CN105248221A - Planting method of artocarpus heterophyllus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a planting method of artocarpus heterophyllus. The planting method comprises the following steps: selecting seeds and raising seedlings; transplanting the seedlings into nutritional bags; grafting; cultivating grafted seedlings; constructing an orchard for the seedlings and planting the seedlings; managing the seedlings; preventing and controlling diseases and pests; harvesting. Artocarpus heterophyllus planted through the planting method has the external characteristics that the root system is rich, the water and fertilizer retaining capacity is excellent, the branches are arborous, the main trunk is thick and straight, and more fruits are born; the produced artocarpus heterophyllus fruit is good in character and big as watermelons, a single artocarpus heterophyllus fruit weighs 20-30 kg, the fresh fruit is fragrant, sweet, fresh and smooth in meat, has special honey fragrance, and is good in appearance and long in growing period; compared with an artocarpus heterophyllus variety planted through a regular method, the artocarpus heterophyllus of the same variety planted through the planting method has a higher level quality, and the economic benefits are greatly improved.

Description

The implantation methods of a kind of jackfruit

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of economic plants, particularly the implantation methods of a kind of jackfruit.

Background technology

Jackfruit, [Classification system] artocarpusheterophyllusLam.; [another name] jackfruit, luxuriant trailing plants, artocarpus heterophyllus, large artocarpus heterophyllus, candied winter melon-growth and good health, cows belly fruit, belong to Moraceae Artocarpus aiphyllium, veteran often has tabular root; Bark is thick, pitchy; Fruit shape is large, and taste is sweet, fragrance; Drupe can be cooked, and is rich in starch; It is good to eat that fruit is fresh and sweet, aromatic flavour, therefore be described as " tropical fruit (tree) queen ".In Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macao and other Guangdong languages area, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam is commonly referred to as large artocarpus heterophyllus, is called jackfruit on Guangxi and other places, is that Moraceae jackfruit belongs to aiphyllium.Originate in Tropical Asia, extensively cultivate in tropic tides Humid Area.Import China into from India during Tang of Sui, be called " frequently that Sha " (Sanskrit Panasa is to sound), the Song dynasty renames as jack fruit, uses till today, is world-renowned tropical fruit (tree).Due to the fruit that jack fruit is the heaviest in the world, generally weigh 5-20kg, the heaviest more than 50kg, and fruit is plump soft, fresh and sweet good to eat in addition, aromatic flavour, therefore is described as " tropical fruit (tree) queen ".Green green fruit can be done vegetables and eat.The every 100 grams of carbohydrate containing 24.9 grams of edible part time ripe, calcium 25 milligrams, 5 milligrams, phosphorus, iron 7 milligrams etc.Fried edible, delicious as chestnut, have quench the thirst, logical breast, tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi effect.Zhanjiang region, Maoming area jack fruit fruit tree is very many.Except trees itself are as the good tool viewed and admired and shelter from heat or light, its leaf is also the good material packing two places farmers' Ci, can make the taste more delicate fragrance of farmers' Ci, strengthens mouthfeel.There is provided more sufficient nutrition also to farmers' Ci.Modern medicine study confirms, containing abundant carbohydrate, protein, B1, B2, B6, vitamin C, mineral matter, fatty wet goods in jack fruit.The material of its primary treatment can extract a kind of material being called jaccalin matter from jack fruit juice and pericarp.Carbohydrate in jack fruit, protein, fat oil, minerals and vitamins have certain effect to the normal physiological function maintaining body.Taking after jack fruit can the hydrolysis of intensive aspect inner fibrin, can will block in tissue and endovascular fibrin and dissolution of blood clot, thus improve local blood, body fluid circulatory, make inflammation and absorption of edema, disappear, have certain auxiliary therapeutic action to the disease caused by cerebral thrombus and other thrombus.The bromelain matter extracted in jack fruit and antibiotic and other drug combinations, can promote that medicine is to the infiltration of pathological tissues and diffusion, be applicable to treat the disease such as inflammation, oedema that causes of a variety of causes, as bronchitis, bronchial astehma, acute pneumonia, sphagitis, the retinitis, mastitis, postpartum engorgement of breasts, postpartum thrombophlebitis, arthritis, periarthritis, cellulitis, the disease such as ulcus cruris be all effective in cure.In addition, be coated with local with jack fruit myron is directly outer, the disease such as angioleucitis, hemorrhoid can be treated.Jack fruit trunk is logical straight, and tree property is strong, and tree crown is dense, fruit yield is many, is excellent afforestation material, can be used on plantation, the plantation of street tree and the plantation of petty street garden in garden in afforestation, play the gardens effect sheltering from heat or light and see fruit, be enough to the Ornamental value embodying jackfruit number.Jack fruit material is slightly hard and gently, color and luster cadmium yellow, texture is careful attractive in appearance, and a century is stale-proof, and termite is near, and be first-class furniture woods, tree root can make precious woodcarving, has important economic worth.

Soil property is regardless of by jack fruit, but best to show the deep sandy soil of soil.Soil property is fertile, then growing pullets is rapid.Draining needs good, and sunshine should be sufficient.Large tree fibrous root is few, and not resistance to transplanting, first should make cutting lateral root if need transplant, transplant after trimming leaf again, especially should avoid autumn and winter transplanting.Spring and summer is peak of growing season, within every 1 ~ 2 month, topdresses 1 time, and abundant supply moisture content, large tree is very extensive.Property happiness hot and humid, growth thermophilic 22 ~ 23 DEG C.

Jack fruit is more in ground output such as Chinese Guangdong Maoming, Zhanjiang, Beihai Fisheries Base Guangxi Province, Hainan, Yunnan.The age of tree pineapple honey tree of about 300 years, timber is hard, can furniture processed, also can make weld; Resin and leaf medicinal, subdhing swelling and detoxicating.General 4 years to 5 years start result.

