CN104541648B - A kind of method of hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits - Google Patents
A kind of method of hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541648B CN104541648B CN201510041301.3A CN201510041301A CN104541648B CN 104541648 B CN104541648 B CN 104541648B CN 201510041301 A CN201510041301 A CN 201510041301A CN 104541648 B CN104541648 B CN 104541648B
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Abstract
The method that the present invention relates to a kind of hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits, refers to the method planting common vetch dish in forest land, hillside, including the transformation in forest land, hillside, thorn China fir, common vetch dish, the planting of Fructus Fici, thorn China fir, the pruning and the seedlings cultivating of common vetch dish of Fructus Fici, the fertilising of common vetch dish, irrigation, cultivation, broadcasting sowing of rye grass.Technique scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of common vetch dish, and can both common vetch dish be plucked every year after the 3rd year, and the single plant yield of Fructus Fici to be significantly larger than the yield of the large stretch of individually plantation of tradition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural production, the method being specifically related to a kind of hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits.
Background technology
Common vetch dish, formal name used at school purple dustpan, belong to perennial pteridophyta, have in mountain area, Dabie Mountain and exist widely.Containing various trace elements such as rich in protein, vitamin and potassium, calcium, squamas in common vetch dish, common vetch dish not only can be made into the dish of delicious food, have more the effects such as anticancer, heat clearing away, removing toxic substances, fat-reducing, beauty treatment, the virus such as influenza, encephalitis B had obvious inhibitory action simultaneously, be long-term outlet, be in great demand overseas vegetable, is particularly exported to Japan.
At present, common vetch dish is field acquisition mostly, although also having local experiment artificial growth, but it yields poorly, the common vetch dish stem of collection is thin, poor quality, and after plucking one, two years, common vetch dish will withered or no longer bract bud.
Summary of the invention
The method that it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits, it can effectively solve the problems referred to above, and the yield of common vetch dish is high, and common vetch dish is sturdy, quality better, it is possible to pluck for a long time, will not the underproduction.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs techniques below scheme:
A kind of method of hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits, the method referring to improvement hillside interplanting in woodland common vetch dish, thorn China fir, Fructus Fici, specifically include following operating procedure:
nullS1: become staged by whole for forest land, hillside，Each planting site behind whole ground is offered along the equal pitch contour on hillside respectively，Domatic outside between adjacent planting site adopts stone to pile the ridge of building a dam，Ditch is offered in the middle part of each planting site，Ditch offers along the length direction of planting site and in ditch, interval arranges compartment along its length，Ditch is separated into each tank by compartment，The two ends compartment of each tank is respectively provided with first、The second-rate mouth of a river，Cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth，The height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth on same tank、The height of the flowing water mouth that second-rate mouth of a river camber is less keeps consistent，Compartment and the 3rd flowing water mouth on adjacent ditch are arranged in interleaved shape respectively，The ditch, top in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation，The upper outside of Ba Geng is provided with the sparge pipe that horizontal shape is arranged，The pipe shaft of sparge pipe is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying/shower nozzle，The oblique sidewall pointing to Ba Geng in water outlet direction of hole for water spraying/shower nozzle，Planting site is divided into the first planting site being positioned at inside ditch and is positioned at the second planting site outside ditch by ditch，First planting site adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming，Improvement soil is dry land soil、Peat soil and fire loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.5:1:0.2～0.8:1:0.4，Dry land soil is the paddy soils taken after 3～June of rice terrace draining dry field，Do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2～3 times，Fire loam is straw、Tree branches and leaves、The fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2～3 with forest land soil；
