CN104756732A - Accurate high-yield high-quality cultivation method for brasenia schreberi - Google Patents
Accurate high-yield high-quality cultivation method for brasenia schreberi Download PDFInfo
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- CN104756732A CN104756732A CN201510185489.9A CN201510185489A CN104756732A CN 104756732 A CN104756732 A CN 104756732A CN 201510185489 A CN201510185489 A CN 201510185489A CN 104756732 A CN104756732 A CN 104756732A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses an accurate high-yield high-quality cultivation method for brasenia schreberi. The method comprises the steps of building a controllable water irrigation and drainage system, scientifically utilizing fertilizer, optimizing seed stems, arranging surrounding furrows and box furrows, cultivating box surfaces, carrying out rational close planting and shallow water green returning, promoting aerial stem splitting in shallow recycled water, fertilizing bud leaves in deep water, regulating and controlling the leaf area index, mowing moss in summer and carrying out harvesting in autumn and winter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of accurate high yield and quality cultivation method of water shield.
Background technology
1 water shield belongs to nymphaeaceae plant, is time-honored rare aquatic vegetable.[Book of Songs] Lu Songyou " think happy Pan Shui, thin adopt its cogongrass "; Water shield is the ancient plant far away of cultivation history, [Qimin yaoshu] cloud " the pure and easily life of water shield, plants with shallow dark in waiting, and the depth of water then stem is fertile and leaf is few, and the shallow then leaf of water is many and stem is thin "; Water shield is also a kind of genuine traditional Chinese medicine, and another name water chestnut connects, " thick stomach separates hundred poison ".
2 because of water shield growth be extremely can be harsh to environmental requirement, " should be clean, not resistant, excrement dirty enter pond, then dead " [Qimin yaoshu].Although therefore supply falls short of demand in domestic and international market, but planting scale does not increase, production capacity does not increase, the region being not only suitable the suitableeest plantation is in other words very limited, and because of since [Qimin yaoshu], in other words except [Qimin yaoshu], water shield culture technique up to now, does not have the culture technique of the acquisition water shield high yield and high quality that can quantize.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of accurate high yield and quality cultivation method of water shield.
It is as follows that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above taked technical scheme:
A kind of accurate high yield and quality cultivation method of water shield, comprising: controlled filling isostere system establishment step; Scientific utilization of fertilizer step; Preferred kind of stem step; Ditch, railway carriage or compartment ditch and cultivation face, railway carriage or compartment step are enclosed in setting; Rational close planting, shallow water are turned green, shallow middle water promotes terrestrial stem division, deep water fosters and apply fertilizer bud-leaf step; Regulation and control leaf area index, summer tongue cut, autumn and winter harvesting steps, wherein, controlled filling isostere system establishment step, specifically comprises:
1.1.1 water shield base scale is determined with water source water supply capacity, wherein, calculate with 1000 mu of water shield production base scales, meet water shield field and irrigate most profundal zone 70cm, irrigating once maximum water consumption is 466.690 cubic metres, be set as 48 hours as irrigated a time, water supply source must ensure that low water discharge is greater than 1.8 cubes of meter per seconds;
1.1.2 fill with, drainage ditch arrange, the row's of filling canal by height fill with low row, bright filling secretly the mode of arranging arrange, set up the region in water shield base in plan, feed ditch, drainage ditch be equidistantly set by 50,0m is wide.Feed ditch is higher than water shield pond dike bank 15-20cm, and select U-shaped pipe of cement to set up, every 40m establishes a lateral canal, lateral canal volume 3-5 cubic meter, and lateral canal place opening design water filling port; Draining adopts embedded underground drainage pipeline, and drainage pipeline horizontal plane higher than water shield pond ground level 4-5cm, and during construction, first buries pipe of cement as drainage ditch, then sets up canal of pouring water, and with Economization on land, and water filling port is designed to covering of the fan, reduces the damage to water shield when pouring water; Discharge outlet arranges elevation (over-and-under) type gate valve, it is 5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 70cm that gate valve requires water level management scope, design, drainage ditch (every block water shield field is according to 40m*50m) with the fastest drainage discharge according to only keeping water shield water in field layer 5cm, draining design in 1300 cubic metres/24 hours, every block water shield field drainpipe minimum diameter is not less than 200cm;
1.1.3 irrigation drainage channel construction procedure, wherein, the row's of filling canal takes up an area beam overall 150cm, and broken groove secretly buries drainpipe, drainpipe pipe of cement diameter 400-500cm; And drainpipe buries fixed and the compacting of rear earthing is in charge of in the field draining of linkage unit water shield, repave after building the thick block stone of 30cm and water the thick mixed earth of 15cm, mixed earth solidifies rear erection feed ditch, pour water the opposing two pieces of water shield fields of canal and drainage ditch position share, the layout that should misplace is in charge of in pour water branch canal and draining, wherein, canal gradient of pouring water is designed to 3-5 ‰, and drainage ditch gradient is designed to 5-10 ‰.
Further, preferred method is, scientific utilization of fertilizer step, specifically comprises:
1.2.1 improve water shield output, quality and alleviate disease, the strict inorganic fertilizer that controls uses, and fertilizer strictly must become thoroughly decomposed and reach innoxious;
Wherein, 1.2.2 fertilizer making step, comprise: every 1800-2000kg cattle and sheep barnyard manure or colza cake add that the fermentation of 4000-5000mlEM bacterium stoste is made, concrete grammar: 4000-5000mlEM bacterium stoste adds 1000-1500ml white wine and adds 1-1.5kg brown sugar again and fully stir evenly after adding the dilution of 10-12 times of water, good oxygen condition bottom fermentation makes EM mother bacterial liquid in 5-7 days, until there is distiller's yeast fragrance, pile mixing rear code thoroughly with EM mother bacterial liquid after cattle and sheep excrement barnyard manure or colza cake drying and crushing, with plastic mulching anaerobic fermentation 10-15 days, mulch film is thrown off until have when comparatively heavy wine fragrance overflows, let alone at good oxygen condition bottom fermentation 40-45 days, the fertilizer odorless made, Powdered, and fertilizer Production Time is the beginning in first 70 days of plan fertilization time.
Further, preferred method is, preferably plants stem step, specifically comprises:
1.3.1 set up kind of a stem garden, wherein plant the water shield that safflower strain is selected in stem garden, kind stem garden is built pond and is adopted wide 6m, long 30-40m specification, preset frame, and winter, overlay film was survived the winter;
1.3.2 plant stem garden and adopt large fertile thin planting management, plantation density is 50*50cm.Base fertilizer is fermentating rapeseed cake 400-500kg, ash 200-250kg, and water layer management remains between 30-50cm;
1.3.3 plant stem standard: diameter stem 0.5-0.8cm, the long 8-15cm of internode, color is dark green, and anosis worm, without rust staining, wound on stem;
1.3.4 plant stem and adopt stem, comprising: draining is to 15-20cm, and edge creeping underground stem joint is sprouted terrestrial stem place and cut terrestrial stem, and every three joints are a strain, and two ends, top and the bottom joint is unexpected retains stem 1-1.5cm, and clip lower end straight snips, upper end is tiltedly cut.
Further, preferred method is, arranges and encloses ditch, railway carriage or compartment ditch and cultivation face, railway carriage or compartment step, comprising:
1.4.1 enclose ditch, railway carriage or compartment ditch is arranged, after stem deep ploughing in newly-built water shield pond is smooth, before covering water, that first opens the dark 25cm of wide 30cm with Sichuan cuisine pond surrounding encloses ditch; Railway carriage or compartment is played again, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 25cm, dark 20cm by 225cm; Railway carriage or compartment ditch is with to enclose ditch through; By face, cultivation railway carriage or compartment that is floating for face, railway carriage or compartment and formation width 200cm;
Wherein, enclose ditch and railway carriage or compartment trench depth need be more than or equal to 20cm, the scope of the depth capacity 15cm that root stretches of crawling lower than water shield underground; It two is enclose after ditch railway carriage or compartment ditch is held successfully to answer airing 3-5 days.
