CN111869520A - Early-maturing high-yield cultivation method for enabling muskmelon to bear fruits on main vines - Google Patents
Early-maturing high-yield cultivation method for enabling muskmelon to bear fruits on main vines Download PDFInfo
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- CN111869520A CN111869520A CN202010723878.3A CN202010723878A CN111869520A CN 111869520 A CN111869520 A CN 111869520A CN 202010723878 A CN202010723878 A CN 202010723878A CN 111869520 A CN111869520 A CN 111869520A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating melons to enable main vines to bear fruits early and high in yield, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The invention discloses a method for cultivating melons to enable main vines of the melons to bear fruits early and high in yield. The early-maturing high-yield cultivation method can enable the main vines of the muskmelon plants to bear fruits, does not have side vines, is compact in plant type, is ventilated and light-transmitting, is convenient to manage and saves labor; compared with the traditional lateral vine fruit bearing, the fruit bearing of the main vine has the advantages of high growth speed, early marketing, great single fruit, high yield and the like, thereby improving the economic benefit and the social benefit of the melon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for cultivating melons in an early maturing and high yield mode, wherein the melons can bear fruits on main vines.
Background
The fructus melo (Cucumis melo) is a plant of Cucurbitaceae and Cucumis, and has sweet fruit, rich saccharide, starch, and small amount of protein, mineral and other vitamins; fresh food is taken as the main raw material, and dried fruits, preserved fruits, fruit juice, jam, pickled products and the like can also be prepared; is an important economic crop in China, and the production of melons is one of the main industries for increasing the economic income of farmers.
The muskmelon is of the same plant type of the amphoteric flower and the hermaphrodite heterobloom, and the amphoteric flower pollinates and develops into a fruit; in production, most of melon varieties can not form amphoteric flowers on main vines, and the fruits need to be grown by side vines, namely, the fruits are grown by the amphoteric flowers on the side branches after the side branches grow on the main vines; the core of the lateral branch is removed after the fruit is cut, which not only takes labor, but also causes the plant to close due to the existence of the lateral vine and has poor ventilation and light transmission.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a method for cultivating melons to bear fruits in a premature and high-yield manner.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for cultivating melons at early maturity and high yield, which can make melons grow amphoteric flowers on main vines and fruit the melons; compared with lateral vine fruit bearing, the method can not only mature and harvest in advance, but also ventilate and transmit light for plants, save labor for lateral vine core picking, and obviously improve the yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating muskmelons with early maturity and high yield is characterized in that on the basis of a traditional muskmelon cultivation method, the following adjustments are carried out:
(1) when 4-6 true leaves of the melon seedlings are planted, ethephon treatment is carried out; the ethephon treatment concentration is 150-200 ppm;
(2) performing temperature management after ethephon treatment until fruit setting; the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime (beginning of brightness and ending of darkness) and 12-15 ℃ at night;
(3) pruning and fruit retention: pruning is started when the main vines are 35-45cm high, pruning is started for a single vine, and all lateral branches on the main vines are removed; fruit is retained in the amphoteric flowers appearing in the main vine sections 13-18.
Further, the ethephon processing method in the step (2) comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying ethephon on the growing points of the plants.
Further, the fruit retention method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: 3-4 fruits are left in each plant of the thin-skin melon; the muskmelon is of small fruit type (such as Xingshan No. 34, Jiaozxue No. 6, Tianxiang No. 1, etc.), and 2-3 fruits are reserved for each plant; the muskmelon has big fruit type (such as Sizhou honey No. 25, Allus, Rehong, etc.), and each plant has 1 fruit.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the early maturing high-yield cultivation method for enabling the main vines of the melons to bear fruits, and the method for cultivating the melons is free of lateral vines, compact in plant type, ventilated and transparent, convenient to manage and capable of saving labor; the main vine fruit can be precocious for 5-7 days, and can be listed in order, and the yield is obviously improved, so that the economic benefit and the social benefit of the melon are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for cultivating melons to enable main vines to bear fruits early and high in yield, which comprises the following steps: seedling raising, field planting, temperature light and water fertilizer management during the field planting to treatment, treatment period, treatment preparation, treatment concentration, treatment method, temperature light and water fertilizer management after treatment, pruning and fruit retention method, and management from fruit setting to fruit ripening. The melon variety used in each example is only for illustration and is not limited to be used for the variety, and the cultivation method of the invention is also applicable to other melon varieties.
