CN105359960A - Populus cross breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a populus cross breeding method. The method includes female parent dwarfing, setting of hybrid plastic greenhouse, pollination, capsule management, seed harvesting, sowing, seedling management and other steps. The method provided by the invention reduces the operation difficulty of populus cross pollination, has no need of setting a stand on a big tree outdoors, and also does not need bagged isolation on each flower bud, thereby saving cost, and the operation can be safer. At the same time, the method provided by the invention also has the advantages of good seed quality, earlier seed maturity, enhanced current increment of crossbred seedlings and the like, thus being a safer, more economical and efficient cross breeding method.

Description

A kind of Hybridization Breeding of Poplar method

Technical field

The invention belongs to plant hybridization breeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Hybridization Breeding of Poplar method.

Background technology

Populus (Populus) is subordinate to Salicaceae, is divided into again five and sends greatly: Section Tacamahaca (Tacamahaca), Properties of Populus Clones (Leuce), Aigeiros (Aigeiros), diversiform-leaved poplar send (Turanga), Leucoides (Leucoides).Having many uses of poplar, has become plywood, fiber board, papermaking, match, hygienic chopsticks and the important of packing business and has processed raw material.Therefore greatly develop Cultivating Fast-growing Poplar Plantation, for meeting China's timber market demand, reduce that external timber relies on, more available protecting natural forest is significant.Development high-yield poplar plantation, key is the Poplar Varieties selecting fast-growing, high yield, high-quality, resistance, and current crossbreeding is the main channel obtaining Poplar Varieties.

Willow hybridization is current mainly contains two kinds of methods, and namely a water culture is cut in outdoor large tree built method and indoor.The advantage of outdoor large tree built method is that capsule is reached maturity naturally, and can obtain a large amount of seed thus can carry out high strength selection, capsule puberty Comparison of Management is simple, and seed quality is better; Its shortcoming is because need to arrange the shelf almost contour with maternal plant around maternal plant tree body, also needs in addition to carry out bagging isolation, costly, and poor stability, inconvenient operation is very loaded down with trivial details.It is low, easy to operate that a water culture expense is cut in indoor, safety, simultaneously by controlling chamber environment blooming control, overcomes the florescence difficulty caused such as of short duration; Its shortcoming mainly seed production is low, of poor quality, if manage bad, is difficult to obtain seed.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is for above-mentioned defect: provide a kind of safety economy efficient Hybridization Breeding of Poplar method, the method had both inherited that outdoor large tree built method capsule is reached maturity naturally, seed is many, the management of capsule puberty is simple, the good advantage of seed quality, possessed again indoor simultaneously and cut handling safety that a water culture has, without advantages such as bagging isolation, expense are low.

To achieve these goals, this invention takes following technical measures:

A kind of Hybridization Breeding of Poplar method, comprises the following steps:

1) maternal dwarfing: carry the previous year and make bed, cultivate stock according to 60 × 60cm seeding row spacing cuttage poplar branch; By stock overhead about 5cm cut off, otch will be put down and not splitting as far as possible; Thick 1.5-2cm is gathered from female parent, bud satiation, without the spray of damage by disease and insect after fallen leaves, select the maternal spray of corresponding rugosity according to stock rugosity, intercept the spray top tip, make the long 10-15cm of spray, spray stays 1-3 bud, adopt cleft grafting mode by maternal spray grafting on stock;

2) hybridization plastic tunnel is set: wide according to 2.5m, 2.0m high, length is according to seedbed length, hybridization plastic tunnel is set, uses bamboo chip or steel-bar arrangement greenhouse bracket, cover with agricultural film, require that film is without breakage, booth two ends are not fixed, and are convenient to control canopy temperature to shift to an earlier date or to delay the growth of maternal spray by opening and closing, and one end of booth arranges twice isolated film;

3) pollinate: from male parent spray gather pollen and artificial pollination on maternal spray, when personnel pass in and out hybridization plastic tunnel, first open one isolated film in outside, after first putting down first isolated film after entering, open second isolated film again, second isolated film is put down again after entering into hybridising region, prevent outside pollen from importing into air, then pollen is moved into culture dish from finger-type pipe, be convenient to writing brush dip, due to the sealing of hybridization plastic greenhouse, daytime all can pollinate, during pollination, pollen is dipped with writing brush, be put on the female chapiter of maternal spray gently, according to the female flower open hour, continuous pollination 3-5 days,

4) capsule management: pollinated, after capsule germinates, each spray has retained 1-2 infructescence, cut remaining infructescence, each infructescence retains 5-8 the fullest fruit, and first quarter moon waters 1 time, and water spray increases humidity simultaneously;

5) seed collection: because greenhouse temperature is high, comparatively early, at the beginning of 5 months, when most of capsule starts to split, capsule of can all gathering, puts into indoor to capsule maturation, lets alone to continue to ftracture voluntarily; Before sowing, more artificial all strip off capsules, take out whole seed;

6) sow: after capsule of gathering, dig out stock, carefully rake whole for seedbed, after soil disinfection, seedbed is laterally made into long 2m, the lectulum of wide 50cm, and the sowing of each lectulum is from the seed in an infructescence, after planting, on the basis retaining former plastic film, lid layer sunshade net is added;

7) seedling management: grow to the laggard seedling in the ranks of about 3cm nursery stock and transplant, seeding row spacing 20 × 30cm; Weed out the rank grass by hand; Prevention and elimination of disease and pests; After nursery stock grows to 10cm, throw off sunshade net; After mid or late May, after temperature gos up, two plastics open-ventilating is breathed freely.

