CN114223452A - Potting method of jackfruit - Google Patents
Potting method of jackfruit Download PDFInfo
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- CN114223452A CN114223452A CN202111414227.7A CN202111414227A CN114223452A CN 114223452 A CN114223452 A CN 114223452A CN 202111414227 A CN202111414227 A CN 202111414227A CN 114223452 A CN114223452 A CN 114223452A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/10—Catching insects by using Traps
- A01M1/106—Catching insects by using Traps for flying insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/012—Flying insects
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Abstract
The invention relates to a potting method of jackfruit, which comprises the steps of variety selection, matrix preparation, potting and planting and cultivation management, wherein the cultivation management comprises water management, fertilizer management, insect pest management and disease management, the insect pest management comprises the prevention and control management of yellow-fin silk moth, and the specific method for the prevention and control management of the yellow-fin silk moth comprises the following steps: (1) spraying high-efficiency cyfluthrin liquid medicine during the full incubation period of the yellow-fin diaphania punctiferalis eggs until the larvae are damaged by boring; (2) for the yellow-fin serici setalis imagoes, a food source attractant is adopted for trapping and killing, and the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4-0.6: 10:20:10: 80. The invention provides the potting planting method which is economical, practical, simple to operate and suitable for the jackfruit, and the ornamental value and the application value of the jackfruit potting can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a potting method for fruit trees, in particular to a potting method for jackfruit, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
Jackfruit is a tropical and subtropical fruit tree of the genus arborvitae of the family Moraceae, and shares the beauty of "tropical fruit queen" and "tooth fragrance". The introduction and cultivation of jackfruit in China has a history of more than a thousand years so far, and the jackfruit is planted in tropical and south subtropical regions in China at present. The jackfruit is sweet in taste and strong in fragrance, contains rich sugar, protein and the like, is high in nutritional value, and is well received by the broad masses.
In recent years, many excellent jackfruit varieties are introduced from abroad in China, and the jackfruit varieties have different types such as large, medium and small fruit types, high yield and cold intolerance types, four-season fruit types and the like, are sweet and crisp in taste, and are favored by the vast citizens. The jackfruit is not cold-resistant and is not suitable for field planting in most areas, and the potted planting of the jackfruit can improve the ornamental value of the jackfruit and expand the planting range of the jackfruit when the jackfruit is moved into a greenhouse for planting in winter. As the jackfruit is a tropical and subtropical arbor, the techniques of dwarfing cultivation, production period adjustment, flower and fruit control and the like are mastered, and the ornamental value and the application value of the jackfruit pot culture are greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pot planting method which is economical, practical, simple to operate and suitable for jack fruit.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the pot culture method of the jackfruit comprises the steps of variety selection, matrix preparation, potting, field planting and cultivation management, wherein the cultivation management comprises water management, fertilizer management, insect pest management and disease management, the insect pest management comprises the prevention and control management of the yellow-fin silk moth, and the specific method for the prevention and control management of the yellow-fin silk moth comprises the following steps: (1) spraying high-efficiency cyfluthrin liquid medicine during the full incubation period of the yellow-fin diaphania punctiferalis eggs until the larvae are damaged by boring; (2) for the yellow-fin serici setalis imagoes, a food source attractant is adopted for trapping and killing, and the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4-0.6: 10:20:10: 80.
More preferably, the usage concentration of the beta-cyfluthrin liquid medicine is 2.5 percent of beta-cyfluthrin diluted 2000-2500 times liquid.
Further preferably, the variety selection step specifically comprises: selecting small and medium fruit type jackfruit varieties including Tai honey No. 8, and Chang or Haidao No. 1.
Further preferably, the matrix preparation step specifically comprises: uniformly mixing 4-8 parts of garden soil or pond sludge, 3-6 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1-2 parts of grass carbon to prepare the matrix.
Preferably, the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting cassava residue or bagasse with the content of 40%, sheep manure or chicken manure with the content of 45%, calcium magnesium phosphate with the content of 10% and urea with the content of 5% until the fertilizer is fully decomposed.
Further preferably, in the step of potting and field planting, a root control container is adopted for field planting, and root fixing water is poured after field planting, wherein the root fixing water is 20-40mg/L indolebutyric acid aqueous solution.