Retrieve the technology close with the present invention, as application number: 201310027713.2; Applicant: Hua Yu gardens, Chongqing limited company; Denomination of invention: Nanchuan jackfruit cuttage breeding method; Summary: the invention discloses a kind of Nanchuan jackfruit cuttage breeding method, belong to technical field of plant asexual propagation.Comprise the selection of cutting medium, cuttings is selected, cuttings process, and cutting time is selected, and the step such as management and transplanting time after cuttage, cuttage survival rate reaches 54%.The successful cottage propagation of Nanchuan jackfruit, solves this plant market seedling requirement source few, meets the demand of market to Nanchuan jackfruit seedling; Add this species population quantity simultaneously, be beneficial in situ conservation; By the vegetative propagation to excellent maternal plant, maintain the merit of excellent maternal plant.

The market price of jackfruit is high, and the high yield of 5 tons every mu can be reached, the more important thing is in jackfruit containing abundant carbohydrate, protein, B family vitamin (B1, B2, B6), vitamin C, mineral matter, fat oil, embody its edibility, certain auxiliary therapeutic action is had to embody its medical value to the disease caused by cerebral thrombus and other thrombus, jackfruit trunk is logical straight, tree property is strong, tree crown is dense, play the gardens effect sheltering from heat or light and see fruit and embody its Ornamental value, jackfruit tree root can make precious woodcarving and embody its economic worth, be really be all precious from head to foot.Therefore, set up a whole set of from seed selection nursery, transplant nutritious bag, grafting, the cultivation of grafting, grafting build garden field planting, nursery stock management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, the implantation methods of jackfruit of gathering, seem particularly important.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide the implantation methods of a kind of jackfruit, not only can water-retaining effect, check winds and fix drifting sand, plantation jackfruit can create objective economic benefit, for peasant increases production extra earning, walks Sustainable Development Road and provides foundation.

The implantation methods of jackfruit of the present invention comprises following large step: nursery of, choosing seeds; Two, nutritious bag is transplanted; Three, grafting; Four, the cultivation of grafting; Five, grafting builds garden field planting; Six, nursery stock management; Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest; Eight, gather.The cultivation key of jackfruit is nursery, and nursery is also divided into the cultivation of rootstock seedling and the cultivation of grafting.

Wherein, large step one, seed selection nursery also comprise several little step: 1) choose seeds; 2) kind is washed; 3) seed sterilizing; 4) husky bed is made; 5) vernalization; 6) husky bed management.

1) choose seeds: the fresh seeds selecting resistance and the adaptable local jack fruit kind be stripped out from fruit, the time more than 48 hours, can not require that kind of grain is ripe, full, outside is smooth, immaculate, does not have wound, does not have the harm of disease worm; 2) kind is washed: the seed selected puts into clear water immediately, hand-launders 2-3 minute; 3) seed sterilizing: the proportioning adding 15 kilograms of clear water according to every 0.5 kilogram of carbendazim 500-800 times liquid adds clear water, and be sterilized sterilization liquid, and seed is into the liquid, until flood seed, allows seed soak 2-3 minute; 4) make husky bed: select thin river sand humidity be 25% make bud bed, the sandy soil first spreading 10-15 cm thick, as bed-sit, are scraped with veneer smooth, are made 10 meters long, the husky bed of 1 meter wide; 5) vernalization: completed bed-sit, by the seed handled well slowly shakedown on husky bed, allow seed scatter, spread the seed that is over, seed covers an aspect husky, thickness is at 2 centimetres, on bud bed upper berth, lid layer does branch weeds, to reach the object of moisturizing of sheltering from heat or light further, and the effect heated in addition; 6) husky bed management: if mean temperature is between 18-30 degree Celsius, vernalization 20 days, if mean temperature is at the weather of 8-18 degree Celsius, vernalization 35 days, period is to keep the moistening for principle of native face, timely trickle.

Large step 2, transplanting nutritious bag also comprise several little step: 1) dig wholely; 2) Nutrition Soil is joined; 3) pack; 4) bud is played; 5) definite value; 6) manage after field planting; 7) management before grafting.

1) dig wholely: select the deep fertile husky earth field of soil layer as nursery lot, then carry out digging wholely; 2) join Nutrition Soil: carefully smash whole for the yellow soil of nursery lot, add 50 grams of fertilizers according to every kilogram of yellow soil, fertilizer and soil are mixed equably, obtains Nutrition Soil; 3) pack: the Nutrition Soil prepared is loaded in bag, during dress soil, real compression will be shaken; 4) play bud: levered up by the seed sprouted at leisure with little sled cutter, get up and sprout, band seed takes out together; 5) definite value: open planting pit with little sled cutter during field planting, the degree of depth is 5 centimetres, opens cave on the other hand, and continuous cropping subband bud inserts in nutritious bag together on the other hand, then both hands compress Nutrition Soil, sprays a normal root water in the most backward nutritious bag; 6) manage after field planting: if fine day, every day all will drench a water, can not occur dry ground in seedling cup; 7) the front management of grafting: plant rear trickle, weeding except lateral bud, uses composite fertilizer's (part by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 13:5:7) of 10 kilograms, at first 5 days of grafting at grafting first 10 days every mu of seedlings, nursery lot is irrigated once, pours water until the drenched degree in ground, nursery.

The rootstock seedling height be bred as 4 months is more than 80 centimetres, and the diameter rugosity of seedling stem overhead 10 centimetres of eminences is 0.8-1 centimetre, and select growing way healthy and strong, the blade of rootstock seedling is roomy, dark green, without damage by disease and insect rootstock seedling as grafting.Large step 3, grafting also comprise several little step: 1) select scion tree; 2) pruning of scion; 3) bud grafting method is opened; 4) bud sheet is cut; 5) bud sheet is laid; 6) colligation.

