CN110972742A - Method for advancing autumn delay and later tomato seedling period by utilizing Guangdong-fit eggplant stock - Google Patents
Method for advancing autumn delay and later tomato seedling period by utilizing Guangdong-fit eggplant stock Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972742A CN110972742A CN201911018152.3A CN201911018152A CN110972742A CN 110972742 A CN110972742 A CN 110972742A CN 201911018152 A CN201911018152 A CN 201911018152A CN 110972742 A CN110972742 A CN 110972742A
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- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for advancing the autumn-delayed tomato seedling stage by utilizing Guangdong eggplant stocks. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) selecting rootstock and scion; (2) sowing; (3) seedling raising; (4) grafting; (5) managing after grafting; (6) and (5) transplanting. The method of the invention starts to grow seedlings at the high temperature period of 7-8 months, and advances the tomato seedling culture from the root seedlings by about one month compared with the conventional autumn-delayed tomato seedling culture, thereby bringing the tomato seedlings to the market in advance, prolonging the supply period, improving the economic benefit, and simultaneously having high seedling survival rate, more robust growth and less diseases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for advancing the autumn-delayed tomato seedling stage by utilizing Guangdong eggplant stocks.
Background
The late autumn cultivation means that the time of the product on the market is kept away from the time of the product on the market of the normally planted crop by means of late planting, low-temperature-resistant late-maturing variety and other measures, the time of the product on the market is delayed, the competitive power is enhanced, and higher income is obtained. The delayed autumn cultivation of the tomatoes generally avoids the high-temperature period of 7-8 months, the seedlings are grown at the beginning of 9 months, the tomatoes are transplanted to a field at the beginning of 10 months, and the tomatoes begin to appear on the market in 1 month of the next year. And the conventional tomato summer cultivation technology generally adopts industrial plug seedling, because the temperature is high, the seedling management difficulty is high, spindly seedlings are easily formed under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, the disease is heavy, and the seedling quality is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a method for utilizing the Guangdong eggplant stock to advance the autumn delay and then later the tomato seedling culture period, the seedling culture is started in the high-temperature period of 7-8 months, and the seedling culture of the tomato is about one month earlier than the conventional autumn delay and later the tomato seedling culture, so that the tomato is listed in advance, the supply period is prolonged, the survival rate of the seedling is high, the growth is more robust, and the occurrence of diseases is less.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for advancing the autumn delay and the later tomato seedling period by utilizing a Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock and scion: the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking a Guangdong-fit eggplant stock as a stock, and taking a tomato variety suitable for autumn delay cultivation as a scion; the female parent of the Guangdong suitable eggplant stock is Yunnan wild red eggplant, and the male parent is African wild red eggplant;
(2) sowing: sowing the stock in the middle ten days of the 7 month period, sowing the scion in the early 8 month period, soaking seeds before sowing the stock seeds and the scion seeds, and accelerating germination;
(3) seedling culture: in late 8-month ten days, the stock grows to 5 leaves and 1 heart, and the scion is ready to be grafted when growing to 3-4 leaves and 1 heart;
(4) grafting: adopting a cleft grafting method for grafting, performing horizontal cutting at a position 6-7cm away from the root of the stock, downward cutting 0.5cm at the center of the cross section of the stock, cutting 2-3 true leaves below a growing point of the scion into a double-inclined-plane wedge shape, and rapidly inserting the scion into the central cut of the cross section of the stock to combine and fix the two cut surfaces to obtain a grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) management after grafting: the grafted seedlings are subjected to heat preservation, moisture preservation and light-proof treatment by adopting a plastic arched shed, and are moved out of the plastic arched shed after 3-7 d;
(6) transplanting: and 9, transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field in the middle ten days of the month.
Further, the seed selection method of the Guangdong-fit eggplant stock in the step (1) comprises the following steps: carrying out hybridization test by taking Yunnan wild red eggplant as a female parent and African wild red eggplant as a male parent to obtain F1 generation plants; backcrossing the F1 generation plants with Yunnan wild red eggplant to obtain BC1 generation plants; selfing the BC1 plant for 5 generations to obtain the Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock.
Further, the tomato variety suitable for late autumn cultivation in the step (1) comprises one of L-402, Skong double-field, Jiafen 15, Changfeng No. 3, Jinsha No. 1 and Jinsha No. 10.
Further, before the stock seeds and the scion seeds are sowed in the step (2), the stock seeds and the scion seeds are soaked in clear water for 6-10 hours, taken out, drained, placed in a thermostat with the temperature of 28-30 ℃ for accelerating germination, and sowed after the seeds are exposed to the white.
Preferably, the rootstock is sown 10-15d ahead of the scion.
Further, the temperature in the plastic arch shed in the heat preservation treatment in the step (5) is 20-26 ℃ in the daytime, 20-22 ℃ at night and 20-22 ℃ in the ground.
