CN109699323B - Method for breeding miscanthus sinensis in autumn of yellow river delta - Google Patents
Method for breeding miscanthus sinensis in autumn of yellow river delta Download PDFInfo
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- CN109699323B CN109699323B CN201910085948.4A CN201910085948A CN109699323B CN 109699323 B CN109699323 B CN 109699323B CN 201910085948 A CN201910085948 A CN 201910085948A CN 109699323 B CN109699323 B CN 109699323B
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- 241000878006 Miscanthus sinensis Species 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 241000878007 Miscanthus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001902 propagating Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004083 survival Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004936 Bromus mango Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007228 Mangifera indica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014826 Mangifera indica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009184 Spondias indica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000003917 Bambusa tulda Species 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001330028 Panicoideae Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of plant propagation, and mainly provides a method for large-scale asexual propagation of field miscanthus by stem cutting in autumn in the yellow river delta area. The method comprises the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, selecting and processing cutting slips, placing seedling paper tubes, cutting the cutting slips, covering soil, watering, covering soil for the second time, and covering the film. The invention has the characteristics that: (1) the miscanthus can be bred in the yellow river delta area in autumn; (2) the labor can be reduced, the land and the energy can be saved; (3) the method can greatly improve the propagation coefficient of the miscanthus and carry out large-scale and standardized propagation, thereby providing a propagation method for large-scale and standardized production of miscanthus in saline-alkali areas of yellow river delta.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant propagation, and particularly relates to a stem cutting propagation method of miscanthus in a yellow river delta area in autumn.
Background
The miscanthus is a perennial C4 high herbaceous plant of Gramineae, has the characteristics of high biomass yield, excellent biomass yield, low planting cost, strong adaptability and the like, is considered to be a biomass energy plant with great development potential, and the young leaves of the plant can be used as livestock feed, and the plant has the functions of greening and improving saline-alkali soil and can play a good ecological effect on saline-alkali marginal land in the yellow river delta area.
The following problems exist in the breeding of miscanthus in autumn in the yellow river delta area: (1) because of its biological properties, the temperature for growing Chinese silvergrass must be above 10 deg.C. The temperature in autumn of the yellow river delta area is low, frost is earlier than that in the Yangtze river basin, the wind is strong, the air is dry, and the production mode of growing seedlings in south is not suitable for the area. (2) The root system of the miscanthus is developed, the root system winding condition exists in the traditional field seedling raising mode, the labor is consumed during transplanting and planting, the seedling revival phenomenon exists after transplanting, and the growth period is long after transplanting. (3) The method has the advantages of low propagation coefficient and high working strength.
The experiment carries out the miscanthus sinensis propagation by the stem section cuttage method, has the advantages of low labor intensity, high propagation efficiency and propagation coefficient, strong regional adaptability and no seedling revival period (short seedling growth period) after transplantation, and solves the common problem of miscanthus sinensis propagation in autumn in the yellow river delta area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a miscanthus propagation method with strong operation practicability, small working strength and low cost, establishes a working flow suitable for the miscanthus propagation in autumn in the yellow river delta area, determines key operation, ensures that the obtained miscanthus seedlings have high survival rate, large propagation quantity and no seedling revival period, and is convenient for the subsequent production of miscanthus in a large field.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a method for propagating miscanthus sinensis in autumn in yellow river delta, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a miscanthus raising land which is flat in terrain and good in drainage or a 1-3-degree southeast slope in autumn and winter in the yellow river delta region and has a cold climate; loosening surface soil by using a rotary cultivator, removing weeds, smashing larger soil blocks by using a disc harrow, a rake with spikes and other tools, and sorting out a nursery garden with the width of 40-60 cm and the height of 20-25 cm lower than the ground;
