CN109197311A - A kind of method of apple tree flower and fruit thinning - Google Patents
A kind of method of apple tree flower and fruit thinning Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197311A CN109197311A CN201810845854.8A CN201810845854A CN109197311A CN 109197311 A CN109197311 A CN 109197311A CN 201810845854 A CN201810845854 A CN 201810845854A CN 109197311 A CN109197311 A CN 109197311A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of apple tree flower and fruit thinning, which comprises Newly built orchard addressing, plantation nursery stock, pruning apple tree, five liquid pollination, fruit thinning steps.The superior effect of the method for the invention is, by cancelling the plantation of pollinizers in Newly built orchard, limits the field spontaneous pollination of apple tree；Using the pollination rate of liquid pollination control apple tree, reduce the amount of labour used of flower and fruit thinning；Meanwhile avoiding that chemical flower and fruit thinning effect is unstable to be caused to remove excess.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting fruit trees technical fields, and in particular to a kind of method of apple tree flower and fruit thinning.
Background technique
Apple tree is deciduous tree, usually grows vigorous, and tree crown is tall and big, set it is high up to 15 meters, it is general high by 3 under cultivation condition
~5 meters or so.Trunk taupe, Lao Pi have irregular lobe or scale off, and sprig is smooth.Fruit is a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc., color and
Size is different because of kind.Light, happiness subacidity to neutral soil.Be most suitable for soil layer it is deep, rich in organic matter, cubsoil be ventilation bar
The good sand of water.The breeding and culturing propagation by grafiting of apple tree.Stock has vigorous stock and dwarfing stock.Common vigorous stock
Have: Chinese catalpa, midget crabapple, dwarf apple, dwarfing stock mainly introduce Britain's kind.Using wide row dense planting, go to north and south.Portion by north
Plant, when inclined northern territory spring break, transplant before area's autumn and winter soil is freeze-up.Apple self-flowering fruiting power is poor, and when plant must configure
Pollinizers.
Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing is the mainstream of world's apple production, and great advantage is exactly that apple tree is big at spending easy, flower to measure,
Often result is excessive under natural conditions, leads to the poor quality of fruit, and commodity rate is low, and it is easy to form alternate bear it is bad existing
As.Flower and fruit thinning is one of management measure of Cultivation of Apple Under Dwarf And Close Planting, and apple tree must be by the measure ability that artificially adjusts
Reach year after year the cultivation purpose of high quality and stable yield.For existing flower and fruit thinning method mainly based on manual operations, the amount of labour used is big and collects
In, as labor cost improves year by year, this mode is for orchard scale, intensive manufacture, and there are larger difficulties.
In addition, chemical flower and fruit thinning saves labor compared to manual operations.
Application for a patent for invention publication number CN106105979A discloses a kind of flower and fruit thinning method of apple tree, specific to wrap
It includes: preparing flower and fruit thinning agent, spray flower and fruit thinning agent, auxiliary shedding, manually mend and dredge, strengthen fertilising.Use flower and fruit thinning agent pair
Apple tree carries out spraying the whole fruit thinning for realizing tree body, faster than artificial fruit thinning speed, can effectively reduce the use of manpower and material resources.
But influenced due to being selected by medicament, using factors such as concentration, climate change, kinds, it still deposits in most of china area
The problems such as effect is unstable.Therefore how to reduce apple flower and fruit thinning workload is Cultivation of Apple Under Dwarf And Close Planting scale, collection
Reduction develops the problem of urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that the present invention proposes apple tree flower and fruit thinning, the described method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, Newly built orchard addressing
Orchard addressing in soil organic matter content in 1% or more, level of ground water in 1.5 meters or less, soil depth at 60 lis
Meter or more and one kilometer range of periphery in do not plant orchard establishing on the place of apple tree, the soil in Newly built orchard place is loam
Or sandy loam, the winter extreme temperature in Newly built orchard area are not less than -25 DEG C；