Example 1 Boyang 61 Main vine fruiting
A method for cultivating muskmelons with early maturity and high yield for leading the muskmelons to bear fruits comprises the following specific steps:
the variety Boyang 61 is cultivated in a sunlight greenhouse by using a plug substrate in 1 month and 2 days, the seedlings are fixedly planted in the sunlight greenhouse when 3-4 true leaves are planted in the sunlight greenhouse in 2 months and 14 days, 2000 plants are planted in each mu, the sunlight greenhouse does not release wind as much as possible during seedling revival after fixed planting, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime/15-18 ℃ at night, the temperature is reduced by properly ventilating after revival, and the temperature is reduced by 20-25 ℃ in the daytime/12-15 ℃ at night. Performing ethephon treatment when 4-6 true leaves of sweet melon seedlings are planted in 25 days in 2 months, wherein the treatment concentration is 150ppm, and the treatment method is that ethephon is uniformly sprayed on growing points of plants, and each plant is about 6 ml; after treatment, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night; pruning a single vine, and removing all lateral branches on the main vine; artificial pollination or Guarding treatment is carried out on amphoteric flowers which appear in 13-18 sections of the main vines in 22-25 days in 3 months to promote fruit setting, normal and upright young fruits are selected from the amphoteric flowers when the size of the young fruits is about 10cm, 3-4 young fruits are planted in each plant, and pinching is carried out when the main vines grow to be about 2m high. After fruits are left, watering and topdressing in the morning on a sunny day, combining watering and topdressing for 1 time after 10 days, wherein the topdressing is a high-potassium compound fertilizer, then watering for 1-2 times according to weather and soil moisture content, and no watering and topdressing are carried out 10 days before the fruits are mature.
Example 2 Boyang 72 Main vine fruiting
A method for cultivating muskmelons with early maturity and high yield for leading the muskmelons to bear fruits comprises the following specific steps:
the variety Boyang 72 is cultivated in a sunlight greenhouse by using a plug substrate in 1 month and 2 days, the seedlings are fixedly planted in the sunlight greenhouse when 3-4 true leaves are planted in the sunlight greenhouse in 2 months and 14 days, 2000 plants are planted in each mu, the sunlight greenhouse does not release wind as much as possible during seedling revival after fixed planting, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime/15-18 ℃ at night, the temperature is reduced by properly ventilating after revival, and the temperature is reduced by 20-25 ℃ in the daytime/12-15 ℃ at night. Performing ethephon treatment when 4-6 true leaves of sweet melon seedlings are planted in 25 days in 2 months, wherein the treatment concentration is 175ppm, and the treatment method is that ethephon is uniformly sprayed on growing points of plants, and each plant is about 6 ml; after treatment, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night; pruning a single vine, and removing all lateral branches on the main vine; artificial pollination or Guarding treatment is carried out on amphoteric flowers which appear in 13-18 sections of the main vines in 22-25 days in 3 months to promote fruit setting, normal and upright young fruits are selected from the amphoteric flowers when the size of the young fruits is about 10cm, 3-4 young fruits are planted in each plant, and pinching is carried out when the main vines grow to be about 2m high. After fruits are left, watering and topdressing in the morning on a sunny day, combining watering and topdressing for 1 time after 10 days, wherein the topdressing is a high-potassium compound fertilizer, then watering for 1-2 times according to weather and soil moisture content, and no watering and topdressing are carried out 10 days before the fruits are mature.
Example 3 Star sweet No. 34 Master vine fruit
A method for cultivating muskmelons with early maturity and high yield for leading the muskmelons to bear fruits comprises the following specific steps:
the variety Xingshan No. 34 is cultivated in a sunlight greenhouse by using a plug substrate in 1 month and 2 days, the seedlings are fixedly planted in the sunlight greenhouse when 3-4 true leaves are planted in the sunlight greenhouse in 2 months and 14 days, 2000 plants are planted in each mu, the sunlight greenhouse does not release wind as much as possible during seedling revival after the permanent planting, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime/15-18 ℃ at night, the temperature is reduced by properly ventilating after the seedling revival, and the temperature is reduced by 20-25 ℃ in the daytime/12-15 ℃ at night. Performing ethephon treatment when 4-6 true leaves of sweet melon seedlings are planted in 25 days in 2 months, wherein the treatment concentration is 200ppm, and the treatment method is that ethephon is uniformly sprayed on growing points of plants, and each plant is about 6 ml; after treatment, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night; pruning a single vine, and removing all lateral branches on the main vine; artificial pollination or Guarding treatment is carried out to promote fruit setting when the amphoteric flowers appearing in 13-18 nodes of the main vine bloom in 22-25 days in 3 months, 2-3 normal and regular young fruits are selected from the young fruits when the young fruits are about 10cm in size, and the main vine is pinched when the main vine grows to be about 2m high. After fruits are left, watering and topdressing in the morning on a sunny day, combining watering and topdressing for 1 time after 10 days, wherein the topdressing is a high-potassium compound fertilizer, then watering for 1-2 times according to weather and soil moisture content, and no watering and topdressing are carried out 10 days before the fruits are mature.
