CN106489494A - A kind of method of follow-up management in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating - Google Patents
A kind of method of follow-up management in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating Download PDFInfo
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- CN106489494A CN106489494A CN201610947536.3A CN201610947536A CN106489494A CN 106489494 A CN106489494 A CN 106489494A CN 201610947536 A CN201610947536 A CN 201610947536A CN 106489494 A CN106489494 A CN 106489494A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses in a kind of threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating follow-up management method, including：Weeding is topdressed；Forest interplanting；Insect pest preventing and controlling；Draws climing beta pruning.The present invention brings considerable economic benefit using discarded residual branch, blend with original environment to the full extent, the branch for relying on the pruning of its original plant to crush and the nutrients structure substance circulation formed after Leaf Litter Decomposition, ensure threeleaf akebia normally growth with solid, from the principle of bio-diversity, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, fully embodies ecosystem, green, organic Ecological Concept, meets the consumption demand in market.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to follow-up management in field of plant growing technology, more particularly to a kind of threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating
Method.
Background technology
With agriculture large-area pesticide abuse and chemical fertilizer, Residual Pesticides in Farm Produce problem is increasingly severe, if not
Corresponding specification and adjustment are carried out to production environment, cultivation mode, it will bring serious environmental pollution, or even have influence on people
Normal production and life.In addition, as progress and the growth in the living standard people of science are for the consumption idea of agricultural product
Also change gradually there occurs.From the point of view of consumption market, the masses consumption focus via the mouthfeel of agricultural product, edible rate with
And price has been transferred on ecosystem, green organic and health care.A lot of traditional agricultures all start to green, ecological,
Organic transition, the theory of pseudo-wild cultivating are exactly to rely on its original ecosystem resource completely, using the biota of its own
The stability for falling, does not apply any pesticide, chemical fertilizer and other interpolation elements, is entirely pure natural, green organically agricultural product,
On the one hand the utilization rate of idle sylvan life resource can be improved, on the other hand the pollution to ecological environment is also effectively reduced.SANYE wood
Lead to a kind of bejuco that (Akebia trifoliata) is Lardizabalaceae, fruit is commonly called as Fructus Akebiae, Fructus Akebiae, Fructus Akebiae
Deng the milky white edible of sarcocarp has a kind of taste for being mixed with Fructus Musae, Fructus Litchi and Sirikaya, in addition, threeleaf akebia free amino acid
Rich content, wherein also includes that human body itself can not synthesize necessary aminoacid, with high nutritive value and edible, doctor
The effect such as treatment, beauty and health care, is distributed widely in basin on the south China the Changjiang river.According to《Bencao Shiyi》、《Sheng Nong's herbal classic》Deng
Record, and Trilobed Caulis Akebiae fruit " meridian distribution of property and flavor, bitter, put down, Return liver, stomach." there are depressed liver-energy dispersing and QI regulating, removing obstruction for relieving pain, diuresis, lactogenesis etc.
Effect.What modern domestic and international research threeleaf akebia was more is concentrated mainly on Korea and Japan.Fresh fruit is by certain technique
Its initial processing can be just fruit juice, fruit wine and fruit jam etc. by means；Seed can be extracted rich in unsaturated fatty acid
High quality oils；Used as a kind of climbing plant, threeleaf akebia is shapeable strong, and branch shape is powerful, pattern is simple and elegant, use very early abroad
In the potted plant aspect of gardening, along with its strong stress resistance, the improvement in the barren soil of middle alpine soil is also adapted for, and is a drive
The effective means of the idle agricultural industry development of middle high mountain.Generally speaking, threeleaf akebia is nutritious, deep processing bore is wide, green
Changing also has powerful potentiality with aspect of improving the ecological environment, and is a kind of Special plant with higher economic worth, with wide
Market prospect and social benefit.
Current cropping pattern is directly carried out using cement pillar built after substantially circulating out by arable land on a large scale
Standardized planting, this kind of method needs to put into substantial amounts of soil running expense, takes large-area arable land and subsequently high
Operational and administrative expenses.Pseudo-wild cultivating pattern is mainly used in the development of middle high mountain agricultural industry, its theory be exactly low input,
There are output, fully natural green organic.At present, the phase with regard to middle high mountain threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating follow-up management there is no
, so as to cause cultivated plant healthy and strong can not grow up, easily there is pest and disease damage in pass data, economy incurs loss.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide in a kind of threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating follow-up management method, start forest land imitate
The precedent of wild cultivating system follow-up management method, it is intended to solve follow-up management in present threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating system
Imperfection causes cultivated plant healthy and strong can not grow up, and pest and disease damage, the problem that economy incurs loss easily occur.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of method of follow-up management in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating, the threeleaf akebia
In pseudo-wild cultivating, the method for follow-up management is comprised the following steps：
Weeding is fostered and apply fertilizer：In the middle ten days in spring, the weeds of plant mound surface and surrounding need to be removed, collect the weeds that removes,
It is dispersed on mound and allows its natural putrid fermentation, as fertilizer.Meanwhile, can enter after threeleaf akebia completely covers and climb up by holding on to plant
The interplanting of the cloudy industrial crops of row sylvan life happiness；The branch that wipes out can crush nature putrid fermentation as fertilizer with pulverizer, also may be used
It is used for cultivating sylvan life edible fungi.In order to improve the efficiency of corruption, the process for carrying out classification is needed, by the moisture content control of branch granule
40% or so, the crushing length of branch is controlled in 2～5mm system, and the size of granularity is controlled by pulverizer sieve aperture, after complete fermentation
Directly can impose on the ground around plant.