Further, the relative humidity in the plastic arched shed in the moisture preservation treatment in the step (5) is 85-90%.
Further, three layers of black shading nets are covered on the ceiling of the plastic arched shed in the shading treatment in the step (5).
Further, the moisture-preserving treatment in the step (5) is specifically as follows: and spraying water on the shading net or the grafted seedlings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the Guangdong eggplant stock has wide temperature adaptability, the highest tolerance temperature is 45 ℃, the lowest tolerance temperature is 8 ℃, and the Guangdong eggplant stock can normally grow at high temperature and low temperature. Therefore, the method of the invention starts seedling culture from the high temperature period of 7-8 months, can delay the seedling culture period of the crop early in autumn, enables the tomatoes to appear on the market early, improves economic benefits and can prolong the supply period. Meanwhile, the cultivated seedlings have high survival rate, more robust growth and less diseases.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The materials used in the following examples are commercially available in a conventional manner and include, but are not limited to, L-402, Skyo, Jiafen 15, Changfeng No. 3, golden shed No. 1, and golden shed No. 10 varieties of tomato suitable for late autumn cultivation.
Example 1
A method for advancing the autumn delay and the later tomato seedling period by utilizing a Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock and scion: the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking a Guangdong-fit eggplant stock as a stock, and taking a tomato variety suitable for autumn delay cultivation as a scion; the breeding method of the Guangdong eggplant stock comprises the following steps: carrying out hybridization test by taking Yunnan wild red eggplant as a female parent and African wild red eggplant as a male parent to obtain F1 generation plants; backcrossing the F1 generation plants with Yunnan wild red eggplant to obtain BC1 generation plants; selfing the BC1 plant for 5 generations to obtain the Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock;
(2) sowing: sowing the rootstock in the middle ten days of 7 months, sowing the scion at the beginning of 8 months, soaking the rootstock seeds and the scion seeds for 6 hours by using clear water before sowing, fishing out, draining water, placing in a constant temperature cabinet at 28-30 ℃ for accelerating germination, and sowing after the seeds are exposed to the white color; the rootstock is sown 10 days ahead of the scion;
(3) seedling culture: in late 8-month ten days, the stock grows to 5 leaves and 1 heart, and the scion is ready to be grafted when growing to 3-4 leaves and 1 heart;
(4) grafting: adopting a cleft grafting method for grafting, performing horizontal cutting at a position 6cm away from the root of the stock, downward cutting 0.5cm at the center of the cross section of the stock, cutting 2-3 true leaves below a growing point of the scion into a double-inclined-plane wedge shape, and rapidly inserting the scion into the central cut of the cross section of the stock to combine and fix the two cut surfaces to obtain a grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) management after grafting: the grafted seedlings are subjected to heat preservation, moisture preservation and light-proof treatment by adopting a plastic arched shed, the temperature in the plastic arched shed in the daytime is 20 ℃, the temperature at night is 22 ℃, the ground temperature is 20 ℃, and the relative humidity is 85%, three layers of black shading nets are covered on the shed roof of the plastic arched shed, and the moisture preservation treatment can be as follows: spraying water on the shading net or the grafted seedlings; after 7d of treatment, the grafted seedlings are moved out of the plastic arched shed;
(6) transplanting: and 9, transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field in the middle ten days of the month.
Example 2
A method for advancing the autumn delay and the later tomato seedling period by utilizing a Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock and scion: the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking a Guangdong-fit eggplant stock as a stock, and taking a tomato variety suitable for autumn delay cultivation as a scion; the breeding method of the Guangdong eggplant stock comprises the following steps: carrying out hybridization test by taking Yunnan wild red eggplant as a female parent and African wild red eggplant as a male parent to obtain F1 generation plants; backcrossing the F1 generation plants with Yunnan wild red eggplant to obtain BC1 generation plants; selfing the BC1 plant for 5 generations to obtain the Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock;
(2) sowing: sowing the rootstock in the middle ten days of 7 months, sowing the scion at the beginning of 8 months, soaking the rootstock seeds and the scion seeds for 8 hours by using clear water before sowing, fishing out, draining water, placing in a constant temperature cabinet at 28-30 ℃ for accelerating germination, and sowing after the seeds are exposed to the white color; the rootstock is sown 12d ahead of the scion;
(3) seedling culture: in late 8-month ten days, the stock grows to 5 leaves and 1 heart, and the scion is ready to be grafted when growing to 3-4 leaves and 1 heart;
(4) grafting: adopting a cleft grafting method for grafting, performing horizontal cutting at a position 7cm away from the root of the stock, downward cutting 0.5cm at the center of the cross section of the stock, cutting 2-3 true leaves below a growing point of the scion into a double-inclined-plane wedge shape, and rapidly inserting the scion into the central cut of the cross section of the stock to combine and fix the two cut surfaces to obtain a grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) management after grafting: the grafted seedlings are subjected to heat preservation, moisture preservation and light-proof treatment by adopting a plastic arched shed, the temperature in the plastic arched shed in the daytime is 24 ℃, the temperature at night is 21 ℃, the ground temperature is 21 ℃, and the relative humidity is 90%, the shed top of the plastic arched shed is covered with three layers of black shading nets, and the moisture preservation treatment can be as follows: spraying water on the shading net or the grafted seedlings; after the treatment for 5d, moving the grafted seedlings out of the plastic arched shed;
(6) transplanting: and 9, transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field in the middle ten days of the month.