nullS2: plant interval on the ground at second kind spring then and plant the thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedling of life in 4～5 years，The trunk of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedling is clipped and truncated position is carried out preservative treatment after surviving by thorn China fir Seedling，The tree stump place tufted of thorn China fir grows thorn China fir seedling，Late April digs the deep planting pit of 50～55cm in the outside of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedling，The fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 5～8kg is applied in planting pit，Fructus Fici cutting seedling with soil is planted in planting pit，Water foot and determine root water，Fructus Fici spacing in the rows is 1.5～2.0m，Along cutting seedling height 20～22cm place, Fructus Fici is cut off，Adopt three major branch natural open centre shapes/Y shape training type that Fructus Fici is carried out shaping，The fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 150～155 weight portion green manure、People and animals' urine of 30～35 weight portions、The process of becoming thoroughly decomposed of the Calx of 5～8 weight portions and the dry land soil of 10～15 weight portions obtains，After cuttage, 20d waters and executes once rare rich water，Containing 5% ammonium sulfate in rare rich water，In the autumn in the same year, artificial propagation/wild common vetch dish Seedling at first kind, is planted interval, place bottom the next-door neighbour ridge, dam, ground and planted，And pour water in ditch，Water surface elevation in ditch is lower than the ground level 12～17cm of the first planting site，Stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and spreading lid layer leaves on the earth's surface of the first planting site；
S3: Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, 4～May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3～5min spreads spray/spray painting, common vetch dish is not plucked by bract bud First Year, thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. is pruned, retaining a major branch, all the other thorn China fir seedling carry out plucking top makes its height between 1.4～1.6m；The major branch of Fructus Fici is pruned, keep major branch length 50～55cm, 3～4 are retained newly slightly above each major branch, the prosperous long-term applying once composite fertilizer of young sprout growth, the applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 90～100kg, the carbamide mixed configuration that composite fertilizer is 20 weight portion nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 10 weight portion poultry urine excrement and 5 weight portions obtains, and carries out fruit after result；Second Year early August broadcasts sowing rye grass on first and second planting site, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g pak-chor 4～4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution is that bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution dilution 10 times is formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution600It is 0.8～1.0, after seed soaking, ryegrass seed and 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam are mixed and are all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, first time harvesting is carried out as farming animals herbage when Ryegrass Growth is to plant height 40～45cm, toothing 5～8cm during first time harvesting, promote rye grass tiller and regeneration, rye grass carry out when regrowing to plant height 35～40cm aftercrop and by harvesting herbage and leaves bedding on the earth's surface of first and second planting site, toothing 1～3cm during aftercrop, stops after the Frost's Descent irrigating；
S4: from the 3rd year, it is repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, common vetch dish applies once to help bud fertile by April, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying/shower nozzle carries out 3～5min spreads spray/spray painting, common vetch dish is plucked 3～4 times by 4～May, the dwarf branch bar of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. is pruned so that it is height is less than 1.5m；nullFructus Fici side shoot is pruned，Making its length is 30～35cm，Each side shoot retains 1～2 newly slightly，Prune and make new length slightly less than 20cm，Wipe out every year after 4th year on side shoot less go out young sprout result branch、The young sprout that 1～2 growing way of selecting and remain is healthy and strong，Young sprout growth prosperous for a long time、Fruit expanding period、Composite fertilizer is applied once respectively before fallen leaves，The each applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 70～75kg，Annual early August is first、Two planting sites broadcast sowing rye grass，Before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g pak-chor 4～4.5h，Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution is that bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution dilution 10 times is formulated，OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution600It is 0.8～1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate after seed soaking, 10kg fire loam is mixed and is all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, first time harvesting is carried out as farming animals herbage when Ryegrass Growth is to plant height 40～45cm, toothing 5～8cm during first time harvesting, promote rye grass tiller and regeneration, rye grass carry out when regrowing to plant height 35～40cm aftercrop and by harvesting herbage and leaves bedding first, the earth's surface of two planting sites, toothing 1～3cm during aftercrop, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating, bud fertilizer is helped to obtain for fire loam and people's retention of urine liquid/carbamide mixed preparing.