Further, preferred method is, rational close planting, shallow water are turned green, shallow middle water promotes terrestrial stem division, deep water fosters and apply fertilizer bud-leaf step, comprising:
1.5.1 rational close planting, fertile plot seeding row spacing is 55*60cm, every railway carriage or compartment 4 row, and thin and weak plot seeding row spacing is 45cm*50cm, every railway carriage or compartment 5 row, mu field planting 2000-2900 strain;
1.5.2 the short step of turning green of shallow water, water shield late March is transplanted, and water depth controls as 5-6cm, management adopts shallow water management, chase after simultaneously early and carry seed manure, when having the full exhibition of the water shield first young leaves of 60-75% in field, mu spreads fertilizer over the fields fermentation maturity coarse colza meal 80-100kg;
1.5.2.1 the sick worm of attention control and weeds, this phase Major Pests is the chrysomelid and lamnaeid of food root, and the chrysomelid coarse colza meal control efficiency of topdressing of food root is fine; Lamnaeid happiness be collected at water shield pond periphery and pour water, near drainage ditch, when water shield pond water layer is lower than 5cm, substantially concentrate in management channels, the dimethoate emulsion with 40% or 50% sprays to concentrate and puts out, concentration: 75g/1000g; Weeds are moss mainly, sprays with times amount formula bordeaux mixture or direct copper sulphate;
1.5.3 shallow middle water promotes terrestrial stem division, main at the beginning of-5 months mid-Aprils, wherein, the pure dish 8-10 of new cultivation days above and below ground stem, terrestrial stem start to extend, after 12-15 days, terrestrial stem starts division, terrestrial stem division first grows new root from the kind stem internode of field planting, then new terrestrial stem is sprouted from growing new root, have after the new terrestrial stem sprouted sends new root and sprout new terrestrial stem, by that analogy, after terrestrial stem is elongated to certain length, when water layer 30-40cm, terrestrial stem also forms branch, equally, plucks and also stimulates branch to be formed;
1.5.3.1 water layer management, this phase waterlayer control, between 15-35cm, extends with terrestrial stem and progressively floods;
1.5.3.2 enrich branch fertilizer, execute when water shield terrestrial stem young sprout is elongated to 10-15cm and promote that branch is fertile, total fertilization amount is: the cake fertilizer 150-200kg of fermentation maturity, phosphorus ammonium 15-20kg, ash 100-150kg; Fertilizing method is: spread fertilizer over the fields when selecting fine day first water shield Chi Shui to be drained into about 10cm, and fertilizer and earth stir evenly by Shi Houyong comb rake, hydrostatic management 20-24 hour, do not arrange and do not fill with, then pour water to 20cm, wherein, as period meets rainfall, not draining after fertilising, rain to stop after 2 days draining to needs water depth.
Further, preferred method is, regulation and control leaf area index, summer tongue cut, autumn and winter harvesting steps, comprising:
1.6.1 leaf area index regulation and control step, controls between leaf area index 85-90%;
1.6.1.1 leaf area index regulation measure: enter the picking period, as there are some blank waters surface without water shield Leaf positional distribution in water shield field, should take " choosing is adopted " mode to pluck, and it is rare to adopt dense stocking; As the phenomenon that blade is overlapping crowded appears in water shield field leaf area, then adopt and dredge leaf measure, slice off a part of blade; Dredging leaf method is cut off together with petiole;
1.6.2 more summer, tongue was cut, at the beginning of 7-8 months the end of month;
Summer, tongue cut method, after draining to 40-50cm, by water shield terrestrial stem children tender section, with nail can nip off into degree, after leaf belt stem is all cut off, tongue spray immediately after cutting carbendazim after 12 hours rehydration to 70-80cm;
1.6.3 keep water shield field equivalent to fill with row, make water body keep flow regime;
1.6.4 tongue cuts intensity is that water surface water shield leaf area index remains between 55-60%;
1.7 the water shield autumn and winter results, after agriculture makes White Dew-Frost's Descent before;
1.7.2 autumn and winter water shield harvesting method: water shield water in field is drained into 40cm, after water shield top is neatly cut off by the neat water surface, consumption spraying carbendazim routinely, after 72 hours, rehydration is to 70cm for spray medicine, and the water shield of results is all transported back and is used as to extract polysaccharide, process rich zinc food, Zinc-rich fodder;
1.7.3 early execute fertilizer of surviving the winter, fertilizer of surviving the winter must use in early October, and fertile consumption of surviving the winter is that the every mu of dish cake fertilizer 200-250kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed adds ash 100-150kg or potassium sulfate 10-15kg.
After this invention takes such scheme, its effect is better.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, partly become apparent from specification, or understand by implementing the present invention.Object of the present invention and other advantages realize by method specifically noted in write specification, claims, step and obtain.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the present invention in detail below with reference to embodiment, to the present invention, how application technology means solve technical problem whereby, and the implementation procedure reaching technique effect can fully understand and implement according to this.It should be noted that, only otherwise form conflict, each embodiment in the present invention and each feature in each embodiment can be combined with each other, and the technical scheme formed is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Wherein, basic fundamental route of the present invention:
Comprise: controlled filling isostere system establishment step; Scientific utilization of fertilizer step; Preferred kind of stem step; Ditch, railway carriage or compartment ditch and cultivation face, railway carriage or compartment step are enclosed in setting; Rational close planting, shallow water are turned green, shallow middle water promotes terrestrial stem division, deep water fosters and apply fertilizer bud-leaf step; Regulation and control leaf area index, summer tongue cut, autumn and winter harvesting steps, wherein, controlled filling isostere system establishment step, specifically comprises:
1.1.1 water shield base scale is determined with water source water supply capacity, wherein, calculate with 1000 mu of water shield production base scales, meet water shield field and irrigate most profundal zone 70cm, irrigating once maximum water consumption is 466.690 cubic metres, be set as 48 hours as irrigated a time, water supply source must ensure that low water discharge is greater than 1.8 cubes of meter per seconds;
1.1.2 fill with, drainage ditch arrange, the row's of filling canal by height fill with low row, bright filling secretly the mode of arranging arrange, set up the region in water shield base in plan, feed ditch, drainage ditch be equidistantly set by 50,0m is wide.Feed ditch is higher than water shield pond dike bank 15-20cm, and select U-shaped pipe of cement to set up, every 40m establishes a lateral canal, and lateral canal volume is greater than 3-5 cubic meter, and lateral canal place opening design water filling port; Draining adopts embedded underground drainage pipeline, and drainage pipeline horizontal plane higher than water shield pond ground level 5-8cm, and during construction, first buries pipe of cement as drainage ditch, then sets up canal of pouring water, and with Economization on land, and water filling port is designed to covering of the fan, reduces the damage to water shield when pouring water; Discharge outlet arranges elevation (over-and-under) type gate valve, it is 5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 70cm that gate valve requires water level management scope, design, drainage ditch with the fastest drainage discharge of every block water shield field (40m*50m) according to only keeping water shield pond water layer 5cm, draining design in 1300 cubic metres/24 hours, every unit water shield field drainpipe minimum diameter is not less than 200cm;
1.1.3 irrigation drainage channel construction procedure, wherein, the row's of filling canal takes up an area beam overall 150cm, and broken groove secretly buries drainpipe, drainpipe pipe of cement diameter 400-500cm; And drainpipe buries fixed and the compacting of rear earthing is in charge of in the field draining of linkage unit water shield, repave after building the thick block stone of 30cm and water the thick mixed earth of 15cm, mixed earth solidifies rear erection feed ditch, pour water the opposing two pieces of water shield fields of canal and drainage ditch position share, the layout that should misplace is in charge of in pour water branch canal and draining, wherein, canal gradient of pouring water is designed to 3-5 ‰, and drainage ditch gradient is designed to 5-10 ‰.