Insect pest preventing and controlling：Remove the branch of plant and periphery vegetational zone pathogen in time, strike off scab, sprinkling stone is thio
Agent prevents anthrax；Examine whether plant carries worm's ovum, the worm pupa that survives the winter, one it has been observed that remove at once；Enclose being provided with
After the tendril lignifying that threeleaf akebia newly goes out put poultry in a suitable place to breed, eliminate hiding insect pest in the plantation area on hurdle；
Draws climing beta pruning：The newborn rattan of threeleaf akebia can be divided into two kinds：Climbing stem and stolon, in threeleaf akebia seedling
After field planting soon, it will have young sprout sprout, climbing stem if not running into the object that can be climbed up by holding on to can along physical features sprawl growth,
After the length of climbing stem grows to 30cm, purple is selected, thick, the preferable climbing stem of growing way is manually wound into brace
On, select two, remaining additional can be after two main climbing stems be fastened, all rejectings, prevent nutrition stream
Lose, promote the fast-growth of climbing stem, shorten the time of restocking, after the climbing of climbing stem reaches the hat width of brace, adopt
Artificial draws climing, prunes the born branch of excessive growth in main tendril side, retains the brachyplast for yielding positive results.
Mound layering：At later stages, such as there is new young sprout of climbing up by holding on in the rattan in near-earth portion, then can be conducted on ground
Look unfamiliar length, treat that branch lignifying, diameter can breed new explant in the way of using press strip after reaching more than 0.5cm, this
Method survival rate is high, simple to operate, with low cost, instant effect.
Forest interplanting：Until threeleaf akebia Later growth, the plant in whole place have spread to the whole hat of brace
After width, sky can be made full use of in the cloudy plant of interplanting happiness below threeleaf akebia mainly by cloudy Chinese crude drug of some happinesses etc.
Between, mountain area plantation is a point plot, and different plot function modes is different, some interplantings, have for breeding explant, have
Put poultry, diversification utilization in a suitable place to breed.
Further, need to carry out in the logical pseudo-wild cultivating of SANYE wood before follow-up management place election, soil select, clear
Woods, field planting, draws climing.
Further, the place election method is：
First have to the location for avoiding polluter；
Secondly, near water source, or an outlet is arranged by water pipe guiding, tractor road is built in plantation place periphery
And need to encircle and hunt down wall at the edge in plantation place, furthermore water stain-free is selected, without low-lying, well-drained location, and select closing
Spend sparse woods hillside fields or cheuch that shrub and arbor between 0.10～0.25 mix friendship, the selection of the gradient 15 degree to 30 degree it
Between, place election is in the place of below height above sea level 2300m；
Soil system of selection is：
Select half Yin Shanpo of fertile soil, bushes, mountain region woods, fertile soil of the topsoil for slant acidity, pH value is
5.0～6.5,2.0%～2.7%, 0.12%～0.15%, soil density mostly is and contains chiltern N content the content of organic matter
Soil, soil moisture in layer 25%～32%, red soil or yellow earth of the cubsoil for chiltern, many granite of matrix, shale, Yi Jishi
Limestone, by chiltern fallen leaves fertile soil when the soil is selected>Chiltern yellow earth or red soil>The yellow earth of viscosity or red soil principle select soil
Earth；
The method of clear woods is comprised the following steps：
Examine first, deliberate repeatedly, arrange miscellaneous branch, adjustment secondly from top to bottom is tree-like, carry out unrestrained, then will
Trees are changed in cutting from top to bottom, are pruned；Processing is finally checked.
Further, arranging miscellaneous branch method is：Sprig after first bough, first top branch rear lower branch, peripheral branch after first interior thorax branch；
Pruning method is：Shears direct shearing is used to withe when pruning；When pruning to bough and trunk, made using substep
Industry method, concretely comprises the following steps：
The pruning method of bough：First determine saw kerf, then from require saw kerf to treetop direction extend 20cm away from, from branch
Lower section saws a kerf upwards, and depth is the half of branch rugosity, slightly goes up sawing mouth again in relative direction, and branch is sawed-off, stays
One stub；Then stub is removed from the saw of kerf on the lower, the copper-bath with 20% is sterilized to saw kerf；The branch base portion of pruning
Thick. section should not be concordant with raw branch, and outwards slightly tiltedly to avoid section excessive, wound should be caused to be difficult to heal, and cuts
The excessive saw kerf healing time in face is slow, in order to prevent disease pest invade artificial can smear paint or preservative at section into rotting,
Protective agent is finally coated.
The pruning method of trunk:One otch of bottom-up saw in front of section, saw kerf depth can be in branch l/3 or so.
Then sawing mouth again slightly being gone up in relative direction, when wanting sawed-off, breaking lopping by being touched with handss forward, section is excessive
Saw kerf healing time is slow, artificial into rotting in order to prevent disease pest from invading, and can smear paint or preservative, finally coat at section
Protective agent.
Further, tree-like during the brace is tree-like is including ring-type and natural open centre shape；During the ring-type does not have
Heart major branch, the only trunk of one section of height, are distributed 3～5 major branches on trunk；Uniform be distributed to surrounding, mitogenetic side again on major branch
Branch, in neat regular mitogenetic；Naturally the happy type does not have center major branch, and branching-point is relatively low, 3～5, major branch, radiation distribution
On trunk, center deployment, center branch be not empty, forms the happy tree crown of nature, described require that saw kerf is neat saw kerf, protect
Shield agent includes protecting wax or mixed paint.
Further, at the beginning of a period of time of threeleaf akebia before temperature starts to get warm again after a cold spell, the winter Mo that tender shoots progressively sprouts to spring
When be colonized, the method being colonized in the threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating is for comprising the following steps：
Excavate planting hole：Planting hole is excavated where the support trees back of the body sun after each pruning, and is fostered and apply fertilizer；
Determine planting density：The density of cultivation is adjusted according to natural trees quantity；
Go out gutter along natural slope landform combing；
Seedling is put in the planting hole for having dug together with soil, soil is backfilled after fixing again and is compacted, after field planting is good, with
Seedling is that the weeds in its 0.40cm are cleared up by the center of circle.
