CN103563711A - Method for cultivating adult litchi trees in mode that variety changing and fruiting are conducted at same time - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating adult litchi trees in the mode that variety changing and fruiting are conducted at the same time. The method is characterized by including the steps that after litchi fruit of an original variety is harvested, upright boughs and redundant boughs of the litchi trees of the original variety are thinned to promote the growth of new shoots and leave the positions for grafting of a new variety next spring; after the trees of the original variety are trimmed, 4-6 inclined boughs are reserved in each tree to continue to bear fruit in the next year; the trees of the original variety are thinned after bearing fruit in the next year, and the growth of the new variety is promoted. Trimming is conducted after the litchi fruit is harvested, and therefore the goal of conducting variety changing and fruiting at the same time is achieved. The method has the outstanding advantages that variety changing and economic benefits are achieved at the same time, and the method is easy to operate and popularize.

Description

Become litchi in age limit to change the breeding method of kind limit result

Technical field

The invention belongs to into litchi in age limit and change the breeding method of kind limit result.

Background technology

Lichee is the famous south subtropics fruit tree of China, 9,000,000 mu of left and right of total cultivated area.Lichee main breed is standing grain litchi, black leaf at present, accounts for the lichee gross area 2/3rds left and right.The feature of these two kinds is that yielding ability is good, more manageable, but quality is poor, all belongs to inclined to one side late variety, and concentrate harvest time, causes price low.General time price is at every 500g1-2 yuan, during good year even every 500g can only sell 0.5 yuan even below, and it is difficult to sell fruit, orchard worker even abandons and does not adopt sometimes, has had a strong impact on the enthusiasm that orchard worker cultivates lichee, makes lichee industry in depressed state.It should be noted that between Litchi Varieties, price variance is very large, such as, every 500g price 8-10 yuan of general time of improved seeds osmanthus taste, can sell for every 500g40 off year first, welcome by orchard worker.The improved seeds such as other are as glutinous in glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves, Jing Ganghong, chicken mouth litchi, cv. Feizixiao have good economic benefit.Therefore, the method by grafting changes low standing grain litchi, the black leaf kind of economic benefit into improved seeds that economic benefit is high, for the economic benefit that improves lichee, promotes lichee industry sustainable health development to be significant.

The main method that current litchi graft changes kind has:

(1) the 6-7 month original kind is returned and being reduced on skeleton branch after gathering, promotes pumping young sprout, after growing, cultivates young sprout, until spring in next year, grafting new varieties on young sprout.The method of this Grafting kind is general in China's application, and its major advantage is that survival rate is high because grafting is on young sprout.Shortcoming is that pumping young sprout needs many time of half a year, and grafting part is low, after general grafting, within about 3 years, could recover output.

(2) after spring old kind being returned and is reduced on skeleton branch, by the direct grafting skeleton branch of new varieties.Because the stock of grafting part is thick, survival rate is lower, and again grows up to tree crown, and recovering output also needs 3 years left and right time.

The method of above two kinds of Grafting kinds is used for a long time on lichee, and owing to recovering, output is slow, and orchard worker does not take in for several years, has had a strong impact on the more enthusiasm of new varieties of orchard worker, therefore, invents new method renewal Litchi Varieties and is very important.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly becomes litchi in age limit to change the breeding method of kind limit result.

The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme:

After lichee is gathered, former kind is removed to upright bough and too much bough, promote pumping young sprout as next spring grafting new varieties position, the plagiotropic growth result in next year that former kind stays.

While removing the upright bough of former kind and too much bough, former kind is stayed oblique raw bough 4-6.

Remove upright bough and the too much young sprout of pumping after bough, the next spring is by the method grafting new varieties of cut-grafting.

Utilization of the present invention removes into vertical branch and the too much bough of the former kind of lichee in age, promotes pumping young sprout grafting new varieties; Utilize former kind plagiotropic growth result in next year, accomplish limit Grafting kind, limit result, removes former kind after new varieties survive.Outstanding advantage is in new varieties more, former kind continues result, makes orchard worker have income, has removed the trouble and worry that orchard worker changes kind.And technology is simple, orchard worker is acceptant, effective, easily promotes.

