CN102613044A - Method for culturing flame seedless grapes twice a year in the open - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for culturing flame seedless grapes twice a year in the open. First-crop fruit plants are managed by the following steps of: (1) pruning in autumn to select and remain 5 to 7 fruiting mother branches in each square meter; (2) picking buds in a forming stage, and remaining 7 to 8 fruit clusters in each square meter; (3) when the fruit clusters have the length of 10cm, spraying GA3 for chemical regulation, and spraying GA3 onto the fruit clusters for chemical regulation in a full-bloom stage; (4) before flowering, pinching to remain 6 to 8 leaves, and pinching to remain 8 to 12 knots of each growing branch; (5) remaining 1 fruit cluster for each fruit branch, removing sub-clusters from the fruit clusters, and when fruits are in a young fruit stage, pruning 1/4-1/3 cluster tips; (6) fertilizing and monitoring yield, namely applying 1kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.6kg of phosphorus fertilizer and 1.2kg of potassium fertilizer to 100kg of grapes, irrigating once or twice around a flowering stage, irrigating once every 7-15 days in a berry swelling stage, and mounding and irrigating sufficiently before winter; and (7) when the soluble solid content of fruits is more than or equal to 16 percent, harvesting; and second-crop fruit plants are managed by the following steps of: after the fruits are harvested, pruning first-crop fruited branches, non-fruited branches and nutritional branches as secondary fruiting mother branches, and remaining 8 to 12 buds in each branch; and performing the same steps 3-7 as the first-crop fruit plant management.

Description

A kind of double-cropped outdoor cropping method of thunder currant of taking

 

Technical field

The present invention relates to double-cropped viticulture technology, especially take outdoor cropping to improve yield and quality, for traditional culture technique has been expanded new field.

Background technology

Take thunder currant (Flame Seedless), call that not flower bud is seedless, ruddiness is seedless, red pearl, originate in the U.S., nineteen eighty-three is introduced China, is Eurasian the kind.Botany proterties: tender tip yellow green, the yellowish green additional light red of spire; One-tenth medium blade in age is big, heart-shaped, and 5 split, and incises deeply, and sawtooth is sharp, and upper surface is smooth, and lower surface is villous slightly, the hollow arch of petiole, annual ripe branch yellowish-brown, hermaphrodite flower.Fruit properties: fruit ear is medium big, conico-acuminate, and long 23 centimetres of fruit ear, wide 17 centimetres, fringe weighs 600 grams, and fruit living medium tight.The fruit grain is medium and small, and circle, the scarlet or aubergine of pericarp, average particle weigh 1.8 grams, can increase to about 2.5 grams with gibberellin treatment; Pericarp is thin, and in the fruit powder, pulp is crisp firmly, fruit juice medium many, sour and sweet palatability is sweet; Sugar content is more than 17%, acid content 0.45%, no seed.The growth result habit: the plant strain growth gesture is medium, and the eye germination rate is high, and every fruit bearing shoot on average has 1.2 of inflorescences; The solid slightly power of pair is medium, and output is higher, and fruit maturation early; Premunition, cold hardiness are stronger, at Turfan Prefecture, and the early April rudiment; Bloom the first tenday period of a month in May, and early July is ripe, growth number of days 90 days.

Literature search discloses: adopted kyoto grape according to Guangxi province Yang Zhen mountain in Guangxi province Hechi City Jin Cheng river, and made full use of light temperature resource in (1) 2010 year; Through broken dormancy vernalization, the overlay film technology such as facility of taking shelter from rain, realized summer fruit premature ripening in 2009, once fruit is ripe at the beginning of 7 months; Through avoiding or alleviate the how wet adverse effect of high temperature in maturing stage; Utilize the sunny and few weather characteristics of rainfall of autumn and winter, produce the grape second season, second fruit is ripe by the end of November.(2) 2010 years military according to Wangqing County, in Leqing, Zhejiang Province city Da Jing town facility, adopts seedless Cold boiled chicken heart grape, makes once fruit left and right sides fruit maturation on July 10, and second fruit is ripe in about November.In the facility of complex experiment station, country grape industrial technology system Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, adopted show grape in capital according to economical inferior contract quotation road, Jiangsu in (3) 2009 years, and made once fruit left and right sides fruit maturation on July 5, second fruit is ripe in about October 9.