Further, the planting hole length of excavation is：40cmx40cmx20cm.
Further, fertilizer application method is：Thick grass excessive for density, unaccommodated branch are put into pulverizer and are pulverized, directly
Connect earth's surface is layered on as base manure and is fostered and apply fertilizer；
The tree-like method of adjustment of natural brace is：Excessive small-sized arbor is broken apart by chopping, increases the hat spoke of remaining trees,
By canopy density control between 0.1～0.25.
Further, seedling is put in the planting hole for having dug together with soil, after fixing, backfills soil the tool being compacted again
Body method is：
Seedling is put in the planting hole for having dug together with soil, soil after fixing, is backfilled again, is pressed tightly with handss in backfill,
Root system is allowed to be fully contacted with soil, planted the soil compression around young plant with foot or other instruments after backfill is good
A little ridge is played around young plant.
Further, in the threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating, draws climing method is：
In the natural woodland of middle high mountain, in order to further shorten the time of threeleaf akebia seedling restocking, using manually drawing
Climing method.Young sprout length is climbed up by holding on to 50cm after field planting seedling, with handss young sprout is lightly rolled up nigh seek connections with plant,
Young sprout itself can be grown up along plant is sought connections with.
Fertilizer in traditional standardized cultivation mode, pesticide, labour cost need not be put into by the present invention, in maximum journey
Blend with original environment on degree, the nutrient formed after the branch and Leaf Litter Decomposition of the building crushing ditch that rely on its original plant
Constitute substance circulation, so as to ensure threeleaf akebia normally growth with solid, fully embody ecosystem, green, have
The retrospective Ecological Concept of machine, meets the consumption demand in market；
By the pseudo-wild cultivating of the present invention for the solid native, water conservation and soil fertilities in mountain area are notable；Development space is wide, dives
Power is huge, is not limited to the arable land of flat-bottomed land and middle alpine region, and this kind of pattern can fully some idle barren hills
Shrub, plantation are vitalized, allow its original without output on the basis of realize have output, be a process from scratch.
Total sugar content by the threeleaf akebia wild cultivating of the present invention is apparently higher than traditional cultivation, and the value of sugar-acid ratio connects
Its twice nearly, for total sugar accumulation of fruit is effective with the raising of sugar-acid ratio；
By the nixed planting of the present invention, for the medical material of some forest interplantings, special framework is not only needed to hide
Shady environment, additionally it is possible to sufficiently using original material of whole ecosystem, it is not necessary to extra infusion of financial resources, save into
This.
By the threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating of the present invention compared with traditional normal cultivation with multiple advantages, the present invention
Abundant profit simultaneously incorporates existing resource, allows which to flow to the direction beneficial to the mankind；With pure natural, ecosystem, green organically
Theory is to plant the demand that core meets modern consumption colony；In addition, for the agricultural industry of middle high mountain be a kind of strong benefit
Fill, for low input, have the middle high mountain agricultural industry development of output significant.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of follow-up management in the threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating that the present invention is provided.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is not used to only in order to explain the present invention
Limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the application principle of the present invention is explained in detail.
As shown in Figure 1：In threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating provided in an embodiment of the present invention the method for follow-up management include with
Lower step：
S101：Weeding is fostered and apply fertilizer：In the middle ten days in spring, remove the weeds of plant mound surface and surrounding, by removing after miscellaneous
Grass is dispersed on ridge heap natural putrid fermentation, and carries out the interplanting of sylvan life ombrophyte；The branch that wipes out crushes system with pulverizer
One putrid fermentation, the branch moisture content 40% of crushing, the crushing 2～5mm of length of branch, after the branch complete fermentation of crushing directly
Impose on the ground around plant；
S102：Insect pest preventing and controlling：Wipe out the branch with pathogen in time, and concentrate and destroy process by fire, strike off scab, spray stone
Thio dose prevents anthrax, examines plant, removes worm's ovum, the worm pupa that survives the winter, is being provided with the planting area of fence, is treating SANYE
After the tendril lignifying that Caulis Akebiae newly goes out, poultry can be put in a suitable place to breed, eliminate hiding insect pest；
S103：Draws climing beta pruning：After the Seeding planting of threeleaf akebia, after the length of climbing stem reaches 30cm, select purple
Color, thick, two good climbing stems of growing way are placed on load-bearing wood using the artificial method wound with handss, remaining climbing stem
And stolon is all rejected, for the tendril for having climbed up by holding on to upper tree needs to wipe out the long shoot of the excessive growth of its side life, stay and bloom
As a result brachyplast bar.
S104：Mound layering：The stolon for growing out in the age of tree plant near-earth portion of more than 3 years can treat that branch is wooden
Change, diameter breeds new explant by the way of press strip after reaching more than 0.5cm；
S105：Forest interplanting：For the region for not putting poultry in a suitable place to breed can carry out the interplanting of the cloudy crop of sylvan life happiness, such as weight
Building, Herba Dendrobii etc.；
Need to carry out in the logical pseudo-wild cultivating of SANYE wood before follow-up management place election, soil selections, clear woods, calmly
Plant, lead.
The place election method is：
First have to the location for avoiding polluter；
Secondly, near water source, or an outlet is arranged by water pipe guiding, tractor road is built in plantation place periphery
And need to encircle and hunt down wall at the edge in plantation place, furthermore water stain-free is selected, without low-lying, well-drained location, and select closing
Spend sparse woods hillside fields or cheuch that shrub and arbor between 0.10～0.25 mix friendship, the selection of the gradient 15 degree to 30 degree it
Between, place election is in the place of below height above sea level 2300m.