Further preferably, the fertilizer management comprises applying a tip strengthening and rejuvenating fertilizer, a flower and fruit promoting fertilizer and an anti-cracking fertilizer;
the application method of the strong tip rejuvenation fertilizer comprises the steps of applying 20-40g of humic acid type compound fertilizer with the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54% and N, P, K, 18 to 18 in each pot before sprouting in early 3-month days, spring tip in 9 months and after fruit picking;
the application method of the flower promoting and fruit strengthening fertilizer comprises the steps of spraying 1000 times of the Dugao liquid boron fertilizer every 10-15 days before blooming in the last 2 months of each year, and spraying for 1-2 times in total; after inflorescence pumping, spraying 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500 times of 2000 times of boron liquid fertilizer once every 15-20 days until the physiological fruit drop period; after physiological fruit drop, spraying and applying the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer which is easy to be harvested more for 1-2 times every 15-20 days, wherein the dosage of each pot is 20-30g, and the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is diluted by 400 times and applied by flushing; spraying 800-fold and 1000-fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer per 15-20 days;
the application method of the anti-cracking fertilizer comprises the step of spraying 800-fold high-strength calcium-magnesium fertilizer every 15-20 days after the transverse diameter of the fruit is more than or equal to 8 cm in the fruit expansion period.
Further preferably, the disease management comprises the prevention and control of soft rot, fruit rot and anthracnose of flowers and fruits, and specifically comprises the following steps: spraying the inflorescence, the fruit and the leaves with 800-fold liquid spray diluted by 25 percent of prochloraz at the flowering period and the young fruit period or with 800-fold liquid spray diluted by 47 percent of kasuga copper wettable powder at the 500 percent of coppery.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the container used for potting is a root control container, so that the air permeability and the water permeability are strong, accumulated water is not easy to cause, the occurrence of root rot can be reduced, the growth of main roots can be limited, and winding roots cannot be formed; promoting the growth of lateral roots, increasing the number of the lateral roots, promoting the lateral roots to be short and strong, promoting the vigorous growth of plants, having obvious advantages on the cultivation and transplantation of large seedlings and seasonal transplantation and improving the survival rate of potted plants;
2. the selected variety is a bred variety, the fruit type is positive and beautiful, and the fruit quality is high; particularly, Tai Mi No. 8 is early in fruiting and high in yield, can blossom and bear fruits annually under the condition of proper temperature, and can adjust the fruit period and prolong the fruit viewing time by trimming inflorescences in batches;
3. the sprayed high-strength calcium-magnesium fertilizer is a high-concentration suspension chelating preparation, and can strengthen roots, fruits, prevent cracking and yellow leaves and improve the quality of the fruits;
4. the adopted insect pest prevention and control method has small pollution and high efficiency.
5. The invention is economical and practical, simple in operation and easy to popularize.
Detailed Description
Pineapple honey Huang-Lian spun wild snout moth's larva prevention and control test
105 potted seedlings of 2-year-old jackfruit No. 8 jackfruit were selected and divided into 7 test areas, 15 potted seedlings in each test area were used for controlling diaphania citrina punctifera by the method of examples 1 to 7 below.
Example 1:
preventing and treating yellow-fin diaphania punctiferalis, and spraying 2000 times of 2.5% efficient cyfluthrin solution from the full incubation period of 5-10 months to the damage of boring larvae; adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4:10:20:10:80, yellow traps are hung at the height of 1.2-1.5m of the trunk of the jack fruit tree, 120ml of food source attractant is contained in 1 trap, the food source attractant can be replaced once in 20 days under the condition of few nymphs in the traps, and if more insects are trapped, the food source attractant is replaced and the insects are cleaned in time.
Example 2
Preventing and treating yellow-fin diaphania punctiferalis, and spraying 2000 times of 2.5% efficient cyfluthrin solution from the full incubation period of 5-10 months to the damage of boring larvae; adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.5:10:20:10:80, yellow traps are hung at the height of 1.2-1.5m of the trunk of the jack fruit tree, 120ml of food source attractant is contained in 1 trap, the food source attractant can be replaced once in 20 days under the condition of few nymphs in the traps, and if more insects are trapped, the food source attractant is replaced and the insects are cleaned in time.
