CN109601234A - A kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae Download PDFInfo
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- CN109601234A CN109601234A CN201910085781.1A CN201910085781A CN109601234A CN 109601234 A CN109601234 A CN 109601234A CN 201910085781 A CN201910085781 A CN 201910085781A CN 109601234 A CN109601234 A CN 109601234A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae, including base selection and method for sorting, sprigging method, water and fertilizer management method, frame branch, trimming and weeding management method, insect pest preventing and controlling management method and collecting method.The present invention carries out suitable arrangement to hillside forest land, forest is adjusted and is trimmed, it is blended to the full extent with original natural environment, dark and damp growing environment is provided for caulis akebiae, soil is improved using the base manure of Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, indolebutyric acid and the mixing of EM microbial bacteria simultaneously, increases the organic matter in hillside forest land, promotes the growth and breeding of caulis akebiae, it is capable of the plant of sustainable utilization caulis akebiae, improves the utilization rate and yield of caulis akebiae plant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods of caulis akebiae, belong to planting technology field.
Background technique
Caulis akebiae is Lardizabalaceae, Akebia fallen leaves bejuco.Originate in each provinces and regions in the Yangtze river basin.Be born in height above sea level 300~
In 1500 meters of mountainous region bushes, border and cheuch.Japan and Korea are distributed.Its stem, root and fruit are medicinal, have diuresis,
The effect of promoting lactation, anti-inflammatory, controlling rheumathritis and pain in the loins.Caulis akebiae is liana prehensile plant, and in 4~May of florescence, flower is born in contracting
On short side shoot, flower is slightly fragrant, has very high ornamental value.Its fruiting period is 6~August, and fruit is 5~8 centimetres long, diameter 3~4
Centimetre, pericarp purple when mature, inside has the pulp of white, succulence, and fruity sweet tea is edible, and seed can extract oil, and can make fertilizer
Soap has very high economic value.
Threeleaf akebia, property happiness is dark and damp, relatively more cold-resistant, is frequently grown in the hayashishita thick grass of low altitude area hillside, in slightly sour, more humics
Well-grown in the yellow earth of matter, also adapts to neutral soil.
Based on more or wild at present, but since the destruction of ecological environment and the picking of predation formula are excavated, the resource of caulis akebiae
Increasingly it reduces, therefore is unable to satisfy the market demand, be also unfavorable for the protection of wild resource.Therefore a kind of caulis akebiae of standardization is needed
Artificial cultivation method, while hillside forest land is rationally utilized, the utilization rate and sustainable development in soil are improved, environment is protected, prevents water
Soil flow is lost, and ecological environment sustainable development is made.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above existing problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of cultural methods of caulis akebiae, rationally utilize hillside
The utilization rate in plant and soil is improved in forest land, reduces production cost, while protecting wild plant resource, preserves the ecological environment, and prevents
Only soil erosion.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae, including base are selected
It selects and method for sorting, sprigging method, water and fertilizer management method, frame branch, trimming and weeding management method, insect pest preventing and controlling manager
Method and collecting method, specifically includes the following steps:
The selection of the planting base and method for sorting are as follows:
(1) selection in base: selection ventilation, half negative light transmission, towards east orientation sun, gradient hillside forest land, soil property is fertile, soil layer compared with
Thickness has irrigation conditions and convenient conditions of transportation with good；
(2) base arranges: arranging first to the trees in hillside forest land, removal of impurities branch, weeds twigs of the chaste tree etc. is removed, then under
Carry out unrestrained to upper adjustment is tree-like, then cutting from top to bottom change trees and trimmed, and then soil is deep ploughed, depth of turning soil of deep ploughing
For 30~50cm, weeds twigs of the chaste tree root system, stone etc. are removed, base manure is then uniformly sprinkled into, carries out deep ploughing 2~3 times, deep ploughing is uniform；
(3) tree-like trimming: trees are that living body climbs object, carry out tree-like trimming in annual November~December, according to
Trees kind is routinely trimmed；
The sprigging method is as follows:
(1) it digs planting hole: digging 30~35cm of diameter, deep 25~30cm at 35~40cm of trees surrounding after each trimming
Planting pit planting hole, and the shortest distance is 55~60cm at the arc edge of two planting holes, first apply 2 in planting hole~
The farm organic fertilizer of 3cm, then in the soil for being laid with 2~3cm；
(2) seedling cultivation: planting during the first tenday period of a month in late March to April, the fine day sun in afternoon deflection or cloudy day when kind
It plants, selects without aging, disease-free, without withered high 35~40cm seedling, each planting hole transplants 2 plants of caulis akebiae seedling, will be young
Seedling band soil is put into planting hole, and seedlings root is unfolded, and backfills remaining soil, and gently mentioning seedling is close to root system with soil, soil
Having peace of mind is filled and led up, water penetration is then poured；Preventing from encountering heavy rain urgency rain soil layer has gap to cause the ponding that sink, and digs draining Tu Gou, wide
Degree is 20~25cm, and depth is 30~35cm.