Step 2, nursery stock is planted
Step 2.1, stock is selected
Level land, beach select to gentle slope dwarfing rootstock, and mountainous region, hilly ground select vigorous stock；
Step 2.2, nursery stock is selected
Nursery stock is according to level-one nursery stock as defined in GB9874-2003 apple nursery stock, and nursery stock lateral root 5 or more, length is in 20cm
Above, height of seedling full bud number 10 or more in 1.2m or more, base diameter 1.2cm or more, shaping strip；
Step 2.3, planting stock
Orchard is spread fertilizer over the fields through decomposed sheep dung per acre, and full garden ploughs, ridging, digs tree well on ridge, orchard does not configure pollinizers, short
Change stock to be colonized by spacing in the rows 1.5-2.0m, line-spacing 3.5-4.5m, vigorous stock is carried out by spacing in the rows 2.5-3m, line-spacing 4.5-5m
Field planting, waters after field planting；
Step 3, pruning apple tree
Using carving bud, drawing branch, sparse branching, twisting technology, by slender spindle like or high spindle shaping requirement shaping, tool
Body operating procedure are as follows:
Step 3.1, center is dry extends the light cutting back of branch
The cutting back at the full leaf bud of the spring tip cuts the 3/4-4/5 for doing centered on staying length and extending branch, and other branches are slow to be put, is not short
It cuts；
Step 3.2, sparse branching
The branch for removing the dry upper degree 1/3 dry crude greater than center in center, removes overlapping branch, intensive branch, removes the apprentice on major branch
Long shoot；
Step 3.3, bud is carved
Before fruit tree bud, bud is carved every 3-4 bud screw type in apple tree shaping strip；
Step 3.4, branch is drawn
Month current year 6-7 carries out drawing branch, and the branch that end of the branch is upwarped is pulled to 90-120 degree；
Step 3.5, it turns round slightly
Major branch it is long to 15cm when, carry out low level in base portion and turn round slightly, tiltedly upper branch it is long to 15cm when, by being evened up after branch softening；
Step 4, liquid pollination
Step 4.1, according to the combo mode of every 100g essence pollen, 100kg water, 30g xanthan gum, 10kg sucrose, 4g boric acid
Prepare liquid pollination pollen suspension；
Step 4.2, liquid pollination is carried out in such a way that sprayer is spraying；
Step 5, fruit thinning
Step 5.1, the first time fruit thinning since the 10th day of apple tree Post flowering, first time fruit thinning dredge side fruit, fruitlet, fruit
The not positive cull fruit of type and disease pest fruit；
Step 5.2, second of fruit thinning since the 20th day of apple tree Post flowering, second of fruit thinning is according to the kind of fruit tree
Fruit is stayed with fruit spacing, and continues 10 days, large-scale 20-25cm of fruit interval stays 1 fruit, and small-sized fruit interval 15-20cm stays 1 fruit.
Further, in step 2.1, the dwarfing rootstock is SH system dwarfing rootstock or M system dwarfing rootstock.
Further, in step 2.1, the vigorous stock is Mains micromalus or mountain fourth.
Further, in step 2.3, the row spacing is 1.0-1.2m, a height of 0.3m in ridge, the size of the tree well
Are as follows: 0.3m × 0.3m × 0.2m.
Further, in step 2.3, watering includes: to water after being colonized after the field planting, -7 days 5 days after field planting
The 2nd watering is carried out, then poured 1 water and continuous 2 waterings every 10 days.
Further, in step 4, the liquid pollination further includes, apple tree the flowers are in blossom amount normal time, 50%
Center carries out a liquid pollination when the flowers are in blossom.
Further, in step 4, the liquid pollination further includes, in apple tree the flowers are in blossom amount less than flower of normal time
The time of opening amount 10%, the flowers are in blossom at center 50% and 80% when respectively carry out a liquid pollination.
Compared with prior art, superior effect of the invention is:
1. limiting the field spontaneous pollination of apple tree by the plantation for cancelling pollinizers in Newly built orchard；
2. reducing the amount of labour used of flower and fruit thinning using the pollination rate of liquid pollination control apple tree；
3. avoiding, chemical flower and fruit thinning effect is unstable to be caused to remove excess.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
The present embodiment provides a kind of methods of apple tree flower and fruit thinning, the described method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, Newly built orchard addressing
Orchard addressing in soil organic matter content in 1% or more, level of ground water in 1.5 meters or less, soil depth at 60 lis
