CN106234128A - The cultural method of alpine region Prunus avium - Google Patents
The cultural method of alpine region Prunus avium Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the cultural method of a kind of alpine region Prunus avium, comprise the following steps successively: one, field selects: select the area of height above sea level 700～1100m as cultivation area；Two, Fruit variety: selected sweet cherry variety is the biggest fruit, Sa meter Tuo, Brooks, red light, U.S. morning；Seedling is 3 years above graftings of life or 2 years following seedlings of life, and seedling stock draws dwarfing stock for lucky thiophene；Three, cultivation management: include field planting, pruning, rich water quality management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Four, take shelter from rain, sunshade measure: in annual the most just spend before carry out overlay film, remove thin film after fruit picking at the beginning of 6 months, thus realize taking shelter from rain；Adding a cover sunshade net after fruit picking at annual June until removing sunshade net after the most by the end of September, the sunshade net light transmittance used is 40%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alpine region, particularly the side of alpine region, Zhejiang Province (height above sea level 700-1100m) cultivation Prunus avium
Method.
Background technology
Prunus avium beautiful appearance, morning in good taste, ripe, enjoy the good reputations such as " spring fruit first ", " gem fruit ", be fruit
In treasure, the most in very great demand, insider is called " gold plant husbandry ".The cultivated area of world's Prunus avium
Linear upward trend is presented with yield.China's current Prunus avium cultivated area 2,000,000 mu, yield about 300,000 tons, cultivation area collection
In in northern areas such as Shandong and Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, the price of Prunus avium is always maintained at remaining high in recent years, planting benefit
Higher, the market demand is vigorous, and each department vision is strong.In Zhejiang area, still there is no the successful precedent of implant mass.20
Since the eighties in century, many R&D institutions of Zhejiang Province and fruit grower, the most repeatedly difference sweet cherry variety is incorporated into Zhejiang
Jiang Sheng carries out introducing and planting, but always because fruit setting percentage is low, yield poorly, without economic benefit without spread.Analyze me
Saving the major obstacle of Prunus avium introducing and planting, one is that the chilling requirement of sweet cherry variety is not being met, and causing can not normal growth
With bloom；Two is that full-bloom stage often meets with extreme weather, such as high temperature, low temperature or heavy showers, causes fruit-setting rate relatively low, even without
Really；Three be the sweet cherry flower idiophase on the occasion of the rainy weather of our province continuous high temperature, cause bud differentiation bad, cause next year Shuangzi
Fruit or malformed fruit ratio are higher.
Prunus avium belongs to thermophilous, requires temperature conditions relatively stricter, and budding period preference temperature is about 10 DEG C, opens
Florescence is about 15 DEG C, and the fruit maturation phase is about 20 DEG C, and rest period low temperature (less than 7.2 DEG C) demand is 750～1500 little
Time.And it is hot with season problem to face rain at level land, Zhejiang area plantation Prunus avium, needed for rainfall exceeds well over Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, especially 5,
June, hot and humid excessive rainfall not only caused period of maturation Prunus avium dehiscent fruit, and bud differentiation period just after fruit picking, and high temperature is high
Wet affecting its flower bud development process, may cause the reason such as Prunus avium ovule, blastular abortion, cause colored and unreal, tree body is on foot
Long.The overall fruit-setting rate of Prunus avium is the highest, economic benefit is unable to reach expection, limits the large area in the warm area of south China
Cultivation, the tackling key problem of the spread also key technology such as estovers kind and cultivation technique.But then, the height that cools such as cloud, expensive, river
Ground Prunus avium industry development is the most very fast, and cultivar and technology are the most ripe, it has also become the one of local farmers increase wealth
Individual new industry, illustrates to have than in low altitude area district at warmer area Diagnostic predictor territory development Prunus avium to be more suitable for Prunus avium growth
Condition.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of alpine region (particularly alpine region, Zhejiang Province) Prunus avium
Cultural method.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of alpine region (particularly alpine region, Zhejiang Province) sweet cherry
The cultural method of Fructus Persicae, comprises the following steps successively:
One, field selects:
Select the area (alpine region) of height above sea level 700～1100m as cultivation area；
Two, Fruit variety:
Selected sweet cherry variety is the biggest fruit, Sa meter Tuo, Brooks, red light, U.S. morning；Seedling is more than life in 3 years
Grafting or 2 years following seedlings of life, seedling stock draws dwarfing stock for lucky thiophene；
Three, cultivation management:
1), field planting: before planting, every mu of application of organic fertilizers 2500 ± 100kg, Root growth, the high 0.4 ± 0.05m in ridge, row spacing
1.5±0.2m；；Mu is planted 56～84 strains, i.e. distance between rows and hills about 4m × (2m～3m)；Planting generation is that December is to February next year；Plant
Accomplish when planting that neat, grafting mouth flushes with ground, waters permeable, fixed doing；
2), pruning:
Tree-like employing evacuates layering shape, shapes trunk high 2.3～2.7m, hat 2.8～3.2m, is divided into three layers；
3), rich water quality management:
Including following three major types fertilization mode:
Autumn basal dressing；
After florescence, fruit expanding period, fruit picking, these periods topdress；
In fruit development, these critical periods of bud differentiation, spray foliage fertilizer (thus supplementing the nutrients in time)；
Remarks illustrate: big loose water liked by Prunus avium, uses above-mentioned fertilization mode can be effectively improved fruit quality；
4), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Divide and carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control following 5 periods:
Rest period (November is to early Febuary)；
Bud sprouting period (early and middle ten days in March)；
The cherry fruit Fructus Persicae big phase (by the end of March to by the end of April)；
The fruit maturation phase (the first tenday period of a month in May are to by the end of June)；
Fruit tree trophophase in summer (July is to by the end of October)；
Four, take shelter from rain, sunshade measure:
Before the most just spending, carry out overlay film, remove thin film after fruit picking at the beginning of 6 months, thus realize taking shelter from rain；
Sunshade net is added a cover after fruit picking until removing sunshade net after the most by the end of September, the sunshade used at annual June
Net light transmittance is 40%.