Further, preferred method is, scientific utilization of fertilizer step, specifically comprises:
1.2.1 improve water shield output, quality and alleviate disease, the strict inorganic fertilizer that controls uses, and fertilizer strictly must become thoroughly decomposed and reach innoxious;
Wherein, 1.2.2 fertilizer making step, comprise: every 1800-2000kg cattle and sheep barnyard manure or colza cake add that the fermentation of 4000-5000mlEM bacterium stoste is made, concrete grammar: 4000-5000mlEM bacterium stoste adds 1000-1500ml white wine and adds 1-1.5kg brown sugar again and fully stir evenly after adding the dilution of 10-12 times of water, good oxygen condition bottom fermentation makes EM mother bacterial liquid in 5-7 days, until there is distiller's yeast fragrance, pile mixing rear code thoroughly with EM mother bacterial liquid after cattle and sheep excrement barnyard manure or colza cake drying and crushing, with plastic mulching anaerobic fermentation 10-15 days, mulch film is thrown off until have when comparatively heavy wine fragrance overflows, let alone at good oxygen condition bottom fermentation 40-45 days, the fertilizer odorless made, Powdered, and fertilizer Production Time is the beginning in first 70 days of plan fertilization time.
Further, preferred method is, preferably plants stem step, specifically comprises:
1.3.1 set up kind of a stem garden, wherein plant the water shield that safflower strain is selected in stem garden, kind stem garden is built pond and is adopted wide 6m, long 30-40m specification, preset frame, and winter, overlay film was survived the winter;
1.3.2 plant stem garden and adopt large fertile thin planting management, plantation density is 50*50cm.Base fertilizer is fermentating rapeseed cake 400-500kg, ash 200-250kg, and water layer management remains between 30-50cm;
1.3.3 plant stem standard: diameter stem 0.5-0.8cm, the long 8-15cm of internode, color is dark green, and anosis worm, without rust staining, wound on stem;
1.3.4 plant stem and adopt stem, comprising: draining is to 15-20cm, and edge creeping underground stem joint is sprouted terrestrial stem place and cut terrestrial stem, and every three joints are a strain, and two ends, top and the bottom joint is unexpected retains stem 1-1.5cm, and clip lower end straight snips, upper end is tiltedly cut.
Further, preferred method is, arranges and encloses ditch, railway carriage or compartment ditch and cultivation face, railway carriage or compartment step, comprising:
1.4.1 enclose ditch, railway carriage or compartment ditch is arranged, after stem deep ploughing in newly-built water shield pond is smooth, before covering water, that first opens the dark 25cm of wide 30cm with Sichuan cuisine pond surrounding encloses ditch; Railway carriage or compartment is played again, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 25cm, dark 20cm by 225cm; Railway carriage or compartment ditch is with to enclose ditch through; By face, cultivation railway carriage or compartment that is floating for face, railway carriage or compartment and formation width 200cm;
Wherein, enclose ditch and railway carriage or compartment trench depth need be more than or equal to 20cm, the scope of the depth capacity 15cm that root stretches of crawling lower than water shield underground; It two is enclose after ditch railway carriage or compartment ditch is held successfully to answer airing 3-5 days.
Further, preferred method is, rational close planting, shallow water are turned green, shallow middle water promotes terrestrial stem division, deep water fosters and apply fertilizer bud-leaf step, comprising:
1.5.1 rational close planting, fertile plot seeding row spacing is 55*60cm, every railway carriage or compartment 4 row, and thin and weak plot seeding row spacing is 45cm*50cm, every railway carriage or compartment 5 row, mu field planting 2000-2900 strain;
1.5.2 the short step of turning green of shallow water, water shield late March is transplanted, and water depth controls as 5-6cm, management adopts shallow water management, chase after simultaneously early and carry seed manure, when having the full exhibition of the water shield first young leaves of 60-75% in field, mu spreads fertilizer over the fields fermentation maturity coarse colza meal 80-100kg;
1.5.2.1 the sick worm of attention control and weeds, this phase Major Pests is the chrysomelid and lamnaeid of food root, and the chrysomelid coarse colza meal control efficiency of topdressing of food root is fine; Lamnaeid happiness be collected at water shield pond periphery and pour water, near drainage ditch, when water shield pond water layer is lower than 5cm, substantially concentrate in management channels, the dimethoate emulsion with 40% or 50% sprays to concentrate and puts out, concentration: 75g/1000g; Weeds are moss mainly, sprays with times amount formula bordeaux mixture or direct copper sulphate;
1.5.3 shallow middle water promotes terrestrial stem division, main at the beginning of-5 months mid-Aprils, wherein, the pure dish 8-10 of new cultivation days above and below ground stem, terrestrial stem start to extend, after 12-15 days, terrestrial stem starts division, terrestrial stem division first grows new root from the kind stem internode of field planting, then new terrestrial stem is sprouted from growing new root, have after the new terrestrial stem sprouted sends new root and sprout new terrestrial stem, by that analogy, after terrestrial stem is elongated to certain length, when water layer 30-40cm, terrestrial stem also forms branch, equally, plucks and also stimulates branch to be formed;
1.5.3.1 water layer management, this phase waterlayer control, between 15-35cm, extends with terrestrial stem and progressively floods;
1.5.3.2 enrich branch fertilizer, execute when water shield terrestrial stem young sprout is elongated to 10-15cm and promote that branch is fertile, total fertilization amount is: the cake fertilizer 150-200kg of fermentation maturity, phosphorus ammonium 15-20kg, ash 100-150kg; Fertilizing method is: spread fertilizer over the fields when selecting fine day first water shield Chi Shui to be drained into about 10cm, and fertilizer and earth stir evenly by Shi Houyong comb rake, hydrostatic management 20-24 hour, do not arrange and do not fill with, then pour water to 20cm, wherein, as period meets rainfall, not draining after fertilising, rain to stop after 2 days draining to needs water depth.
Further, preferred method is, regulation and control leaf area index, summer tongue cut, autumn and winter harvesting steps, comprising:
1.6.1 leaf area index regulation and control step, controls between leaf area index 85-90%;
1.6.1.1 leaf area index regulation measure: enter the picking period, as there are some blank waters surface without water shield Leaf positional distribution in water shield field, should take " choosing is adopted " mode to pluck, and it is rare to adopt dense stocking; As the phenomenon that blade is overlapping crowded appears in water shield field leaf area, then adopt and dredge leaf measure, slice off a part of blade; Dredging leaf method is cut off together with petiole;
1.6.2 more summer, tongue was cut, at the beginning of 7-8 months the end of month;
Summer, tongue cut method, after draining to 40-50cm, by water shield terrestrial stem children tender section, with nail can nip off into degree, after leaf belt stem is all cut off, tongue spray immediately after cutting carbendazim after 12 hours rehydration to 70-80cm;
1.6.3 keep water shield field equivalent to fill with row, make water body keep flow regime;
1.6.4 tongue cuts intensity is that water surface water shield leaf area index remains between 55-60%;
1.7 the water shield autumn and winter results, after agriculture makes White Dew-Frost's Descent before;
1.7.2 autumn and winter water shield harvesting method: water shield water in field is drained into 40cm, after water shield top is neatly cut off by the neat water surface, consumption spraying carbendazim routinely, after 72 hours, rehydration is to 70cm for spray medicine, and the water shield of results is all transported back and is used as to extract polysaccharide, process rich zinc food, Zinc-rich fodder;
1.7.3 early execute fertilizer of surviving the winter, fertilizer of surviving the winter must use in early October, and fertile consumption of surviving the winter is that the every mu of dish cake fertilizer 200-250kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed adds ash 100-150kg or potassium sulfate 10-15kg.
