CN106857045B

CN106857045B - High-lighting-effect light and simple wax apple shaping and trimming method

Info

Publication number: CN106857045B
Application number: CN201710200889.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 章希娟; 许家辉; 魏秀清; 许玲
Original assignee: Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2017-03-30
Filing date: 2017-03-30
Publication date: 2020-05-26
Anticipated expiration: 2037-03-30
Also published as: CN106857045A

Abstract

The invention provides a high-light-efficiency light and simple wax apple shaping and trimming method which comprises shaping of young trees, culturing of bone stem branches, trimming and culturing of fruiting branches and maintaining of fruiting tree shapes. The method can realize simple production operation management, improve photosynthetic efficiency inside the wax apple tree crown, improve proportion of the inflorescence with leaves, prevent the inflorescence from drying up easily, and improve fruit setting rate, thereby improving fruit quality and yield.

Description

High-lighting-effect light and simple wax apple shaping and trimming method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-light-efficiency simple wax apple shaping and trimming method.

Technical Field

The wax apple is originally produced in the Malabar and Andaman islands and is a typical tropical fruit tree, and the wax apple fruit has bright color, beautiful shape, sweet and juicy taste and crisp mouthfeel and high nutritional value. The wax apple is favored by growers in tropical areas due to high economic benefit (average selling price is 30-50 yuan/kg), is the largest in Taiwan planting area in China, gradually becomes a regional characteristic industry for agricultural efficiency improvement and farmer income increase in Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian and the like, and becomes a new growth point of fruit tree industry in the hot areas in China. The wax apple fruit is mainly the fruit in the crown, the natural round-head tree shape and the open-heart tree shape are generally adopted for wax apples produced at present, branches and leaves of the natural round-head tree shape are dense, the crown is poor in ventilation and light transmittance, the photosynthesis efficiency is influenced, and branches in the crown are difficult to flower and easy to flower and fall fruit; the conventional open-heart-shaped tree shape improves the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree crown, increases the flower formation amount, but has more and thin branches and more flower buds forming leafless inflorescences on the branches, and the later development stage of the inflorescences easily causes withering and falling of the flower buds, so that the yield is reduced, and the economic benefit is influenced. Therefore, the development of the high-light-efficiency simple wax apple shaping and trimming method has important significance for improving the yield and quality of wax apples.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a shaping and trimming method for improving the yield of wax apple, which can realize the purposes of simple and convenient production operation management, improvement of photosynthetic efficiency in the crown of the wax apple tree, improvement of the proportion of flowering sequences with leaves, difficult withering of the flowering sequences, high fruit setting rate and improvement of fruit quality, thereby improving the fruit quality and yield.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a high-lighting-effect simple wax apple shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps:

shaping young trees: and (3) reserving 4-5 branches with strong growth vigor as main branches according to the growth vigor and the tree form of the seedlings after field planting, and cutting off over-dense branches and weak branches. The distance between the main branches is 25-35cm from the ground, the included angle between the main branches is more than 60 degrees, the main branches are distributed in four directions of south, east and north, 1 main branch which grows upwards at the central position is selected as an auxiliary branch, the auxiliary branch plays a role in extruding the main branches at the periphery, the main branches at the periphery extend outwards, and the branches are opened and have large angles.

Culturing bone dry branches: culturing strong bone trunk branches on the main branches in the next year. 2-3 strong branches which extend obliquely outwards are selected and reserved on each main branch as skeleton branches, the spacing between the skeleton branches is larger than 15cm, the skeleton branches face to different directions, the included angle is 90-180 degrees, and other branches are removed. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water and promote the development and the health of the bone trunk and branch. The branches are properly pulled to increase the inclination angle and the orientation of the branches, so that the included angle between the bone trunk branches and the ground is less than 45 degrees. The bone trunk branches are not cut short, after fruit bearing in the third year, the harvested bone trunk branches are retracted and trimmed in autumn, and the reserved length is ensured to be 80-100 cm away from the opposite bone trunk branches of two adjacent plants, so that the growth of new shoots in the next year is kept. Forming a tree shape of the inclined open plant backbone.