Example 3
Preventing and treating yellow-fin diaphania punctiferalis, and spraying 2500 times of 2.5% of efficient cyfluthrin solution from the full incubation period of 5-10 months to the damage of boring larvae; adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.6:10:20:10:80, yellow traps are hung at the height of 1.2-1.5m of the trunk of the jack fruit tree, 120ml of food source attractant is contained in 1 trap, the food source attractant can be replaced once in 20 days under the condition of few nymphs in the traps, and if more insects are trapped, the food source attractant is replaced and the insects are cleaned in time.
Example 4
Preventing and treating yellow-fin diaphania punctiferalis, and spraying 2000 times of 2.5% efficient cyfluthrin solution from the full incubation period of 5-10 months to the damage of boring larvae; adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.3:10:20:10:80, yellow traps are hung at the height of 1.2-1.5m of the trunk of the jack fruit tree, 120ml of food source attractant is contained in 1 trap, the food source attractant can be replaced once in 20 days under the condition of few nymphs in the traps, and if more insects are trapped, the food source attractant is replaced and the insects are cleaned in time.
Example 5
Preventing and treating yellow-fin diaphania punctiferalis, and spraying 2000 times of 2.5% efficient cyfluthrin solution from the full incubation period of 5-10 months to the damage of boring larvae; adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, the food source attractant is prepared from brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 10:20:10:80, yellow traps are hung at the height of 1.2-1.5m of the trunk of the jackfruit tree, 120ml of food source attractant is contained in 1 trap, the food source attractant can be replaced once in 20 days under the condition of few nymphs in the traps, and if more attracted insects exist, the food source attractant is replaced and the insects are cleaned in time.
Example 6
Preventing and treating yellow-fin diaphania punctiferalis, and spraying 2000 times of 2.5% efficient cyfluthrin solution from the full incubation period of 5-10 months to the damage of boring larvae; the adults did not take any control measures.
Example 7
No yellow-fin diaphania punctiferalis control measures are used.
The control effect of each example on the yellow-fin diaphania sessiliflorus is shown in the following table:
| group of embodiments | Rate of prevention and cure |
| Example 1 | 94％ |
| Example 2 | 97％ |
| Example 3 | 93％ |
| Example 4 | 75％ |
| Example 5 | 67％ |
| Example 6 | 61％ |
| Example 7 | 0 |
According to the test results in the table, the control effect of the diaphania flavipes is good, the adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant which is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4-0.6: 10:20:10:80 by spraying 2.5% of high-efficiency cyfluthrin 2000-2500-fold liquid from the peak stage of hatching of diaphania flavipes eggs to the damage of boring and boring of larvae.
Second, the potted planting method of the jackfruit (the percentage content and the parts are the weight ratio)
Example 1:
(1) variety selection: haidao No. 1 jackfruit.
(2) Selecting nursery stocks: the 1-year-old grafted seedlings are robust and free of diseases and insect pests, the stem thickness is more than or equal to 1.2 cm, and the height of a grafting port is more than or equal to 10 cm and less than or equal to 20 cm.
(3) Pretreatment: pruning the selected nursery stocks, and pruning dense branches, spindly branches, crossed branches and insect-infected branches.
(4) Preparing a matrix: the matrix is formed by uniformly mixing 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of grass carbon. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting cassava residue with the content of 40%, sheep manure with the content of 45%, calcium magnesium phosphate with the content of 10% and urea with the content of 5% until the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed.
(5) And (3) potting and field planting: and in 2018, in 3 months, the treated nursery stock is moved into a root control container with the height of 60 cm and the diameter of 40 cm, the substrate is backfilled, the mixture is compacted, and sufficient root fixing water is sprayed. Root fixing water is irrigated with 30mg/L aqueous indolebutyric acid solution.
(6) Cultivation management
Shading the shady: shading treatment is carried out on the potted plant by using a 75% shading net from potting to before twice tip pumping, wherein shading mainly means that the root of the potted plant seedling does not grow well or adapt to the environment of the pot, and burns, withering and even death caused by water transpiration and high-temperature insolation are reduced.