The plantation of common vetch dish, topmost is exactly the control of liquid manure, common vetch dish happiness water happiness the moon, but also water funk flood, and soil for growth is extremely harsh.nullThe present invention is by the transformation in forest land, above-mentioned hillside，The irrigation system that ditch is constituted，Enable to the forest land, irrigation whole hillside of uniform fluid flow，Simultaneously the water lev el control in ditch lower than first planting site earth's surface 12～17cm，Ensure that the happiness water of common vetch dish is irrigated and do not have waterlogging，Common vetch dish is planted bottom the ridge, dam，To get well more than level land planting effect，Common vetch dish is by the impact of Ba Geng，The new stem and leaf sent out is grown to away from Ba Geng side，Its interior phytohormone is made to stimulate root to sprout more spore，Improve yield，The setting of Ba Geng simultaneously，Can so that the first plants above ground current does not penetrate in ditch from the trickling of the earth's surface of the first planting site from its underpart，Prevent common vetch dish waterlogging，Additionally，Stone piles the Ba Geng built，Fixation can be played at the initial stage of forest land transformation，Preventing came down during rainy season causes that forest land, hillside is ruined；Hole for water spraying/shower nozzle sprayed in short-term at night, Simulated rainwater sky so that the sparse spray of part rainwater, on common vetch dish bud, promotes the growth of common vetch dish bud so that common vetch dish bud is more sturdy；The improvement soil of above-mentioned preparation simultaneously, support in acidity and fertilizer and more match with the best demand of common vetch dish growth, make common vetch dish more sturdy, additionally rye grass can first, the soil property of two planting sites is vegetated, the rye grass of first time harvesting can survive the winter for herding as the herbage of herding, and the rye grass of aftercrop and leaves cover first, on two planting sites, common vetch dish can be survived the winter better, ensure that common vetch dish germinates spore the coming year, rye grass, leaves rots as green manure and helps the applying that bud is fertile can be good at supplementing the fertility of the first planting site and regulate acidity, common vetch dish can both be plucked every year.The cost of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. breeding is low, survival rate is high, growth is fast, after cutting down its major branch, substantial amounts of new talent can be grown at tree stump place, it is possible to quickly form, at the peripheral of common vetch dish, the fence sheltered from heat or light, ensure the common vetch dish demand to growing environment, shorten the cycle of whole forest land transformation simultaneously.Certainly, above-mentioned simply simple elaboration independent the played Main Function of each factor, by the mutually coordinated effect of each factor so that common vetch dish can all carry out the harvesting of high yield every year, and the common vetch dish plucked is sturdy, quality better.
Detailed scheme is:
The height of Ba Geng is 60～80cm, and it is 30～35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, and improvement soil is filled out the downside of flood and is provided with sandy soils, and dam extends in sandy soils bottom the ridge.Planting at second kind after Second Year and plant Camellia sinensis on the ground, Camellia sinensis is positioned at the inner side of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. and interval-staggered with thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook..Improvement soil be dry land soil, peat soil and fire loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.5:1:0.2, help bud fertilizer be 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid preparation obtain.After Second Year, the trunk of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. is relatively big and the dwarf branch bar at tree stump place is also in great numbers, just as forming a hedge hurdle in the outside in ditch, now within it plant bigger tea seedling, Camellia sinensis happiness the moon, it is possible to well grow, if plantation Camellia sinensis, what can be arranged by the ground level of the second planting site is relatively larger than the first planting site ground level, and many crops are interplanted, and improve whole economic benefit.And, thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., common vetch dish are all the crops that insect pest will not occur, by interplanting, it is possible to eliminate large stretch of Tea planting and are susceptible to the phenomenon of pest and disease damage, improve the economic benefit of whole agricultural.
Fructus Fici can be interplanted with thorn China fir, common vetch dish very well, improves the yield of individual plant Fructus Fici, the resistance to fertilizer of Fructus Fici, will not produce pest and disease damage, Fructus Fici can be drawn branch during plantation, it is to avoid Fructus Fici fruit tree is too high.
Technique scheme can significantly improve the yield and quality of common vetch dish, and can both common vetch dish be plucked every year after the 3rd year.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation in ditch is offered on Fig. 1 is domatic；
Fig. 2 is domatic sectional schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is specifically described.Should be appreciated that following word is only in order to describe one or more specific embodiments of the present invention, the protection domain present invention specifically not asked carries out considered critical.
Following embodiment 1～2 is to carry out in the cool breeze farm of Yuexi County Hong Sheng agricultural science and technology company limited, spore refers to and sends tender white spore on the common vetch dish root and stem of certain plants, spore is plucked after growing up to common vetch dish, loose stool water behaviour retention of urine liquid and 2 times of water mixed preparing obtain, urea water be 100～200g carbamide and 1L water preparation obtain, following embodiment 1, the concrete amount of application of fertilizer not clearly stated in 2, those skilled in the art can use in right amount according to the effect of fertilizer and use age, ensure reliably planting of crops, additionally, in whole planting process, it is required for every year carrying out weeding, loosen the soil, parasite killing etc. operate.In the present invention if no special instructions, the percent of component is mass concentration.