After this invention takes such scheme, its effect is better.
Wherein, ancillary technique route 1 fertilizer special for organic preparation:
EM bacterium dilution preparation-cattle and sheep barnyard manure or colza cake drying and crushing-mixing-anaerobic fermentation-aerobic fermentation-finished product.
Wherein, in more detail, it comprises the following steps:
1 controlled filling row System Construction.During the depth of water 70cm of water shield pond, water shield leaf is few, and bud head is stout and strong, and pectin enriches; The depth of water is quick lower than branch during 15cm, and leaf growth is vigorous, but bud head is tiny, and pectin is thin; As the row of filling does not freely form stagnant water, then dead in flakes when causing water shield susceptible, serious.Plantation water shield, the unimpeded impact water shield seed output and quality of the water layer depth and the row of filling is vital.Current water shield cultivation or lakeside cultivation, cannot regulate the water layer depth; Or manually build pond contiguous plant, take the unrestrained row of flood irrigation, be also the water level being difficult to control water shield pond more.This technical essential is that foundation can according to cultivation management needs, the irrigation and drainage system with functions of quick adjustment water level.
1.1 determine base scale with effective water source.Lichuan belongs to high mountain hills landforms, plantation water shield, is first to select close water source clean, sufficient and " punching " of the river of stability of flow, small stream ditch, and pond built by " gulf " " ditch ", " dam ".Custom plantation do not consider base scale should with source of irrigation water flows match.In fact, as built 1000 Mu Water-shield dish bases, design once maximum irrigation quantity (during water layer 70cm) is 46.7 ten thousand sides, as the shortest irrigation period words of 72 hours, base water supply source must ensure that low water discharge is greater than 1.8 cubes of meter per seconds (because Lichuan water shield land used mostly is Quaternary Clay, air humidity year flat about 80%, thus consider leak factor and transpiration coefficient negligible).
1.2 by height fill with low row, bright filling secretly the mode of arranging arrange fill with row canal.
Set up the region in water shield base in plan, feed ditch, drainage ditch are equidistantly set by 50,0m is wide.Feed ditch is higher than water shield pond dike bank 15-20cm, and select U-shaped pipe of cement to set up, every 40m establishes a lateral canal, and lateral canal volume is greater than 5 cubic metres; Raft hydromining solves with burying drainage pipeline underground, and drainage pipeline horizontal plane is higher than water shield pond ground level 4-5cm.During construction, first bury drainage ditch (pipe of cement), then set up canal of pouring water, with Economization on land.Water filling port is designed to covering of the fan, reduces the damage to water shield when pouring water; Discharge outlet arranges elevation (over-and-under) type gate valve, and gate valve requires that to water level management scope be 5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 70cm (then will address effect).Pour water canal according to water shield pool area, with every mu of maximum irrigation water capacity (during water irrigating depth 70cm, 470 cubic metres/72 hours) design, drainage ditch is with every mu of drainage discharge the fastest (only keeping water shield pond water layer 5cm, draining 440 cubic metres/12-14 hour) design.
1.3 according to specific time and site build pond.Although Lichuan is high mountain Plain on the whole, landforms still belong to high mountain hills, and between plot, level height difference is comparatively large, as excessive in unit water shield pool area, and the row of filling and water and fertilizer management inconvenience, too small capital expenditure is excessive.Generally more modest with each water shield pool area 2000 square metres in Lichuan.Water shield pond measured lengths is 50m (being convenient to irrigation drainage channel arrange), and width should be determined according to the terrain.
1.4 preset management channels.Method to set up is: first open the dark 25cm of wide 30cm in water shield field surrounding and enclose ditch, then press the railway carriage or compartment ditch of the dark 20cm of the spaced wide 25cm of 225cm, and railway carriage or compartment ditch is vertical with discharge outlet and with to enclose ditch through.The effect of management channels is: one is be conducive to precisely controlling water shield water in field position, and two is be conducive to concentrating catching and killing cone real spiral shell, ramshorn, and three is be conducive to concentrating putting out moss and duckweed, and four is avoid topdressing, step on when plucking and hinder water shield subterranean stem.
2 become more meticulous cultivation management.
2.1 science are selected to build the pond time: Lichuan for many years climatic rhythm is: early and middle ten days continuous sunny in October (peasant claims " little spring ") throughout the year.Before pond is built in water shield base, stubble is generally paddy rice, and the region that water shield pond is set up in plan, in paddy rice latter stage of ripening (September 20-No. 25), is opened ditch emptying paddy field water either, early October is promptly gathered in the crops, builds pond and whole.
2.1.1 rice straw hay cutter chopping (3-5cm) is evenly spread on Tanaka.
2.1.2 peace is buried discharge culvert and erection and to be poured water open channel.Irrigation drainage channel takes up an area beam overall 150cm, and drainage ditch breaks groove and secretly buries and the thick block stone of 30cm is paved in the compacting of rear earthing water the thick concrete of 15cm again, solidifies rear erection feed ditch.Opposing two pieces of water shield ponds of canal and drainage ditch position of pouring water share, and pour water canal U-shaped pipe radius and drainpipe diameter Gen Ju Water-shield dish area of base are determined, pour water canal gradient 3-5 ‰, drainage ditch gradient 5-10 ‰.
2.1.3 prevent weeds propagation and widespread and eliminate sick worm overwintering host, water shield Chi Dikan presses wide 80-90cm, upper wide 60-70cm, high 80-90cm building.After dike bank is built, whitewash dike wall (thickness 2-2.5cm) and the fill face of watering (8-10cm) with company's sand of label 50.Like this except Bao Dikan is stable, priorly avoid weeds propagation and widespread, also remove disease overwintering host simultaneously.
2.1.4 use sufficient base fertilizer and light irrigation in conjunction with winter ploughing to survive the winter water.
2.1.5 base fertilizer consumption is every mu of decomposed manure 200-250kg.
2.1.6 fertilizer makes.Every 1800-2000kg cattle and sheep barnyard manure+4000mlEM bacterium fermentation is made.Fermentation process: EM bacterium adds 1000-1500ml white wine and adds 1-1.5kg brown sugar again and fully stir evenly after adding the dilution of 10-12 times of water, good oxygen condition bottom fermentation makes EM mother bacterial liquid (having distiller's yeast fragrance to overflow) for 5-7 days, pile mixing rear code thoroughly with EM mother bacterial liquid after cattle and sheep excrement barnyard manure or colza cake drying and crushing, mulch film is thrown off with time plastic mulching anaerobic fermentation 10-15 days (having comparatively heavy wine fragrance to overflow), let alone good oxygen condition bottom fermentation (40-45 days), the fertilizer odorless made, Powdered.Fertilizer Production Time is the beginning in first 70 days of plan fertilization time.
2.1.7 fertilising.Fertilizer+200-250kg the ash made is mixed thoroughly and evenly to spread fertilizer over the fields afterwards.
2.1.8 to deep plough soil.Rear turning in time (25-30cm) and timely rake fine earth ground used by base fertilizer, allows base fertilizer fully be combined with grogs.