The present invention utilizes the characteristics that expense thunder currant is precocious, bud is prone to formation, adopts the pony set cultivation, imperial form training; Treat first batch of normal result of fruit, prune immediately after the harvesting, do knot second fruit fruit bearing shoot to bearing basal shoot, vegetative shoot; The tip is pruned in the employing; Carry out vernalization with calcium cyanamide point clip terminal bud, and cooperate liquid manure, outdoor cropping (it is auxiliary promptly not have facility) can form second batch of fruit.Of the present invention to need not any facility auxiliary, can improve the outdoor cropping technology of grape per mu yield, and the development of its grape industry is had important exemplary role.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to: the expense thunder currant that provides, need not the auxiliary outdoor cropping technology that gets final product twice of an annual bearing of any facility, improve the grape per mu yield, for grape yield increasing provides technical support.

The present invention seeks to realize like this: the double-cropped outdoor cropping method of a kind of expense thunder currant; Utilize the breeding time of Flame Seedless grape short; Bud is prone to the characteristics of formation, through the pony set cultivation, adopts the plant management of imperial form shaping and first, second batch; Realize that promptly two is ripe, its operating procedure is:

The management of first batch of fruit plant

(1) fall pruning

Every M ²Select and remain bearing basal shoot 5-7, be trimmed to the master slightly, stay the middle tip of 5-7 bud to be trimmed to auxilliary with the weak point that stays 2-4 bud;

(2) budding period

Open pier mid-March, natural rudiment is carried out bud picking, every M after rudiment mid-April ²Stay fruit ear 7-8;

(3) flower and fruit protecting

The fruit ear spike length is when 10cm. and spray concentration is the plant growth regulator GA of 50-100mg/kg ₃Carry out the accent first time, behind full-bloom stage 5-7 days, use the plant growth regulator GA of 100-170 mg/kg ₃Spray fruit ear and carry out the accent second time;

(4) pinching and sublateral shoot are disposed

Spend preceding 3-5 days, upwards stay the pinching of 6-8 sheet leaf from inflorescence; The growth branch stays the pinching of 8-12 joint; The following sublateral shoot erase all of inflorescence stays the 1-2 sublateral shoot more than the inflorescence, stay 1-2 sheet leaf, pinching repeatedly;

(5) inflorescence and fruit ear are disposed

Per 1 fruit branch stays 1 fruit ear, and the fruit ear first secondary fringe is extractd, and the fruit grain during phase, is wiped out fringe point 1/4-1/3 the beans fruit;

(6) rich water quality management

Fertilising is with surveying the soil prescription: press vintage and confirm, with 100 kilograms of grapes of every production, need 1 kilogram of applied nitrogen, 0.6 kilogram in phosphate fertilizer, 1.2 kilograms of calculating of potash fertilizer;

Irrigate: pour water l-2 time water yield 80-100 cubic meter/mu around the florescence; Poured water water yield 60-65 cubic meter/mu once in the every 7-15 of berry expanding stage days; The control of berry maturing stage is poured water, and is ripe aging with branches and tendrils to improve fruit quality; Survive the winter behind the shroud pier, water foot winter water, soil moisture conservation winter protection, irrigation quantity 100-200 cubic meter/mu;

(7) gather

At fruit soluble solids content >=16% o'clock, gather;

The management of second batch of fruit plant

(1) prunes

After fruit is adopted, with first batch of branch, not branch, nutrition branch of result as a result, as the second time bearing basal shoot implement to prune, every is stayed 8-12 bud;

(2) fruit is stayed in vernalization

At once vernalization after the pruning, with the lime aqueous solution of nitrogen concentration 15-20%, some clip terminal bud after treating the terminal bud rudiment, beginning existing inflorescence, is pruned fruit ear, every M ²Stay fruit ear 5-6;

The step that wherein (3) flower and fruit protecting, (4) pinching and sublateral shoot are handled, gather in (5) inflorescence and fruit ear management, (6) rich water quality management, (7) is identical with the management process of first batch of plant.

Said method makes the per mu yield of this grape improve 832 kilograms, and amplification is 38%.