(2) selecting and processing cutting shoots: selecting strong and thick mango branches as cutting shoots, wherein lateral buds on the cutting shoots are developed fully and plump; obliquely cutting the cutting slips up and down by using a cutter or a sickle, wherein the distance between an upper cut and a bud is about 8-20 cm, and a lower cut is about 5-10 cm below a knot;
(3) placing a seedling paper tube: pulling the seedling paper cylinders to be 100-150 cm long and 30-50 cm wide, and fixing the paper cylinders in the well-made seedling nursery in sequence according to two paper cylinders in each row;
(4) cutting the cutting slips: inserting the cut cutting slips into the soil according to the original direction;
(5) and (3) covering soil: covering the seedling paper cylinder with fine soil mixed with organic fertilizer; the seedling paper tube is covered with the fine soil mixed with the organic fertilizer, so that the nutritional requirement of the seedlings after emergence can be met, meanwhile, the later fertilization procedures are reduced, and the operation steps are simplified;
(6) watering: spraying the cutting slips covered with the fine soil by using 800 times diluted carbendazim solution, and completely pouring to ensure that the loose soil sinks and wraps the cutting slips;
(7) secondary soil covering: covering the seedling paper cylinder with the fine soil mixed with the organic fertilizer for the second time;
(8) film covering: bending Mao bamboo chips, thin bamboo poles and the like into bow shapes to be used as a framework of the small plastic arched shed, covering with plastic films, and pressing the two sides of the films with soil to ensure light transmission, heat preservation and moisture preservation in the arched shed;
(9) and (3) performing cuttage later-stage management: watering once every 5-7 days after the first time of watering thoroughly, and covering a film after the watering thoroughly; watering thoroughly before frost comes, and continuing watering when the ground temperature rises in the spring of the next year;
(10) lifting and planting: seedling lifting and transplanting in the spring of the second year after cuttage; when lifting seedlings, the downward digging depth is required to be more than 6cm, and the width is larger than the range of the original buried seedling paper tube, so as to keep the integrity of the Chinese silvergrass seedlings with soil blocks; planting the seeds in a flat field according to the line spacing of 100cm multiplied by 100 cm.
Preferably, after beveling in the step (2), each scion is ensured to contain 1 full and full lateral bud, and the length of each scion is 15-30 cm.
Preferably, seedling paper tubes are placed in the step (3), soil is gathered by using the space in the paper tubes, cutting slips are divided into independent individuals, the walls of the paper tubes are used for preventing roots of the Chinese silvergrass seedlings after cuttage from winding, Chinese silvergrass seedlings with soil blocks are formed in each paper tube in the later period, and when the seedlings are lifted and fixed, the root systems of the Chinese silvergrass seedlings are complete, the transplanting survival rate is improved, the seedling recovering period is not prolonged, the growth period is prolonged, the planting is carried out along with digging, and the labor is saved.
Preferably, in the step (4), the cut cutting slips are inserted into the soil in the original direction, the upper parts of the cutting slips are kept 1-3 cm higher than the seedling paper tube, and the buds below the cutting slips are kept 3-5 cm above the seedling paper tube.
Preferably, in the step (5) of covering soil, covering the seedling paper tube with fine soil mixed with organic fertilizer, and keeping the soil surface 1-3 cm lower than the highest point of the cutting.
Preferably, the carbendazim solution diluted by 800 times is directly sprayed in the watering in the step (6), so that the soil can be sterilized and disinfected, and the watering and seedling raising effects can be achieved.
Preferably, in the step (7), the seedling paper cylinder is covered with the fine soil mixed with the organic fertilizer for the second time, and the soil surface is still kept 1-3 cm lower than the highest point of the cutting.
Preferably, in the step (10) of lifting and planting, the seedling paper tube and the miscanthus sinensis seedlings with soil blocks are integrated during lifting, and the independent miscanthus sinensis seedlings can be easily broken by hand. The mode greatly saves labor, improves working efficiency and shortens production time.
The miscanthus is a perennial high C4 herbaceous plant of Panicoideae of Gramineae, has high photosynthesis and high carbon fixation effects, and has positive effect on saline-alkali soil improvement. The climate in autumn and winter in the yellow river delta area is cold, and no research and report on the cuttage propagation of miscanthus in the yellow river delta area in autumn is found.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for stem cutting propagation of the miscanthus sinensis is utilized, and only overground stem sections are adopted for operation, so that the labor intensity is reduced, the damage to original plants is reduced, and the propagation coefficient is improved.
2. The adoption of the seedling paper tube for propagation reduces the cost of a seedling container, improves the adaptability and survival rate of seedling transplantation, and establishes a standardized and large-scale field propagation mode.