Soil system of selection is：
Select half Yin Shanpo of fertile soil, bushes, mountain region woods, fertile soil of the topsoil for slant acidity, pH value is
5.0～6.5,2.0%～2.7%, 0.12%～0.15%, soil density mostly is and contains chiltern N content the content of organic matter
Soil, soil moisture in layer 25%～32%, red soil or yellow earth of the cubsoil for chiltern, many granite of matrix, shale, Yi Jishi
Limestone, by chiltern fallen leaves fertile soil when the soil is selected>Chiltern yellow earth or red soil>The yellow earth of viscosity or red soil principle select soil
Earth.
The method of clear woods is comprised the following steps：
Examine first, deliberate repeatedly, arrange miscellaneous branch, adjustment secondly from top to bottom is tree-like, carry out unrestrained, then will
Trees are changed in cutting from top to bottom, are pruned；Processing is finally checked.
Arranging miscellaneous branch method is：Sprig after first bough, first top branch rear lower branch, peripheral branch after first interior thorax branch.
Pruning method is：Shears direct shearing is used to withe when pruning；When pruning to bough and trunk, made using substep
Industry method, concretely comprises the following steps：
The pruning method of bough：First determine saw kerf, then from require saw kerf to treetop direction extend 20cm away from, from branch
Lower section saws a kerf upwards, and depth is the half of branch rugosity, slightly goes up sawing mouth again in relative direction, and branch is sawed-off, stays
One stub；Then stub is removed from the saw of kerf on the lower, the copper-bath with 20% is sterilized to saw kerf；The branch base portion of pruning
Thick. section should not be concordant with raw branch, and outwards slightly tiltedly to avoid section excessive, wound should be caused to be difficult to heal, and cuts
The excessive saw kerf healing time in face is slow, in order to prevent disease pest invade artificial can smear paint or preservative at section into rotting,
Protective agent is finally coated.
The pruning method of trunk:One otch of bottom-up saw in front of section, saw kerf depth can be in branch l/3 or so.
Then sawing mouth again slightly being gone up in relative direction, when wanting sawed-off, breaking lopping by being touched with handss forward, section is excessive
Saw kerf healing time is slow, artificial into rotting in order to prevent disease pest from invading, and can smear paint or preservative, finally coat at section
Protective agent.
The brace is tree-like including ring-type and natural open centre shape；The ring-type does not have a center major branch, only one section
The trunk of height, is distributed 3～5 major branches on trunk；Uniform be distributed to surrounding, mitogenetic side shoot again on major branch, in neat regular
Mitogenetic；Naturally the happy type does not have center major branch, and branching-point is relatively low, 3～5, major branch, and radiation is distributed on trunk, center
Launch, center branch is empty, form the happy tree crown of nature, described require that saw kerf is neat saw kerf, protective agent includes protecting wax
Or mixed paint.
Carry out when at the beginning of a period of time of threeleaf akebia before temperature starts to get warm again after a cold spell, the winter Mo that tender shoots progressively sprouts to spring
Field planting, the method being colonized in the logical pseudo-wild cultivating of the SANYE wood are to comprise the following steps：
Seedling quality division is carried out, 30～50 plants/acre of planting density is determined；
Determine planting density：The density of cultivation is adjusted according to natural trees quantity；
Excavate planting hole：Planting hole, the planting hole of excavation are excavated where the support trees back of the body sun after each pruning
Length and width, depth are：40cmx40cmx20cm；
Seedling is put in the planting hole for having dug together with soil, soil is backfilled after fixing again and is compacted, after field planting is good, with
Seedling is that the weeds in its 40cm are cleared up by the center of circle；
Seedling is put in the planting hole for having dug together with soil, soil the concrete grammar being compacted after fixing, is backfilled again
For：
Seedling is put in the planting hole for having dug together with soil, soil after fixing, is backfilled again, is pressed tightly with handss in backfill,
Root system is allowed to be fully contacted with soil, planted the soil compression around young plant with foot or other instruments after backfill is good
A hill is played around young plant；
Mound need to be higher by earth's surface 20cm, prevent the sagging hydrops of new soil；
Go out gutter along natural slope landform combing；
Fertilizer application method is：Thick grass excessive for density, unaccommodated branch are put into pulverizer and are pulverized, directly as base
Fertilizer is layered on earth's surface and is fostered and apply fertilizer.
Natural woods canopy density method of adjustment is：Excessive small-sized arbor is broken apart by chopping, increases the hat width of remaining trees, will
The scope control of canopy density is between 0.1～0.25.
In the threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating, lead method is：
In the natural woodland of middle high mountain, in order to further shorten the time of threeleaf akebia seedling restocking, using manually drawing
Climing method.Young sprout length is climbed up by holding on to 50cm after field planting seedling, with handss young sprout is lightly rolled up nigh seek connections with plant,
Young sprout itself can be grown up along plant is sought connections with.
With reference to principle analysis, the present invention is further described.
1) place election：
Threeleaf akebia is half deciduous fruit tree of berries liana, can transplant in the area of height above sea level 200m～2300m, adaptability
Extensively.Pseudo-wild cultivating is a kind of green, environmental protection, organic and whole retrospective fitness mode, and the selection in its place is first will
Avoid the location of polluter；Secondly, it is therefore desirable near water source, (each goes out or to arrange an outlet by water pipe guiding
Depending on situation around the installation warrants of mouth), need to build tractor road in plantation place periphery, tractor road preferably uses cement
Or the road surface of the mixing material making such as Colophonium and sandstone, secondly it is to carry out compacted soil paving using dry-pressing rubble, mud knot rubble, slag etc.
The road surface that builds.