Preferably, step 3) described in the method gathering pollen from male parent spray be:

1) collection of male parent spray: be not later than mid-February, gather spray from paternal plant, spray requires thick about the 1.5-2cm in footpath, long 20-30cm, each spray retains 3-5 bud, and spray is placed on bore and is not less than water planting in 10cm wide-mouth bottle, each wide-mouth bottle puts 3-5 spray; Different cultivars male parent spray is put into different closed chamber, and isolation, in order to avoid different pollen mixes mutually;

2) paternal pollen collection: first place printing paper in closed chamber, then the wide-mouth bottle that spray is housed is placed on printing paper, after bud is open, pollen drops on paper, waits pollen to have a certain amount of, namely takes out paper, with writing brush, pollen is moved in glass dish, remove impurity, glass dish is put into drier, dry, then pollen is moved in finger-type pipe, sealing, puts into cold compartment of refrigerator, for subsequent use.

Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:

1) the present invention is by first downgrading female parent, thus reduces the task difficulty of hybridization pollination, not be used on outdoor large tree and arrange shelf, cost saving, and operation is safer;

2) adopt plastic tunnel to carry out overall isolation, bagging isolation need not be carried out by each bud, further simplify operation;

3) seed access expansion is ripe, and seed quality is good; Seed maturity in advance, correspondingly can be sowed in advance, and cross hybrid seedling current increment improves; Hybrid seed obtain and seeding and seedling raising in same plot, shared same facility, further increase production efficiency, reduce production cost.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.

Embodiment 1

A kind of Hybridization Breeding of Poplar method, its step is as follows:

1) maternal dwarfing: carry the previous year and make bed, cultivate stock according to 60 × 60cm seeding row spacing cuttage poplar branch; By stock overhead about 5cm cut off, otch will be put down and not splitting as far as possible; Thick 1.5-2cm is gathered from female parent, bud satiation, without the spray of damage by disease and insect after fallen leaves, select the maternal spray of corresponding rugosity according to stock rugosity, intercept the spray top tip, make the long 10-15cm of spray, spray stays 1-3 bud, adopt cleft grafting mode by maternal spray grafting on stock;

2) hybridization plastic tunnel is set: wide according to 2.5m, 2.0m high, length is according to seedbed length, hybridization plastic tunnel is set, uses bamboo chip or steel-bar arrangement greenhouse bracket, cover with agricultural film, require that film is without breakage, booth two ends are not fixed, and are convenient to control canopy temperature to shift to an earlier date or to delay the growth of maternal spray by opening and closing, and one end of booth arranges twice isolated film;

3) pollinate: from male parent spray gather pollen and artificial pollination on maternal spray, when personnel pass in and out hybridization plastic tunnel, first open one isolated film in outside, after first putting down first isolated film after entering, open second isolated film again, second isolated film is put down again after entering into hybridising region, prevent outside pollen from importing into air, then pollen is moved into culture dish from finger-type pipe, be convenient to writing brush dip, due to the sealing of hybridization plastic greenhouse, daytime all can pollinate, during pollination, pollen is dipped with writing brush, be put on the female chapiter of maternal spray gently, according to the female flower open hour, continuous pollination 3-5 days,

4) capsule management: pollinated, after capsule germinates, each spray has retained 1-2 infructescence, cut remaining infructescence, each infructescence retains 5-8 the fullest fruit, and first quarter moon waters 1 time, and water spray increases humidity simultaneously;

5) seed collection: because greenhouse temperature is high, comparatively early, at the beginning of 5 months, when most of capsule starts to split, capsule of can all gathering, puts into indoor to capsule maturation, lets alone to continue to ftracture voluntarily; Before sowing, more artificial all strip off capsules, take out whole seed;

6) sow: after capsule of gathering, dig out stock, carefully rake whole for seedbed, after soil disinfection, seedbed is laterally made into long 2m, the lectulum of wide 50cm, and the sowing of each lectulum is from the seed in an infructescence, after planting, on the basis retaining former plastic film, lid layer sunshade net is added;

7) seedling management: grow to the laggard seedling in the ranks of about 3cm nursery stock and transplant, seeding row spacing 20 × 30cm; Weed out the rank grass by hand; Prevention and elimination of disease and pests; After nursery stock grows to 10cm, throw off sunshade net; After mid or late May, after temperature gos up, two plastics open-ventilating is breathed freely.