1) select scion tree: Malaysia No. 1 seeds selecting to be planted in area without shade, require that elite stand is the bearing-age tree in 3-5 age, and growing way is vigorous, branch is healthy and strong, and eye is full, does not have damage by disease and insect; 2) pruning of scion: scion will be cut off from spray, scion is between 15-20 centimetre, and each scion leaves 2-4 eye, after having pruned, the scion of fixing is wrapped immediately with wet cloth; 3) open bud grafting method: by rootstock seedling overhead the blade of less than 15 centimetres remove, at the smooth place of rootstock seedling stem overhead between 10-15 centimetre, with point of a knife from bottom to top, scratch the parallel cut surface that two length are 5-6 centimetre, the width of tangent plane accounts for stock encloses stem 1/3rd, the degree of depth of cut surface arrives the wooden part of seedling stem, tangent plane top is crossed as ligulate, from tip, cortex is provoked gently, from top to bottom cortex is cut out, and cut 2/3rds, leave 1/3rd long segment cortexes, in order to folding up bud sheet; 4) bud sheet is cut: select full leaf bud, to cut sth. askew lower bud sheet with cutter, length is 5-6 centimetre, and the degree of depth of cutting sth. askew will reach wooden part, then wood chip is peeled off, leave cortex and eye, must keep the intact of eye, then cutting back goes to the two ends of bud sheet, be cut into the bud sheet of 4 centimeter length, eye will in centre position, and two ends are respectively 2 centimetres, and such bud sheet is slightly less than the tangent plane on stock stem; 5) bud sheet is laid: the clean of contact pin place be ensured, without rainwater, without earth, other pollutants can not be had, have resin to flow out will wipe clean, to avoid grafting face contaminated, impact survives, by the eye of bud sheet forward upward, be placed on the tangent plane of stock, bud sheet lower end assigns in a bit of cortex that stock stays, and plays fixing effect, a space is left on the both sides of bud sheet a little, facilitates grafting to look unfamiliar and grows healing; 6) colligation: next, use white clear film strip, from bottom to up colligation, faying surface between a upper circle of film strip colligation and next circle, remain on 1/3rd, and the degree of tightness of film strip colligation is suitable for, do not allow rainwater enter, in order to avoid affect the healing of bud sheet, improve survival rate.

Four, the cultivation of grafting, within after grafting 25 days, check Survival rate of nursery stock situation, timely benefit connects or solution is tied up, solution is tied up and can be cut top in rear 7-10 days, cut top latter 20 days, the lateral bud of removing grafting place, every 15-20 days artificial weedings once, execute a liquid manure after weeding again, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, grafting is after 30 days, move grafting in shade, and spray urea quality concentration be 1 ‰-2 ‰ aqueous solution foliage fertilizer topdress as the 1st time, grafting is after 45 days, and same is that the aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 1 ‰-2 ‰ is as the 2nd foliage spray using urea quality concentration.

Through the experienced seedling of nearly 2 months, these graftings grew to 30 centimetres so high, and seedling stem rugosity is between 0.3-0.5 centimetre.The nursery stock of 30 centimetres high, field planting of just must must emerging.Large step 5, grafting are built garden field planting and are also comprised several little step: 1) selection of land builds garden; 2) cave is opened; 3) basal dressing; 4) field planting.

1) selection of land builds garden: select deep, the fertile and loose orcharding of soil layer and plough deeply orcharding; 2) cave is opened: open cave and become lower narrow wide trapezoidal shape, the degree of depth is 50 centimetres, and bottom surface is 40 centimetres of wide squares, and horizontal plane is 60 centimetres of wide squares; 3) basal dressing: after opening cave, first executes one deck base fertilizer, then returns one deck cubsoil, then executes second layer fertilizer, finally returns soil, Hui Tushi, has built the field planting of a 10 centimetres heap above ground level; 4) field planting: the vesicle digging out dark 25 centimetres on field planting heap, unties seedling bag at leisure, uprightly puts into cave, righting seedling, and then return soil to the position concordant with stock stem, last both hands compacting completes field planting, every mu of field planting 18 strain or 19 strains, finally, in planting pit upper cover last layer weeds.

Large step 6, nursery stock management also comprise several little step: 1) prune; 2) weeding; 3) apply fertilizer; 4) vegetables and fruits.

1) prune: select globular model tree crown, 1 the length of time treelet and 1.5 the length of time treelet prune, mainly wipe out the small and weak branch in cloudy branch, old branch, withered branch, tree hall, branch sagging earthward, sick branch, upset branch, the branch that intersects, cultivate excellent vigorous branches, promote reproductive growth, tree body is trained the high yield globular model tree crown be made up of trunk, 3-5 bar major branch, 6-8 bar second branch.As main from the treelet that 1.3-1.5 rice is high in treelet pruning in 1 length of time, cut off treetop at the place shrub and hedge trimmer of 1.5 meters high, the side shoot of less than 1 meter is all wiped out, and stays 3-6 bar side shoot as major branch between 1-1.5 rice, side shoot more than 6 will be cut, and cultivates trunk; Mainly carry out cutting back in major branch distance trunk 80-100 centimeters in treelet pruning in 1.5 length of times, 2 branches that every bar major branch is selected and remain, are trained second branch; 2) weeding: in two years must intertill and clean tillage after plantation, expands cave green manuring, annual intertillage 3-4 time, respectively at 4,7, September respectively once, increase with the age of tree and intertill number of times and can reduce year by year; If strong wind blows down plant want timely righting, ridging cut off part branches and leaves; 3) apply fertilizer: the part by weight of the every strain of 1-2 treelet in the length of time monthly sealing fertilizer 150g(nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15:15:15), execute urea 100g; Bearing-age trees more than 2 ages, when bud sprouted by jack fruit, time inflorescence exposes stamen and gynoecium, the method for ditching-fertilizing is adopted to execute 1 short fertilizers for potted flowers, on tree body south and north flanks or thing both sides, open the strip groove of 1.5 meters long, furrow width 40 centimetres, the strip groove of dark 10 centimetres, every tree organic fertilizer 50 kilograms, composite fertilizer's (part by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15:15:15) 1 kilogram, to promote flower bud differentiation, blooms and the growth of young fruit; When young fruit grows to eggplant size, execute a fruit-promoting fertilizer, the same method adopting ditching-fertilizing, every tree application of organic fertilizers 25-30 kilogram, composite fertilizer's (part by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15:15:15) 150 grams, superphosphate 0.5 kilogram, after using sufficient fertilizer, earthing lid is smooth; 4) vegetables and fruits: for the little tree of 2 years old firm result, every tree stays 2 fruits; Often increase later and one-year-old stay 2-3 jack fruit more, emphasis to select and remain long on trunk, on major branch and on second branch, and the really good fruit of shape, remove disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, intensive fruit, contact to earth really, weak fruit.

Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest: be to longicorn, slug moth, aphid, chafer, cottonycushion scale and fruit soft rot, root rot and anthracnose control; it is more than the insect pest of jackfruit regular incidence; can select protection and curative fungicide agent disease is prevented and treated, to insect select tag with interior absorption medicament carry out prevention and control.

Eight, gather: when filemot patch childhood appears in fruit display, for 7-8 is ripe, at this moment the fruit found a good sale in just can gather, and when pericarp is golden yellow, base of fruit becomes brown, and fruit is 9 maturations.

Above-mentioned large step 2, the little step 2 of transplanting in nutritious bag) join Nutrition Soil, described fertilizer; Large step 5, grafting build the little step 3) basal dressing in the field planting of garden, and the described second layer is fertile; Little step 3) fertilising in large step 6, nursery stock management, described fertilizer; Fertilizer described in this three is: 70% animal wastes+10% of becoming thoroughly decomposed are dried pond sludge+10% filter mud of sugarcane+straw and complemented to 100%.

Above-mentioned large step 2, to transplant in nutritious bag 5) definite value, described normal root water is: 7% carbendazim+0.05% compound sodium nitrophenolate+0.05% Nafusaku+0.05% butyric acid potassium+0.05% heteroauxin sodium+0.5%DA-6+30% biochemical humic acid+2% salicylic acid+2% triacontanol+15% methyl alcohol+water is mended to 100%.Liquid manure described in the cultivation of above-mentioned steps four, grafting is: the clear water that the night soil become thoroughly decomposed according to every kilogram adds 20 kilograms dilutes and get final product.Above-mentioned large step 5, grafting build the little step 3) basal dressing in the field planting of garden, and described base fertilizer is: 15% carbon ammonium+7% fused calcium magnesium phosphate+7% potassium chloride+30% ash+2% potassium sulfate+3% calcium silicates+1% magnesium chloride+0.01% zinc sulphate+0.01% manganese sulphate+0.01% boric acid+0.01% sodium molybdate+animal wastes complement to 100%.Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is: 1, the present invention selects healthy seed, and washes twice seed by rubbing with the hands with clear water, the pulp on fruit grain and sugar is washed by rubbing with the hands totally.Clean up seed to sow again, the infringement of ant can not have been attracted, also do not had the generation of other damage by disease and insect, ensure that bud ratio from root.

2, the external manifestation that jackfruit has well developed root system, preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong, branch is luxuriant, trunk is thick directly, result is many of the inventive method plantation, simultaneously, the wooden spinach fruit properties produced is good, and fruit is large as watermelon, and single weight is between 20-30 kilogram, fresh fruit meat is fragrant and sweet smooth, have special sweet fragrance, sell lover, vegetative period is long, same jackfruit kind exceeds a grade relative to the variety and quality of general planting, substantially increases economic benefit.

3, the present invention with farmers''s decomposed manure as animal wastes such as pig manure, cow dung, sheep excrement, dry pond sludge, filter mud of sugarcane and straw etc. are organic fertilizer application, more easily obtain as general orchard worker, and do not need to buy other special commercial fertilizer for planting pit, short fertilizers for potted flowers and fruit-promoting fertilizer, therefore cost and input reduce greatly, simultaneously for the follow-up robust growth of fruit tree, ahead of time result lay important basis, thus effectively increase the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant.

4, the present invention is from degree of depth aspect, and the base fertilizer be made up of fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and micro-fertilizer is imposed on the bottom, is beneficial to crop root layer absorbing nutrient, and meets the demand of crop to Different Nutrition.

5, the present invention adopts 7% carbendazim+0.05% compound sodium nitrophenolate+0.05% Nafusaku+0.05% butyric acid potassium+0.05% heteroauxin sodium+0.5%DA-6+30% biochemical humic acid+2% salicylic acid+2% triacontanol+15% methyl alcohol+water to mend to 100% as normal root water, make that nursery stock restoration ecosystem is fast, premunition is strong, very effectively facilitate the growth in jackfruit later stage.

6, implantation methods of the present invention adopts the fertilizers such as filter mud of sugarcane, pond sludge and animal wastes, not only effectively improves local soil property environment, also makes soil with organic matter content greatly increase.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

The implantation methods of jackfruit comprises following large step: nursery of, choosing seeds; Two, nutritious bag is transplanted; Three, grafting; Four, the cultivation of grafting; Five, grafting builds garden field planting; Six, nursery stock management; Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest; Eight, gather.