The Standard General of tractor road is bicycle road, calculates 20 kilometers/hour of road speed, and width of subgrade 30cm, at interval
In the range of 200～300 meters, physical features relatively flat open where arrange lay-by, at lay-by width of subgrade be not less than 6.5
Rice, effective length answer intervisibility not less than 20 meters between two lay-bys.
Tractor road should arrange horizontal curve and vertical curve, should accomplish during design plane pleasantly, the gradient is balanced, plane of structure is reasonable.Curved
Road plane curve radius is typically no less than 15 meters, and particular difficulty location is not less than 10 meters.When radius of horizontal curve is less than 15 meters, should
Superelevation is set and is widened；The maximum longitudinal grade of tractor road within 9%, synthesis longitudinal gradient within 10%, more than 2000 meters of height above sea level or
Accumulated snow frost region maximum longitudinal grade degree must not exceed 8%；The design of roadbed should be according to local geology, the hydrology and material context, both
There are enough strength and stabilities, again economical rationality, and be equipped with perfect pumping equipment and ensure stablizing for roadbed, gutter
Depth and width be not less than 0.3m；Building for tractor road not only facilitates transporting but also facilitating artificial management for product.
Secondly the periphery in place have to pollution-free, including water pollution, heavy metal pollution etc..
Further, since being in mountain area, it is contemplated that have that resident is wild in mountain to put the domestic animals such as cattle, sheep in a suitable place to breed, in plantation place
Edge needs to encircle and hunt down wall, and the calibrated altitude of enclosure wall is 2m.
The strong stress resistance of threeleaf akebia, blade are keratin, drought-enduring strong with cold ability, can adapt to multiple soil types, avoid
The difficult location of water stain, low-lying, draining, because easily causing the phenomenon of rotten；The climbing stem of threeleaf akebia has growth on the sunny side
Characteristic, in the high forest of canopy density more than 0.70, the growth of threeleaf akebia is by being affected than more serious, optimal closing
Degree is sparse woods hillside fields or the cheuch that shrub and arbor mix friendship between 0.10～0.25, the selection of the gradient 15 degree to 30 degree it
Between facilitate manual work.
2) soil is selected：
To be distributed in draining good more for threeleaf akebia, half Yin Shanpo of fertile soil, bushes, mountain region woods etc., and property happiness is cool
Refreshing, warm and humid environment.Topsoil is preferably the fertile soil of slant acidity, and pH value is that the content of organic matter exists between 5.0～6.5
2.0%～2.7%, 0.12%～0.15%, soil density mostly is and contains sandy soil N content, soil moisture in layer 25%～
32%, red soil or yellow earth of the cubsoil for chiltern, many granite of matrix, shale and limestone.
Threeleaf akebia is shallow root seeds, well developed root system, meets section to take root, grow rapidly, and sheeting is into net；It is mainly distributed on residual
Between slag blanket and plough sole, thickness is that the soil texture is by force in the topsoil of 10～15cm with loose, good air permeability, keeping fertility
Good.
The sequence of soil types：Chiltern fallen leaves fertile soil>Chiltern yellow earth (red soil)>The yellow earth (red soil) of viscosity.
3) clear woods：
In general, deciduous tree and evergreen pruning period should have any different.Deciduous tree winter dormancy, at this moment prunes nutrient
Loss is few, and wound healing is fast.The root of evergreen tree is movable throughout the year with branch and leaf, and metabolism is more than, therefore nutrient is not exclusively used in leaf
In storage, when cutting off branch and leaf, wherein nutrient loss affects arboreal growth.The general evening for having crossed in the winter time in evergreen tree-pruning period
Spring.The main object of clear woods is that light transmission is not strong, and forest land of the canopy density more than 0.3 need to be deferred to during cleaning：Beautification tree
Shape, ratio of coordinating, adjustment tree vigo(u)r, optimization forest land light transmission condition.When pruning to bough and trunk, substep working system can be adopted.
The pruning method of bough：First determine saw kerf, then from require saw kerf to treetop direction extend 20cm away from, from below branch upwards
Saw a kerf, depth is the half of branch rugosity, slightly goes up sawing mouth again in relative direction, and branch is sawed-off, leaves a stub；
Then stub is removed from the saw of kerf on the lower, the copper-bath with 20% is sterilized to saw kerf；The branch base portion of pruning is thick. section
Should not be concordant with raw branch, and outwards slightly tiltedly to avoid section excessive, wound should be caused to be difficult to heal, section is excessive
Saw kerf healing time is slow, artificial into rotting in order to prevent disease pest from invading, and can smear paint or preservative, finally coat at section
Protective agent.
The pruning method of trunk:One otch of bottom-up saw in front of section, saw kerf depth can be in branch l/3 or so.
Then sawing mouth again slightly being gone up in relative direction, when wanting sawed-off, breaking lopping by being touched with handss forward, section is excessive
Saw kerf healing time is slow, artificial into rotting in order to prevent disease pest from invading, and can smear paint or preservative, finally coat at section
Protective agent.
During the pruning of trees, it is also noted that the overall utilization of pruning tool, will be usually for pruning tool
Keep which sharp, for the machinery or stair of running on branch need to carry out corresponding inspection before the use, it is ensured that repairing
Will not be made a difference during cutting safe phenomenon, especially during the use of some edge tools, prevent from as far as possible hindering
And to the person.
The forest moulding of pruning mainly has a ring-type, naturally straight form, many major branch shapes, natural open centre shape etc., and wherein three
What leaf Caulis Akebiae pseudo-wild cultivating was used is two kinds therein：Ring-type and natural open centre shape.Ring-type be without center major branch,
The trunk of only one section of height, is distributed 3～5 major branches on trunk.Uniform be distributed to surrounding, mitogenetic side shoot again on major branch, in whole
Attractive in appearance regular mitogenetic together；Naturally happy type：Without center major branch, branching-point is relatively low, 3～5, major branch, and radiation is distributed in trunk
On, center deployment, center branch be not empty, forms the happy tree crown of nature.Support forest uniform height after pruning be 2m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
More than the why conservative pruning of the excessively tall and big arbors of 50cm, artificial forest can be with all operationss.