The water 2.1.9 light irrigation is survived the winter.Ploughing soil is after 7 days, and to water shield basin irrigation water 15-20cm (when every mu of dry paddy soil water suction reaches capacity, soil water sorption amount is 70-75 cubic meter), water shield pond keeps water layer 5-7cm.It is specifically intended that: water shield pond of surviving the winter is not if retained water layer, then easily formation " slurry bar soil ", affects water shield transplanting and water shield turns green and grows; Water layer is excessively dark, causes nutrient loss and affects potential soil nutrient oxidation.
2.2 transplant in good time.Water shield can be transplanted except during winter icepro, but plants best with autumn cultivation, spring.Autumn plant time Lichuan be mid-October-last ten-days period, the spring plant time Lichuan be late March-early April.Cultural technique is:
2.2.1 healthy and strong kind stem is selected from seedling field.Seedling standard: more than diameter stem 0.5cm, color and luster dark green or purplish, strong elegant anosis, pityriasis simplex point.
2.2.2 seedling clip method: seedling selects terrestrial stem, more than the first segment of ground, (when collecting seedling kind stem must retain more than one save position) is counted, and every three joints (more than diameter 0.8cm) or four joints (diameter 0.5-0.8cm) are a strain.Often save knot position, two ends and retain stem 1-1.5cm, section is tiltedly cut.The sturdy sleeping bud portion that terrestrial stem upper end stipes obviously shortens can transplant separately, but should not do to transplant seedling.
2.2.3 transplanting method: seeding row spacing is determined according to soil fertility, fertile plot seeding row spacing is 50-60cm, and thin and weak plot seeding row spacing is 45-50cm (mu field planting 2000-2900 strain).During transplanting, every 225cm opens a management channels (railway carriage or compartment ditch, the dark 20cm of wide 20cm), forms the cultivation face of width 200cm, and its railway carriage or compartment trench depth is greater than water shield subterranean stem and stretches the degree of depth.Transplant and adopt horizontal cultivating method, two ends joint is exposed to earth, and mid portion presses 1-1.5cm under mud, plants well earth is floating.
2.3 precision management.Water shield cultivation management divides water layer management, fertile training management, prunes management, diseases and pests controlling, rationally selects 5 aspects.The growth of new cultivation water shield is divided into period of seedling establishment, promotes terrestrial stem branching stage, and leaf bud is fostered and apply fertilizer phase, picking period and Wintering Period.Different times field management innovative technology main points are:
2.3.1 shallow water is turned green (3 the end of month-early April).Water shield is planted 2-3 days fibrous roots and sprouts, and within 3-4 days, internode sprouting sprouts.
Turn green 2.3.1.1 shallow water is short.Water depth controls as 5-6cm, and transplanting time temperature, low temperature are lower, and the favourable sun warm sludge soil of shallow water improves low temperature, promotes subterranean stem to extend and fibrous root growth.
2.3.1.2 early chase after and carry seed manure.When having the full exhibition of the water shield first young leaves of 60-75% in field, mu spreads fertilizer over the fields fermentation maturity coarse colza meal 80-100kg (the same base fertilizer of preparation method)+urea 10-15kg.
2.3.1.3 weed a garden in time, weed a garden and pluck passage to utilize only, do not trample cultivation face, railway carriage or compartment, the weeds of removing must be taken field out of and be concentrated retting compost.
2.3.1.4 the chrysomelid and lamnaeid of control food root, the chrysomelid coarse colza meal control efficiency of topdressing of food root is fine, lamnaeid happiness is collected at water shield pond periphery and pours water, near drainage ditch, when water shield pond water layer is lower than 5cm, substantially concentrate in management channels, spray (concentration: 75g/1000g) with the dimethoate emulsion of 40% or 50%.
2.3.2 shallow-middle water promotes that terrestrial stem branch splits (mid-April-late April).8-10 days above and below ground stems, terrestrial stem start to extend in new cultivation pure cultivation, after 12-15 days, terrestrial stem starts division, terrestrial stem division sprouts new terrestrial stem from growing new root from the kind stem teething of field planting grows new root, have after the new terrestrial stem sprouted sends new root and sprout new terrestrial stem, by that analogy.After terrestrial stem is elongated to certain length, when water layer is suitable for, terrestrial stem also forms branch, plucks and more easily stimulates branch to be formed.
Per unit area yield=mono-twig leaf of water shield weighs the long-pending of the total bud-leaf number of * (point number), so promote that branch formation is the basis of acquisition high yield.Every kg water shield fresh vegetable bud-leaf number is (bud one leaf, leaf roll tubular is not opened up) 500-520, and when per mu yield reaches 1000kg, needing the stem eye head number of gathering minimum is 500,000.Except number of times is plucked in increase, ensure that basic branch amount is the basis obtaining water shield high yield.
2.3.2.1 water layer management.Water shield pond water depth control range is 15-35cm (extending with terrestrial stem progressively increases deeply), and water layer excessively shallow (being less than 10cm) terrestrial stem sprawl growth, suppresses branch; Water layer is higher than 40cm, and bud-leaf is grown fat, and branch slows down.
2.3.2.2 enrich branch fertilizer.Use when water shield young sprout is elongated to 10-15cm and promote that branch is fertile, total fertilization amount is: cake fertilizer (the same base fertilizer of the preparation method) 150-200kg of fermentation maturity, phosphorus ammonium 15-20kg, ash 100-150kg; Fertilizing method is: spread fertilizer over the fields when selecting fine day first water shield Chi Shui to be drained into about 10cm, fertilizer and earth stir evenly by Shi Houyong comb rake, not hydrostatic management 20-24 hour (do not arrange and do not fill with), pour water again to 20cm (as period meets rainfall, not draining after fertilising, rain to stop after 2 days draining to needs water depth).
2.3.2.3 disease, worm, crop smothering management.Water shield Major Diseases is leaf rot, as long as keep water body to be in flow regime, disease slightly can not be prevented and treated substantially; As found, chrysomelid use 48% Le Siben missible oil 800-1000 is sprayed by liquid, seriously executes once after 7 days again.As there is moss, the spraying of duckweed equivalent formula bordeaux mixture.Weeds with manually pulling out, can only be taken field out of and concentrating retting compost.
2.3.3 deep water bud-leaf fosters and apply fertilizer (Lichuan May the first tenday period of a month the-the middle ten days).This period management main points control sexual growth, keeps nourishing and growing busy trend.
2.3.3.1 water layer management, when the average 8-10 of water shield terrestrial stem each simple bud terrestrial stem compound stem, (after water shield transplanting, each joint can grow a terrestrial stem, every strain forms 3-4 terrestrial stem at first), individual plant terrestrial stem splits stem (containing branch) 30-35, when the flat terrestrial stem number of water shield mu reaches 60000-80000, deepen 5cm by every 2 days water layers, about reach 60-70cm through 12 angel water shield pond water layers, after this keep equivalent to fill with row, make water shield pond water body flow state.
2.3.3.2 fertile training management, the emphasis of fertile training management is restraining genital growth, promotes to nourish and grow.Fine day afternoon is selected in fertilising, apply fertilizer after in advance water layer being drained into 15cm, fertilising kind and fertilizing amount are: the dish cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed (the same base fertilizer of preparation method) 150-200kg+ urea 25-30kg spreads fertilizer over the fields after mixing, water layer is kept to cover water to 60-70cm after 10-15cm48 hour, if ill worm is in conjunction with fertilizing treatment after fertilising.