Wherein, large step one, seed selection nursery also comprise several little step: 1) choose seeds; 2) kind is washed; 3) seed sterilizing; 4) husky bed is made; 5) vernalization; 6) husky bed management.

1) choose seeds: the fresh seeds selecting resistance and the adaptable local jack fruit kind be stripped out from fruit, the time more than 48 hours, can not require that kind of grain is ripe, full, outside is smooth, immaculate, does not have wound, does not have the harm of disease worm; 2) kind is washed: the seed selected puts into clear water immediately, hand-launders 2-3 minute; 3) seed sterilizing: the proportioning adding 15 kilograms of clear water according to every 0.5 kilogram of carbendazim 500-800 times liquid adds clear water, and be sterilized sterilization liquid, and seed is into the liquid, until flood seed, allows seed soak 2-3 minute; 4) make husky bed: select thin river sand humidity be 25% make bud bed, the sandy soil first spreading 10-15 cm thick, as bed-sit, are scraped with veneer smooth, are made 10 meters long, the husky bed of 1 meter wide; 5) vernalization: completed bed-sit, by the seed handled well slowly shakedown on husky bed, allow seed scatter, spread the seed that is over, seed covers an aspect husky, thickness is at 2 centimetres, on bud bed upper berth, lid layer does branch weeds, to reach the object of moisturizing of sheltering from heat or light further, and the effect heated in addition; 6) husky bed management: if mean temperature is between 18-30 degree Celsius, vernalization 20 days, if mean temperature is at the weather of 8-18 degree Celsius, vernalization 35 days, period is to keep the moistening for principle of native face, timely trickle.

Large step 2, transplanting nutritious bag also comprise several little step: 1) dig wholely; 2) Nutrition Soil is joined; 3) pack; 4) bud is played; 5) definite value; 6) manage after field planting; 7) management before grafting.

1) dig wholely: select the deep fertile husky earth field of soil layer as nursery lot, then carry out digging wholely; 2) join Nutrition Soil: carefully smash whole for the yellow soil of nursery lot, add 50 grams of fertilizers according to every kilogram of yellow soil, fertilizer and soil are mixed equably, obtains Nutrition Soil; 3) pack: the Nutrition Soil prepared is loaded in bag, during dress soil, real compression will be shaken; 4) play bud: levered up by the seed sprouted at leisure with little sled cutter, get up and sprout, band seed takes out together; 5) definite value: open planting pit with little sled cutter during field planting, the degree of depth is 5 centimetres, opens cave on the other hand, and continuous cropping subband bud inserts in nutritious bag together on the other hand, then both hands compress Nutrition Soil, sprays a normal root water in the most backward nutritious bag; 6) manage after field planting: if fine day, every day all will drench a water, can not occur dry ground in seedling cup; 7) the front management of grafting: plant rear trickle, weeding except lateral bud, uses composite fertilizer's (part by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 13:5:7) of 10 kilograms, at first 5 days of grafting at grafting first 10 days every mu of seedlings, nursery lot is irrigated once, pours water until the drenched degree in ground, nursery.

The rootstock seedling height be bred as 4 months is more than 80 centimetres, and the diameter rugosity of seedling stem overhead 10 centimetres of eminences is 0.8-1 centimetre, and select growing way healthy and strong, the blade of rootstock seedling is roomy, dark green, without damage by disease and insect rootstock seedling as grafting.Large step 3, grafting also comprise several little step: 1) select scion tree; 2) pruning of scion; 3) bud grafting method is opened; 4) bud sheet is cut; 5) bud sheet is laid; 6) colligation.

1) select scion tree: Malaysia No. 1 seeds selecting to be planted in area without shade, require that elite stand is the bearing-age tree in 3-5 age, and growing way is vigorous, branch is healthy and strong, and eye is full, does not have damage by disease and insect; 2) pruning of scion: scion will be cut off from spray, scion is between 15-20 centimetre, and each scion leaves 2-4 eye, after having pruned, the scion of fixing is wrapped immediately with wet cloth; 3) open bud grafting method: by rootstock seedling overhead the blade of less than 15 centimetres remove, at the smooth place of rootstock seedling stem overhead between 10-15 centimetre, with point of a knife from bottom to top, scratch the parallel cut surface that two length are 5-6 centimetre, the width of tangent plane accounts for stock encloses stem 1/3rd, the degree of depth of cut surface arrives the wooden part of seedling stem, tangent plane top is crossed as ligulate, from tip, cortex is provoked gently, from top to bottom cortex is cut out, and cut 2/3rds, leave 1/3rd long segment cortexes, in order to folding up bud sheet; 4) bud sheet is cut: select full leaf bud, to cut sth. askew lower bud sheet with cutter, length is 5-6 centimetre, and the degree of depth of cutting sth. askew will reach wooden part, then wood chip is peeled off, leave cortex and eye, must keep the intact of eye, then cutting back goes to the two ends of bud sheet, be cut into the bud sheet of 4 centimeter length, eye will in centre position, and two ends are respectively 2 centimetres, and such bud sheet is slightly less than the tangent plane on stock stem; 5) bud sheet is laid: the clean of contact pin place be ensured, without rainwater, without earth, other pollutants can not be had, have resin to flow out will wipe clean, to avoid grafting face contaminated, impact survives, by the eye of bud sheet forward upward, be placed on the tangent plane of stock, bud sheet lower end assigns in a bit of cortex that stock stays, and plays fixing effect, a space is left on the both sides of bud sheet a little, facilitates grafting to look unfamiliar and grows healing; 6) colligation: next, use white clear film strip, from bottom to up colligation, faying surface between a upper circle of film strip colligation and next circle, remain on 1/3rd, and the degree of tightness of film strip colligation is suitable for, do not allow rainwater enter, in order to avoid affect the healing of bud sheet, improve survival rate.