The pruning method of bough：First determine saw kerf, then from require saw kerf to treetop direction extend 20cm away from, from branch
Lower section saws a kerf upwards, and depth is the half of branch rugosity, slightly goes up sawing mouth again in relative direction, and branch is sawed-off, stays
One stub；Then stub is removed from the saw of kerf on the lower, the copper-bath with 20% is sterilized to saw kerf；The branch base portion of pruning
Thick. section should not be concordant with raw branch, and outwards slightly tiltedly to avoid section excessive, wound should be caused to be difficult to heal, and cuts
The excessive saw kerf healing time in face is slow, in order to prevent disease pest invade artificial can smear paint or preservative at section into rotting,
Protective agent is finally coated.
The pruning method of trunk:One otch of bottom-up saw in front of section, saw kerf depth can be in branch l/3 or so.
Then sawing mouth again slightly being gone up in relative direction, when wanting sawed-off, breaking lopping by being touched with handss forward, section is excessive
Saw kerf healing time is slow, artificial into rotting in order to prevent disease pest from invading, and can smear paint or preservative, finally coat at section
Protective agent.
4) basal dressing：
Where the support trees back of the body sun after each pruning excavating deep, length with wide specification is：
The plantation cave of 40cmX40cmX20cm, as the topsoil of sylvan life is substantially fallen leaves fertile soil, the fertility of itself enough,
Extra artificial interpolation base manure is not needed, in line with pure natural, ecosystem, imitative wild plantation theory, is gathered materials on the spot, by density mistake
Big thick grass, unaccommodated branch are put into pulverizer and pulverize, and are fostered and apply fertilizer directly as earth's surface is layered on.
Planting density:
Depending on due to pseudo-wild cultivating pattern Main Basiss wildwood, in forest land with bushes, its natural short filling
Wooden, small-sized arbor is all the object which is climbed up by holding on to, and can serve as support column to use, and the density which is cultivated is according to natural trees
Quantity carries out appropriate adjustment, and small-sized arbor is excessive, then can be broken apart by chopping, and increases which and is preced with spoke, control the growth of its trunk, reduces
Canopy density.
Natural slope：
Natural forest land is interacted due to the various factors of nature, and the distribution of plant all has certain depositional gradient
Degree, its drainage condition are good, and the situation for hardly having hydrops occurs, and have saved the expenses such as artificial unpacking, making ridge, it is only necessary to suitable
Landform combing and go out gutter.
Field planting and lead：
Field planting：
The a period of time of the best resident time of threeleaf akebia before temperature starts to get warm again after a cold spell, the winter Mo that tender shoots progressively sprouts
To at the beginning of the spring when.Seedling is being put in the planting hole for having dug together with soil, soil after fixing, is being backfilled again, the handss in backfill
By tight, root system must be allowed to be fully contacted with soil with foot or other instruments by the soil compression around young plant after backfill is good, also
A little ridge need to be played around the young plant that has planted, and after preventing precipitation, the soil of planting pit is sunken the phenomenon for producing hydrops,
After field planting is good, the weeds in its 0.40cm are cleared up one time with Seedling as the center of circle, in case Weeds at seedling growing way crosses the life that contains to seedling
Length is impacted.
Lead：
In natural woodland, after pruning by the branch of supporter closer to the distance with iron wire in succession together, seedling to be colonized
Climb up by holding on to young sprout length to 30cm, take artificial lead, allow young sprout along lead climb up by holding on to prune after forest trunk on, climbing up by holding on to
Lead can be reduced after stem lignifying, can be kept not falling by its own.
In the middle ten days in spring, weeds growing way is vigorous, it is only necessary to remove on plant mound surface and surrounding weeds, leave compared with
After many weeds, topsoil can be caused not exposed, the effect with insulation drought resisting；Meanwhile, need not be large-area in forest land
Middle weeding, can not destroy the crumb structure of soil and the capillary root of threeleaf akebia；Secondly, by removing after weeds take a walk and exist
As fertilizer on mound；In addition, the interplanting for carrying out sylvan life ombrophyte can also effectively reduce weeds.As threeleaf akebia is
Floral leaf need to be topdressed with the farm manure of fermentation with length, this period, to ensure the supply of nutrition, promote the stalwartness of tree body raw
Long.
5) follow-up management：
Weeding is topdressed, insect pest preventing and controlling：
The disease of threeleaf akebia has anthrax, angular leaf spot, Northern leaf spot and root rot etc., needs to be removed with cause of disease in time
The branch of bacterium, strikes off scab, and sprinkling lime sulfur prevents anthrax.
The insect pest of threeleaf akebia has erythroderma leafhopper, red spider, aphid etc., needs to remove worm's ovum, the worm pupa that survives the winter in time.
As the biotic component of pseudo-wild cultivating pattern is complicated, ecosystem is stable, it is difficult to insect pest or disease is broken out, no
Go and buy Chinese medicine, do not apply fertilizer threeleaf akebia well-grown in the same old way.After the tendril lignifying that threeleaf akebia newly goes out, poultry can be put in a suitable place to breed, not only
Unnecessary weeds can be removed, eliminate hiding insect pest protection threeleaf akebia, moreover it is possible to by its Excreta culture fertility, increase soil
Earth organic matter.