Design of the present invention and beneficial effect: utilize the abundant photo-thermal resource of Turfan Prefecture, and take the characteristics that the thunder currant is precocious, bud is prone to formation, adopt the pony set cultivation; First batch of normal result of fruit treated in the training of dragon form, prunes immediately after the harvesting; Do knot second fruit fruit bearing shoot to bearing basal shoot, vegetative shoot, the tip is pruned in the employing, carries out vernalization with calcium cyanamide point clip terminal bud; And cooperation liquid manure, outdoor cropping (promptly do not have take shelter from rain, insulation, temperature increasing facility auxiliary) can form second batch of fruit.The output of taking the thunder currant of new cultivation and thompson seedless grape relatively exceed more than 1 times, and promptly the first season, grape went on the market in July, 2000 kilograms/mu of average yields; Go on the market in October the second season, and 1000 kilograms/mu of average yields are compared with thompson seedless grape, two season grape gross yield improve 832 kilograms, amplification 38%, the output value improves ten thousand yuan of 1.0-1.6, amplification 259-290%, its obvious effect of increasing production shows technological progress.

 

Embodiment

Control Example of the present invention is described further.

The production operation main points:

The expense thunder currant of 1) adopting this method to obtain yields two crops a year, and the first season, grape went on the market in July, and go on the market in October the second season;

2) utilize the unique photo-thermal resource of Turfan Prefecture, the grape bud is prone to the characteristics of formation, the pony set cultivation; Imperial form is adopted in shaping; Be grapevine seedling from ground or trunk divide and to bear two masters climing (dragon does), main climing going up given birth to short tip branch group, main climing length 6-8 rice.

First batch fruit strain technical management

1) fall pruning

Every M ²Select and remain 6 of bearing basal shoots are trimmed to the master slightly with the weak point that stays 3 buds, stay the middle tip of 7 buds to be trimmed to auxilliary;

2) budding period

Open natural rudiment behind the pier mid-March, carry out bud picking after rudiment mid-April, every M ²Stay 8 on fruit ear;

3) flower and fruit protecting

The fruit ear spike length is when 10cm. and spray concentration is the GA of 80mg/kg ₃Carry out the accent first time, behind full-bloom stage 6 days, use the GA of 150 mg/kg ₃Spray fruit ear and carry out the accent second time.

4) pinching and sublateral shoot are handled

Spend preceding 4 days, upwards stay 8 leaf pinching from inflorescence; The growth branch stays 10 joint pinching; The following sublateral shoot erase all of inflorescence stays 2 sublateral shoots more than the inflorescence, stay 2 leaves, pinching repeatedly.

5) inflorescence and fruit ear management

Per 1 fruit branch stays 1 fruit ear, and the fruit ear first secondary fringe is extractd, and the fruit grain is wiped out fringe point 1/3 the beans fruit during phase.

6) rich water quality management

The soil prescription adopt is surveyed in fertilising: bury basal dressing before the pier to grape behind the fruit harvesting, and with phosphorus potash fertilizer mixed applying; Before the grape rudiment, applying vernalization fertilizer, is main with nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer; Before blooming, applying Hua Qianfei in the grape rudiment, is main with phosphorus potash fertilizer; Expanding at the grape young fruit that to apply swollen fruit fertile with the shoot growth phase, is main with phosphorus potash fertilizer;

Fertilizing amount: press vintage and confirm,, need 1 kilogram of applied nitrogen, 0.6 kilogram in phosphate fertilizer, 1.2 kilograms of calculating of potash fertilizer with 100 kilograms of grapes of every production;

Irrigate: in the grape breeding cycle, carry out the water distribution principle of " preceding short ", " back control ", " middle foot ", promptly irritate 2 times 100 cubic metres of mu irrigation quantities before and after the florescence based on the soil moisture content situation; Spend that back to berry expanding stage is sufficient to supply water, rotation flow in per 15 days once, 60 cubic metres of mu irrigation quantities; The control of berry maturity period is poured water, and is ripe aging with branches and tendrils to improve fruit quality; Survive the winter behind the shroud pier, water foot winter water, the soil moisture conservation winter protection, the mu irrigation quantity is more than 100 cubic metres.