Four, the cultivation of grafting, within after grafting 25 days, check Survival rate of nursery stock situation, timely benefit connects or solution is tied up, solution is tied up and can be cut top in rear 7-10 days, cut top latter 20 days, the lateral bud of removing grafting place, every 15-20 days artificial weedings once, execute a liquid manure after weeding again, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, grafting is after 30 days, move grafting in shade, and spray urea quality concentration be 1 ‰-2 ‰ aqueous solution foliage fertilizer topdress as the 1st time, grafting is after 45 days, and same is that the aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 1 ‰-2 ‰ is as the 2nd foliage spray using urea quality concentration.

Through the experienced seedling of nearly 2 months, these graftings grew to 30 centimetres so high, and seedling stem rugosity is between 0.3-0.5 centimetre.The nursery stock of 30 centimetres high, field planting of just must must emerging.Large step 5, grafting are built garden field planting and are also comprised several little step: 1) selection of land builds garden; 2) cave is opened; 3) basal dressing; 4) field planting.

1) selection of land builds garden: select deep, the fertile and loose orcharding of soil layer and plough deeply orcharding; 2) cave is opened: open cave and become lower narrow wide trapezoidal shape, the degree of depth is 50 centimetres, and bottom surface is 40 centimetres of wide squares, and horizontal plane is 60 centimetres of wide squares; 3) basal dressing: after opening cave, first executes one deck base fertilizer, then returns one deck cubsoil, then executes second layer fertilizer, finally returns soil, Hui Tushi, has built the field planting of a 10 centimetres heap above ground level; 4) field planting: the vesicle digging out dark 25 centimetres on field planting heap, unties seedling bag at leisure, uprightly puts into cave, righting seedling, and then return soil to the position concordant with stock stem, last both hands compacting completes field planting, every mu of field planting 18 strain or 19 strains, finally, in planting pit upper cover last layer weeds.

Large step 6, nursery stock management also comprise several little step: 1) prune; 2) weeding; 3) apply fertilizer; 4) vegetables and fruits.

1) prune: select globular model tree crown, 1 the length of time treelet and 1.5 the length of time treelet prune, mainly wipe out the small and weak branch in cloudy branch, old branch, withered branch, tree hall, branch sagging earthward, sick branch, upset branch, the branch that intersects, cultivate excellent vigorous branches, promote reproductive growth, tree body is trained the high yield globular model tree crown be made up of trunk, 3-5 bar major branch, 6-8 bar second branch.As main from the treelet that 1.3-1.5 rice is high in treelet pruning in 1 length of time, cut off treetop at the place shrub and hedge trimmer of 1.5 meters high, the side shoot of less than 1 meter is all wiped out, and stays 3-6 bar side shoot as major branch between 1-1.5 rice, side shoot more than 6 will be cut, and cultivates trunk; Mainly carry out cutting back in major branch distance trunk 80-100 centimeters in treelet pruning in 1.5 length of times, 2 branches that every bar major branch is selected and remain, are trained second branch; 2) weeding: in two years must intertill and clean tillage after plantation, expands cave green manuring, annual intertillage 3-4 time, respectively at 4,7, September respectively once, increase with the age of tree and intertill number of times and can reduce year by year; If strong wind blows down plant want timely righting, ridging cut off part branches and leaves; 3) apply fertilizer: the part by weight of the every strain of 1-2 treelet in the length of time monthly sealing fertilizer 150g(nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15:15:15), execute urea 100g; Bearing-age trees more than 2 ages, when bud sprouted by jack fruit, time inflorescence exposes stamen and gynoecium, the method for ditching-fertilizing is adopted to execute 1 short fertilizers for potted flowers, on tree body south and north flanks or thing both sides, open the strip groove of 1.5 meters long, furrow width 40 centimetres, the strip groove of dark 10 centimetres, every tree organic fertilizer 50 kilograms, composite fertilizer 1 kilogram (part by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15:15:15), to promote flower bud differentiation, blooms and the growth of young fruit; When young fruit grows to eggplant size, execute a fruit-promoting fertilizer, the same method adopting ditching-fertilizing, every tree application of organic fertilizers 25-30 kilogram, composite fertilizer 150 grams (part by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15:15:15), superphosphate 0.5 kilogram, after using sufficient fertilizer, earthing lid is smooth; 4) vegetables and fruits: for the little tree of 2 years old firm result, every tree stays 2 fruits; Often increase later and one-year-old stay 2-3 jack fruit more, emphasis to select and remain long on trunk, on major branch and on second branch, and the really good fruit of shape, remove disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, intensive fruit, contact to earth really, weak fruit.

Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest: be to longicorn, slug moth, aphid, chafer, cottonycushion scale and fruit soft rot, root rot and anthracnose control.

Eight, gather: when filemot patch childhood appears in fruit display, for 7-8 is ripe, at this moment the fruit found a good sale in just can gather, and when pericarp is golden yellow, base of fruit becomes brown, and fruit is 9 maturations.

Above-mentioned large step 2, the little step 2 of transplanting in nutritious bag) join Nutrition Soil, described fertilizer; Large step 5, grafting build the little step 3) basal dressing in the field planting of garden, and the described second layer is fertile; Little step 3) fertilising in large step 6, nursery stock management, described fertilizer; Fertilizer described in this three is: pond sludge+10% filter mud of sugarcane+straw 10% is dried in 70% animal wastes+10% of becoming thoroughly decomposed.

Above-mentioned large step 2, to transplant in nutritious bag 5) definite value, described normal root water is: 7% carbendazim+0.05% compound sodium nitrophenolate+0.05% Nafusaku+0.05% butyric acid potassium+0.05% heteroauxin sodium+0.5%DA-6+30% biochemical humic acid+2% salicylic acid+2% triacontanol+15% methyl alcohol+water is mended to 100%.