Embodiment 1
nullHold fire line in forest land, selected hillside successfully and carry out refining mountain，Fine day is selected to grill thoroughly burned for ground，By tree root behind burning ground、The grass root and stem of certain plants is rooted out，Staged is become by whole for forest land, hillside，Each planting site 11 behind whole ground is offered along the equal pitch contour on hillside respectively，Domatic outside between adjacent planting site 11 adopts stone to pile the ridge 12 of building a dam，Ditch 13 is offered in the middle part of each planting site 11，Ditch 13 offers along the length direction of planting site 11 and in ditch 13, interval arranges compartment 131 along its length，Ditch 13 is separated into each tank by compartment 131，The two ends compartment 131 of each tank is respectively provided with first、The second-rate mouth of a river 132，Cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth 133，The height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on same tank、The height of the flowing water mouth that the second-rate mouth of a river 132 camber is less keeps consistent (if the height at the first-class mouth of a river is lower than the height at the second mouth of a river，Then the height of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 is consistent with the height at the first-class mouth of a river)，Compartment 131 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape，The 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape，The ditch, top 13 in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation，The upper outside on the ridge, dam 12 is provided with the sparge pipe 14 that horizontal shape is arranged，The pipe shaft of sparge pipe 14 is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying，The sidewall on the ridge, oblique sensing dam, water outlet direction 12 of hole for water spraying，Planting site 11 is divided into the first planting site 111 being positioned at inside ditch 13 and is positioned at the second planting site 112 outside ditch 13 by ditch 13，First planting site 111 adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming，Improvement soil is dry land soil、Peat soil and fire loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.5:1:0.2，Dry land soil is the paddy soils taken after 3～June of rice terrace draining dry field，Do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2～3 times，Fire loam is straw、Tree branches and leaves、The fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 with forest land soil；The height on the ridge, dam 12 is 60～80cm, it is 30～35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, and improvement soil is filled out the downside of flood and is provided with sandy soils 15, extends in sandy soils 15 bottom the ridge, dam 12, the width of the first planting site 111 is 30～40cm, and the width of the second planting site 112 is 2～2.2m；
Plant the thorn China fir 11b seedling of life in 4～5 years in interval on the second planting site 112 in spring then, spacing in the rows 1.5m, the trunk of thorn China fir 11b seedling is clipped and truncated position is carried out preservative treatment after surviving by thorn China fir 11b Seedling, the tree stump place tufted of thorn China fir 11b grows thorn China fir 11b seedling, the deep planting pit of 50～55cm is dug in the outside of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedling, applying the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 5～8kg in planting pit, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is that the process of becoming thoroughly decomposed of 150 weight portion green manure, people and animals' urine of 35 weight portions, the Calx of 5 weight portions and the dry land soil of 15 weight portions obtains.Fructus Fici cutting seedling (station, nursery is commercially available) with soil is planted in planting pit, water foot and determine root water, Fructus Fici spacing in the rows is 1.5～2.0m, along cutting seedling height 20～22cm place, Fructus Fici is cut off, adopt three major branch natural open centre shapes/Y shape training type that Fructus Fici is carried out shaping, after cuttage, 20d waters and executes once rare rich water, containing 5% ammonium sulfate in rare rich water.The common vetch dish Seedling 11a of artificial propagation is close to bottom the ridge, dam 12 on the first planting site 111 locates interval plants in the autumn in the same year, the width planting plant hole is 20～25 centimetres, it is sized to 20 × 20cm, plant by spacing in the rows 15cm, during transplanting, common vetch dish Seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, do not hinder root system, water after cultivation and determine root water, and pour water in ditch 13, water surface elevation in ditch 13, lower than the ground level 12～17cm of the first planting site 111, stops after the Frost's Descent irrigating and spreading lid layer leaves on the earth's surface of the first planting site 111, can be selected for leaves that assorted tree descends slowly and lightly and Folium Pini carries out bedding；
Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, 4～May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3～5min spreads spray, before spore and undertaken topdressing carrying Seedling by loose stool water or urea water after spore, common vetch dish is not plucked by bract bud First Year, thorn Shan11bShu being pruned, retains a major branch, all the other thorn China fir seedling carry out plucking top makes its height between 1.4～1.6m；The major branch of Fructus Fici is pruned, keep major branch length 50～55cm, 3～4 are retained newly slightly above each major branch, the prosperous long-term applying once composite fertilizer of young sprout growth, the applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 100kg, the carbamide mixed configuration that composite fertilizer is 20 weight portion nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 10 weight portion poultry urine excrement and 5 weight portions obtains, and carries out fruit after result；Second Year early August broadcasts sowing rye grass on first and second planting site, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g pak-chor 4～4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution is that bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution dilution 10 times is formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution600It is 0.8～1.0, after seed soaking, ryegrass seed and 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam are mixed and are all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, first time harvesting is carried out as farming animals herbage when Ryegrass Growth is to plant height 40～45cm, toothing 5～8cm during first time harvesting, promote rye grass tiller and regeneration, rye grass carry out when regrowing to plant height 35～40cm aftercrop and by harvesting herbage and leaves bedding on the earth's surface of first and second planting site, toothing 1～3cm during aftercrop, stops after the Frost's Descent irrigating.