2.3.4 science plucks (5 the end of month-mid-July).Roughly the same, output says it is come by extraction in a sense for water shield output and tea yield.The terrestrial stem top of the bud-leaf length that water shield eats 5-10cm below the water surface, then emerges during Ye Quanzhan.The certain leaf area of the water surface is the prerequisite of pure dish high yield and high quality.
2.3.4.1 leaf area index controls.Test shows: affect the stout and strong of the water surface following bud head when leaf area index is greater than 100%, leaf area index affects output lower than 85%, and between the water shield picking period, to control output between 85-90% the highest for leaf area index.Raise water shield with temperature after mid-July and enter vigorous period, except frequency is plucked in increase, artificial method of dredging leaf be adopted to regulate leaf area index.
2.3.4.1 pluck, new water shield leaf area index of planting reaches 85% is then start to pluck in good time.Within during temperature 20-25 degree every 7 days, pluck once, within when temperature 25-30 spends every 5 days, pluck once.
2.3.4.2 science is plucked.Harvesting is obtain the process that water shield eats part, and be also the technological means promoting water shield terrestrial stem branch and Controlling the procreation growth, its key is the control of picked technology simultaneously.One is standard, best standard of plucking be the leaf of water shield terrestrial stem top to grow complete but not to be launched into rhombus drum, pluck when leaf and bud spacing are 0.5-0.8cm, too early per unit area yield is low, of poor quality after late; Two is picking methods, and it is that leaf segment place, edge water shield terrestrial stem top first plucks that tradition is plucked.This method is unfavorable for terrestrial stem branch.Correct picking method is: adopt down from 0.5-0.8cm place on next leaf segment position of top first leaf during harvesting, the tender stem that so not only length is about 10-15cm can process the food (another patent of invention will be addressed) of cuisines, the more important thing is and promote that sprouting sprouts, expand picking surface.Three is to collect, and especially enters July, and the sexual growth of water shield starts, and plucks not in time and will form bud.Four is after each harvesting, and the draining of water shield field is to 40cm, and every 666.7 square metres add bordeaux mixture with Ye Mian Bao 5g and spray in right amount, and the susceptible and foliage spray of wound is plucked in control, and foliage spray is after 12 hours, and rehydration is to 60-70cm and recover water body flow state.
2.3.4.3 more the summer tongue cut (at the beginning of 7-8 months the end of month).Lichuan maximum temperature in summer time of occurrence is at the beginning of 7-8 months the end of month, and atmospheric temperature 30-34 degree, absolute maximum temperature is 37 degree (about 30 years one chances).Water shield is not afraid of cold, and To Be Protected from Heat, and when temperature is higher than 30 degree, water shield terrestrial stem extends and slows down--stop.Traditional cultivation is just filled with deep water and is protected dish and get over the summer.This method is improperly to acquisition water shield high-yield and high-efficiency.Because one is a large amount of wastes causing water shield biological yield, two is that more phase in summer water shield leaf area index is bordering on 120%, this water surface water shield leaf stuffy room without ventilation state, to being in water shield aphid and water shield leaf rot harm high-incidence season, usually causes autumn water shield without receipts.Three is that more the phase in summer keeps water body flow to be prevention and elimination of disease and pests and the key obtaining high yield in autumn.The management main points of science are:
2.3.4.3.1 summer, tongue was cut.At the beginning of-8 months late Julies, after draining to 40-50cm, tender section of water shield terrestrial stem children (nail can be nipped off as degree) leaf belt stem (is transported back and separately processed after all cutting off, Tanaka can not leave over and cut off cauline leaf, avoid rot cause disease), spray in time carbendazim (common dose) after 12 hours rehydration to 70-80cm.
2.3.4.3.2 keep water shield field equivalent to fill with row, make water body keep flow regime.
2.3.4.3.2 tongue cuts intensity is that water surface water shield leaf area index remains between 55-60%.
2.3.4.3.2 more the summer tongue cut effect: generally every mu can provide new raw materials of food processing 1500-2000kg; Two be tongue cut water shield estivation period can effective stimulus terrestrial stem branch differentiation; Three is adjusted and reduced by leaf area index, alleviates disease worm hazard ratio; Four is because new branch is formed and avoids the ， Qiu Water-shield not only output increased more than 15% that blossoms and bears fruit, and reduces the bitter taste of Qiu Water-shield, improves Qiu Water-shield quality.
2.3.5 the water shield autumn and winter manage.The water shield main producing region of Lichuan height above sea level 1200-1400, summer high temperature continues to mid or late August for many years, at the beginning of 9 months, atmospheric temperature declines fast, to long holidays Mo on National Day, atmospheric temperature is reduced to less than 15 degree throughout the year, obviously shorten between water shield basistipe on the ground, bud portion is concentrated forms warty sleeping bud (sleeping bud came off naturally in first frost season).It is the Biomarkers that water shield enters autumn and winter management that sleeping bud forms the initial stage.The cultivation autumn and winter management of tradition water shield is very extensive, is usually after autumn vegetable is arbitrarily gathered, and let alone water shield cauline leaf and rot, this had both been unfavorable for water shield output increased then, be more unfavorable for that the coming year, high yield and high quality was produced.
2.3.5.1 the water shield autumn and winter manage the first main points is thoroughly remove water shield Tanaka and dike bank periphery to be in the weeds in flowering stage (time that weeds a garden holds very crucial, flowering stage, removing was got twice the result with half the effort), this had both been conducive to removing insect overwintering host, reduced weeds propagation and widespread radix in the coming year simultaneously.The weeds nutrient in flowering stage is sufficient simultaneously, is retting fertilizer quality material.
2.3.5.2 the water shield autumn and winter manage the second main points is harvesting cauline leafs on the ground.Water shield on the ground cauline leaf conventional cultivation lets alone to rot, and this significant wastage being resource is also the hotbed of next year sick worm harm radix simultaneously.Cauline leaf collecting season is sleeping bud shape initial stage (early October) on the ground, water shield water in field is drained into 40cm, the above 30cm eminence in water shield terrestrial stem edge terrestrial stem ground is cut off transport back and carry out deep processing and (extract the rich zinc polysaccharide of water shield, containing selenium water shield albumen, ethanol is extracted in solid content fermentation, extracts " vinasse " synthetic diet etc. after ethanol).
2.3.5.3 early fertilizer of surviving the winter is executed.Water shield is when atmospheric temperature is lower than 15 degree, and terrestrial stem stops extending, but subterranean stem is also growth (cryogenically also having 15-18 degree during this period).Therefore fertilizer of surviving the winter must use in early October.Fertile consumption of surviving the winter is that the every mu of dish cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed (the same base fertilizer of preparation method) 200-250kg adds ash 100-150kg or potassium sulfate 10-15kg.
2.3.5.3.1 execute winter top dressing combine anti-to cure the disease, worm, weeds.The water in water shield pond is drained into 5cm, makes the snail in water shield pond, moss, the large portion of duckweed concentrate in the ditch of management channels formation, concentrate and kill.
2.3.5.3.2 apply fertilizer after killing snail, moss, duckweed, combine after fertilising after fertilizer fully mixes with earth by cleaning management channels and cover shallow water 10-15cm, hydrostatic management 5-7 days, covers water 30cm and enters and survive the winter time (sprouting see there being a little terrestrial stem sprouting) before Frost's Descent solar term.