Remarks illustrate: Zhejiang Province 5-8 month hot and humid excessive rainfall, easily increase the weight of the various pest and disease damage of Prunus avium send out
Raw, fruit tree growth and bud differentiation are had undesirable effect simultaneously, in bud differentiation period, cause tree body on foot because of hot and humid
Long, consume nutrient, bud differentiation is insufficient or lopsided, has a strong impact on lower annual production.For avoiding the most overcast and rainy damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging and summer
Season high temperature impact, alpine region of the present invention Prunus avium cultural method uses rain shelter cultivation and sunshade measure in summer.
The improvement of cultural method as the alpine region Prunus avium of the present invention:
The 2 of described step 3) be:
(treelet uses sparse branching, draws branch, the measure such as bud, pinching of carving to cultivate side shoot and result for treelet cultivation side shoot and fruitful branch
Branch), thus it is tree-like to promote to form evacuation layering shape；
Remarks illustrate: tree body ventilation and penetrating light is high and stable yield, cultivates the necessary condition of strong tree；Alpine region, Zhejiang Prunus avium
Growth potential is strong, is particularly easy to prosperous length summer, should more pay attention to summer pruning on the basis of cutting carrying out the winter；Summer pruning is in July～9
The moon is carried out；
Plantation First Year is fixed dry at tree body mobile jib overhead 60cm, stays full bud, later this bud institute pumping away from clip 2cm
Branch selects upright person as trunk；Staying 3～5 buds staggered in direction under this bud, remaining bud is erased, and the bud stayed sends out branch
After, form the ground floor of tree body；Second Year on the previous year stayed trunk every the same selected directions of 10cm～15cm stagger 3～
5 buds, after sending out branch, form the second layer of tree body；After trunk continued growth, leave and take 3 buds staggered in direction above, send out branch
After, form tree body third layer.
The further of cultural method as the alpine region Prunus avium of the present invention is improved:
The 2 of described step 3) be:
In order to make the branch of three layers uniformly extend to different directions, take to draw a fixation, draw angle and the trunk of branch
In 80～90 degree, along the bearing of trend of branch when drawing；If the bud of proper orientation cannot be left and taken at each layer, or select
Bud is not sprouted, then should take to carve the measure of bud, carves bud and (carve bud instrument to use before i.e. 0.5cm is in rudiment above selected bud
Hacksaw or blade), carve bud degree of depth bast zone to be destroyed, arrive xylem, thus promote that the bud of bottom is sprouted；On each layer side shoot
Sprig grow to about 10cm～15cm pinching, thus promote flower_bud formation.
The further of cultural method as the alpine region Prunus avium of the present invention is improved:
The 3 of described step 3) in:
Autumn basal dressing is: autumn basal dressing was carried out after early September, fertilizer include fertilizer (that is, for pure fertilizer, or
Person is the mixture of fertilizer and rape cake), life in the 3 years every strain of above big tree uses 50～70kg；The life every strain of following seedling in 3 years executes 20
～30kg；
Remarks explanation: fertilizer is the animal excreta become thoroughly decomposed, the cattle and sheep excrement for example, become thoroughly decomposed, duck excrement etc.；Fertilizer and rape cake
Proportioning be 100:10 (weight ratio)；
Topdress for: using compound fertilizer or carbamide, consumption is the every strain of 200-800g/ of every time topdressing, and carries out ditch spread, for ensureing
Fertilising quality, it should water in time after topdressing moistening to soil surface；
Spraying foliage fertilizer is:
To the fruit development period before gathering, these critical periods of bud differentiation every 10 ± 1 days foliage-spray quality after spending
The Borax+0.3 of the carbamide+0.1% of concentration 0.3%～the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 0.5% or the diluent of precious 800 times of raw power,
Thus fruit-setting rate can be improved, increase yield, improve fruit quality, improve the bud quality.
Prunus avium happiness water is still afraid of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, so using omnidistance drip irrigation maximally efficient, and conveniently controls water consumption
(water consumption controls: start when antecedent soil moisture is loose to pour water, and when soil surface keeps moistening, stops pouring water), especially it should be noted that
Fruit expanding period stopping water, can prevent dehiscent fruit etc. from occurring.