nullFrom the 3rd year，It is repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate，And 3、Apply common vetch dish April once to help bud fertile，Undertaken topdressing carrying Seedling by loose stool water or urea water before spore or after spore，What after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3～5min spreads spray，Common vetch dish is plucked 3～4 times by 4～May，Root is not injured during harvesting，Execute loose stool water once after plucking every time，The dwarf branch bar of thorn Shan11bShu is pruned，Make its height less than 1.5m，Fructus Fici side shoot is pruned，Making its length is 30～35cm，Each side shoot retains 1～2 newly slightly，Prune and make new length slightly less than 20cm，Wipe out every year after 4th year on side shoot less go out young sprout result branch、(on each branch) is selected and remain the healthy and strong young sprout of 1～2 growing way，Young sprout growth prosperous for a long time、Fruit expanding period、Composite fertilizer is applied once respectively before fallen leaves，The each applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 70～75kg，In early August, the 3rd is first、Two planting sites broadcast sowing rye grass，Before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g pak-chor 4～4.5h，Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution is that bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution dilution 10 times is formulated，OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution600It is 0.8～1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate after seed soaking, 10kg fire loam is mixed and is all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, first time harvesting is carried out as farming animals herbage when Ryegrass Growth is to plant height 40～45cm, toothing 5～8cm during first time harvesting, promote rye grass tiller and regeneration, rye grass carry out when regrowing to plant height 35～40cm aftercrop and by harvesting herbage and leaves bedding first, the earth's surface of two planting sites, toothing 1～3cm during aftercrop, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating, help bud fertilizer be 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid preparation obtain.
Embodiment 2
nullHold fire line in forest land, selected hillside successfully and carry out refining mountain，Fine day is selected to grill thoroughly burned for ground，By tree root behind burning ground、The grass root and stem of certain plants is rooted out，Staged is become by whole for forest land, hillside，Each planting site 11 behind whole ground is offered along the equal pitch contour on hillside respectively，Domatic outside between adjacent planting site 11 adopts stone to pile the ridge 12 of building a dam，Ditch 13 is offered in the middle part of each planting site 11，Ditch 13 offers along the length direction of planting site 11 and in ditch 13, interval arranges compartment 131 along its length，Ditch 13 is separated into each tank by compartment 131，The two ends compartment 131 of each tank is respectively provided with first、The second-rate mouth of a river 132，Cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth 133，The height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on same tank、The height of the flowing water mouth that the second-rate mouth of a river 132 camber is less keeps consistent (if the height at the first-class mouth of a river is lower than the height at the second mouth of a river，Then the height of the 3rd flowing water mouth 133 is consistent with the height at the first-class mouth of a river)，Compartment 131 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape respectively，The 3rd flowing water mouth 133 on adjacent ditch 13 is arranged in interleaved shape，The ditch, top 13 in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation，The upper outside on the ridge, dam 12 is provided with the sparge pipe 14 that horizontal shape is arranged，The pipe shaft of sparge pipe 14 is arranged at intervals with shower nozzle，The sidewall on the ridge, oblique sensing dam, water outlet direction 12 of shower nozzle，Planting site 11 is divided into the first planting site 111 being positioned at inside ditch 13 and is positioned at the second planting site 112 outside ditch 13 by ditch 13，First planting site 111 adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming，Improvement soil is dry land soil、Peat soil and fire loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.8:1:0.4，Dry land soil is the paddy soils taken after 3～June of rice terrace draining dry field，Do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2～3 times，Fire loam is straw、Tree branches and leaves、The fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:3 with forest land soil (native country in forest land, hillside)；The height on the ridge, dam 12 is 60～80cm, it is 30～35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, and improvement soil is filled out the downside of flood and is provided with sandy soils, extends in sandy soils bottom the ridge, dam 12, the width of the first planting site 111 is 30～40cm, and the width of the second planting site 112 is 2～2.2m；