Comparative examples Boyang 61, Boyang 72, Tansweet No. 34 lateral vine fruit
The variety Boyang 61, Boyang 72 and Xintian No. 34 are bred in a sunlight greenhouse by using plug substrates in 1 month and 2 days, the seedlings are fixedly planted in the sunlight greenhouse when 3-4 true leaves are planted in the sunlight greenhouse in 2 months and 14 days, 2000 plants are planted in each mu, the sunlight greenhouse does not release wind as much as possible during the seedling revival after the permanent planting, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime/15-18 ℃ at night, the temperature is reduced by properly ventilating after the seedling revival, and the temperature is reduced by 20-25 ℃ in the daytime/12-15 ℃ at night. Pruning single vine, reserving lateral vines at the sections 13-18 of the main vines in 3 months and 22-25 days, and removing the other lateral branches. After the reserved lateral vines have amphoteric flowers, 1 leaf is reserved behind the amphoteric flowers, pinching is carried out on the lateral vines, artificial pollination or melon setting treatment is carried out when the amphoteric flowers on the lateral vines are open, fruit setting is promoted, normal and regular young fruits are selected from the young fruits when the size of the young fruits is about 10cm, each plant is 3-4, and pinching is carried out when the main vines grow to be about 2m high. After fruits are left, watering and topdressing in the morning on a sunny day, combining watering and topdressing for 1 time after 10 days, wherein the topdressing is a high-potassium compound fertilizer, then watering for 1-2 times according to weather and soil moisture content, and no watering and topdressing are carried out 10 days before the fruits are mature.
Test examples
Examples 1-3 and the comparative examples described above were all conducted in a modern agricultural park at tsukamur, baoding city. The main vines of examples 1-3 were harvested and marketed at 30/4 of day, and the lateral vines of comparative examples were harvested and marketed at 5/5 of day.
After the fruits are ripe, 10 main vine fruits of Boyang 61, Boyang 72 and Xintian No. 34 varieties and 10 control plants (traditional lateral vine fruit) are randomly selected respectively, the fruit development conditions (single fruit weight, single plant yield and average single plant fruit number) and the fruit quality (fruit shape index and soluble solid) are investigated, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the cultivation method using the main vine fruiting of the present invention for three varieties significantly improved the single fruit weight, single plant yield, average single plant number of fruits and improved the fruit quality compared to the comparative example (lateral vine fruiting).
According to the early-maturing high-yield cultivation method for enabling the main vines of the melons to bear fruits, the preparation treatment is carried out in the seedling stage, and the main vines of the melons can be effectively induced to bear fruits through various agricultural measures (temperature management, pruning and fruit retention and the like), so that the planting type is compact, ventilation and light transmission are achieved, the management is convenient, and the labor force can be saved; the main vine fruit has the advantages of early ripening, regular appearance on the market, improved yield and quality and the like, thereby improving the economic benefit and the social benefit of the melon.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for cultivating muskmelons with early maturity and high yield is characterized in that on the basis of a traditional muskmelon cultivation method, the following adjustment is carried out:
(1) when 4-6 true leaves of the melon seedlings are planted, ethephon treatment is carried out; the ethephon treatment concentration is 150-200 ppm;
(2) performing temperature management after ethephon treatment until fruit setting; the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime (beginning of brightness and ending of darkness) and 12-15 ℃ at night;
(3) pruning and fruit retention: pruning is started when the main vines are 35-45cm high, pruning is started for a single vine, and all lateral branches on the main vines are removed; fruit is retained in the amphoteric flowers appearing in the main vine sections 13-18.
2. The method for cultivating melons with high early ripening and high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ethephon processing method in step (2) comprises: uniformly spraying ethephon on the growing points of the plants.
3. The early-maturing high-yield cultivation method for enabling melons to fruit on main vines of the melons according to claim 1, wherein the fruit retention method in the step (3) is as follows: 3-4 fruits are left in each plant of the thin-skin melon; the muskmelon small fruit type has 2-3 fruits per plant, and the large fruit type has 1 fruit per plant.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112400627A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 安徽农业大学 | Single-vine-double-layer-six-melon light pruning cultivation method for crisp melons |
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| CN112400627A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 安徽农业大学 | Single-vine-double-layer-six-melon light pruning cultivation method for crisp melons |
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