The water and fertilizer management method is as follows:
(1) it water management: is watered using sprinkling irrigation mode, it then follows the principle that arid watering, waterlogging caused by excessive rain drain, the timely row of irrigation
Water, spring and autumn 30~45d/ times, winter 40~60/ times, summer 20~30d/ times, while wet season of summer arrive before to gutter and
Shi Jinhang cleaning, excludes ponding in time；
(2) fertilizer management: after field planting, first time topdressing after 20~30d applies nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium slow-release fertilizer every plant of two sides, applies
Dosage is 0.1~0.12kg/ plants, applies nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, rudiment mid-February, and applied amount is 0.1~0.13kg/ plants, March
The last ten-days period apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, primary growth, and applied amount is 0.13~0.15kg/ plants, and June~July adds azophoska
Hefei, mid-term growth, applied amount is 0.17~0.2kg/ plants, aforementioned to pour small water, send fertilizer with water；Autumn is additional containing humic acid
Water soluble fertilizer, applied amount are 0.12~0.15kg/ plants；Winter applies Water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, and applied amount is 0.05~0.08kg/
Strain；
The frame branch, trimming and herbicidal methods are as follows:
(1) frame branch is trimmed: after the length of climbing stem reaches 65cm, select purple, coarse, growing way is good two climb
Edge stem, artificial winding are placed in living body and climb on object, and remaining climbing stem and stolon are all rejected, for having climbed up by holding on to
The tendril that upper living body climbs object needs to wipe out the long shoot of the raw excessive growth in its side, leaves the brachyplast item yielded positive results；
(2) trimming management: based on pruning off, the trimming time after plant fallen leaves 2~3 weeks to next year bleeding it is preceding
Winter pruning is carried out, but should be trimmed in mid-February and terminate be advisable, when trimming, clip is from 2~3cm of bud eye, and fruitful branch is with poppyhead bud
As a result based on, from not staying side shoot in earth's surface 40cm frame face；
(3) weeding management: keep loosing soil without miscellaneous plant within the scope of caulis akebiae plant, every 4~6 months periodically to field
Weeding is carried out, weeding is deep-controlled in 8~12cm；
The insect pest preventing and controlling management method is as follows:
Insect pest preventing and controlling management: wiping out the branch with illness, scab in time, and the quick lime that spray concentration is 2~3% disappears
Viral disease cave, control infect, and carry out fence in growing area, carry out putting poultry in a suitable place to breed, to eliminate hiding insect pest；
The collecting method is as follows:
Harvesting: the harvesting of mid-September to early October is suitable for harvesting in fine day, when harvesting should it is high from basal part of stem by about 20~
It is cut at 25cm, and stays the maternal plant base portion and root of no wound, next year maternal plant can grow a large amount of young sprouts from base portion, repair to young sprout
It cuts, leaves brachyplast item 2~3 to yield positive results.
Preferably, the threeleaf akebia or caulis akebiae of caulis akebiae seedling selection dark green leaf color, disease-free leaf branch, health of root.
Preferably, the pH value for controlling soil is 6~6.5, and using content is that 2~3% sulphur waters are adjusted in a manner of spraying.
Preferably, the base manure is Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, indolebutyric acid and the EM for being 100:0.5:0.02 by weight ratio
The mixture of microbial bacteria.