Meter or more and one kilometer range of periphery in do not plant orchard establishing on the place of apple tree, the soil in Newly built orchard place is loam
Or sandy loam, the winter extreme temperature in Newly built orchard area are not less than -25 DEG C；
Step 2, nursery stock is planted
Step 2.1, stock is selected
Level land, beach select to gentle slope dwarfing rootstock, and mountainous region, hilly ground select vigorous stock；
Step 2.2, nursery stock is selected
Nursery stock is according to level-one nursery stock as defined in GB9874-2003 apple nursery stock, and nursery stock lateral root 5 or more, length is in 20cm
Above, height of seedling full bud number 10 or more in 1.2m or more, base diameter 1.2cm or more, shaping strip；
Step 2.3, planting stock
Orchard is spread fertilizer over the fields through decomposed sheep dung per acre, and full garden ploughs, ridging, digs tree well on ridge, orchard does not configure pollinizers, short
Change stock to be colonized by spacing in the rows 1.5-2.0m, line-spacing 3.5-4.5m, vigorous stock is carried out by spacing in the rows 2.5-3m, line-spacing 4.5-5m
Field planting, waters after field planting；
Step 3, pruning apple tree
Using carving bud, drawing branch, sparse branching, twisting technology, by slender spindle like or high spindle shaping requirement shaping, tool
Body operating procedure are as follows:
Step 3.1, center is dry extends the light cutting back of branch
The cutting back at the full leaf bud of the spring tip cuts the 3/4-4/5 for doing centered on staying length and extending branch, and other branches are slow to be put, is not short
It cuts；
Step 3.2, sparse branching
The branch for removing the dry upper degree 1/3 dry crude greater than center in center, removes overlapping branch, intensive branch, removes the apprentice on major branch
Long shoot；
Step 3.3, bud is carved
Before fruit tree bud, bud is carved every 3-4 bud screw type in apple tree shaping strip；
Step 3.4, branch is drawn
Month current year 6-7 carries out drawing branch, and the branch that end of the branch is upwarped is pulled to 90-120 degree；
Step 3.5, it turns round slightly
Major branch it is long to 15cm when, carry out low level in base portion and turn round slightly, tiltedly upper branch it is long to 15cm when, by being evened up after branch softening；
Step 4, liquid pollination
Step 4.1, according to the combo mode of every 100g essence pollen, 100kg water, 30g xanthan gum, 10kg sucrose, 4g boric acid
Prepare liquid pollination pollen suspension；
Step 4.2, liquid pollination is carried out in such a way that sprayer is spraying；
Step 5, fruit thinning
Step 5.1, the first time fruit thinning since the 10th day of apple tree Post flowering, first time fruit thinning dredge side fruit, fruitlet, fruit
The not positive cull fruit of type and disease pest fruit；
Step 5.2, second of fruit thinning since the 20th day of apple tree Post flowering, second of fruit thinning is according to the kind of fruit tree
Fruit is stayed with fruit spacing, and continues 10 days, large-scale 20-25cm of fruit interval stays 1 fruit, and small-sized fruit interval 15-20cm stays 1 fruit.
Further, in step 2.1, the dwarfing rootstock is SH system dwarfing rootstock or M system dwarfing rootstock.
Further, in step 2.1, the vigorous stock is Mains micromalus or mountain fourth.
Further, in step 2.3, the row spacing is 1.0-1.2m, a height of 0.3m in ridge, the size of the tree well
Are as follows: 0.3m × 0.3m × 0.2m.
Further, in step 2.3, watering includes: to water after being colonized after the field planting, -7 days 5 days after field planting
The 2nd watering is carried out, then poured 1 water and continuous 2 waterings every 10 days.
Further, in step 4, the liquid pollination further includes, apple tree the flowers are in blossom amount normal time, 50%
Center carries out a liquid pollination when the flowers are in blossom.
Further, in step 4, the liquid pollination further includes, in apple tree the flowers are in blossom amount less than flower of normal time
The time of opening amount 10%, the flowers are in blossom at center 50% and 80% when respectively carry out a liquid pollination.
Implement the method for the invention orchard be not carried out the method for the invention the orchard flower and fruit thinning amount of labour used and
Recruitment cost statistics, as shown in table 1:
| The flower and fruit thinning amount of labour used (man day/mu) | Recruitment cost (member/mu) | |
| Implement the orchard of the method for the invention | 2.2 | 242 |
| The orchard of the method for the invention is not carried out | 2.8 | 310 |
Implement the method for the invention orchard compared with non-the method of the invention, the flower and fruit thinning amount of labour used in orchard subtracts per acre
Few 21.4%, mu saves recruitment cost 21.9%.