7) gather

When fruit soluble solids content >=16%, mid or late June enforcement is gathered.

The technical management of second batch of fruit strain

1) prunes

After fruit is adopted, with first batch of branch, not branch, nutrition branch of result as a result, as the second time bearing basal shoot implement to prune, every is stayed 10 buds;

2) fruit is stayed in vernalization

At once vernalization after pruning July 5 then, with nitrogen concentration 20% calcium cyanamide solution, some clip terminal bud, rudiment at the beginning of 8 months, begin existing inflorescence after, pruning fruit ear, every M ²Stay 6 on fruit ear;

Wherein 3) flower and fruit protecting, 4) pinching and sublateral shoot handle, 5) inflorescence and fruit ear management, 6) rich water quality management, 7) step of gathering, really the management process of strain is identical with first batch.

Plant growth regulator " three or the six board " GA that test is used ₃, for Shanghai Tongrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. produces.

Claims (2)

1. one kind takes the double-cropped outdoor cropping method of thunder currant; It is characterized in that: utilize the breeding time of Flame Seedless grape short; Bud is prone to the characteristics of formation, through the pony set cultivation, adopts the plant management of imperial form shaping and first, second batch; Realize that promptly two is ripe, its operating procedure is:

The management of first batch of fruit plant

(1) fall pruning

Every M ²Select and remain bearing basal shoot 5-7, be trimmed to the master slightly, stay the middle tip of 5-7 bud to be trimmed to auxilliary with the weak point that stays 2-4 bud;

(2) budding period

Open pier mid-March, natural rudiment is carried out bud picking, every M after rudiment mid-April ²Stay fruit ear 7-8;

(3) flower and fruit protecting

The fruit ear spike length is when 10cm. and spray concentration is the plant growth regulator GA of 50-100mg/kg ₃Carry out the accent first time, behind full-bloom stage 5-7 days, use the plant growth regulator GA of 100-170 mg/kg ₃Spray fruit ear and carry out the accent second time;

(4) pinching and sublateral shoot are disposed

Spend preceding 3-5 days, upwards stay the pinching of 6-8 sheet leaf from inflorescence; The growth branch stays the pinching of 8-12 joint; The following sublateral shoot erase all of inflorescence stays the 1-2 sublateral shoot more than the inflorescence, stay 1-2 sheet leaf, pinching repeatedly;

(5) inflorescence and fruit ear are disposed

Per 1 fruit branch stays 1 fruit ear, and the fruit ear first secondary fringe is extractd, and the fruit grain during phase, is wiped out fringe point 1/4-1/3 the beans fruit;

(6) rich water quality management

Fertilising is with surveying the soil prescription: press vintage and confirm, with 100 kilograms of grapes of every production, need 1 kilogram of applied nitrogen, 0.6 kilogram in phosphate fertilizer, 1.2 kilograms of calculating of potash fertilizer;

Irrigate: pour water l-2 time water yield 80-100 cubic meter/mu around the florescence; Poured water water yield 60-65 cubic meter/mu once in the every 7-15 of berry expanding stage days; The control of berry maturing stage is poured water, and is ripe aging with branches and tendrils to improve fruit quality; Survive the winter behind the shroud pier, water foot winter water, soil moisture conservation winter protection, irrigation quantity 100-200 cubic meter/mu;

(7) gather

At fruit soluble solids content >=16% o'clock, gather;

The management of second batch of fruit plant

(1) prunes

After fruit is adopted, with first batch of branch, not branch, nutrition branch of result as a result, as the second time bearing basal shoot implement to prune, every is stayed 8-12 bud;

(2) fruit is stayed in vernalization

At once vernalization after the pruning, with the calcium cyanamide solution of nitrogen concentration 15-20%, some clip terminal bud after treating the terminal bud rudiment, beginning existing inflorescence, is pruned fruit ear, every M ²Stay fruit ear 5-6;

The step that wherein (3) flower and fruit protecting, (4) pinching and sublateral shoot are handled, gather in (5) inflorescence and fruit ear management, (6) rich water quality management, (7) is identical with the management process of first batch of plant.

2. according to the said method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt this method, per mu yield improves 832 kilograms, and amplification is 38%.