3. Through the steps of covering fine soil mixed with organic fertilizer and spraying with 800 times diluted carbendazim solution, the working steps of cutting seedling raising are simplified, and the labor cost is reduced.
4. By covering the small arched shed film, the problems of dryness and low temperature in autumn of the yellow river delta are solved, and the regional adaptability of the miscanthus sinensis seedlings to propagation and growth in the yellow river delta is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
As described in the background art, the following problems exist in the breeding of miscanthus in autumn in the yellow river Delta region: (1) because of its biological properties, the temperature for growing Chinese silvergrass must be above 10 deg.C. The temperature in autumn of the yellow river delta area is low, frost is earlier than that in the Yangtze river basin, the wind is strong, the air is dry, and the production mode of growing seedlings in south is not suitable for the area. (2) The root system of the miscanthus is developed, the root system winding condition exists in the traditional field seedling raising mode, the labor is consumed during transplanting and planting, the seedling revival phenomenon exists after transplanting, and the growth period is long after transplanting. (3) The method has the advantages of low propagation coefficient and high working strength.
The invention creatively provides the following example, a reproduction case of beneficial biological agriculture Limited company in coastal and polluted areas.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: in autumn and winter in the yellow river delta area, the climate is cold, and the miscanthus raising land is selected to be a flat land with flat terrain and good drainage or a southeast slope of 1-3 degrees. Loosening surface soil by using a rotary cultivator, removing weeds, smashing larger soil blocks by using a disc harrow, a rake with spikes and other tools, and sorting out a nursery garden with the height of 15-20 cm, the width of 40-60 cm and the length of 5000cm lower than the ground.
(2) Selecting and processing cutting shoots: the strong and thick branches of the miscanthus are selected as the cutting, and the lateral buds on the cutting are developed fully and plump. And (3) obliquely cutting the cutting slips up and down by using a cutter or a sickle, wherein the distance between an upper cut and the bud is about 8-20 cm, and the distance between a lower cut and the bud is about 5-10 cm, so that each scion is ensured to contain 1 full and full lateral bud, and the length of each scion is 15-30 cm.
(3) Placing a seedling paper tube: and pulling the seedling paper cylinders to be 100-150 cm long and 30-50 cm wide, and fixing the paper cylinders in the well-made seedling nursery in sequence of two paper cylinders per row.
(4) Cutting the cutting slips: and (3) inserting the cut cutting slips into the soil according to the original direction, keeping the upper parts of the cutting slips 1-3 cm higher than the seedling paper tube, and keeping the buds below the cutting slips 3-5 cm above the seedling paper tube.
(5) And (3) covering soil: and covering the seedling paper cylinder with fine soil mixed with the organic fertilizer, and keeping the soil surface lower than the highest point of the cutting shoot by 1-3 cm.
(6) Watering: spraying the cutting slips covered with the fine soil by using 800-time diluted carbendazim solution, and completely pouring to ensure that the loose soil sinks and wraps the cutting slips.
(7) Secondary soil covering: and covering the seedling paper cylinder with the fine soil mixed with the organic fertilizer for the second time, and keeping the soil surface 1-3 cm lower than the highest point of the cutting slips.
(8) Film covering: the arched plastic tunnel is made up of bamboo sheets and thin bamboo rods through bending to form a bow, covering with plastic film, and pressing both sides of film with soil.
(9) And (3) performing cuttage later-stage management: watering once every 5-7 days after the first time of watering thoroughly, and covering a film after the watering thoroughly. Watering thoroughly before frost comes, and continuing watering when the ground temperature rises in the spring of the next year.