Draws climing beta pruning：
Many rattan young sprouts can be born when threeleaf akebia growth is vigorous, rattan is divided into two kinds：Climbing stem and stolon, crawl
Crawl stem is close to the ground growth, meets section to take root, not result；Climbing stem grows on the sunny side, brachyplast result, and long shoot not result, therefore at which
Growth period needs to wipe out its stolon and unnecessary long shoot, prevents the irrational distribution condition of trunk infusion, towards people
The direction of setting utilizes.
6) pseudo-wild cultivating of the invention and artificial culture total sugar, total acid and sugar-acid ratio：
Embodiment：3 samples are gathered respectively from 5 threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating bases, and each sample weighs 5 jin, 15 altogether
Sample, the fruit that sends to are sent to academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan Province and carry out the measure of total sugar content, and by its Superior line with artificial growth
Carry out the comparison of total sugar content and total acid content.
By upper table it is known that the total sugar content of pseudo-wild cultivating is apparently higher than traditional cultivation, and the value of sugar-acid ratio is close to
Its twice, it can therefore be seen that pseudo-wild cultivating is effective for total sugar accumulation of fruit with the raising of sugar-acid ratio.
The input that pre- preventing disease and pest expense will be greatly reduced by the pseudo-wild cultivating of the present invention, original steady using which
Fixed ecosystem, constitutes to maintain the ability of its pest-resistant, disease resistance from the food chain of ecosystem itself, in case species are excessively
Single disease and insect pest so as to break out pandemic, just controls rice blast using the numerous in variety of Oryza sativa L. come property in Yunnan,
And obtain 6.5%～9.7% volume increase；
The present invention supplements the blank present situation of rear management method in current threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating, solves imitative open country
In raw cultivation, plant can not the healthy and strong problem that grows up, pest and disease damage easily occurs；
By the present invention only need to using existing short shrub tree crown and suitably prune after artificial forest tree crown be
Pseudo-wild cultivating provides supporter；
By the present invention solve in present pseudo-wild cultivating as supporter trees tree-like do not beautify, canopy density parameter
Fuzzy, ecology prevents pest and disease damage and how to adjust the problem of the growing way of trees, and the support height of crop after pruning is in 2m, closing
Spend 0.10～0.25；
Fertilizer in traditional standardized cultivation mode, pesticide, labour cost need not be put into by the present invention, in maximum journey
Blend with original environment on degree, the nutrient formed after the branch and Leaf Litter Decomposition of the building crushing ditch that rely on its original plant
Constitute substance circulation, so as to ensure threeleaf akebia normally growth with solid, fully embody ecosystem, green, have
The retrospective Ecological Concept of machine, meets the consumption demand in market；
By the pseudo-wild cultivating of the present invention for the solid native, water conservation and soil fertilities in mountain area are notable；Development space is wide, dives
Power is huge, is not limited to the arable land of flat-bottomed land and middle alpine region, and this kind of pattern can fully some idle barren hills
Shrub, plantation are vitalized, allow its original without output on the basis of realize have output, be a process from scratch.
Total sugar content by the pseudo-wild cultivating pseudo-wild cultivating of the present invention is apparently higher than traditional cultivation, and sugar-acid ratio
Value is close to its twice, for total sugar accumulation of fruit is effective with the raising of sugar-acid ratio；
By the threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating of the present invention compared with traditional normal cultivation with multiple advantages, the present invention
Abundant profit simultaneously incorporates existing resource, allows which to flow to the direction beneficial to the mankind；With pure natural, ecosystem, green organically
Theory is to plant the demand that core meets modern consumption colony；In addition, for the agricultural industry of middle high mountain be a kind of strong benefit
Fill, for low input, have the middle high mountain agricultural industry development of output significant.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not in order to limit the present invention, all in essence of the invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement that is made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. in a kind of threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating follow-up management method, it is characterised in that the threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating
The method of middle follow-up management is comprised the following steps：
Weeding is fostered and apply fertilizer：In the middle ten days in spring, remove the weeds of plant mound surface and surrounding, by removing after weeds be dispersed in soil
On heap, natural putrid fermentation is used as fertilizer；Discarded branch after by pruning pulverizer crushes unified putrid fermentation, the branch of crushing
Bar moisture content 40%, the crushing 2～5mm of length of branch, directly imposes on the ground around plant after the branch complete fermentation of crushing
On as fertilizer；
Insect pest preventing and controlling：Wipe out the branch with pathogen in time and concentrate burning disposal, while will also strike off scab, spray stone sulfur
Mixture prevents anthrax, and for worm's ovum, the worm pupa that survives the winter removed by the region needs that insect pest occurs, the growing area for having fence is taken and put
Support the family fowl, in order to eliminate hiding insect pest；
Draws climing beta pruning：After the Seeding planting of threeleaf akebia, after the length of climbing stem reaches 30cm, purple is selected, thick
, two good climbing stems of growing way are placed on load-bearing wood using the artificial method wound with handss, remaining climbing stem and are crawled
Stem is all rejected, and for the tendril for having climbed up by holding on to upper tree needs to wipe out the long shoot of the excessive growth of its side life, leaves yield positive results short
Branch；
Mound layering：The stolon for growing out in the age of tree plant near-earth portion of more than 3 years can treat that branch lignifying, diameter reach
New explant is bred after more than 0.5cm by the way of press strip；
Forest interplanting：For the region for not putting poultry in a suitable place to breed can carry out the interplanting of the cloudy crop of sylvan life happiness, such as Rhizoma Paridis, Herba Dendrobii.
2. in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating as claimed in claim 1 follow-up management method, it is characterised in that the SANYE
Need to carry out place election, soil selection, clear woods, field planting, lead in Caulis Akebiae pseudo-wild cultivating before follow-up management.