Present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, without departing substantially from substantive content of the present invention, art technology
Any deformation, improvement, the replacement that personnel are contemplated that each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of apple tree flower and fruit thinning, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, Newly built orchard addressing
Orchard addressing soil organic matter content 1% or more, level of ground water 1.5 meters or less, soil depth 60 centimetres with
Orchard establishing on the place of apple tree is not planted in upper and one kilometer range of periphery, the soil in Newly built orchard place is loam or sand
The winter extreme temperature of loam, Newly built orchard area is not less than -25 DEG C；
Step 2, nursery stock is planted
Step 2.1, stock is selected
Level land, beach select to gentle slope dwarfing rootstock, and mountainous region, hilly ground select vigorous stock；
Step 2.2, nursery stock is selected
Nursery stock according to level-one nursery stock as defined in GB9874-2003 apple nursery stock, nursery stock lateral root 5 or more, length 20cm or more,
Height of seedling full bud number 10 or more in 1.2m or more, base diameter 1.2cm or more, shaping strip；
Step 2.3, planting stock
Orchard is spread fertilizer over the fields through decomposed sheep dung per acre, and full garden ploughs, ridging, digs tree well on ridge, orchard does not configure pollinizers, dwarfing stock
Wood is colonized by spacing in the rows 1.5-2.0m, line-spacing 3.5-4.5m, and vigorous stock is determined by spacing in the rows 2.5-3m, line-spacing 4.5-5m
It plants, waters after field planting；
Step 3, pruning apple tree
Using carving bud, drawing branch, sparse branching, twisting technology, by slender spindle like or high spindle shaping requirement shaping, specific behaviour
Make step are as follows:
Step 3.1, center is dry extends the light cutting back of branch
The cutting back at the full leaf bud of the spring tip, cuts the 3/4-4/5 for doing centered on staying length and extending branch, and other branches are slow to be put, not cutting back；
Step 3.2, sparse branching
The branch for removing the dry upper degree 1/3 dry crude greater than center in center, removes overlapping branch, intensive branch, removes the branch of excessive growth on major branch；
Step 3.3, bud is carved
Before fruit tree bud, bud is carved every 3-4 bud screw type in apple tree shaping strip；
Step 3.4, branch is drawn
Month current year 6-7 carries out drawing branch, and the branch that end of the branch is upwarped is pulled to 90-120 degree；
Step 3.5, it turns round slightly
Major branch it is long to 15cm when, carry out low level in base portion and turn round slightly, tiltedly upper branch it is long to 15cm when, by being evened up after branch softening；
Step 4, liquid pollination
Step 4.1, it is prepared according to the combo mode of every 100g essence pollen, 100kg water, 30g xanthan gum, 10kg sucrose, 4g boric acid
Liquid pollination pollen suspension；
Step 4.2, liquid pollination is carried out in such a way that sprayer is spraying；
Step 5, fruit thinning
Step 5.1, the first time fruit thinning since the 10th day of apple tree Post flowering, first time fruit thinning dredge side fruit, fruitlet, fruit type not
Positive cull fruit and disease pest fruit；
Step 5.2, second of fruit thinning since the 20th day of apple tree Post flowering, kind and fruit of second of fruit thinning according to fruit tree
Real spacing stays fruit, and continues 10 days, and large-scale 20-25cm of fruit interval stays 1 fruit, and small-sized fruit interval 15-20cm stays 1 fruit.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the dwarfing rootstock is SH system dwarfing stock in step 2.1
Wood or M system dwarfing rootstock.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2.1, the vigorous stock be Mains micromalus or
Mountain fourth.
4. the row spacing is 1.0-1.2m, described the method according to claim 1, wherein existing in step 2.3
The a height of 0.3m in ridge, the size of the tree well are as follows: 0.3m × 0.3m × 0.2m.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein watering specifically includes after the field planting in step 2.3:
It waters after field planting, carries out the 2nd watering within -7 days 5 days after field planting, then poured 1 water and continuous 2 waterings every 10 days.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the liquid pollination further include: apple tree
The flowers are in blossom the amount normal time, and 50% center carries out a liquid pollination when the flowers are in blossom.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the liquid pollination further include: in apple
Tree the flowers are in blossom amount less than the flowers are in blossom normal time amount 10% time, the flowers are in blossom at center 50% and 80% when respectively carry out a liquid and award
Powder.
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Cited By (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110100725A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-09 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of apple liquid pollination medicament and pollinating method |
| CN110754358A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-02-07 | 山东农业大学 | Device and method for adjusting fruit setting rate of fruit trees by position and flow double-control liquid pollination |
| CN115211318A (en) * | 2022-06-25 | 2022-10-21 | 深圳市鑫荣懋果业科技产业有限公司 | Cultivation method for close planting of apples by using dwarf stocks in mountainous regions |
| CN116171788A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-05-30 | 青岛农业大学 | Method for controlling apple tree load based on cross pollination |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN110754358A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-02-07 | 山东农业大学 | Device and method for adjusting fruit setting rate of fruit trees by position and flow double-control liquid pollination |
| CN110754358B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2024-02-13 | 山东农业大学 | Device and method for adjusting fruit setting rate of fruit trees through position flow double-control liquid pollination |
| CN115211318A (en) * | 2022-06-25 | 2022-10-21 | 深圳市鑫荣懋果业科技产业有限公司 | Cultivation method for close planting of apples by using dwarf stocks in mountainous regions |
| CN116171788A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-05-30 | 青岛农业大学 | Method for controlling apple tree load based on cross pollination |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109197311B (en) | 2021-01-12 |
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