Embodiment

Become after age, lichee gathered, in conjunction with pruning, remove vertical growth and too much bough from tree crown bottom, removing after vertical branch and bough can a large amount of young sprout of pumping, stays by force a little less than these young sprouts are gone, and cultivation becomes the position of next spring grafting new varieties.The plagiotropic growth that tree crown stays, because ventilation and penetrating light condition improves, removes the relative equilibrium of having coordinated after vertical branch and bough to nourish and grow with reproductive growth, becomes good setting fruit position in next year.

The improved seeds of grafting high benefit above the young sprout of Second Year pumping after removing vertical branch and too much bough in spring, and strengthen management; The plagiotropic growth result staying, forms limit and changes kind, limit resulting schema.After old kind is gathered, retract to the new varieties place of grafting survival, impel new varieties growth.

Specific practice is: the 6-7 month after one-tenth lichee in age is gathered, to wanting the older kind tree of new varieties, to prune in time, and plant for pruning is mainly that (one) removes upright bough.Vertical branch not only affects tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, and prosperous owing to nourishing and growing, and absorbs a large amount of nutrients, can not result.And remove after upright bough, easily pumping young sprout, utilizes young sprout grafting new varieties, changes harmful to treasure; (2) remove too much bough.Lichee in production adopts globular model always, and globular model bough is too many, not only causes canopy, and bough will consume a large amount of nutrition, cause nourishing and growing and reproductive growth uneven, result is few.Remove after too much bough, also can promote pumping young sprout, for next spring grafting new varieties.And remaining bough is because ventilation and penetrating light condition is greatly improved, photosynthesis significantly strengthens, and the nutrient showed increased obtaining is conducive to increase output next year.

Embodiment:

On July 8th, 2012, one orchard in Yulin City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous, prunes the 100 strain standing grain litchi kinds of the seeding row spacing 5 * 7m of field planting in 1993, and before pruning, standing grain litchi is globular model, average every strain bough and 20 left and right of vertical branch.After pruning, leave 6 oblique raw boughs, all the other boughs and vertical branch remove.For the young sprout that removes pumping, smear the tip, stay the tip to process, cultivate next spring grafting new varieties position.On February 26th, 2013, the method grafting with the scion of osmanthus taste kind by cut-grafting to the young sprout of standing grain litchi, 12 osmanthus taste scion of every strain grafting.On July 4th, 2013, to litchi random sampling 5 strains of the limit result of pruning, limit grafting, do not have the contrast of grafting tree also to randomly draw 5 strains not survey product to having to prune, and add up grafting survival number.Result shows: pruning back result, the average single plant yield 108kg of limit grafting tree, is 16kg and do not prune the average single plant yield of tree, prunes 10 branches of osmanthus taste of the average every strain grafting survival of tree, graft survival rate 83.33%.

Above result shows: after lichee is gathered, remove upright bough and too much bough, cultivate the next spring grafting of young sprout new varieties, leave plagiotropic growth Second Year result, can reach the object that kind limit result is changed on limit.

Claims (3)

1. become litchi in age limit to change a breeding method for kind limit result, it is characterized in that after lichee is gathered, former kind is removed to upright bough and too much bough, promote pumping young sprout as next spring grafting new varieties position, the plagiotropic growth result in next year that former kind stays.

2. the breeding method of kind limit result is changed on one-tenth as claimed in claim 1 litchi in age limit, it is characterized in that removing the upright bough of former kind and too much bough, and former kind is stayed oblique raw bough 4-6.

3. the breeding method of kind limit result is changed on one-tenth as claimed in claim 1 litchi in age limit, it is characterized in that removing upright bough and the too much young sprout of pumping after bough, and the next spring is by the method grafting new varieties of cut-grafting.