Example 3
A method for advancing the autumn delay and the later tomato seedling period by utilizing a Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock and scion: the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking a Guangdong-fit eggplant stock as a stock, and taking a tomato variety suitable for autumn delay cultivation as a scion; the breeding method of the Guangdong eggplant stock comprises the following steps: carrying out hybridization test by taking Yunnan wild red eggplant as a female parent and African wild red eggplant as a male parent to obtain F1 generation plants; backcrossing the F1 generation plants with Yunnan wild red eggplant to obtain BC1 generation plants; selfing the BC1 plant for 5 generations to obtain the Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock;
(2) sowing: sowing the rootstock in the middle ten days of 7 months, sowing the scion at the beginning of 8 months, soaking the rootstock seeds and the scion seeds for 10 hours by using clear water before sowing, fishing out, draining water, placing in a constant temperature cabinet at 28-30 ℃ for accelerating germination, and sowing after the seeds are exposed to the white color; the rootstock is sown 15d ahead of the scion;
(3) seedling culture: in late 8-month ten days, the stock grows to 5 leaves and 1 heart, and the scion is ready to be grafted when growing to 3-4 leaves and 1 heart;
(4) grafting: adopting a cleft grafting method for grafting, performing horizontal cutting at a position 6cm away from the root of the stock, downward cutting 0.5cm at the center of the cross section of the stock, cutting 2-3 true leaves below a growing point of the scion into a double-inclined-plane wedge shape, and rapidly inserting the scion into the central cut of the cross section of the stock to combine and fix the two cut surfaces to obtain a grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) management after grafting: the grafted seedlings are subjected to heat preservation, moisture preservation and light-proof treatment by adopting a plastic arched shed, the temperature in the plastic arched shed in the daytime is 26 ℃, the temperature at night is 20 ℃, the ground temperature is 22 ℃, and the relative humidity is 90%, three layers of black shading nets are covered on the shed roof of the plastic arched shed, and the moisture preservation treatment can be as follows: spraying water on the shading net or the grafted seedlings; after the 3d treatment, the grafted seedlings are moved out of the plastic arched shed;
(6) transplanting: and 9, transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field in the middle ten days of the month.
Comparative example 1 is a conventional self-rooted seedling cultivation method, where tomato seeds were sown in the beginning of 8 months and the self-rooted seedlings were transplanted into a field in the middle of 9 months.
Comparative example 2 is a conventional method for culturing grafted tomato seedlings after late autumn, sowing and raising seedlings at the beginning of 9 months, and transplanting to a field in the middle of 10 months.
The scion variety adopted in experimental examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 was Changfeng No. 3, and the survival rate of seedlings, the growth condition of seedlings and the incidence rate of common diseases of seedlings in one month after transplantation were respectively counted, and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 survival rate and growth of seedlings one month after transplantation
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared to the conventional self-rooted seedling cultivation method of comparative example 1 and the conventional autumn-delayed tomato grafted seedling cultivation method of comparative example 2, the survival rate of the seedlings at one month after transplantation in examples 1-3 using the method of the present invention was significantly improved, and the growth of the seedlings was better, wherein the fresh weight of the seedlings was improved by 48.72% and 13.28% respectively, the dry weight was improved by 29.82% and 12.12% respectively, the plant height was improved by 70.14% and 9.14% respectively, the main root length was improved by 81.28% and 13.82% respectively, and the root surface area was improved by 122.43% and 15.01% respectively. In the method, the rootstock is sown at the beginning of 7 months in a high-temperature period, the scion is sown at the beginning of 8 months, and the tomato seeds are directly sown at the beginning of 8 months in the same high temperature in the method of the comparative example 1, so that the survival rate of the cultivated seedlings is low, the plants are short, and the root system is not developed; and the method of comparative example 2 was used for seeding and raising seedlings at the beginning of 9 months, the survival rate and the growth condition of the seedlings were still poorer than those of examples 1-3, and the marketing period was later and the supply period was shorter.