Plant the thorn China fir 11b seedling of life in 4～5 years in interval on the second planting site 112 in spring then, spacing in the rows 1.5m, the trunk of thorn China fir 11b seedling is clipped and truncated position is carried out preservative treatment after surviving by thorn China fir 11b Seedling, the tree stump place tufted of thorn China fir 11b grows thorn China fir 11b seedling, the deep planting pit of 50～55cm is dug in the outside of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedling, applying the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 5～8kg in planting pit, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is that the process of becoming thoroughly decomposed of 155 weight portion green manure, people and animals' urine of 30 weight portions, the Calx of 8 weight portions and the dry land soil of 10 weight portions obtains.Fructus Fici cutting seedling (station, nursery is commercially available) with soil is planted in planting pit, water foot and determine root water, Fructus Fici spacing in the rows is 1.5～2.0m, along cutting seedling height 20～22cm place, Fructus Fici is cut off, adopt three major branch natural open centre shapes/Y shape training type that Fructus Fici is carried out shaping, after cuttage, 20d waters and executes once rare rich water, containing 5% ammonium sulfate in rare rich water.The common vetch dish Seedling 11a of artificial propagation is close to bottom the ridge, dam 12 on the first planting site 111 locates interval plants in the autumn in the same year, the width planting plant hole is 20～25 centimetres, it is sized to 20 × 20cm, plant by spacing in the rows 15cm, during transplanting, common vetch dish Seedling 11a answers transplantation with soil, do not hinder root system, water after cultivation and determine root water, and pour water in ditch 13, water surface elevation in ditch 13, lower than the ground level 12～17cm of the first planting site 111, stops after the Frost's Descent irrigating and spreading lid layer leaves on the earth's surface of the first planting site 111, can be selected for leaves that assorted tree descends slowly and lightly and Folium Pini carries out bedding；
Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, 4～May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3～5min spreads spray, before spore and undertaken topdressing carrying Seedling by loose stool water or urea water after spore, common vetch dish is not plucked by bract bud First Year, thorn Shan11bShu being pruned, retains a major branch, all the other thorn China fir seedling carry out plucking top makes its height between 1.4～1.6m；The major branch of Fructus Fici is pruned, keep major branch length 50～55cm, 3～4 are retained newly slightly above each major branch, the prosperous long-term applying once composite fertilizer of young sprout growth, the applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 90kg, the carbamide mixed configuration that composite fertilizer is 20 weight portion nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 10 weight portion poultry urine excrement and 5 weight portions obtains, and carries out fruit after result；Second Year early August broadcasts sowing rye grass on first and second planting site, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g pak-chor 4～4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution is that bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution dilution 10 times is formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution600It is 0.8～1.0, after seed soaking, ryegrass seed and 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam are mixed and are all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, first time harvesting is carried out as farming animals herbage when Ryegrass Growth is to plant height 40～45cm, toothing 5～8cm during first time harvesting, promote rye grass tiller and regeneration, rye grass carry out when regrowing to plant height 35～40cm aftercrop and by harvesting herbage and leaves bedding on the earth's surface of first and second planting site, toothing 1～3cm during aftercrop, stops after the Frost's Descent irrigating.
nullFrom the 3rd year，It is repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate，And 3、Apply common vetch dish April once to help bud fertile，Undertaken topdressing carrying Seedling by loose stool water or urea water before spore or after spore，What after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3～5min spreads spray，Common vetch dish is plucked 3～4 times by 4～May，Root is not injured during harvesting，Execute loose stool water once after plucking every time，The dwarf branch bar of thorn Shan11bShu is pruned，Make its height less than 1.5m，Fructus Fici side shoot is pruned，Making its length is 30～35cm，Each side shoot retains 1～2 newly slightly，Prune and make new length slightly less than 20cm，Wipe out every year after 4th year on side shoot less go out young sprout result branch、The young sprout that 1～2 growing way of selecting and remain is healthy and strong，Young sprout growth prosperous for a long time、Fruit expanding period、Composite fertilizer is applied once respectively before fallen leaves，The each applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 70～75kg，In early August, the 3rd is first、Two planting sites broadcast sowing rye grass，Before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g pak-chor 4～4.5h，Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution is that bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution dilution 10 times is formulated，OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution600It is 0.8～1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate after seed soaking, 10kg fire loam is mixed and is all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, first time harvesting is carried out as farming animals herbage when Ryegrass Growth is to plant height 40～45cm, toothing 5～8cm during first time harvesting, promote rye grass tiller and regeneration, rye grass carry out when regrowing to plant height 35～40cm aftercrop and by harvesting herbage and leaves bedding first, the earth's surface of two planting sites, toothing 1～3cm during aftercrop, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating, help bud fertilizer be 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid preparation obtain.