Preferably, farm organic fertilizer is one kind of decomposed pig manure, decomposed chicken manure or decomposed cow dung.
Preferably, the poultry put in a suitable place to breed selects chicken or duck.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the present invention selects hillside forest land, rationally utilizes resource, improves the utilization rate in soil, preserve the ecological environment, prevent
Soil erosion；The present invention carries out suitable arrangement to hillside forest land, is adjusted and trims to forest, to the full extent with original
Some natural environments blend, and dark and damp growing environment are provided for caulis akebiae, while using Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, indolebutyric acid
Improve soil with the base manure of EM microbial bacteria mixing, increases the organic matter in hillside forest land, promote the growth and breeding of caulis akebiae, it can
The plant of sustainable utilization caulis akebiae reduces production cost.
2, the present invention also standardizes the sprigging of caulis akebiae, required liquid manure, insect pest preventing and controlling, trimming of climing branch etc.
Plantation and management, enable caulis akebiae plant sustainable utilization, improve the utilization rate and yield of caulis akebiae plant, realize the artificial rule of caulis akebiae
Generalized plantation, reduces production cost, increases economic efficiency.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the present invention with specific embodiment below, but is not the limitation to invention.
In embodiment 1- embodiment 3, the pH value for controlling soil is 6~6.5, and using content is 2~3% sulphur waters to spray
Mode adjust.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment, the gradient be 18.6% hillside forest land cultivate dark green leaf color, disease-free leaf branch, health of root three
For leaf caulis akebiae, the cultural method of caulis akebiae, including base selection and method for sorting, sprigging method, water and fertilizer management method, frame
Branch, trimming and weeding management method, insect pest preventing and controlling management method, and harvest and stay pocket method, specifically includes the following steps:
The selection of the planting base and method for sorting are as follows:
(1) selection in base: selection ventilation, half negative light transmission, towards east orientation sun, gradient hillside forest land, soil property is fertile, soil layer compared with
Thickness has irrigation conditions and convenient conditions of transportation with good；
(2) base arranges: arranging first to the trees in hillside forest land, removal of impurities branch, weeds twigs of the chaste tree etc. is removed, then under
Carry out unrestrained to upper adjustment is tree-like, then cutting from top to bottom change trees and trimmed, and then soil is deep ploughed, depth of turning soil of deep ploughing
For 30~50cm, weeds twigs of the chaste tree root system, stone etc. are removed, being then uniformly sprinkled by weight ratio is 100:0.5:0.02 containing humic
The base manure of sour Water soluble fertilizer, indolebutyric acid and the mixing of EM microbial bacteria, carries out deep ploughing 2~3 times, and deep ploughing is uniform；
(3) tree-like trimming: trees are that living body climbs object, carry out tree-like trimming in annual November~December, according to
Trees kind is routinely trimmed；
The sprigging method is as follows:
(1) it digs planting hole: digging 30~35cm of diameter, deep 25~30cm at 35~40cm of trees surrounding after each trimming
Planting pit planting hole, and at the arc edge of two planting holes the shortest distance be 55~60cm, first apply 2cm's in planting hole
The decomposed pig manure of farm organic fertilizer, then in the soil for being laid with 2cm；
(2) seedling cultivation: planting in late March, and when fine day sun in afternoon deflection plants, selection without aging, it is disease-free,
Seedling without withered high 35~40cm, each planting hole transplant 2 plants of caulis akebiae seedling, and seedling band soil is put into planting hole, and
Seedlings root is unfolded, backfills remaining soil, gently mentioning seedling is close to root system with soil, and soil is filled and led up having peace of mind, then pours water penetration；
Preventing from encountering heavy rain urgency rain soil layer has gap to cause the ponding that sink, and digs draining Tu Gou, and width is 20~25cm, and depth is 30~
35cm。
The water and fertilizer management method is as follows:
(1) it water management: is watered using sprinkling irrigation mode, it then follows the principle that arid watering, waterlogging caused by excessive rain drain, the timely row of irrigation
Water, spring and autumn 30~45d/ times, winter 40~60/ times, summer 20~30d/ times, while wet season of summer arrive before to gutter and
Shi Jinhang cleaning, excludes ponding in time；
(2) fertilizer management: after field planting, first time topdressing after 23d applies nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium slow-release fertilizer, applied amount every plant of two sides
It is 112~118g/ plants, applies nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, rudiment mid-February, applied amount is 103~120g/ plants, and late March applies
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, primary growth, at the beginning of applied amount is 130~140g/ plants, 6 months plus nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mid-term growth apply