The further of cultural method as the alpine region Prunus avium of the present invention is improved:
The 4 of described step 3) in:
A, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of rest period (November is to early Febuary) be:
Clean the residual sick branch of dry branches and fallen leaves and reduce the hibernating base of wintering pest evil；Tree body is whitewashed, and can reduce the generation of freeze injury,
Concurrently disinfect the disease pest ovum survived the winter；White-out agent: with quick lime 10 parts, Cosan 1 part, 40 parts of water, fresh soya-bean milk 2 parts, carry out trunk
Whitewash (the most main trunk is whitewashed to ground floor layering) from ground；
After having whitewashed, then carry out the lime sulfur (till being sprayed onto branch dropping liquid) of full garden spraying Baume 5 degree, have scale insect
The orchard occurred, available iron brush brush breaks the shell of scale insect, kills overwintering nymphs；
B, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of bud sprouting period (on March, the middle ten days) be:
The lime sulfur (to branch dropping liquid) of full garden spraying Baume 5 degree, has the orchard spray 20% of scale insect to kill chrysanthemum
3000 times of diluents of emulsifiable concentrate are once (to branch dropping liquid)；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of C, florescence and leaf stretching period (by the end of March to by the end of April) is:
It is now in the period after thanking to flower show leaf, sprays 600 times of diluents of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and (also may be used
Select 500 times of diluents of Thiodiazole-copper or 500 times of diluents of carbendazim), (1:1 can be mixed together by 800 times of diluents precious with raw power
Volume ratio) use, spray to blade face moistening；
D, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in the first tenday period of a month in May to June be:
Prevention neck Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, scale insect, red spider, big greenery Cicadae, brown spot, shothole disease can be selected for, 4% chlopyrifos 1500 times
Diluent (1000 times of diluents of thiophanate methyl or 500 times of diluents of Thiodiazole-copper) carries out blade face mixing and sprays (the body of 1:1
Long-pending than) to blade face moistening；Spray 800 times of liquid of the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches azoles alcohol after rain every time and carry out blade face protection, be sprayed onto blade face moistening till；
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of fruit tree trophophase in summer (July is to October) be:
Now prevent and treat various pest and disease damage, mainly prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as heart-eating worm, shothole disease, brown spot, can be every 20 ± 2 days
Spray a medicine；Or according to rainwater how many depending on, rainy will spray medicine diseases prevention when above for three days on end.
Remarks illustrate: insecticide used has chlopyrifos, biphenyl chrysanthemum fat, chlorine fluorine cyanogen chrysanthemum fat, d ichlorbenzuron, avilamycin, sweeps demodicid mite
Only, azacyclotin；Antibacterial has: thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, Thiodiazole-copper, Mancozeb, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches azoles alcohol, Yekuzuo, kasugarnycin,
Streptomycins etc., antibacterial notes being used alternatingly.
The further of cultural method as the alpine region Prunus avium of the present invention is improved:
Described step 4 is:
Described rain shelter cultivation is: build steelframe or concrete column steel construction booth, and booth width is 8m, highly 3.5～4m,
Length is as the criterion according to alpine terrain；Before the most just spending, carry out overlay film, after fruit picking at the beginning of 6 months, remove thin film.
Remarks illustrate: Zhejiang Province 5-8 month hot and humid excessive rainfall, easily increase the weight of the various pest and disease damage of Prunus avium send out
Raw, fruit tree growth and bud differentiation are had undesirable effect simultaneously, in bud differentiation period, cause tree body on foot because of hot and humid
Long, consume nutrient, bud differentiation is insufficient or lopsided, has a strong impact on lower annual production.For avoiding the most overcast and rainy damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging and summer
Season high temperature impact, alpine region of the present invention Prunus avium cultural method uses rain shelter cultivation and sunshade measure in summer.
In the present invention, because mountain area wind is big and Zhejiang area summer and autumn is easily by typhoon influence, increase booth should be taken into full account
Rated wind velocity, increases steel pipe rugosity, and uses steel strand wires tractive to reinforce.
1500 times or 1000 times etc. be relative to pesticide stock solution dilute with water after mass concentration, this belongs to conventional public affairs
Know technology.
The present invention selects to cultivate Prunus avium in the alpine region of Linan City of Zhejiang Province height above sea level about 1000m, has significantly
Regional superiority and unique weather conditions, can be that Shanghai, Hangzhou and surrounding cities citizen provide high-quality fruit, it is also possible to greatly
Promote recreational tourism agricultural development, there is good development prospect.Linan City is located in temmoku mountain area, northwestern Zhejiang, position
In 118 ° of 51' to 119 ° of 52' of east longitude, 29 ° of 56' to 30 ° of 23' of north latitude, belong to south, middle subtropical zone monsoon climatic region edge, warm wet
Profit, illumination is sufficient, and rainfall is abundant, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons.When alpine region, Linan City is every year below 7.2 DEG C according to statistics a length of 1300 little
Time, the requirement of low temperature of part sweet cherry variety can be met.Average annual precipitation 1613.9 millimeters, precipitation Day 158 days, annual gas
Temperature 16.2 DEG C, the annual average frost-free period is 237 days, and terms and conditions is satisfied by the growth demand of Prunus avium, and alpine region summer
Substantially there is no the high temperature impact of more than 35 DEG C, it is to avoid the adverse effect that sweet cherry flower is broken up by high temperature.