In above-described embodiment 1,2, the plantation amount of every mu of common vetch dish is 2000～2500 strains, produces 350 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes per year for every mu, and the length plucking fresh common vetch dish is 15～20cm, and the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.8～1.2cm, and the fibrosis of fresh common vetch dish is low.
The plantation of tradition level land, the plantation amount of mu common vetch dish is 4500～6000 strains, produce 300 kilograms of fresh common vetch dishes per year for every mu, the length plucking fresh common vetch dish is 15～20cm, the root diameter (RD) of fresh common vetch dish root is 0.3～0.6cm, the fibrosis on fresh common vetch dish surface is high, and first time cuts the black herbage of receipts and may be used for herding and survive the winter, and forms circular agriculture.
After the 3rd year, every strain Fructus Fici can tie the Fructus Fici of 2.5～3.0kg, individually plants the yield of the individual plant 2.0～2.5kg of Fructus Fici higher than large stretch of area.It addition, agricultural planting economic benefit 4～5 times can be improved by interplanting.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; in knowing the present invention after contents; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; it can also being made some equal conversion and replacement, these convert on an equal basis and substitute and also should be regarded as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a method for hillside fields improvement plantation vegetables and fruits, the method referring to improvement hillside interplanting in woodland common vetch dish, thorn China fir, Fructus Fici, specifically include following operating procedure:
nullS1: become staged by whole for forest land, hillside，Each planting site behind whole ground is offered along the equal pitch contour on hillside respectively，Domatic outside between adjacent planting site adopts stone to pile the ridge of building a dam，Ditch is offered in the middle part of each planting site，Ditch offers along the length direction of planting site and in ditch, interval arranges compartment along its length，Ditch is separated into each tank by compartment，The two ends compartment of each tank is respectively provided with first、The second-rate mouth of a river，Cell wall outside tank is offered the 3rd flowing water mouth，The height and first of the 3rd flowing water mouth on same tank、The height of the flowing water mouth that second-rate mouth of a river camber is less keeps consistent，The 3rd flowing water mouth on adjacent ditch is that interleaved shape is arranged，The ditch, top in forest land, hillside is connected with water supply installation，The upper outside of Ba Geng is provided with the sparge pipe that horizontal shape is arranged，The pipe shaft of sparge pipe is arranged at intervals with hole for water spraying，The oblique sidewall pointing to Ba Geng in water outlet direction of hole for water spraying，Planting site is divided into the first planting site being positioned at inside ditch and is positioned at the second planting site outside ditch by ditch，First planting site adopts improvement soil to fill out whole forming，Improvement soil is dry land soil、Peat soil and fire loam obtain according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 0.5:1:0.2，Dry land soil is the paddy soils taken after 3～June of rice terrace draining dry field，Do not sow crop during dry field and dig 2～3 times，Fire loam is straw、Tree branches and leaves、The fire ash that weeds burn till obtains according to the weight ratio mixed preparing of 1:2 with forest land soil；
nullS2: plant interval on the ground at second kind spring then and plant the thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedling of life in 4～5 years，The trunk of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedling is clipped and truncated position is carried out preservative treatment after surviving by thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedling，The tree stump place tufted of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedling grows thorn China fir seedling，Late April digs the deep planting pit of 50～55cm in the outside of thorn Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedling，The fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 5～8kg is applied in planting pit，Fructus Fici cutting seedling with soil is planted in planting pit，Water foot and determine root water，The spacing in the rows of Fructus Fici cutting seedling is 1.5～2.0m，Along Fructus Fici cutting seedling height 20～22cm place, Fructus Fici cutting seedling is cut off，Adopt three major branch natural open centre shapes or Y shape training type that Fructus Fici cutting seedling is carried out shaping，The fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 150～155 weight portion green manure、People and animals' urine of 30～35 weight portions、The process of becoming thoroughly decomposed of the Calx of 5～8 weight portions and the dry land soil of 10～15 weight portions obtains，After cuttage, 20d waters and executes once rare rich water，Containing 5% ammonium sulfate in rare rich water，In the autumn in the same year, at first kind, the common vetch dish Seedling of artificial propagation is planted interval, place bottom the next-door neighbour ridge, dam, ground to plant，And pour water in ditch，Water surface elevation in ditch is lower than the ground level 12～17cm of the first planting site，Stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating and spreading lid layer leaves on the earth's surface of the first planting site；