Amount is 182~193g/ plants, aforementioned to pour small water, send fertilizer with water；Autumn adds Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, applied amount for 134~
146g/ plants；Winter applies Water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, and applied amount is 63~75g/ plants；
The frame branch, trimming and herbicidal methods are as follows:
(1) frame branch is trimmed: after the length of climbing stem reaches 65cm, select purple, coarse, growing way is good two climb
Edge stem, artificial winding are placed in living body and climb on object, and remaining climbing stem and stolon are all rejected, for having climbed up by holding on to
The tendril that upper living body climbs object needs to wipe out the long shoot of the raw excessive growth in its side, leaves the brachyplast item yielded positive results；
(2) trimming management: based on pruning off, the trimming time after plant fallen leaves 3 weeks to next year bleeding it is preceding can be into
Row winter pruning terminates in trimming by the end of January, when trimming, clip from 2~3cm of bud eye, fruitful branch based on poppyhead bud result, from
Earth's surface 40cm frame does not stay side shoot in face；
(3) weeding management: keep loosing soil without miscellaneous plant within the scope of caulis akebiae plant, every 4~6 months periodically to field
Weeding is carried out, weeding is deep-controlled in 8~12cm；
The insect pest preventing and controlling management method is as follows:
Insect pest preventing and controlling management: wiping out the branch with illness, scab in time, and the quick lime that spray concentration is 2~3% disappears
Viral disease cave, control infect, and carry out fence in growing area, carry out putting chicken poultry in a suitable place to breed, to eliminate hiding insect pest, mention for growing area
For fertility；
It is described to harvest and stay pocket method as follows:
Harvesting: harvesting mid-September should be cut in the suitable harvesting of fine day, harvesting at about 20~25cm high from basal part of stem, and
The maternal plant base portion and root of no wound are stayed, next year maternal plant can grow a large amount of young sprouts from base portion, trim to young sprout, leave and yield positive results
Brachyplast item 2~3.
In the present embodiment, 2015~2018 years be 18.6% in the gradient hillside forest land threeleaf akebia, the 1st year, it is average at
Motility rate 99.1%, rate of falling ill is less than 1.45%；Start within 2nd year as a result, average survival 99.3%, rate of falling ill less than 1.40%,
Average every per mu yield 426.3kg, the 3rd year, average survival 99.1%, rate of falling ill was less than 1.42%, average every per mu yield of harvesting
632.1kg is measured, the good harvest phase was initially entered from the 4th year, average survival 99.5%, less than 1.02%, harvesting is averaged rate of falling ill
Every per mu yield 1525.9kg.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment, the gradient be 25.2% hillside forest land cultivate dark green leaf color, disease-free leaf branch, health of root three
For leaf caulis akebiae, the cultural method of caulis akebiae, including base selection and method for sorting, sprigging method, water and fertilizer management method, frame
Branch, trimming and weeding management method, insect pest preventing and controlling management method harvest and stay pocket method, specifically includes the following steps:
The selection of the planting base and method for sorting are as follows:
(1) selection in base: selection ventilation, half negative light transmission, towards east orientation sun, gradient hillside forest land, soil property is fertile, soil layer compared with
Thickness has irrigation conditions and convenient conditions of transportation with good；
(2) base arranges: arranging first to the trees in hillside forest land, removal of impurities branch, weeds twigs of the chaste tree etc. is removed, then under
Carry out unrestrained to upper adjustment is tree-like, then cutting from top to bottom change trees and trimmed, and then soil is deep ploughed, depth of turning soil of deep ploughing
For 30~50cm, weeds twigs of the chaste tree root system, stone etc. are removed, being then uniformly sprinkled by weight ratio is 100:0.5:0.02 containing humic
The base manure of sour Water soluble fertilizer, indolebutyric acid and the mixing of EM microbial bacteria, carries out deep ploughing 2~3 times, and deep ploughing is uniform；
(3) tree-like trimming: trees are that living body climbs object, carry out tree-like trimming in annual November~December, according to
Trees kind is routinely trimmed；
The sprigging method is as follows:
(1) it digs planting hole: digging 30~35cm of diameter, deep 25~30cm at 35~40cm of trees surrounding after each trimming
Planting pit planting hole, and at the arc edge of two planting holes the shortest distance be 55~60cm, first apply 2cm's in planting hole
The decomposed pig manure of farm organic fertilizer, then in the soil for being laid with 2cm；
(2) seedling cultivation: planting in late March, plant when cloudy, selects to wither without aging, disease-free, nothing high by 35
The seedling of~40cm, each planting hole transplant 2 plants of caulis akebiae seedling, seedling band soil are put into planting hole, and seedlings root is relaxed
Exhibition backfills remaining soil, and gently mentioning seedling is close to root system with soil, and soil is filled and led up having peace of mind, then pours water penetration；It prevents from encountering heavy rain
Anxious rain soil layer has gap to cause the ponding that sink, and digs draining Tu Gou, and width is 20~25cm, and depth is 30~35cm.