The domestic physical features in Linan City tilts from the north-westward southeast, is ringed on three sides by mountains in north, border, city, west, south, and whole landforms are with mountains low-to-middle in height
Hills is main.Northwest, mountain area, west and south mean sea level are at more than 1000m, and east valley plain height above sea level is at below 50m.Wherein sea
Pulling out more than 1000m mountain area area and account for 5.4%, height above sea level 800m～1000m mountain area area account for 8.8%, height above sea level 500m～800m mountain area
Area accounts for 18.3%, and height above sea level 100m～hillock, 500m hills account for 57.4%, and the following valley plain of height above sea level 100m accounts for 10.4%.Linan
It is huge that city and whole Zhejiang Province may utilize high mountain area, if Prunus avium is at alpine region, Zhejiang Province success Extend culture, in advance
Phase can obtain preferable economic benefit, and to agricultural sector structure adjustment, the comprehensive utilization of resources of hillside, forest land is significant.
In the present invention, due to Prunus avium intolerant to waterlogging, avoid arid, select fertile soil, loose, draining and keeping fertility preferable
Leeward on the sunny side, level of ground water is low, have irrigation conditions and easily implement the plot of rain shelter cultivation.At Linan City of Zhejiang Province height above sea level
The alpine region of similar climatic characteristic in the range of 700-1100m scope and Zhejiang Province.
The present invention provide alpine region, a kind of Zhejiang Province cultivation Prunus avium method, the method from Prunus avium field select,
Fruit variety, cultivation management, the technical system of the aspect Erecting and improvings such as Facilities Construction of taking shelter from rain and standardized planting pattern, for this locality
District's agricultural sector structure adjustment, increasing peasant income provide strong technical support.
Use the method cultivation Prunus avium of the present invention, can have a following technical advantage:
This research plant experimentally in Zhejiang provincial Diagnostic predictor, although spring heats up also early, but population mean maximum temperature exists
20.3 DEG C, compared with level land, Zhejiang, it is more beneficial for the Pollination Fertilization at Prunus avium florescence, shows as introducing 5 kinds planted experimentally except U.S.
Outside early fruit-setting rate is 21.9%, remaining kind all has higher fruit-setting rate, and the biggest fruit reaches as high as 35.6%.And, 5 kinds
Fruit properties the most similar to the same kind fruit properties produced in China Suitable Area.Introduced 5 kinds planted experimentally, continuously
2 years (2014 and 2015) all can yield positive results by normal growth, and single plant yield is with the biggest fruit, red light, Brooks and Sa meter
Taking off for excellent, average product, all at about 10kg, has obvious economic flow rate, as planted as a example by 50 strains by mu, per mu yield up to
500kg, possesses obvious economic benefit.
The present invention is different from the past at level land, Zhejiang introducing and planting, and is selected at our province Linan Diagnostic predictor and introduces a fine variety
Cultivation research.Along with the development of Zhejiang Province's recreational tourism agricultural, Prunus avium is gone sightseeing to pluck seeds as one and is had bigger
Development prospect, Development area is preferentially placed on Diagnostic predictor introduction and plants experimentally, more can obtain the success that Prunus avium is introduced a fine variety.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is result phase and the fruit figure of Brooks；
Fig. 2 is result phase and the fruit figure of Sa meter Tuo.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1, the method for alpine region, a kind of Zhejiang Province cultivation Prunus avium, comprise the following steps:
One, field selects: in the alpine region of Linan City of Zhejiang Province height above sea level 1058 meters, Prunus avium intolerant to waterlogging, avoid arid, choosing
Select the plot that fertile soil, loose, draining and keeping fertility are the most leeward on the sunny side, level of ground water is low, have irrigation conditions.
Plant experimentally (Shang Xi village, Long Gang town, Linan City) height above sea level at 1058 meters, average temperature of the whole year 16.2 DEG C, annual precipitation
1463mm, year sunshine time 1768 hours, January average daily lowest temperature-1.6 DEG C, July the average daily highest temperature 29.5 DEG C.
Table 1, Linan City of Zhejiang Province introducing region relevant climate information
Two, Fruit variety: selected sweet cherry variety is the biggest fruit, Sa meter Tuo, Brooks, red light, U.S. morning.Seedling
It it is the above grafting of life (seedlings) in 3 years.Seedling stock draws dwarfing stock for lucky thiophene.
Three, cultivation management:
1), field planting: every mu of application of organic fertilizers 2500kg, Root growth, ridge height 0.4m, row spacing 1.5m.Distance between rows and hills 4m × 2m-
3m.Mu is planted about 56-84 strain.Planting generation is that December is to February next year.Accomplish when planting neat, grafting mouth is flat with ground one,
Water permeable, fixed dry.
2), pruning:
Shaping:
Tree-like employing evacuates layering shape, shapes the height of tree and controls at 2.5m, is preced with width 3m.Treelet use sparse branching, draw branch, carve bud,
Side shoot and fruitful branch are cultivated in the measures such as pinching, are formed tree-like as early as possible, and tree body ventilation and penetrating light is high and stable yield, cultivates the necessary of strong tree
Condition.