2.3.5.3.2 the water management in Wintering Period water shield field.Conventional water shield cultivation Wintering Period is the management thinking little of water shield pond, and this technical essential is " fine shallow snow depth ice slush seedling-protection ", and enter winter, water shield pond lowest water level is 30cm, and peak level is 70cm.Concrete enforcement is long fine day (weather forecast more than 5 days fine days), Chi Shui is drained into 30cm, although now water shield can not grow, has the oxygen content that can increase in soil, be beneficial to the breeding of useful aerobic microbiological and soil organic matter degraded, cold wave comes and covers water in time in first 2 days.Covering and be limited to more than 50cm under water, is ensure that ice slush phase water shield does not suffer freeze injury (Lichuan thickness of frozen earth layer maximum ice period is 25-30cm, paddy field freeze maximum gauge 3-4cm).Meanwhile, water need be changed once every 7-10 days winter in water shield pond except ice period, kept water shield pond water body clean.
Three test examples
1 technology effect of increasing production
Different technologies Yield and quality analytical table (on October 8th, 2013)
Upper table analysis: at kind, seedling quality, planting density, soil fertility prerequisite consistent with Fertilization Level thinks that row is filled with in employing plan, scientific utilization of fertilizer, picking period regulation and control leaf area index, summer tongue cut and winter results on the ground the new technology such as cauline leaf not only increase water shield biological yield availability, improve water shield per unit area yield, and water shield quality product rate can be improved, the effect of increasing income is obvious.
This technology and conventional art comprehensive income comparison sheet
Conclusion:
1 technology is based under the traditional water shield seed output and quality prerequisite of raising, the engineering that comprehensive employing is new, and biotechnology and horticulture technique, realize the edible part output of water shield tradition the highest, best in quality.And, while the maximization of the utilization of resources that not only realizes behaving excellently obtains and processes raw material, reduce water shield planting cost, reduce the Pest organism extent of injury, increase and add Water-shield agriculture and work as annual income, the supporting technology of raising resources economy comprehensive benefit.Therefore this technology " three property " feature is obvious.
2 technology are prerequisite to set up controlled filling isostere, the new technology such as supporting " management channels and van-type cultivation ", " the different water table management of different growing stages ", " summer, tongue cut water shield regulation and control leaf area index ", " autumn gathers in water shield ", this is for raising water shield comprehensive resource utilization rate Zeng Jia Water-shield agriculture income, and the economic benefit of lengthening manufacturing chain and social benefit are very remarkable.
3 it is emphasized that, Lichuan water shield is containing the rich zinc of selenium, Se content is 1.5-1.8mg/kg, Zn content is 158-235mg/kg, and research shows, selenium is mainly present in water shield protein with organic, zinc more than 70% is present in Polysaccharide of Brasenia Schreberi and water shield protein matter with organic, therefore, the functional food of processing or the biological chain conversion by the feed addictive of synthesis, well mend selenium, zinc supplementation food to the crowd in scarce selenium, scarce zinc area.
It should be noted that, for said method embodiment, in order to simple description, therefore it is all expressed as a series of combination of actions, but those skilled in the art should know, the application is not by the restriction of described sequence of movement, because according to the application, some step can adopt other orders or carry out simultaneously.Secondly, those skilled in the art also should know, the embodiment described in specification all belongs to preferred embodiment, and involved action and module might not be that the application is necessary.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the accurate high yield and quality cultivation method of water shield, is characterized in that, comprising: controlled filling isostere system establishment step; Scientific utilization of fertilizer step; Preferred kind of stem step; Ditch, railway carriage or compartment ditch and cultivation face, railway carriage or compartment step are enclosed in setting; Rational close planting, shallow water are turned green, shallow middle water promotes terrestrial stem division, deep water fosters and apply fertilizer bud-leaf step; Regulation and control leaf area index, summer tongue cut, autumn and winter harvesting steps, wherein, controlled filling isostere system establishment step, specifically comprises:
1.1.1 water shield base scale is determined with water source water supply capacity, wherein, calculate with 1000 mu of water shield production base scales, meet water shield field and irrigate most profundal zone 70cm, irrigating once maximum water consumption is 466.690 cubic metres, be set as 48 hours as irrigated a time, water supply source must ensure that low water discharge is greater than 1.8 cubes of meter per seconds;
1.1.2 fill with, drainage ditch arrange, the row's of filling canal by height fill with low row, bright filling secretly the mode of arranging arrange, set up the region in water shield base in plan, equidistantly arrange feed ditch, drainage ditch, feed ditch, higher than water shield pond dike bank 15-20cm, selects U-shaped pipe of cement to set up, every 40m establishes a lateral canal, lateral canal volume 3-5 cubic meter; Draining adopts embedded underground drainage pipeline, and drainage pipeline horizontal plane is higher than water shield pond ground level 4-5cm.And during construction, first bury pipe of cement as drainage ditch, then set up canal of pouring water, with Economization on land, and water filling port is designed to covering of the fan, reduces the damage to water shield when pouring water; Discharge outlet arranges elevation (over-and-under) type gate valve, it is 5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 70cm that gate valve requires water level management scope, design, drainage ditch (every block water shield field 40m*50m) the fastest drainage discharge is according to only keeping water shield pond water layer 5cm, draining design in 1300 cubic metres/24 hours, every block water shield field drainpipe minimum diameter is not less than 200cm;
1.1.3 irrigation drainage channel construction procedure, wherein, the row's of filling canal takes up an area beam overall 150cm.Broken groove secretly buries drainpipe, drainpipe pipe of cement diameter 400-500cm; And drainpipe buries fixed and the compacting of rear earthing is in charge of in the field draining of linkage unit water shield, repave after building the thick block stone of 30cm and water the thick mixed earth of 15cm, mixed earth solidifies rear erection feed ditch, pour water the opposing two pieces of water shield fields of canal and drainage ditch position share, the layout that should misplace is in charge of in pour water branch canal and draining, wherein, canal gradient of pouring water is designed to 3-5 ‰, and drainage ditch gradient is designed to 5-10 ‰.
2. the accurate high yield and quality cultivation method of water shield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, scientific utilization of fertilizer step, specifically comprises:
1.2.1 improve water shield output, quality and alleviate disease, the strict inorganic fertilizer that controls uses, and fertilizer the degree of depth must become thoroughly decomposed and reach innoxious;
Wherein, 1.2.2 fertilizer making step, comprise: every 1800-2000kg cattle and sheep barnyard manure or colza cake add that the fermentation of 4000-5000mlEM bacterium stoste is made, concrete grammar: 4000-5000mlEM bacterium stoste adds 1000-1500ml white wine and adds 1-1.5kg brown sugar again and fully stir evenly after adding the dilution of 10-12 times of water, good oxygen condition bottom fermentation makes EM mother bacterial liquid in 5-7 days, until there is distiller's yeast fragrance to overflow, pile mixing rear code thoroughly with EM mother bacterial liquid after cattle and sheep excrement barnyard manure or colza cake drying and crushing, with plastic mulching anaerobic fermentation 10-15 days, mulch film is thrown off until have when comparatively heavy wine fragrance overflows, let alone at good oxygen condition bottom fermentation 40-45 days, the fertilizer odorless made, Powdered, and fertilizer Production Time is the beginning in first 70 days of plan fertilization time.
3. the accurate high yield and quality cultivation method of water shield according to claim 1, is characterized in that, preferably plants stem step, specifically comprises:
1.3.1 set up kind of a stem garden, wherein plant the water shield that safflower strain is selected in stem garden, kind stem garden is built pond and is adopted wide 6m, long 30-40m specification, preset frame, and winter, overlay film was survived the winter;
1.3.2 plant stem garden and adopt large fertile thin planting management, plantation density is 50*50cm.Base fertilizer is fermentating rapeseed cake 400-500kg, ash 200-250kg, and water layer management remains between 30-50cm;
1.3.3 plant stem standard: diameter stem 0.5-0.8cm, the long 8-15cm of internode, color is dark green, and anosis worm, without rust staining, wound on stem;
1.3.4 plant stem and adopt stem, comprising: draining is to 15-20cm, and edge creeping underground stem joint is sprouted terrestrial stem place and cut terrestrial stem, and every three joints are a strain, and retain stem 1-1.5cm beyond the joint of two ends, top and the bottom, clip lower end straight snips, upper end is tiltedly cut.