Pruning and culturing fruit branches: in the middle ten days of 9 months, organic fertilizers are additionally applied, the water management is enhanced, the main branches are promoted to sprout, and the bearing branches are developed. When the bearing branches grow to a pair of leaves, weak bearing branches and excessive bearing branches on the bone main branches are removed, 10-15 short and strong bearing branches are reserved on each bone main branch, a branch with a side facing to the growth is reserved, and the interval between the bearing branches is 8-15cm, so that the purposes of reducing nutrition consumption and competition and fully utilizing light energy are achieved.

Maintenance of the resulting tree: removing excessive spica of the fruiting tree from late 3 months to middle 4 months, cutting off the fruiting branches when cutting off the spica, and only cutting off the spica and leaving branches with leaves; at the same time, the bearing branches which do not bloom or late flower are cut short, and 1-2 pairs of leaves are left. And (4) thinning the vegetative branches at the top ends of the skeletal branches according to the plant row spacing, leaving 2-3 branches, and performing truncation treatment. Pruning the main branches growing upwards as auxiliary culture branches to maintain the height of 2-2.5 m. After fruit picking in 7 months, pruning is not carried out, and the nutrient accumulation of trees is promoted. And in the last ten months of 9, removing the bearing branches on the skeletal branches, wherein all the bearing branches are removed, and the removing parts on the skeletal branches are smooth.

The invention has the advantages that: the defects of a natural round head shape and a conventional open heart shape tree shape are avoided, the proportion of the inflorescences with leaves is increased, the inflorescences are prevented from withering, the photosynthetic efficiency and the fruit setting rate inside the wax apple tree crowns are favorably improved, the purposes of improving the fruit quality and increasing the yield are achieved, and the production operation is simple and convenient.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the sprouting of the fruiting branches on the skeletal branches.

FIG. 2 shows the development of inflorescences at the top of bearing branches.

Detailed Description

Example 1

Shaping young trees: and (3) reserving 5 branches with strong growth vigor as main branches according to the growth vigor and the tree form of the seedlings after field planting, and cutting off over-dense branches and weak branches. The distance between the main branches is 25-35cm from the ground, the included angle between the main branches is 60-120 degrees, the main branches are distributed in four directions of south, east and north, 1 main branch growing upwards at the center position is selected as an auxiliary branch, the auxiliary branch plays a role in extruding the main branches at the periphery, the main branches at the periphery extend outwards, and the branches are opened and have large angles.

Culturing bone dry branches: culturing strong bone trunk branches on the main branches in the next year. 3 strong branches which are obliquely extended outwards are selected and reserved on each main branch as skeleton branches, the distance between every two skeleton branches is 15-20cm, the skeleton branches face to different directions, the included angle is 90-180 degrees, and other branches are removed. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water and promote the development and the health of the bone trunk and branch. The branches are properly pulled to increase the inclination angle and the orientation of the branches, so that the included angle between the bone trunk branches and the ground is less than 45 degrees. The bone trunk branches are not cut short, after the third year of fruit bearing, the harvested bone trunk branches are retracted and trimmed in autumn, and the reserved length is ensured to be 90cm away from the two adjacent opposite bone trunk branches, so that the growth of new shoots in the next year is kept. Forming a tree shape of the inclined open plant backbone.

Pruning and culturing fruit branches: in the middle ten days of 9 months, organic fertilizers are additionally applied, the water management is enhanced, the main branches are promoted to sprout, and the bearing branches are developed. When the bearing branches grow to a pair of leaves, thinning and removing weak bearing branches and excessive bearing branches on the skeleton branches, leaving 12 short and strong bearing branches on each skeleton branch, leaving branches with the sides facing to the roots, and enabling the interval between the bearing branches to be 8-15cm, so that the purposes of reducing nutrition consumption and competition and fully utilizing light energy are achieved.

Maintenance of the resulting tree: removing excessive spica of the fruiting tree from late 3 months to middle 4 months, cutting off the fruiting branches when cutting off the spica, and only cutting off the spica and leaving branches with leaves; at the same time, the bearing branches which do not bloom or late flower are cut short, and 1-2 pairs of leaves are left. And (4) thinning the vegetative branches at the top ends of the skeletal branches according to the plant row spacing, leaving 3 branches, and performing truncation treatment. Pruning of the main branches growing upward as secondary vegetative branches is maintained at a height of 2.5 m. After fruit picking in 7 months, pruning is not carried out, and the nutrient accumulation of trees is promoted. And in the last ten months of 9, removing the bearing branches on the skeletal branches, wherein all the bearing branches are removed, and the removing parts on the skeletal branches are smooth.

