pungency, good taste and high yield.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:

a method for cultivating a new pepper variety by distant hybridization grafting is characterized by comprising the following steps: a, adopting Fujian Yongan yellow pepper as a male parent and Hunan yellow tribute pepper as a female parent; planting respectively; b, when the flower bud of the male parent is initially bloomed, taking down the stamen of the male parent; c, transferring the stamens of the male parent into a sterilized plastic bag, then placing the bag on paper, storing the bag in a shade place, and naturally drying the bag in the air; collecting the male pollen fallen on the paper for later use; d, when the flower bud of the female parent is initially opened, removing the stamen of the female parent; pollinating male pollen of the male parent to the stigma of the pistil of the female parent to finish the pollination of the male parent and the female parent; and marking; e, picking the red pepper when the red pepper is full yellow, and putting the red pepper in a shade place for 3-5 days to be fully cooked; f, taking the seeds to obtain hybrid pepper seeds.

Further:

the invention also comprises the following steps:

g, planting the hybrid seeds in the step f (usually in a greenhouse), taking 20 cm (cut off by using a disinfection blade) of the hybrid seeds, and peeling two surfaces of the lower end part of the hybrid seeds by using the disinfection blade to form scions according to the mechanism, seedling tray and seedling culture required by common pepper planting for 60 days; planting gold bullet pepper seeds cultivated by good source seed industry limited company of Shangqiu city, Henan province, and growing seedlings for 70 days in a greenhouse, removing the heads of the gold bullet pepper seedlings (cutting off by using a disinfection blade), leaving 10 cm at the root parts, and cutting off 2 cm openings in the middle parts by using the disinfection blade to form rootstocks; i, inserting the scion into the stock, and clamping the scion at a grafting opening by using a clamp for grafting pepper seedlings; j, normally managing the common pepper, removing the clamp after one month, taking out the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings, transplanting the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings into a field until the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings are mature, and taking out the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings to obtain a new variety, namely Huangzhonghuang.

And d, in the pollination, a pollen stick (a small brush) is adopted to pick up pollen of the male parent and place the pollen on the column head of the female parent during operation.

In the step f, the seed taking means that pepper skins are separated by using a skin separator, and then defective seeds are removed to form hybrid seeds for storage. Wherein, the defective seeds are removed by putting the seeds into water, removing the defective seeds, filtering the seeds by gauze and drying the seeds in the sun. It can also be: the blower is used for removing the defective seeds.

In step j, 1800 plants per mu are cultivated.

The male parent Fujian Yongan yellow pepper is characterized in that: compact plant type, centralized fruit setting, moderate and low pungency (the pungency is 70000 + 80000 SHU), bright yellow, conical round and short and thick appearance (the diameter is generally 2.5-3.0 cm thick and the length is 6-9 cm long), high yield (the yield per mu can reach 1250 + 1750 kg), general disease resistance, and 15-20% of plant death rate when the plants are planted in severe disease areas such as blight, verticillium wilt, root rot, bacterial wilt and the like. Belongs to the vegetable pepper type. Yongan yellow pepper belongs to late-maturing variety of pepper. The cultivation in spring is carried out for 60-70 days from the field planting to the initial harvest; the yield is moderate; green ripe fruit, orange ripe fruit, spicy fruit with fragrance and high quality. The selling price of the fresh pepper is 3.6-5 yuan/kg. The planting time of the Fujian Yongan yellow pepper is spring, and is 3-5 months in each year.

The female parent Hunan yellow tribute pepper is characterized in that: the plant type is tall, the early ripening is early, the hot degree of the spicy type is moderate and higher (the hot degree is about 100000 SHU), the taste is good, the yellow color is gorgeous, the appearance is round and slender (the diameter is 1-2 cm in general, and the length is 7-10 cm in general), and the defects are that: the yield is low, the fresh pepper yield per mu is 750-. The flower and fruit period is 5-10 months, and the full fruit period is 8-9 months. The selling price of the fresh pepper is 3-4 yuan/kg. The planting time of the Hunan Huanggong pepper is spring planting, and the early 3 months to the end 4 months of each year.

The stock selected by grafting is a gold bullet cultivated by a good source species industry limited company in Shangqiu city, Henan province, and is characterized in that: early-middle-aged, slightly spicy, thick peel, high plant height, high yield and strong disease resistance.

The design principle of the invention is as follows: the principle of the hybridization seed selection and rootstock grafting scheme is as follows: the male parent and the female parent are distant in selected region (the Yongan yellow pepper is produced in Yongan city of Fujian province, and the female parent Hunan yellow Gong pepper is produced in Hengdong county of Hunan province), consistent in color (the male parent Fujian Yongan yellow pepper and the female parent Hunan yellow Gong pepper are all bright yellow), outstanding in advantages (the characteristics of attractive appearance, moderate pungency and fragrant taste of the male parent Fujian Yongan yellow pepper and the female parent Hunan yellow Gong pepper are reserved), and mutually eliminated in disadvantages (the disadvantages of common disease resistance and lower yield of the male parent Fujian Yongan yellow pepper and the Hunan yellow Gong pepper are eliminated). Grafting aims to improve the disease resistance and yield; the rootstock not only requires strong affinity with the scion, but also has strong stress resistance and adaptability to soil; so that the local fine variety-Henan Shangqiu gold bullet is finally selected.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the new variety-Huangzhonghuang has the characteristics of precocity, disease resistance, high spiciness, good taste, high yield and the like, and has uniform thickness and length (generally, the diameter is 2-2.5 cm, and the length is 8-12 cm); the disease resistance is strong, and the plant death rate reaches 6-10% when the plants are planted in severe disease areas such as blight, verticillium wilt, root rot and bacterial wilt in a test way; the pungency degree is moderate and is between the male parent and the female parent, and the spicy pungency degree is moderate (the pungency degree is about 90000 SHU); high yield, the flower and fruit period is 5-10 months, and the full fruit period is 8-9 months; 15 g of seeds are used for 1 mu, and 2600 seeds and 2800 seeds are used for each mu. 1800 plants are cultivated per mu, the yield of each plant is 480-; the dry pepper and the fresh pepper can be used for both dry and fresh, and the blank of the dry and fresh two-purpose variety of the yellow pepper in China is filled; after being dried in the sun, about 750 kg of dry pepper can be produced per mu. The income is good, and the selling price of the fresh pepper is 5.6-6 yuan/kg; the planting universality is good, and the pepper can be planted in all the regions of the country.