The water and fertilizer management method is as follows:
(1) it water management: is watered using sprinkling irrigation mode, it then follows the principle that arid watering, waterlogging caused by excessive rain drain, the timely row of irrigation
Water, spring and autumn 30~45d/ times, winter 40~60/ times, summer 20~30d/ times, while wet season of summer arrive before to gutter and
Shi Jinhang cleaning, excludes ponding in time；
(2) fertilizer management: after field planting, first time topdressing after 27d applies nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium slow-release fertilizer, applied amount every plant of two sides
It is 115~120g/ plants, applies nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, rudiment mid-February, applied amount is 110~120g/ plants, and late March applies
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, primary growth, at the beginning of applied amount is 130~140g/ plants, 7 months plus nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, mid-term growth apply
Amount is 180~198g/ plants, aforementioned to pour small water, send fertilizer with water；Autumn adds Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, applied amount for 142~
150g/ plants；Winter applies Water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, and applied amount is 68~76g/ plants；
The frame branch, trimming and herbicidal methods are as follows:
(1) frame branch is trimmed: after the length of climbing stem reaches 65cm, select purple, coarse, growing way is good two climb
Edge stem, artificial winding are placed in living body and climb on object, and remaining climbing stem and stolon are all rejected, for having climbed up by holding on to
The tendril that upper living body climbs object needs to wipe out the long shoot of the raw excessive growth in its side, leaves the brachyplast item yielded positive results；
(2) trimming management: based on pruning off, the trimming time after plant fallen leaves 3 weeks to next year bleeding it is preceding can be into
Row winter pruning terminates in trimming by the end of January, when trimming, clip from 2~3cm of bud eye, fruitful branch based on poppyhead bud result, from
Earth's surface 40cm frame does not stay side shoot in face；
(3) weeding management: keep loosing soil without miscellaneous plant within the scope of caulis akebiae plant, every 4~6 months periodically to field
Weeding is carried out, weeding is deep-controlled in 8~12cm；
The insect pest preventing and controlling management method is as follows:
Insect pest preventing and controlling management: wiping out the branch with illness, scab in time, and the quick lime that spray concentration is 2~3% disappears
Viral disease cave, control infect, and carry out fence in growing area, carry out putting chicken poultry in a suitable place to breed, to eliminate hiding insect pest, mention for growing area
For fertility；
It is described to harvest and stay pocket method as follows:
(1) harvest: harvesting mid-September should be cut in the suitable harvesting of fine day, harvesting at about 20~25cm high from basal part of stem
It is disconnected, and the maternal plant base portion and root of no wound are stayed, next year maternal plant can grow a large amount of young sprouts from base portion, trim, leave out to young sprout
Brachyplast item 2~3 of flower result.