The described method gathering pollen from male parent spray is:

1) collection of male parent spray: be not later than mid-February, gather spray from paternal plant, spray requires thick about the 1.5-2cm in footpath, long 20-30cm, each spray retains 3-5 bud, and spray is placed on bore and is not less than water planting in 10cm wide-mouth bottle, each wide-mouth bottle puts 3-5 spray; Different cultivars male parent spray is put into different closed chamber, and isolation, in order to avoid different pollen mixes mutually;

2) paternal pollen collection: first place printing paper in closed chamber, then the wide-mouth bottle that spray is housed is placed on printing paper, after bud is open, pollen drops on paper, waits pollen to have a certain amount of, namely takes out paper, with writing brush, pollen is moved in glass dish, remove impurity, glass dish is put into drier, dry, then pollen is moved in finger-type pipe, sealing, puts into cold compartment of refrigerator, for subsequent use.

Cross breeding method in embodiment 1 and traditional outdoor are set greatly built method and indoor to cut a water culture and compare, the results are shown in following table:

Note: 1, seed maturity refers to from pollination to the seed maturity time used.

2, expense refers to be all hybridization one combination, obtains the expense required for 1000 strain cross hybrid seedlings.

Claims (2)

1. a Hybridization Breeding of Poplar method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

1) maternal dwarfing: carry the previous year and make bed, cultivate stock according to 60 × 60cm seeding row spacing cuttage poplar branch; By stock overhead about 5cm cut off, otch will be put down and not splitting as far as possible; Thick 1.5-2cm is gathered from female parent, bud satiation, without the spray of damage by disease and insect after fallen leaves, select the maternal spray of corresponding rugosity according to stock rugosity, intercept the spray top tip, make the long 10-15cm of spray, spray stays 1-3 bud, adopt cleft grafting mode by maternal spray grafting on stock;

2) hybridization plastic tunnel is set: wide according to 2.5m, 2.0m high, length is according to seedbed length, hybridization plastic tunnel is set, uses bamboo chip or steel-bar arrangement greenhouse bracket, cover with agricultural film, require that film is without breakage, booth two ends are not fixed, and are convenient to control canopy temperature to shift to an earlier date or to delay the growth of maternal spray by opening and closing, and one end of booth arranges twice isolated film;

3) pollinate: from male parent spray gather pollen and artificial pollination on maternal spray, when personnel pass in and out hybridization plastic tunnel, first open one isolated film in outside, after first putting down first isolated film after entering, open second isolated film again, second isolated film is put down again after entering into hybridising region, prevent outside pollen from importing into air, then pollen is moved into culture dish from finger-type pipe, be convenient to writing brush dip, due to the sealing of hybridization plastic greenhouse, daytime all can pollinate, during pollination, pollen is dipped with writing brush, be put on the female chapiter of maternal spray gently, according to the female flower open hour, continuous pollination 3-5 days,

4) capsule management: pollinated, after capsule germinates, each spray has retained 1-2 infructescence, cut remaining infructescence, each infructescence retains 5-8 the fullest fruit, and first quarter moon waters 1 time, and water spray increases humidity simultaneously;

5) seed collection: because greenhouse temperature is high, comparatively early, at the beginning of 5 months, when most of capsule starts to split, capsule of can all gathering, puts into indoor to capsule maturation, lets alone to continue to ftracture voluntarily; Before sowing, more artificial all strip off capsules, take out whole seed;

6) sow: after capsule of gathering, dig out stock, carefully rake whole for seedbed, after soil disinfection, seedbed is laterally made into long 2m, the lectulum of wide 50cm, and the sowing of each lectulum is from the seed in an infructescence, after planting, on the basis retaining former plastic film, lid layer sunshade net is added;

7) seedling management: grow to the laggard seedling in the ranks of about 3cm nursery stock and transplant, seeding row spacing 20 × 30cm; Weed out the rank grass by hand; Prevention and elimination of disease and pests; After nursery stock grows to 10cm, throw off sunshade net; After mid or late May, after temperature gos up, two plastics open-ventilating is breathed freely.

2. Hybridization Breeding of Poplar method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that step 3) described in the method gathering pollen from male parent spray be:

1) collection of male parent spray: be not later than mid-February, gather spray from paternal plant, spray requires thick about the 1.5-2cm in footpath, long 20-30cm, each spray retains 3-5 bud, and spray is placed on bore and is not less than water planting in 10cm wide-mouth bottle, each wide-mouth bottle puts 3-5 spray; Different cultivars male parent spray is put into different closed chamber, and isolation, in order to avoid different pollen mixes mutually;

2) paternal pollen collection: first place printing paper in closed chamber, then the wide-mouth bottle that spray is housed is placed on printing paper, after bud is open, pollen drops on paper, waits pollen to have a certain amount of, namely takes out paper, with writing brush, pollen is moved in glass dish, remove impurity, glass dish is put into drier, dry, then pollen is moved in finger-type pipe, sealing, puts into cold compartment of refrigerator, for subsequent use.