The first application embodiment:

the implementation time is as follows: 2012 and 2016

The implementation place is as follows: fujian province Dongshan Yuanfa fruit and vegetable professional cooperative society

The orchard is built in 2011, after nursery stocks are fixedly planted, 100 plants are subjected to the shaping and trimming method, the 100 plants are subjected to the conventional open heart-shaped shaping and trimming method, and the two methods have obvious influence difference on yield and quality of wax apples. The number of plant inflorescences and the weight average of single fruits of the plants subjected to the pruning method are improved to some extent compared with the conventional open heart shape, and the yield of the plants in 2015 and 2016 is improved by 36.09% and 42.96% compared with the conventional open heart shape (see table 1).

TABLE 1 test results

Application example two:

the implementation time is as follows: 2012 and 2016

The implementation place is as follows: daizun village of Toshishan county Tokyo

The orchard is built in 2011, and the pruning method is implemented after the nursery stock is planted. The fruit quality and yield in 2015 and 2016 are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 test results

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-lighting-effect light and simple wax apple shaping and trimming method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of shaping young trees, culturing bone trunk branches, pruning and culturing fruiting branches and maintaining fruiting tree forms;

shaping the young trees: in one year after the field planting of the nursery stock, according to the self growth vigor and tree form of the nursery stock, reserving 4-5 branches with strong growth vigor as main branches, and cutting off over-dense branches and weak branches; the distance between the main branches is 25-35cm from the ground, the included angle between the main branches is more than 60 degrees, the main branches are distributed in four directions of south, east and north, 1 main branch growing upwards at the central position is selected as an auxiliary branch, the auxiliary branch plays a role in extruding the main branches at the periphery at the same time, the main branches at the periphery extend outwards, and the branches are opened and have large angles;

culturing the bone dry branches: culturing strong bone trunk branches on the main branches in the second year; selecting 2-3 strong branches obliquely extending outwards from each main branch as skeleton branches, wherein the spacing between the skeleton branches is more than 15cm, the skeleton branches face to different directions, the included angle is 90-180 degrees, and other branches are removed; strengthening fertilizer and water management to promote the development and the robustness of bone trunk branches; properly pulling branches to increase the inclination angle and the orientation of the branches, so that the included angle between the backbone branches and the ground is less than 45 degrees; the bone trunk branches are not cut short, after fruit bearing in the third year, the harvested bone trunk branches are retracted and trimmed in autumn, and the reserved length is ensured to be 80-100 cm away from the opposite bone trunk branches of two adjacent plants, so that the growth of new shoots in the next year is kept; forming a tree shape of the inclined open plant backbone;

pruning and culturing the bearing branches: in the middle ten days of 9 months, applying organic fertilizer, enhancing water management, promoting the sprouting of the bone trunk branches and developing into bearing branches; when the bearing branches grow to a pair of leaves, thinning and removing weak and excessive bearing branches on the bone trunk branches, leaving 10-15 short and strong bearing branches on each bone trunk branch, leaving branches with the side facing to the growth, and enabling the interval between the bearing branches to be 8-15cm, so that the aims of reducing nutrient consumption and competition and fully utilizing light energy are achieved;

maintenance of the result tree: removing excessive spica of the fruiting tree from late 3 months to middle 4 months, cutting off the fruiting branches when cutting off the spica, and only cutting off the spica and leaving branches with leaves; simultaneously, cutting short the bearing branches which do not bloom or bloom late, and leaving 1-2 pairs of leaves; thinning out the vegetative branches at the top ends of the skeletal branches according to the plant row spacing, leaving 2-3 branches, and performing truncation treatment; pruning the main branches growing upwards as auxiliary culture branches to keep the height of 2-2.5 meters; after picking fruits in 7 months, pruning is not carried out, and the nutrition accumulation of trees is promoted; and in the last ten months of 9, removing the bearing branches on the skeletal branches, wherein all the bearing branches are removed, and the removing parts on the skeletal branches are smooth.