In the present embodiment, 2015~2018 years be 25.2% in the gradient hillside forest land threeleaf akebia, the 1st year, it is average at
Motility rate: 99.0%, rate of falling ill is less than 1.58%；Start to harvest within 2nd year, average survival 99.0%, rate of falling ill less than 1.51%,
Average every per mu yield 422.9kg, the 3rd year, average survival 99.1%, rate of falling ill was less than 1.46%, average every per mu yield of harvesting
631.4kg is measured, the good harvest phase was initially entered from the 4th year, average survival 99.4%, less than 1.01%, harvesting is averaged rate of falling ill
Every per mu yield 1525.1kg.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment, the gradient be 31.7% hillside forest land cultivate dark green leaf color, disease-free leaf branch, health of root it is white
For caulis akebiae, the cultural method of caulis akebiae, including base selection and method for sorting, sprigging method, water and fertilizer management method, frame
Branch, trimming and weeding management method, insect pest preventing and controlling management method harvest and stay pocket method, specifically includes the following steps:
The selection of the planting base and method for sorting are as follows:
(1) selection in base: selection ventilation, half negative light transmission, towards east orientation sun, gradient hillside forest land, soil property is fertile, soil layer compared with
Thickness has irrigation conditions and convenient conditions of transportation with good；
(2) base arranges: arranging first to the trees in hillside forest land, removal of impurities branch, weeds twigs of the chaste tree etc. is removed, then under
Carry out unrestrained to upper adjustment is tree-like, then cutting from top to bottom change trees and trimmed, and then soil is deep ploughed, depth of turning soil of deep ploughing
For 30~50cm, weeds twigs of the chaste tree root system, stone etc. are removed, being then uniformly sprinkled by weight ratio is 100:0.5:0.02 containing humic
The base manure of sour Water soluble fertilizer, indolebutyric acid and the mixing of EM microbial bacteria, carries out deep ploughing 2~3 times, and deep ploughing is uniform；
(3) tree-like trimming: trees are that living body climbs object, carry out tree-like trimming in annual November~December, according to
Trees kind is routinely trimmed；
The sprigging method is as follows:
(1) it digs planting hole: digging 30~35cm of diameter, deep 25~30cm at 35~40cm of trees surrounding after each trimming
Planting pit planting hole, and the shortest distance is 55~60cm at the arc edge of two planting holes, first apply 2 in planting hole~
The decomposed cow dung of the farm organic fertilizer of 3cm, then in the soil for being laid with 2~3cm；
(2) seedling cultivation: planting during the first tenday period of a month in April, plant when cloudy, selects to wither without aging, disease-free, nothing
The seedling of high 35~40cm, each planting hole transplant 2 plants of caulis akebiae seedling, seedling band soil are put into planting hole, and seedling root
System unfolds, and backfills remaining soil, gently mentioning seedling is close to root system with soil, and soil is filled and led up having peace of mind, then pours water penetration；It prevents from encountering
Heavy rain urgency rain soil layer has gap to cause the ponding that sink, and digs draining Tu Gou, and width is 20~25cm, and depth is 30~35cm.
The water and fertilizer management method is as follows:
(1) it water management: is watered using sprinkling irrigation mode, it then follows the principle that arid watering, waterlogging caused by excessive rain drain, the timely row of irrigation
Water, spring and autumn 30~45d/ times, winter 40~60/ times, summer 20~30d/ times, while wet season of summer arrive before to gutter and
Shi Jinhang cleaning, excludes ponding in time；
(2) fertilizer management: after field planting, first time topdressing after 26d applies nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium slow-release fertilizer, applied amount every plant of two sides
It is 102~120g/ plants, applies nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, rudiment mid-February, applied amount is 100~125g/ plants, and late March applies
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, primary growth, applied amount are 130~150g/ plants, add nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer mid-June, and mid-term growth is applied
Dosage is 172~200g/ plants, aforementioned to pour small water, send fertilizer with water；Autumn adds Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, applied amount 124
~148g/ plants；Winter applies Water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, and applied amount is 70~80g/ plants；
The frame branch, trimming and herbicidal methods are as follows:
(1) frame branch is trimmed: after the length of climbing stem reaches 65cm, select purple, coarse, growing way is good two climb
Edge stem, artificial winding are placed in living body and climb on object, and remaining climbing stem and stolon are all rejected, for having climbed up by holding on to
The tendril that upper living body climbs object needs to wipe out the long shoot of the raw excessive growth in its side, leaves the brachyplast item yielded positive results；