The test planting effect is as follows: in 2019, the seeds are tested for 21 mu in Huaxian and Neihuang provinces in Henan province, and fresh pepper 3022 kg is produced per mu. Wherein, 3 mu per mu of Zhao Ying Zhen Zhuang village in the Hua county in Henan province, 3108.5 kg per mu yield, 2.2 mu per mu of Zhao Zhuang village in the six villages in the Huang county in Henan province, and 3099 kg per mu yield.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in further detail with reference to examples below.

Detailed Description

Example 1: a method for cultivating a new pepper variety by distant hybridization grafting comprises the following steps of a, adopting Fujian Yongan yellow pepper as a male parent and taking Hunan yellow Gong pepper as a female parent; planting (planting in a greenhouse) respectively; b when the flower bud of the male parent is in the first bloom, utilizing 8 in the morning: 00-10: taking down stamens of the male parent during 00 hours; c, transferring the stamens of the male parent into a sterilized plastic bag, then placing the bag on paper, storing the bag in a shade place, and naturally drying the bag in the air; the following day, 8 am: 00-10: 00, collecting male pollen falling on paper for later use; d when the female parent buds initially bloom, using the ratio of 8 in the morning: 00-10: 00, removing stamens of the female parent; pollinating male pollen of the male parent to the stigma of the pistil of the female parent to finish the pollination of the male parent and the female parent; and marking; e, picking the red pepper when the red pepper is full yellow, and putting the red pepper in a shade place for 3-5 days to be fully cooked; f, taking seeds to obtain hybrid pepper seeds; g, replanting the hybrid seeds in the step f (planting the hybrid seeds in a greenhouse), taking 20 cm (cutting off by using a disinfection blade) of the hybrid seeds, a seedling tray and seedling culture for 60 days according to the requirements of common pepper planting, and peeling two surfaces of the lower end part by using the disinfection blade to form scions; planting gold bullet pepper seeds cultivated by good source seed industry limited company of Shangqiu city, Henan province, and growing seedlings for 70 days in a greenhouse, removing the heads of the gold bullet pepper seedlings (cutting off by using a disinfection blade), leaving 10 cm at the root parts, and cutting off 2 cm openings in the middle parts by using the disinfection blade to form rootstocks; i, inserting the scion into the stock, and clamping the scion at a grafting opening by using a clamp for grafting pepper seedlings; j, normally managing according to the growth requirement of the pepper, removing the clamp after one month, taking out the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings, transplanting the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings into a field until the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings are mature, and taking out the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings to obtain a new variety, namely Huangzhonghuang.

In step j, 1800 plants per mu are cultivated.

The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating a new pepper variety by distant hybridization grafting is characterized by comprising the following steps: a, adopting Fujian Yongan yellow pepper as a male parent and Hunan yellow tribute pepper as a female parent; planting respectively; b, when the flower bud of the male parent is initially bloomed, taking down the stamen of the male parent; c, transferring the stamens of the male parent into a sterilized plastic bag, then placing the bag on paper, storing the bag in a shade place, and naturally drying the bag in the air; collecting the male pollen fallen on the paper for later use; d, when the flower bud of the female parent is initially opened, removing the stamen of the female parent; pollinating male pollen of the male parent to the stigma of the pistil of the female parent to finish the pollination of the male parent and the female parent; and marking; e, picking the red pepper when the red pepper is full yellow, and putting the red pepper in a shade place for 3-5 days to be fully cooked; f, taking the seeds to obtain hybrid pepper seeds.

2. The method for cultivating a new pepper variety by distant hybridization grafting according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: g, replanting the hybrid seeds in the step f, taking 20 cm of the hybrid seeds, removing the peel of two surfaces of the lower end part of the hybrid seeds by using a disinfection blade according to the requirements of normal pepper planting on mechanism, seedling tray and seedling culture for 60 days to form scions; planting gold bullet pepper seeds cultivated by good source seed industry limited company of Shangqiu city, Henan province, and growing seedlings in a greenhouse for 70 days, removing the heads of the gold bullet pepper seedlings, keeping 10 cm at the root parts, and cutting a 2 cm opening in the middle part by using a disinfection blade to form a stock; i, inserting the scion into the stock, and clamping the scion at a grafting opening by using a clamp for grafting pepper seedlings; j, normally managing the common pepper, removing the clamp after one month, taking out the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings, transplanting the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings into a field until the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings are mature, and taking out the hybrid grafted pepper seedlings to obtain a new variety, namely Huangzhonghuang.