Evacuating layering Xing You center to do, dry height is not less than 50cm, divides one layer every 60cm on center is dry, and different directions is wrong
Fall to giving birth to a major branch extended, stop major branch, about totally 25, full tree, spreading angle 80～90, during shaping, Zhi Dui center
Dry elongated shoot carries out the cutting back of necessity, removes back branch.Center is done with major branch rugosity than about 3:1.If the growth busy season finds whole
On shape band, branch is the most prosperous, can suitably pinching control, and when Second Year is pruned spring, the dry elongated shoot in center stays 60cm left there being bifurcation
The right side is cut and is cut.Can carry out drawing branch to process if bottom annotinous branch reaches to grow requirement, when drawing, suitably adjust each major branch angle
Degree and direction, reasonable layout space.Whole major branch carves lateral bud and the lower bud of the back of the body, promotes the formation of bouquet shape Fruit branch.To indivedual centers
Dry insufficient height, the tree of major branch lazy weight, carry out the dry cutting back in center, growth-promoting major branch, center is done top and is distributed not if any major branch
Uniformly, still can carve bud having at space, promote it and branch out.Principle to be held is to note removing unnecessary major branch and competitive branch, control
Enriching shoot processed, helps weak branch.
Prune:
Alpine region, Zhejiang Prunus avium growth potential is strong, is particularly easy to prosperous length summer, heavier on the basis of should cutting carrying out the winter
Depending on summer pruning.Summer pruning is carried out in 7～JIUYUE, based on pinching, top clipping, draws the measure such as branch, the torsion tip, reaches to balance tree vigo(u)r,
Promote the purpose of bud differentiation.The branch of Prunus avium is easily upright, and especially branch back bud easily sprouts back vertical branch, institute
So that useless vertical branch to be removed as early as possible.And draw branch only not draw once, adjust at any time.Prunus avium branch easily inclined body
Growth, the most several strong prosperous boughs concentrate on side or the most prosperous phenomenon pressing through major branch of side shoot, and the shaping phase is it should be noted that control strong prosperous branch
Or concentrate the branch of side by drawing branch to adjust angle and orientation.Remove big wound during winter pruning should not heal, and easily flow
Glue, preferably removes in the season of growth or after gathering.When removing, wound to be put down, little, does not stay stake.Treelet prune can not cutting back too much,
In order to avoid causing branch intensive, illumination condition is bad, and tree-shaped is disorderly, and the tree prosperous to growing way should suitably be delayed and be put, if cutting back is too much,
Then may cut more prosperous and more prosperous, to treelet except trunk and major branch elongated shoot being carried out appropriateness cutting back by shaping requirement, inspire and newly slightly expand
Outside tree crown, in other, brachyplast is the most motionless, and on the basis of cultivation is tree-like, cultivation results branch group, in order to result ahead of time.Prunus avium
Tree avoids the most slow putting, and slow degree of letting slip can cause interior thorax hollow, move outside setting fruit position, and tree vigo(u)r is weak.Therefore produce on should delay put several
Year the most suitably bounces back, it is ensured that under normal outcome premise, pumping can go out a number of young sprout every year.
3, rich water quality management:
Autumn basal dressing is: autumn basal dressing was carried out after early September, fertilizer include fertilizer (that is, for pure fertilizer, or
Person is the mixture of fertilizer and rape cake), life in the 3 years every strain of above big tree uses 50～70kg；The life every strain of following seedling in 3 years executes 20
～30kg.
Remarks explanation: fertilizer is the animal excreta become thoroughly decomposed, the cattle and sheep excrement for example, become thoroughly decomposed, duck excrement etc.；Fertilizer and rape cake
Proportioning be 100:10 (weight ratio).
Topdress for: using compound fertilizer or carbamide, consumption is every strain 200-800g that every time topdresses, and carries out ditch spread, for ensureing
Fertilising quality, it should water in time after topdressing moistening to soil surface.
Spraying foliage fertilizer is:
To the fruit development period before gathering, these critical periods of bud differentiation every about 10 days foliage-spray quality after spending
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of the Borax+0.3-0.5% of the carbamide+0.1% of concentration 0.3% or the diluent of precious 800 times of raw power, from
And fruit-setting rate can be improved, increase yield, improve fruit quality, improve the bud quality.
Prunus avium happiness water is still afraid of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, so using omnidistance drip irrigation maximally efficient, and conveniently controls water consumption
(water consumption controls: start when antecedent soil moisture is loose to pour water, and when soil surface keeps moistening, stops pouring water), especially it should be noted that
Fruit expanding period stopping water, can prevent dehiscent fruit etc. from occurring.