(2) trimming management: based on pruning off, the trimming time after plant fallen leaves 3 weeks to next year bleeding it is preceding can be into
Row winter pruning, trimming at the beginning of 2 months terminates, when trimming, clip from 2~3cm of bud eye, fruitful branch based on poppyhead bud result, from
Earth's surface 40cm frame does not stay side shoot in face；
(3) weeding management: keep loosing soil without miscellaneous plant within the scope of caulis akebiae plant, every 4~6 months periodically to field
Weeding is carried out, weeding is deep-controlled in 8~12cm；
The insect pest preventing and controlling management method is as follows:
Insect pest preventing and controlling management: wiping out the branch with illness, scab in time, and the quick lime that spray concentration is 2~3% disappears
Viral disease cave, control infect, and carry out fence in growing area, carry out putting chicken in a suitable place to breed, to eliminate hiding insect pest, provide fertilizer for growing area
Power；
It is described to harvest and stay pocket method as follows:
(1) harvest: late September harvesting should be cut in the suitable harvesting of fine day, harvesting at about 20~25cm high from basal part of stem
It is disconnected, and the maternal plant base portion and root of no wound are stayed, next year maternal plant can grow a large amount of young sprouts from base portion, trim, leave out to young sprout
Brachyplast item 2~3 of flower result.
In the present embodiment, 2015~2018 years are 31.7% hillside forest land caulis akebiae in the gradient, the 1st year, are averagely survived
Rate: 98.9%, rate of falling ill is less than 1.35%；Start to harvest within 2nd year, average survival 99.2%, rate of falling ill is put down less than 1.51%
Every per mu yield 423.2kg, the 3rd year, average survival 98.8%, rate of falling ill was less than 1.47%, average every per mu yield of harvesting
632.4kg initially entered the good harvest phase from the 4th year, and average survival 99.5%, for rate of falling ill less than 1.04%, being averaged for harvesting is every
Per mu yield 1523.5kg.
In conclusion cultural method of the invention is conducive to the growth of caulis akebiae, the artificial standardization of threeleaf akebia is realized
Plantation improves the utilization rate and yield of caulis akebiae plant.
Finally it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, although reference
Above-described embodiment describes the invention in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that can still carry out to the present invention
Modification or equivalent replacement should all cover without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, or any substitutions
In scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae, including base selection and method for sorting, sprigging method, water and fertilizer management method, frame
Branch, trimming and weeding management method, insect pest preventing and controlling management method and collecting method, which is characterized in that specifically include following step
It is rapid:
The selection of the planting base and method for sorting are as follows:
(1) selection in base: selection ventilation, half negative light transmission, towards east orientation sun, gradient hillside forest land, soil property is fertile, thicker soil,
There are irrigation conditions and convenient conditions of transportation with good；
(2) base arranges: arranging first to the trees in hillside forest land, removes removal of impurities branch, weeds twigs of the chaste tree etc., then from top to bottom
Adjustment it is tree-like carry out unrestrained, then cutting from top to bottom change trees and trimmed, and then soil is deep ploughed, and deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 30
~50cm removes weeds twigs of the chaste tree root system, stone etc., is then uniformly sprinkled into base manure, carries out deep ploughing 2~3 times, and deep ploughing is uniform；
(3) tree-like trimming: trees are that living body climbs object, carry out tree-like trimming in annual November~December；
The sprigging method is as follows:
(1) it digs planting hole: digging determining for 30~35cm of diameter, deeply 25~30cm at 35~40cm of trees surrounding after each trimming
The planting hole of plant hole, and the shortest distance is 55~60cm at the arc edge of two planting holes, first applies 2~3cm's in planting hole
Farm organic fertilizer, then in the soil for being laid with 2~3cm；
(2) seedling cultivation: planting during the first tenday period of a month in late March to April, the fine day sun in afternoon deflection or cloudy day when plant, select
No aging, disease-free, without withered high 35~40cm seedling are selected, each planting hole transplants 2 plants of caulis akebiae seedling, by seedling band soil
It is put into planting hole, and seedlings root is unfolded, backfill remaining soil, gently mentioning seedling is close to root system with soil, and soil is filled and led up and is stepped on
It is real, then pour water penetration；Preventing from encountering heavy rain urgency rain soil layer has gap to cause the ponding that sink, and digs draining Tu Gou, width 20
~25cm, depth are 30~35cm.