4. the accurate high yield and quality cultivation method of water shield according to claim 1, is characterized in that, arranges and encloses ditch, railway carriage or compartment ditch and cultivation face, railway carriage or compartment step, comprising:
1.4.1 enclose ditch, railway carriage or compartment ditch is arranged, after stem deep ploughing in newly-built water shield pond is smooth, before covering water, what Xian Yu Water-shield dish pond surrounding opened the dark 25cm of wide 30cm encloses ditch; Railway carriage or compartment is played again, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 25cm, dark 20cm by 225cm; Railway carriage or compartment ditch is with to enclose ditch through; By face, cultivation railway carriage or compartment that is floating for face, railway carriage or compartment and formation width 200cm;
Wherein, enclose ditch and railway carriage or compartment trench depth need be more than or equal to 20cm, the scope of the depth capacity 15cm that root stretches of crawling lower than water shield underground; It two is enclose after ditch railway carriage or compartment ditch is held successfully to answer airing 3-5 days.
5. the accurate high yield and quality cultivation method of water shield according to claim 1, is characterized in that, rational close planting, shallow water are turned green, shallow middle water promotes terrestrial stem division, deep water fosters and apply fertilizer bud-leaf step, comprising:
1.5.1 rational close planting, fertile plot seeding row spacing is 55*60cm, every railway carriage or compartment 4 row; Thin and weak plot seeding row spacing is 45cm*50cm, every railway carriage or compartment 5 row, mu field planting 2000-2900 strain;
1.5.2 the short step of turning green of shallow water, water shield late March is transplanted, and water depth controls as 5-6cm, management adopts shallow water management, chase after simultaneously early and carry seed manure, when having the full exhibition of the water shield first young leaves of 60-75% in field, mu spreads fertilizer over the fields fermentation maturity coarse colza meal 80-100kg;
1.5.2.1 the sick worm of attention control and weeds, this phase Major Pests is the chrysomelid and lamnaeid of food root, and the chrysomelid coarse colza meal control efficiency of topdressing of food root is fine; Lamnaeid happiness be collected at water shield pond periphery and pour water, near drainage ditch, when water shield pond water layer is lower than 5cm, substantially concentrate in management channels, the dimethoate emulsion with 40% or 50% sprays to concentrate and puts out, concentration: 75g/1000g; Weeds are moss mainly, sprays with times amount formula bordeaux mixture or direct copper sulphate;
1.5.3 shallow middle water promotes terrestrial stem division, main at the beginning of-5 months mid-Aprils, wherein, the pure dish 8-10 of new cultivation days above and below ground stem, terrestrial stem start to extend, after 12-15 days, terrestrial stem starts division, terrestrial stem division first grows new root from the kind stem internode of field planting, then new terrestrial stem is sprouted from growing new root, new terrestrial stem is sprouted again, by that analogy, after terrestrial stem is elongated to certain length after the new terrestrial stem sprouted sends new root, when water layer 30-40cm, terrestrial stem also forms branch, meanwhile, plucks and also stimulates branch to be formed;
1.5.3.1 water layer management, this phase waterlayer control, between 15-35cm, extends with terrestrial stem and progressively floods;
1.5.3.2 enrich branch fertilizer, execute when water shield terrestrial stem young sprout is elongated to 10-15cm and promote that branch is fertile, total fertilization amount is: the cake fertilizer 150-200kg of fermentation maturity, phosphorus ammonium 15-20kg, ash 100-150kg; Fertilizing method is: spread fertilizer over the fields when selecting fine day first water shield Chi Shui to be drained into about 10cm, and fertilizer and earth stir evenly by Shi Houyong comb rake, hydrostatic management 20-24 hour, do not arrange and do not fill with, then pour water to 20cm, wherein, as period meets rainfall, not draining after fertilising, rain to stop after 2 days draining to needs water depth.
6. the accurate high yield and quality cultivation method of water shield according to claim 5, is characterized in that, regulation and control leaf area index, summer tongue cut, autumn and winter harvesting steps, comprising:
1.6.1 leaf area index regulation and control step, controls between leaf area index 85-90%;
1.6.1.1 leaf area index regulation measure: enter the picking period, as there are some blank waters surface without water shield Leaf positional distribution in water shield field, should take " choosing is adopted " mode to pluck, and it is rare to adopt dense stocking; As the phenomenon that blade is overlapping crowded appears in water shield field leaf area, then adopt and dredge leaf measure, slice off a part of blade; Dredging leaf method is cut off together with petiole;
1.6.2 more summer, tongue was cut, at the beginning of 7-8 months the end of month;
Summer, tongue cut method, after draining to 40-50cm, by water shield terrestrial stem children tender section, with nail can nip off into degree, after leaf belt stem is all cut off, tongue spray immediately after cutting carbendazim (common dose) after 12 hours rehydration to 70-80cm;
1.6.3 keep water shield field equivalent to fill with row, make water body keep flow regime;
1.6.4 tongue cuts intensity is that water surface water shield leaf area index remains between 55-60%;
1.7 the water shield autumn and winter results, after agriculture makes White Dew-Frost's Descent before;
1.7.2 autumn and winter water shield harvesting method: water shield water in field is drained into 40cm, after water shield top is neatly cut off by the neat water surface, consumption spraying carbendazim routinely, after 72 hours, rehydration is to 70cm for spray medicine, and the water shield of results is all transported back and is used as to extract polysaccharide, process rich zinc food, Zinc-rich fodder;
1.7.3 early execute fertilizer of surviving the winter, fertilizer of surviving the winter must use in early October, and fertile consumption of surviving the winter is that the every mu of dish cake fertilizer 200-250kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed adds ash 100-150kg or potassium sulfate 10-15kg.
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| CN105284445A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-03 | 重庆国农环境科技股份有限公司 | Water shield colloid formation promoting mechanism with water quality monitoring instrument |
| CN105746148A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-13 | 苏州东山农业发展有限公司 | Early maturing culture method for Tai lake water shield |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105284448A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-03 | 重庆国农环境科技股份有限公司 | Linkage type water shield paddy field illumination adjusting assembly |
| CN105284445A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-03 | 重庆国农环境科技股份有限公司 | Water shield colloid formation promoting mechanism with water quality monitoring instrument |
| CN105284445B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-11-10 | 重庆国农环境科技股份有限公司 | A kind of gelatin in water shield with water quality detection instrument forms promotion mechanism |
| CN105284448B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-12-05 | 重庆国农环境科技股份有限公司 | A kind of coordinated type water shield paddy field illumination adjusts assembly |
| CN105746148A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-13 | 苏州东山农业发展有限公司 | Early maturing culture method for Tai lake water shield |
| CN106717867A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 南昌莼菜农业有限公司 | A kind of organic water shield and the method for grass carp symbiosis |
| CN106613285A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-10 | 狄跃 | Method for planting water shields through reservoir waterside fish returning to field |
| CN106688597A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-24 | 狄跃 | Method for planting Brasenia schreberi on reservoir slope land |
| CN106688596A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-24 | 狄跃 | Reservoir waterside water and soil conservation water shield planting method |
| CN106982637A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-07-28 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of implantation methods for improving water shield yield and quality |
| CN110800560A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-18 | 长江大学 | Water shield cultivation method |
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