S3: Second Year starts after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, 4～May, common vetch dish started bract bud, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3～5min spreads spray, common vetch dish is not plucked by bract bud First Year, thorn China fir is pruned, retaining a major branch, all the other thorn China fir seedling carry out plucking top makes its height between 1.4～1.6m；The major branch of Fructus Fici is pruned, keep major branch length 50～55cm, 3～4 young sprouts are retained above each major branch, the prosperous long-term applying once composite fertilizer of young sprout growth, the applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 90～100kg, the carbamide mixed configuration that composite fertilizer is 20 weight portion nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 10 weight portion poultry urine excrement and 5 weight portions obtains, and carries out fruit thinning after result；Second Year early August broadcasts sowing rye grass on first and second planting site, before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g pak-chor 4～4.5h, bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution is that bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution dilution 10 times is formulated, OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution600It is 0.8～1.0, after seed soaking, ryegrass seed and 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg fire loam are mixed and are all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, first time harvesting is carried out as farming animals herbage when Ryegrass Growth is to plant height 40～45cm, toothing 5～8cm during first time harvesting, promote rye grass tiller and regeneration, rye grass carry out when regrowing to plant height 35～40cm aftercrop and by harvesting herbage and leaves bedding on the earth's surface of first and second planting site, toothing 1～3cm during aftercrop, stops after the Frost's Descent irrigating；
S4: from the 3rd year, it is repeated below operation every year: start after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to irrigate, and 3, common vetch dish applies once to help bud fertile by April, what after bract bud, night every day opened that hole for water spraying carries out 3～5min spreads spray, common vetch dish is plucked 3～4 times by 4～May, the dwarf branch bar of thorn China fir is pruned so that it is height is less than 1.5m；nullFructus Fici side shoot is pruned，Making its length is 30～35cm，Each side shoot retains 1～2 young sprout，Prune the length making young sprout less than 20cm，Wipe out every year after 4th year on side shoot less go out young sprout result branch、The young sprout that 1～2 growing way of selecting and remain is healthy and strong，Young sprout growth prosperous for a long time、Fruit expanding period、Composite fertilizer is applied once respectively before fallen leaves，The each applied amount of composite fertilizer is every mu of 70～75kg，Annual early August is first、Two planting sites broadcast sowing rye grass，Before ryegrass seed sowing, every 1kg seed adds 2kg bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution and 1.5g pak-chor 4～4.5h，Bacillus subtilis GB03 bacterium solution is that bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution dilution 10 times is formulated，OD in bacillus subtilis GB03 mother solution600It is 0.8～1.0, ryegrass seed and 8kg calcium magnesium phosphate after seed soaking, 10kg fire loam is mixed and is all broadcasted sowing, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing of ryegrass seed is 0.8kg, first time harvesting is carried out as farming animals herbage when Ryegrass Growth is to plant height 40～45cm, toothing 5～8cm during first time harvesting, promote rye grass tiller and regeneration, rye grass carry out when regrowing to plant height 35～40cm aftercrop and by harvesting herbage and leaves bedding first, the earth's surface of two planting sites, toothing 1～3cm during aftercrop, stop after the Frost's Descent irrigating, help bud fertilizer be 50kg fire loam and 10L people's retention of urine liquid preparation obtain.
2. the method for hillside fields according to claim 1 improvement plantation vegetables and fruits, it is characterized in that: the height of Ba Geng is 60～80cm, it is 30～35cm that improvement soil fills out whole thickness, and improvement soil is filled out the downside of flood and is provided with sandy soils, and dam extends in sandy soils bottom the ridge.
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| CN1965627A (en) * | 2006-11-25 | 2007-05-23 | 安徽省农业科学院绿色食品工程研究所 | Artificial domesticating cultivation method for Osmungaiaponica Thunb |
| JP2008278756A (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2008-11-20 | Yamasan Shokuhin Kogyo Kk | Method for producing plain boiled organic flowering fern using deep seawater |
| RU2474106C2 (en) * | 2010-07-05 | 2013-02-10 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Чувашская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" | Method of cultivation of perennial grasses on pastures |
| CN102696379A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-10-03 | 湖北长友现代农业股份有限公司 | Floating two-stage osmunda japonica spore growing method |
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