4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
November to early Febuary (rest period):
Clean the residual sick branch of dry branches and fallen leaves and reduce the hibernating base of wintering pest evil；Tree body is whitewashed, and can reduce the generation of freeze injury,
Concurrently disinfect the disease pest ovum survived the winter；White-out agent: with quick lime 10 parts, Cosan 1 part, 40 parts of water, fresh soya-bean milk 2 parts, carry out trunk
Whitewash (the most main trunk is whitewashed to ground floor layering) from ground；
After having whitewashed, then carry out the lime sulfur (till being sprayed onto branch dropping liquid) of full garden spraying Baume 5 degree, have scale insect
The orchard occurred, available iron brush brush breaks the shell of scale insect, kills overwintering nymphs；
On March, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in the middle ten days (bud sprouting period) be:
The lime sulfur (to branch dropping liquid) of full garden spraying Baume 5 degree, has the orchard spray 20% of scale insect to kill chrysanthemum
3000 times of diluents of emulsifiable concentrate are once (to branch dropping liquid)；
By the end of March to by the end of April (florescence and leaf stretching period):
It is now in the period after thanking to flower show leaf, sprays 600 times of diluents of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and (also may be used
Select 500 times of diluents of Thiodiazole-copper or 500 times of diluents of carbendazim), can be mixed together with raw power 800 times of diluents of treasured and execute
With, spray moistening to blade face,
The first tenday period of a month in May are to June: prevention neck Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, scale insect, red spider, big greenery Cicadae, brown spot, shothole disease can be selected for,
4% 1000 times of diluents of chlopyrifos 1500 times diluent thiophanate methyl or 500 times of diluents of Thiodiazole-copper carry out foliage-spray
Moistening to blade face；Spray 800 times of liquid of the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches azoles alcohol after rain every time and carry out blade face protection, be sprayed onto blade face moistening till.
July to October (fruit tree trophophase in summer):
The most mainly prevent and treat various pest and disease damage, mainly prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as heart-eating worm, shothole disease, brown spot, can be every
Medicine of spray in about 20 days, or according to rainwater how many depending on, above raining will spray medicine diseases prevention for three days on end；
Common insecticide has chlopyrifos, biphenyl chrysanthemum fat, chlorine fluorine cyanogen chrysanthemum fat, d ichlorbenzuron, avilamycin, sweeps that demodicid mite is clean, azacyclotin；
Antibacterial has: thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, Thiodiazole-copper, Mancozeb, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches azoles alcohol, Yekuzuo, kasugarnycin, streptomycin etc., kills
Microbial inoculum notes being used alternatingly.
Four, take shelter from rain, sunshade measure
Zhejiang Province 5-8 month hot and humid excessive rainfall, easily increase the weight of the generation of the various pest and disease damage of Prunus avium, simultaneously to fruit
Tree growth and bud differentiation have undesirable effect, and in bud differentiation period, cause tree body excessive growth because of hot and humid, consume and support
Point, bud differentiation is insufficient or lopsided, has a strong impact on lower annual production.For avoiding the most overcast and rainy damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging and summer high temperature punching
Hitting, alpine region of the present invention Prunus avium cultural method uses rain shelter cultivation and sunshade measure in summer.
1, rain shelter cultivation: build steelframe or concrete column steel construction booth, booth width is 8m, highly 3.5-4m, length
It is as the criterion according to alpine terrain.Because mountain area wind is big and Zhejiang area summer and autumn is easily by typhoon influence, increase booth wind resistance should be taken into full account
Intensity, increases steel pipe rugosity, and uses steel strand wires tractive to reinforce.Overlay film is carried out, after fruit picking at the beginning of 6 months before the most just spending
Remove thin film.
2, sunshade measure: add a cover sunshade net at June after fruit picking, the sunshade net light transmittance used is 40%.
Sunshade net is removed after the most by the end of September.
Five, performance is introduced a fine variety:
1, Introduced Varieties showed in the phenological period of Linan City:
5 kinds introduced all enter the budding period at late March；Early flowering season differs greatly, and Sa meter Tuo, the biggest fruit bloom relatively
Early, it is beautiful early kind the latest, blooms about 10 days April；5 kinds all entered before April 10 afterwards bears fruit the phase, red light and morning
Big fruit fruit-setting rate is higher, and Brooks fruit-setting rate is minimum, and only 28.6%；The most all kinds come to the ripening period, and the biggest fruit sprouts
The bud phase, early the period of maturation, fruit development period was minimum the most the earliest, was 44 days, and the after ripening before May 29 of remaining kind, fruit is sent out
Phase of educating, at about 48 days, differs inconspicuous；Investigation shows, 5 kinds all before annual November 15 after enter the leaf fall period.
2,5 kinds of table are planting experimentally the phenological period on ground
Note: the budding period refers to that the bud phosphorus sheet investigating plant 5% splits, the time that top dew is green, the early flowering season refers to the flower of about 5%
The bud wide-open time, full-bloom stage refers to the bud wide-open time of 25%, and the phase of bearing fruit refers between full-bloom stage in open spending
Having the flower of 5% it is observed that ovary is substantially expanded, the leaf fall period refers to that the blade of investigation plant 5% has started to flavescence and comes off.
2, the Introduced Varieties breediness in Linan City is observed:
In 5 kinds of introduction of plant, Sa meter Tuo fruit single fruit weight is the heaviest, reaches 13.145g, and remaining kind is all left at 10g
The right side, difference is inconspicuous；Fruit index aspect, Brooks is minimum, U.S. the most maximum, shows as subcircular；And fruit stem length, U.S. morning
Longer with Sa meter Tuo, its Sino-U.S. is the longest, and average out to 44.07cm, Brooks is the shortest, fruit stem length only 21.41cm；Fruit product
Matter aspect, the biggest fruits pol is the highest, fruit soluble solids content average out to 16.44, beautiful early relatively low with Sa meter Tuo, but
Fruit soluble solids content is average also more than 11；5 kind single plant yields are the highest with red light, and individual plant volume production amount averagely exists
More than 11kg, U.S. minimum, but single plant yield is also at more than 4kg, and remaining kind is at about 9kg.