TABLE 2 incidence of common diseases in seedlings after transplantation
| Damping off (%) | Gray mold (%) | Root rot (%) | Bacterial wilt (%) | |
| Example 1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 3.2 |
| Example 2 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 2.4 |
| Example 3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 2.7 |
| Comparative example 1 | 13.4 | 19.2 | 7.6 | 28.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 4.5 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the incidence of common diseases in the seedlings in examples 1-3 using the method of the present invention was significantly reduced, as compared to the conventional self-rooted seedling culture method of comparative example 1 and the conventional autumn delayed tomato graft culture method of comparative example 2, wherein the incidence of damping off was reduced by 95.52% and 53.85% on average, the incidence of gray mold was reduced by 93.40% and 51.28% on average, the incidence of root rot was reduced by 97.81% and 79.17% on average, and the incidence of bacterial wilt was reduced by 90.22% and 38.52% on average. The method disclosed by the invention can obviously reduce the disease incidence of the tomato in advance of the tomato seedling stage after autumn delay, has high survival rate of the seedlings and stronger growth, is suitable for popularization and application in large seedling growing fields, and has a good application prospect.
Claims (9)
1. A method for advancing the autumn delay tomato seedling stage by using a Guangdong eggplant stock is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting rootstock and scion: the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking a Guangdong-fit eggplant stock as a stock, and taking a tomato variety suitable for autumn delay cultivation as a scion; the female parent of the Guangdong suitable eggplant stock is Yunnan wild red eggplant, and the male parent is African wild red eggplant;
(2) sowing: sowing the stock in the middle ten days of the 7 month period, sowing the scion in the early 8 month period, soaking seeds before sowing the stock seeds and the scion seeds, and accelerating germination;
(3) seedling culture: in late 8-month ten days, the stock grows to 5 leaves and 1 heart, and the scion is ready to be grafted when growing to 3-4 leaves and 1 heart;
(4) grafting: adopting a cleft grafting method for grafting, performing horizontal cutting at a position 6-7cm away from the root of the stock, downward cutting 0.5cm at the center of the cross section of the stock, cutting 2-3 true leaves below a growing point of the scion into a double-inclined-plane wedge shape, and rapidly inserting the scion into the central cut of the cross section of the stock to combine and fix the two cut surfaces to obtain a grafted seedling;
(5) and (3) management after grafting: the grafted seedlings are subjected to heat preservation, moisture preservation and light-proof treatment by adopting a plastic arched shed, and are moved out of the plastic arched shed after 3-7 d;
(6) transplanting: and 9, transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field in the middle ten days of the month.
2. The method for advancing the seedling period of the tomatoes after the autumn delay by utilizing the Guangdong eggplant stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the breeding method of the Guangdong eggplant stock in the step (1) comprises the following steps: carrying out hybridization test by taking Yunnan wild red eggplant as a female parent and African wild red eggplant as a male parent to obtain F1 generation plants; backcrossing the F1 generation plants with Yunnan wild red eggplant to obtain BC1 generation plants; selfing the BC1 plant for 5 generations to obtain the Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock.
3. The method for advancing the late autumn tomato nursery stage by utilizing the Guangdong eggplant stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tomato variety suitable for late autumn cultivation in the step (1) comprises one of L-402, Skyo double-field, Jiafen 15, Changfeng No. 3, golden shed No. 1 and golden shed No. 10.
4. The method for advancing the autumn-delayed tomato seedling stage by utilizing the Guangdong eggplant stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stock seeds and the scion seeds in the step (2) are soaked in clear water for 6-10h before being sowed, are fished out, are drained, are placed in a constant temperature box at 28-30 ℃ for accelerating germination, and are sowed after the seeds are exposed to the white.
5. The method for advancing the autumn-delayed tomato seedling stage by utilizing the Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the stock is sown 10-15d earlier than the scion.
6. The method for advancing the autumn-delayed tomato seedling stage by utilizing the Guangdong eggplant stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the plastic arched shed in the heat preservation treatment of the step (5) is 20-26 ℃ in the daytime, 20-22 ℃ in the nighttime and 20-22 ℃ in the ground temperature.
7. The method for advancing the seedling stage of tomatoes after autumn elongation by using the Guangdong eggplant stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relative humidity in the plastic arched shed in the step (5) of moisturizing is 85-90%.
8. The method for advancing the autumn-delayed tomato seedling stage by utilizing the Guangdong-adapted eggplant stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (5) of shading treatment is to cover three layers of black shading nets on the shed roof of the plastic arched shed.
9. The method for advancing the autumn-delayed tomato seedling stage by utilizing the Guangdong eggplant stock as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein the moisture treatment in the step (5) is specifically as follows: and spraying water on the shading net or the grafted seedlings.
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| CN111512810A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-11 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | Melon grafting seedling method |
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