The liquid manure described in cultivation of above-mentioned large step 4, grafting is: the clear water that the night soil become thoroughly decomposed according to every kilogram adds 20 kilograms dilutes and get final product.

Above-mentioned large step 5, grafting build the little step 3) basal dressing in the field planting of garden, and described base fertilizer is: 15% carbon ammonium+7% fused calcium magnesium phosphate+7% potassium chloride+30% ash+2% potassium sulfate+3% calcium silicates+1% magnesium chloride+0.01% zinc sulphate+0.01% manganese sulphate+0.01% boric acid+0.01% sodium molybdate+animal wastes complement to 100%.

Claims (10)

1. the implantation methods of jackfruit, is characterized in that: comprise following large step: nursery of, choosing seeds; Two, nutritious bag is transplanted; Three, grafting; Four, the cultivation of grafting; Five, grafting builds garden field planting; Six, nursery stock management; Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest; Eight, gather.

2. the implantation methods of jackfruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described large step one, seed selection nursery comprise following little step:

1) choose seeds: the fresh seeds selecting resistance and the adaptable local jack fruit kind be stripped out from fruit, the time more than 48 hours, can not require that kind of grain is ripe, full, outside is smooth, immaculate, does not have wound, does not have the harm of disease worm; 2) kind is washed: the seed selected puts into clear water immediately, hand-launders 2-3 minute; 3) seed sterilizing: the proportioning adding 15 kilograms of clear water according to every 0.5 kilogram of carbendazim 500-800 times liquid adds clear water, and be sterilized sterilization liquid, and seed is into the liquid, until flood seed, allows seed soak 2-3 minute; 4) make husky bed: select thin river sand humidity be 25% make bud bed, the sandy soil first spreading 10-15 cm thick, as bed-sit, are scraped with veneer smooth, are made 10 meters long, the husky bed of 1 meter wide; 5) vernalization: completed bed-sit, by the seed handled well slowly shakedown on husky bed, allow seed scatter, paving is over seed, and seed covers an aspect husky, thickness is at 2 centimetres, and on bud bed upper berth, lid layer does branch weeds; 6) husky bed management: if mean temperature is between 18-30 degree Celsius, vernalization 20 days, if mean temperature is at the weather of 8-18 degree Celsius, vernalization 35 days, period is to keep the moistening for principle of native face, timely trickle.

3. the implantation methods of jackfruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described large step 2, transplanting nutritious bag comprise following little step:

1) dig wholely: select the deep fertile husky earth field of soil layer as nursery lot, then carry out digging wholely; 2) join Nutrition Soil: carefully smash whole for the yellow soil of nursery lot, add 50 grams of fertilizers according to every kilogram of yellow soil, fertilizer and soil are mixed equably, obtains Nutrition Soil; 3) pack: the Nutrition Soil prepared is loaded in bag, during dress soil, real compression will be shaken; 4) play bud: levered up by the seed sprouted at leisure with little sled cutter, get up and sprout, band seed takes out together; 5) definite value: open planting pit with little sled cutter during field planting, the degree of depth is 5 centimetres, opens cave on the other hand, and continuous cropping subband bud inserts in nutritious bag together on the other hand, then both hands compress Nutrition Soil, sprays a normal root water in the most backward nutritious bag; 6) manage after field planting: if fine day, every day all will drench a water, can not occur dry ground in seedling cup; 7) the front management of grafting: plant rear trickle, weeding except lateral bud, uses the composite fertilizer of 10 kilograms at grafting first 10 days every mu of seedlings, wherein the part by weight of composite fertilizer's nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 13:5:7, at first 5 days of grafting, nursery lot was irrigated once, poured water until the drenched degree in ground, nursery;

Described large step 3, grafting comprise following little step:

1) select scion tree: Malaysia No. 1 seeds selecting to be planted in area without shade, require that elite stand is the bearing-age tree in 3-5 age, and growing way is vigorous, branch is healthy and strong, and eye is full, does not have damage by disease and insect; 2) pruning of scion: scion will be cut off from spray, scion is between 15-20 centimetre, and each scion leaves 2-4 eye, after having pruned, the scion of fixing is wrapped immediately with wet cloth; 3) open bud grafting method: by rootstock seedling overhead the blade of less than 15 centimetres remove, at the smooth place of rootstock seedling stem overhead between 10-15 centimetre, with point of a knife from bottom to top, scratch the parallel cut surface that two length are 5-6 centimetre, the width of tangent plane accounts for stock encloses stem 1/3rd, the degree of depth of cut surface arrives the wooden part of seedling stem, tangent plane top is crossed as ligulate, from tip, cortex is provoked gently, from top to bottom cortex is cut out, and cut 2/3rds, leave 1/3rd long segment cortexes, in order to folding up bud sheet; 4) bud sheet is cut: select full leaf bud, to cut sth. askew lower bud sheet with cutter, length is 5-6 centimetre, and the degree of depth of cutting sth. askew will reach wooden part, is then peeled off by wood chip, leave cortex and eye, must keep the intact of eye, then cutting back goes to the two ends of bud sheet, is cut into the bud sheet of 4 centimeter length, eye will in centre position, and two ends are respectively 2 centimetres; 5) bud sheet is laid: the clean of contact pin place be ensured, without rainwater, without earth, other pollutants can not be had, there is resin to flow out will wipe clean, be placed on the tangent plane of stock by the eye of bud sheet forward upward, bud sheet lower end assigns in a bit of cortex that stock stays, and a space is stayed on the both sides of bud sheet; 6) colligation: next, use white clear film strip, from bottom to up colligation, the faying surface between a upper circle of film strip colligation and next circle, remain on 1/3rd, and the degree of tightness of film strip colligation is suitable for, and rainwater can not be allowed to enter.