(10) Lifting and planting: and (5) seedling lifting and transplanting in the spring of the second year after cuttage. When seedlings are lifted, the digging depth is required to be more than 6cm, and the width is larger than the range of the original buried seedling paper tube, so that the integrity of the miscanthus sinensis seedlings with soil blocks is maintained. Planting the seeds in a flat field according to the line spacing of 100cm multiplied by 100 cm.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the undescribed technical features of the present invention can be implemented by or using the prior art, and will not be described herein again; the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art should understand that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions which are made by those skilled in the art within the spirit of the present invention are also within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for breeding miscanthus sinensis in autumn in yellow river Delta is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting flat ground with flat terrain and good drainage or a 1-3 DEG southeast slope in the yellow river delta area in autumn and winter; loosening surface soil by using a rotary cultivator, removing weeds, smashing larger soil blocks by using a disc harrow and a rake, and sorting out a nursery garden with the width of 40-60 cm and the height of 20-25 cm lower than the ground;
(2) selecting and processing cutting shoots: selecting strong and thick mango branches as cutting shoots, wherein lateral buds on the cutting shoots are developed fully and plump; obliquely cutting the cutting slips up and down by using a cutter or a sickle, wherein the distance between an upper cut and a bud is 8-20 cm, the distance between a lower cut and the bud is 5-10 cm, each scion contains 1 full and full lateral bud, and the length of each scion is 15-30 cm;
(3) placing a seedling paper tube: pulling the seedling paper tube to be 100-150 cm long and 30-50 cm wide, fixing the paper tubes in a well-made seedling nursery in sequence according to two rows, using the space in the paper tubes to gather soil and divide the cutting slips into independent individuals, using the walls of the paper tubes to prevent the roots of the cuttings from winding, and forming the miscanthus seedlings with soil blocks in each paper tube at the later stage, so that the complete root systems of the miscanthus seedlings can be ensured, the transplanting survival rate can be improved, the seedling recovering period can be shortened, the growth period can be prolonged, the seedlings can be planted along with digging, and the labor can be saved;
(4) cutting the cutting slips: inserting the cut cutting slips into the soil according to the original direction;
(5) and (3) covering soil: covering the seedling paper cylinder with fine soil mixed with organic fertilizer;
(6) watering: spraying the cutting slips covered with the fine soil by using 800 times diluted carbendazim solution, and completely pouring to ensure that the loose soil sinks and wraps the cutting slips;
(7) secondary soil covering: covering the seedling paper cylinder with the fine soil mixed with the organic fertilizer for the second time;
(8) film covering: bending Mao bamboo chips and thin bamboo rods into a bow shape to be used as a framework of the plastic small arched shed, covering the plastic film, and pressing the two sides of the film by soil to ensure light transmission, heat preservation and moisture preservation in the arched shed;
(9) and (3) performing cuttage later-stage management: watering once every 5-7 days after the first time of watering thoroughly, and covering a film after the watering thoroughly; watering to permeating water before frost comes, and continuing watering when the ground temperature rises in the spring of the next year;
(10) lifting and planting: seedling lifting and transplanting in the spring of the second year after cuttage; when lifting seedlings, the downward digging depth is required to be more than 6cm, and the width is larger than the range of the original buried seedling paper tube, so as to keep the integrity of the Chinese silvergrass seedlings with soil blocks; planting the seeds in a flat field according to the line spacing of 100cm multiplied by 100 cm.
2. The method for propagating miscanthus in autumn of yellow river delta as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) after beveling in the step (2), ensuring that each scion contains 1 full and full lateral bud, and ensuring that the length of each scion is 15-30 cm.
3. The method for propagating miscanthus in autumn of yellow river delta as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) inserting the cut cutting slips into the soil according to the original direction, keeping the upper parts of the cutting slips 1-3 cm higher than the seedling paper tube, and keeping the buds below the cutting slips 3-5 cm above the seedling paper tube.
4. The method for propagating miscanthus in autumn of yellow river delta as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (5) in the step of covering soil, covering the seedling paper cylinder with fine soil mixed with the organic fertilizer, and keeping the soil surface 1-3 cm lower than the highest point of the cutting.
5. The method for propagating miscanthus in autumn of yellow river delta as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) directly spraying a carbendazim solution diluted by 800 times in the watering in the step (6), so that the soil can be sterilized and disinfected, and the watering and seedling raising effects can be achieved.
6. The method for propagating miscanthus in autumn of yellow river delta as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (5) covering the seedling paper tube with the fine soil mixed with the organic fertilizer for the second time in the step (7), and keeping the soil surface lower than the highest point of the cutting shoot by 1-3 cm.
7. The method for propagating miscanthus in autumn of yellow river delta as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (10), seedling raising and field planting, the seedling raising paper tube and the miscanthus sinensis seedlings with the soil blocks are integrated into a whole during seedling raising, and the independent miscanthus sinensis seedlings are slightly broken off by hands.
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