3,5 kinds of table are planting experimentally fruit properties and the yield on ground
3, result behavioral observation introduced a fine variety by Prunus avium:
Plantation simultaneously observes the one-tenth flower ability of Introduced Varieties and normal flower rate has obvious difference, wherein Sa meter Tuo,
Brooks becomes flower ability best, and flower amount is big；The biggest fruit flower amount is moderate；Red light becomes flower ability worst.Strain yield Sa meter Tuo, Bu Lu
Ke Si is the highest, and self-flowering fruiting rate is high.Therefore different cultivation steps, Sa meter Tuo, Brooks flower amount are taked in producing
Greatly, invalid flower need to be reduced and improve fruiting rate further；Red light flower amount needs to promote flower at least, improves into colored power.
4, Introduced Varieties is at Linan City's result performance photo as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.
Finally, in addition it is also necessary to be only several specific embodiments of the present invention it is noted that listed above.Obviously, this
Bright it is not limited to above example, it is also possible to have many deformation.Those of ordinary skill in the art can be from present disclosure
The all deformation directly derived or associate, are all considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the cultural method of alpine region Prunus avium, is characterized in that comprising the following steps successively:
One, field selects:
Select the area of height above sea level 700～1100m as cultivation area；
Two, Fruit variety:
Selected sweet cherry variety is the biggest fruit, Sa meter Tuo, Brooks, red light, U.S. morning；Seedling is the above grafting of life in 3 years
Seedling or 2 years following seedlings of life, seedling stock draws dwarfing stock for lucky thiophene；
Three, cultivation management:
1), field planting: before planting, every mu of application of organic fertilizers 2500 ± 100kg, Root growth, the high 0.4 ± 0.05m in ridge, row spacing 1.5
±0.2m；；Mu is planted 56～84 strains；Planting generation is that December is to February next year；Accomplish when planting neat, grafting mouth is neat with ground
Put down, water permeable, fixed doing；
2), pruning:
Tree-like employing evacuates layering shape, shapes trunk high 2.3～2.7m, hat 2.8～3.2m, is divided into three layers；
3), rich water quality management:
Including following three major types fertilization mode:
Autumn basal dressing；
After florescence, fruit expanding period, fruit picking, these periods topdress；
In fruit development, these critical periods of bud differentiation, spray foliage fertilizer；
4), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Divide and carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control following 5 periods:
Rest period；
Bud sprouting period；
The cherry fruit Fructus Persicae big phase；
The fruit maturation phase；
Fruit tree trophophase in summer；
Four, take shelter from rain, sunshade measure:
Before the most just spending, carry out overlay film, remove thin film after fruit picking at the beginning of 6 months, thus realize taking shelter from rain；
Adding a cover sunshade net after fruit picking at annual June until removing sunshade net after the most by the end of September, the sunshade net used is saturating
Light rate is 40%.
The cultural method of alpine region the most according to claim 1 Prunus avium, is characterized in that:
The 2 of described step 3) be:
Treelet cultivates side shoot and fruitful branch, thus it is tree-like to promote to form evacuation layering shape；
Plantation First Year is fixed dry at tree body mobile jib overhead 60cm, stays full bud, later this bud institute pumping branch away from clip 2cm
Select upright person as trunk；Staying 3～5 buds staggered in direction under this bud, remaining bud is erased, after the bud stayed sends out branch,
Form the ground floor of tree body；Second Year staggers 3～5 every the same selected directions of 10cm～15cm in the previous year on stayed trunk
Bud, after sending out branch, forms the second layer of tree body；After trunk continued growth, leave and take 3 buds staggered in direction above, after sending out branch, shape
Cheng Shuti third layer.
The cultural method of alpine region the most according to claim 2 Prunus avium, is characterized in that:
The 2 of described step 3) be:
In order to make the branch of three layers uniformly extend to different directions, taking to draw a fixation, drawing the angle of branch and trunk is 80
～90 degree, along the bearing of trend of branch when drawing；If the bud of proper orientation cannot be left and taken at each layer, or the bud selected is not
Sprout, then should take to carve the measure of bud, before i.e. 0.5cm is in rudiment above selected bud, carve bud, carve the bud degree of depth and to destroy tough
Cortex, arrives xylem, thus promotes that the bud of bottom is sprouted；Sprig on each layer side shoot grows to 10cm～15cm pinching, thus
Promote flower_bud formation.
The cultural method of alpine region the most according to claim 1 Prunus avium, is characterized in that:
The 3 of described step 3) in:
Autumn basal dressing is: autumn basal dressing was carried out after early September, and fertilizer includes fertilizer, and life in the 3 years every strain of above big tree is used
50～70kg；The life every strain of following seedling in 3 years executes 20～30kg；
Topdress for: using compound fertilizer or carbamide, consumption is the every strain of 200-800g/ of every time topdressing, and carries out ditch spread, for ensureing fertilising
Quality, it should water in time after topdressing moistening to soil surface；
Spraying foliage fertilizer is:
To the fruit development period before gathering, these critical periods of bud differentiation every 10 ± 1 days foliage-spray mass concentrations after spending
The Borax+0.3 of the carbamide+0.1% of 0.3%～the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 0.5% or the diluent of precious 800 times of raw power, thus
Fruit-setting rate can be improved, increase yield, improve fruit quality, improve the bud quality.