The water and fertilizer management method is as follows:
(1) it water management: is watered using sprinkling irrigation mode, it then follows the principle that arid watering, waterlogging caused by excessive rain drain, timely irrigation and drainage,
Spring and autumn 30~45d/ times, winter 40~60/ times, summer 20~30d/ times, and meanwhile it is timely to gutter before wet season of summer arriving
It is cleared up, excludes ponding in time；
(2) fertilizer management: after field planting, first time topdressing after 20~30d applies nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium slow-release fertilizer, applied amount every plant of two sides
It is 0.1~0.12kg/ plants, applies nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, rudiment mid-February, applied amount is 0.1~0.13kg/ plants, late March
Applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, primary growth, applied amount is 0.13~0.15kg/ plants, and June~July adds nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer,
Mid-term growth, applied amount is 0.17~0.2kg/ plants, aforementioned to pour small water, send fertilizer with water；Autumn is additional water-soluble containing humic acid
Fertilizer, applied amount are 0.12~0.15kg/ plants；Winter applies Water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, and applied amount is 0.05~0.08kg/ plants；
The frame branch, trimming and herbicidal methods are as follows:
(1) frame branch is trimmed: after the length of climbing stem reaches 65cm, select purple, coarse, growing way is good two climb
Stem, artificial winding are placed in living body and climb on object, and remaining climbing stem and stolon are all rejected, on having climbed up by holding on to
The tendril that living body climbs object needs to wipe out the long shoot of the raw excessive growth in its side, leaves the brachyplast item yielded positive results；
(2) trimming management: based on pruning off, the trimming time after plant fallen leaves 2~3 weeks to next year bleeding preceding can carry out
Winter pruning, but should be trimmed in mid-February and terminate be advisable, when trimming, clip is from 2~3cm of bud eye, and fruitful branch is with poppyhead bud result
Based on, from not staying side shoot in earth's surface 40cm frame face；
(3) weeding management: keeping loosing soil without miscellaneous plant within the scope of caulis akebiae plant, periodically carries out to field within every 4~6 months
Weeding, weeding are deep-controlled in 8~12cm；
The insect pest preventing and controlling management method is as follows:
Insect pest preventing and controlling management: wiping out the branch with illness, scab in time, the lime disinfection disease that spray concentration is 2~3%
Cave, control infect, have the growing area of fence to take and put poultry in a suitable place to breed, to eliminate hiding insect pest；
It is described to harvest and stay pocket method as follows:
Harvesting: the harvesting of mid-September to early October is suitable for harvesting in fine day, should be at about 20~25cm high from basal part of stem when harvesting
It cuts, and stays the maternal plant base portion and root of no wound, next year maternal plant can grow a large amount of young sprouts from base portion, trim, leave to young sprout
The brachyplast item yielded positive results 2~3.
2. a kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae according to claim 1, which is characterized in that caulis akebiae seedling selects dark green leaf color, nothing
Sick leaf branch, health of root threeleaf akebia or caulis akebiae.
3. a kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae according to claim 1, which is characterized in that control soil pH value be 6~
6.5, using content is that 2~3% sulphur waters are adjusted in a manner of spraying.
4. a kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the base manure is to be by weight ratio
The mixture of the Water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid of 100:0.5:0.02, indolebutyric acid and EM microbial bacteria.
5. a kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae according to claim 1, which is characterized in that farm organic fertilizer is decomposed pig
One kind of excrement, decomposed chicken manure or decomposed cow dung.
6. a kind of cultural method of caulis akebiae according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the poultry put in a suitable place to breed select chicken or
Duck.
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| CN111492888A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-07 | 华宁鑫梨泉实业有限公司 | Cultivation method for high-quality akebia stems seedlings |
| CN113207393A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-06 | 贵州大学 | Fertilizing method for holboellia latifolia |
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Application publication date: 20190412 |