3. in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating as claimed in claim 2 follow-up management method, it is characterised in that the place
System of selection is：
First have to the location for avoiding polluter；
Secondly, near water source, or an outlet is arranged by water pipe guiding, plant place periphery build tractor road and
The edge in plantation place needs to encircle and hunt down wall, furthermore selects water stain-free, without low-lying, well-drained location, and selects canopy density to exist
Between 0.10～0.25, shrub and arbor mix sparse woods hillside fields or the cheuch of friendship, the selection of the gradient between 15 degree to 30 degree, field
Ground is selected in the place of below height above sea level 2300m；
Soil system of selection is：
Select half Yin Shanpo of fertile soil, bushes, mountain region woods；Topsoil for slant acidity fertile soil, pH value be 5.0～
6.5,2.0%～2.7%, 0.12%～0.15%, soil density mostly is and contains sandy soil N content the content of organic matter,
Soil moisture in layer 25%～32%, red soil or yellow earth of the cubsoil for chiltern, many granite of matrix, shale and limestone；
It is better than the yellow earth of viscosity by chiltern fallen leaves fertile soil better than chiltern yellow earth or red soil when the soil is selected or red soil principle is selected
Soil；
The method of clear woods is comprised the following steps：
Arrange miscellaneous branch first, adjustment secondly from top to bottom is tree-like, carry out unrestrained, trees are changed in then will be from top to bottom cut, and enter
Row is pruned；Processing is finally checked.
4. in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating as claimed in claim 3 follow-up management method, it is characterised in that arrange miscellaneous branch
Method is：Sprig after first bough, first top branch rear lower branch, peripheral branch after first interior thorax branch；
Pruning method is：Shrub and hedge trimmer direct shearing is used to withe when pruning；When to bough and stem pruning, using substep operation
Method, concretely comprises the following steps：
The pruning method of bough：First determine saw kerf, then from require saw kerf to treetop direction extend 20cm away from, from below branch
A kerf is sawed upwards, and depth is the half of branch rugosity, slightly goes up sawing mouth again in relative direction, and branch is sawed-off, leaves one
Stub；Then stub is removed from the saw of kerf on the lower, the branch base portion of pruning is thick, section should not be concordant with raw branch, uses
20% copper-bath is sterilized to saw kerf；
The pruning method of trunk：One otch of bottom-up saw in front of section, saw kerf depth can be in branch l/3 or so. and then
Sawing mouth again is slightly gone up in relative direction, when wanting sawed-off, lopping, the excessive saw kerf in section by being touched with handss forward, is broken
Healing time is slow, need to be carried out disinfection with 20% copper sulfate and finally coat protective agent, to prevent from infecting.
5. in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating as claimed in claim 3 follow-up management method, it is characterised in that the adjustment
Afterwards tree-like is for ring-type and natural open centre shape.
6. in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating as claimed in claim 2 follow-up management method, it is characterised in that threeleaf akebia
A period of time before temperature starts to get warm again after a cold spell, the winter Mo that tender shoots progressively sprouts were colonized at the beginning to the spring, and the threeleaf akebia is imitated
The method being colonized in wild cultivating is to comprise the following steps：
Seedling quality division is carried out, 30～50 plants/acre of planting density is determined；
Excavate planting hole：Planting hole, the length and width of planting hole are excavated where the support trees back of the body sun 30cm after each pruning
Deep specification is respectively 40cm × 40cm × 20cm；
Seedling band soil is put in planting hole, soil after fixing, is backfilled again；After backfill is good, by the Seedling of plantation with handing up one
Carry, then again by soil compression, and Seedling Weeds Around is removed；
Enclose soil and play heap, the soil around young plant of the field planting after good is accumulated as a circular mound, and 20cm above ground level, is prevented
The young plant of new plant runs into heavy rain soil layer has gap to cause the hydrops that sink；
Combing goes out gutter, and the width of free drainage Tu Gou is 20cm, and depth is 30cm.
7. in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating as claimed in claim 6 follow-up management method, it is characterised in that the cultivation of excavation
Plant hole length and width, depth are respectively：40cmx40cmx20cm.
8. in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating as claimed in claim 6 follow-up management method, it is characterised in that fertilizer application method
For：The branch got off after weeds excessive for plant week variable density and clear woods are pruned is put into pulverizer and crushes directly as base manure
Being layered on mound surface carries out natural fostering and apply fertilizer；
Natural support wood moulding adjustment method be：Excessive small-sized arbor is broken apart by chopping, is increased the hat spoke of remaining trees and is passed through
The artificial density for pruning adjustment branch, its canopy density is controlled 0.1～0.25.
9. in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating as claimed in claim 6 follow-up management method, it is characterised in that by seedling band
Soil is put in the planting hole for having dug together, and the concrete grammar for backfilling soil again after fixing and being compacted is：
Seedling is put in the planting hole for having dug together with soil, soil after fixing, is backfilled again, in backfill with handss by tight, backfill
Root system is allowed to be fully contacted with soil, in the young plant that has planted the soil compression around young plant with foot or other instruments after good
A hill of surrounding, prevents new soil from meeting the situation of the sagging hydrops of rain appearance.
10. in threeleaf akebia pseudo-wild cultivating as claimed in claim 2 follow-up management method, it is characterised in that described three
In leaf Caulis Akebiae pseudo-wild cultivating, draws climing method is：
In the natural woodland of middle high mountain, using the method for artificial draws climing；Young sprout length is climbed up by holding on to 50cm after field planting seedling, used
Handss are lightly rolled up nigh seeking connections with plant by young sprout.
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| CN109601234A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-12 | 南京苏台农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae |
| CN111492888A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-07 | 华宁鑫梨泉实业有限公司 | Cultivation method for high-quality akebia stems seedlings |
| CN111512897A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-08-11 | 光泽县嘉禾种植专业合作社 | Subsequent management method for cultivation of akebia quinata |
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