The cultural method of alpine region the most according to claim 1 Prunus avium, is characterized in that:
The 4 of described step 3) in:
A, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of rest period be:
Clean the residual sick branch of dry branches and fallen leaves and reduce the hibernating base of wintering pest evil；Tree body is whitewashed, and can reduce the generation of freeze injury, simultaneously
Remove the disease pest ovum survived the winter；White-out agent: with quick lime 10 parts, Cosan 1 part, 40 parts of water, fresh soya-bean milk 2 parts, carry out trunk whitewashing；
After having whitewashed, then carry out the lime sulfur of full garden spraying Baume 5 degree, have the orchard that scale insect occurs, available iron brush brush
The shell of broken scale insect, kills overwintering nymphs；
B, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of bud sprouting period be:
The lime sulfur of full garden spraying Baume 5 degree, has the orchard spray 20% of scale insect to kill 3000 times of diluents one of chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate
Secondary；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of C, florescence and leaf stretching period is:
It is now in the period after thanking to flower show leaf, sprays 600 times of diluents of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, can be with raw power
Precious 800 times of diluents are mixed together to be used, and sprays moistening to blade face；
D, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in the first tenday period of a month in May to June be:
Prevention neck Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, scale insect, red spider, big greenery Cicadae, brown spot, shothole disease can be selected for, 4% chlopyrifos 1500 times dilution
Liquid (1000 times of diluents of thiophanate methyl or 500 times of diluents of Thiodiazole-copper) carries out blade face mixing and sprays to blade face to moisten and be
Only；Spray 800 times of liquid of the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches azoles alcohol after rain every time and carry out blade face protection, be sprayed onto blade face moistening till；
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of fruit tree trophophase in summer be:
Now prevent and treat various pest and disease damage, mainly prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as heart-eating worm, shothole disease, brown spot, one can be sprayed every 20 ± 2 days
Secondary medicine；Or according to rainwater how many depending on, rainy will spray medicine diseases prevention when above for three days on end.
The cultural method of alpine region the most according to claim 1 Prunus avium, is characterized in that:
Described step 4 is:
Described rain shelter cultivation is: build steelframe or concrete column steel construction booth, and booth width is 8m, highly 3.5～4m, length
It is as the criterion according to alpine terrain；Before the most just spending, carry out overlay film, after fruit picking at the beginning of 6 months, remove thin film.
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| CN107242097A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-10-13 | 宿州市埇桥区德丰种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of cherry |
| CN107371911A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-11-24 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | A kind of northern greenhouse cherry control humidity and the method for improving photoenvironment |
| CN108781684A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-13 | 烟台华知知识产权服务有限公司 | A method of preventing the conjuncted double fruits of cherry list handle |
| CN108848835A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-23 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of facility cherry whole process nutrient fertilization method |
| CN109328699A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-15 | 云南格桑花卉有限责任公司 | A kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district |
| CN109526432A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | The nursery of coll area at high altitude sweet cherry and garden building method |
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| CN113016454A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-25 | 陕西省生物农业研究所 | Method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruit |
| CN114097522A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-01 | 四川农业大学 | Sweet cherry fertilizer and pesticide reduced application synergistic cultivation method |
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| CN107232006A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-10-10 | 界首市大自然养殖专业合作社 | It is a kind of to solve the low method of car li fruit-setting rate |
| CN107371911A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-11-24 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | A kind of northern greenhouse cherry control humidity and the method for improving photoenvironment |
| CN107242097A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-10-13 | 宿州市埇桥区德丰种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of cherry |
| CN108781684A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-13 | 烟台华知知识产权服务有限公司 | A method of preventing the conjuncted double fruits of cherry list handle |
| CN108848835A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-23 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of facility cherry whole process nutrient fertilization method |
| CN109328699A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-15 | 云南格桑花卉有限责任公司 | A kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district |
| CN109526432A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | The nursery of coll area at high altitude sweet cherry and garden building method |
| CN109526432B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-04-23 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Sweet cherry seedling raising and garden building method in high-altitude cold areas |
| CN110393120A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-01 | 广西大学 | It is a kind of suitable kind in the cherry sapling multiplication breeding method of Guangxi high and cold mountain area |
| CN111512876A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-11 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method suitable for improving fruit setting rate of large cherries in southwest province |
| CN111512876B (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2022-06-07 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method suitable for improving fruit setting rate of large cherries in southwest province |
| CN111567304A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-25 | 苏州御湖园农业科技有限公司 | Method for effectively improving survival rate of blueberry in waterlogged water |
| CN113016454A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-25 | 陕西省生物农业研究所 | Method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruit |
| CN113016454B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2023-09-29 | 陕西省生物农业研究所 | Method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruits |
| CN114097522A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-01 | 四川农业大学 | Sweet cherry fertilizer and pesticide reduced application synergistic cultivation method |
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