4. the implantation methods of jackfruit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described large step 4, the cultivation of grafting: check Survival rate of nursery stock situation in after grafting 25 days, timely benefit connects or solution is tied up, solution is tied up and can be cut top in rear 7-10 days, cut top latter 20 days, the lateral bud of removing grafting place, every 15-20 days artificial weedings once, a liquid manure is executed again after weeding, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, grafting is after 30 days, move grafting in shade, and spray urea quality concentration be 1 ‰-2 ‰ aqueous solution foliage fertilizer topdress as the 1st time, grafting is after 45 days, same is that the aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 1 ‰-2 ‰ is as the 2nd foliage spray using urea quality concentration.

5. the implantation methods of jackfruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described large step 5, grafting are built garden field planting and comprised following little step:

1) selection of land builds garden: select deep, the fertile and loose orcharding of soil layer and plough deeply orcharding; 2) cave is opened: open cave and become lower narrow wide trapezoidal shape, the degree of depth is 50 centimetres, and bottom surface is 40 centimetres of wide squares, and horizontal plane is 60 centimetres of wide squares; 3) basal dressing: after opening cave, first executes one deck base fertilizer, then returns one deck cubsoil, then executes second layer fertilizer, finally returns soil, Hui Tushi, has built the field planting of a 10 centimetres heap above ground level; 4) field planting: the vesicle digging out dark 25 centimetres on field planting heap, unties seedling bag at leisure, uprightly puts into cave, righting seedling, and then return soil to the position concordant with stock stem, both hands compacting completes field planting, every mu of field planting 18 strain or 19 strains, finally, in planting pit upper cover last layer weeds;

Described large step 6, nursery stock supervisory packet are containing following little step:

1) prune: select globular model tree crown, 1 the length of time treelet and 1.5 the length of time treelet prune, mainly wipe out the small and weak branch in cloudy branch, old branch, withered branch, tree hall, branch sagging earthward, sick branch, upset branch, the branch that intersects, tree body is trained the high yield globular model tree crown be made up of trunk, 3-5 bar major branch, 6-8 bar second branch; 2) weeding: in two years must intertill and clean tillage after plantation, expands cave green manuring, annual intertillage 3-4 time, respectively at 4,7, September respectively once; If strong wind blows down plant want timely righting, ridging cut off part branches and leaves; 3) apply fertilizer: the every strain of 1-2 treelet in the length of time monthly sealing fertilizer 150g, wherein the part by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15:15:15, executes urea 100g; Bearing-age trees more than 2 ages, when jack fruit sprouts bud, time inflorescence exposes stamen and gynoecium, the method of ditching-fertilizing is adopted to execute 1 short fertilizers for potted flowers, on tree body south and north flanks or thing both sides, open the strip groove of 1.5 meters long, furrow width 40 centimetres, the strip groove of dark 10 centimetres, every tree organic fertilizer 50 kilograms, composite fertilizer 1 kilogram, wherein the part by weight of composite fertilizer's nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15:15:15, to promote flower bud differentiation, bloom and the growth of young fruit; When young fruit grows to eggplant size, execute a fruit-promoting fertilizer, the same method adopting ditching-fertilizing, every tree application of organic fertilizers 25-30 kilogram, composite fertilizer 150 grams, wherein the part by weight of composite fertilizer's nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15:15:15, superphosphate 0.5 kilogram, after using sufficient fertilizer, earthing lid is smooth; 4) vegetables and fruits: for the little tree of 2 years old firm result, every tree stays 2 fruits; Often increase later and one-year-old stay 2-3 jack fruit more, emphasis to select and remain long on trunk, on major branch and on second branch, and the really good fruit of shape, remove disease wormed fruit, malformed fruit, intensive fruit, contact to earth really, weak fruit.

6. the implantation methods of jackfruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described large step 7, the extermination of disease and insect pest be to longicorn, slug moth, aphid, chafer, cottonycushion scale and fruit soft rot, root rot and anthracnose control;

Described large step 8, to gather be occur filemot patch childhood when fruit display, and be that 7-8 is ripe, at this moment the fruit found a good sale in gathers, and when pericarp be golden yellow, base of fruit becomes brown, and fruit is 9 ripe, sells in local or oneself is edible.

7. the implantation methods of the jackfruit according to claim 1 or 3 or 5, is characterized in that: above-mentioned large step 2, the little step 2 of transplanting in nutritious bag) join Nutrition Soil, described fertilizer; Large step 5, grafting build the little step 3) basal dressing in the field planting of garden, and the described second layer is fertile; Little step 3) fertilising in large step 6, nursery stock management, described fertilizer; Fertilizer described in this three is: 70% animal wastes+10% of becoming thoroughly decomposed are dried pond sludge+10% filter mud of sugarcane+straw and complemented to 100%.

8. transplanting nutritious bag according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described normal root water is: 7% carbendazim+0.05% compound sodium nitrophenolate+0.05% Nafusaku+0.05% butyric acid potassium+0.05% heteroauxin sodium+0.5%DA-6+30% biochemical humic acid+2% salicylic acid+2% triacontanol+15% methyl alcohol+water is mended to 100%.

9. the cultivation of grafting according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described liquid manure is: the clear water that the night soil become thoroughly decomposed according to every kilogram adds 20 kilograms dilutes and get final product.

10. grafting according to claim 5 builds garden field planting, it is characterized in that: the base fertilizer described in little step 3) basal dressing is: 15% carbon ammonium+7% fused calcium magnesium phosphate+7% potassium chloride+30% ash+2% potassium sulfate+3% calcium silicates+1% magnesium chloride+0.01% zinc sulphate+0.01% manganese sulphate+0.01% boric acid+0.01% sodium molybdate+animal wastes complement to 100%.