Water content management: and (3) watering once a day in the first month of putting into the basin to ensure that the water content of the substrate is not lower than 70% and no water is accumulated. In the fruit growing period, water is sprayed once in 3 days generally, and water cannot be sprayed after long-term drought, otherwise fruit cracking is easily caused.
Fertilizer management:
tip strengthening (rejuvenation) fertilizer: 20g of humic acid type compound fertilizer with the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54 percent and N: P: K: 18:18:18 is applied to each ditch of each basin before 3-month early spring, 9-month spring top sprouting and after fruit picking every year.
Flower promoting and fruit strengthening fertilizer: spraying 1500 times of Dougao liquid boron fertilizer every 10 days before blooming in 2 last ten days, and spraying for 2 times in total. After inflorescence pumping, spraying 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500 times of boron liquid fertilizer to physiological fruit drop period every 15 days. After physiological fruit dropping, the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (11.5-5-43.5+ TE) is sprayed and easily harvested 1 time every 15 days, the dosage of each pot is 30g, and the fertilizer is diluted by 400 times and applied by flushing. Spraying 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer once every 15 days.
Cracking prevention: in the fruit expansion period, 800 times of high-strength calcium magnesium fertilizer is sprayed every 15 days after the transverse diameter of the fruit is more than or equal to 8 cm.
Shaping and trimming: in time with cultivated in a pot carry out the plastic for open heart type: when the potted plant is shaped, topping or cutting off the trunk at a position of 50 cm, selecting and reserving 3 main branches which are uniformly distributed, pulling the branches when the branches are too upright, topping or cutting off the main branches again when the main branches grow to about 20 cm, controlling the number of the meristematic stages to be 4-5, and trimming the upright branches, the over dense branches, the cross branches and the downward hanging branches.
Dwarfing: after the tree body is potted, spraying 30mg/L uniconazole to the potted plant for 1 time every month, keeping the leaves moist and not dripping, shortening internode distance, inhibiting branch growth and dwarfing the potted plant.
Pest control: the insect pests mainly control the yellow-fin sericinus punctatus, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyfluthrin 2000-fold liquid is sprayed from the full incubation period of 5-10 months to before the damage of boring and moth-eating of larvae, adults are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, and the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.5:10:20:10: 80.
Disease control: the disease is mainly used for preventing and treating soft rot, fruit rot and anthracnose of flowers and fruits, and the 25% prochloraz 800-fold liquid is regularly sprayed to spray inflorescence, fruits, leaves and the like in the flowering period and the young fruit period.
Thinning fruits: as the jackfruit is a large fruit, the number of the potted loaded fruits cannot be too large, and the number of the fruits is reserved according to the variety, the tree vigor and the tree age. 2 fruits are remained at three-year age, and 3 fruits are remained at four-year age; fruit is reserved on each main branch, and the fruit is not reserved on one main branch in a centralized manner; after physiological fruit dropping, small fruits with poor pollination and abnormal fruit types are trimmed, fruits which are not on the same main branch are reserved as much as possible, and the small fruits with excessive density are thinned and sheared; in order to ensure the ornamental value of the potted plant, fruits which are pollinated in different batches are selected and reserved, and the fruit observation time is prolonged.
Cold protection: the Haoda No. 1 has strong cold resistance, and can be covered by a film for heat preservation at the temperature of lower than 8 ℃ in the coastal region of south Guangxi; spraying 10000 times of Bibao (gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, brassinolide growth regulator) every 10 days at a temperature lower than 10 ℃ for 3 times.
Example 2:
(1) variety selection: haidao No. 1 jackfruit.
(2) Selecting nursery stocks: the 2-year-old grafted seedlings are robust and free of diseases and insect pests, the stem thickness is more than or equal to 1.2 cm, and the height of a grafting port is more than or equal to 10 cm and less than or equal to 20 cm.
(3) Pretreatment: pruning the selected nursery stocks, controlling the overall height to be less than or equal to 1.2 meters, topping or cutting off the trunks, and pruning dense branches, spindly branches, crossed branches and insect-plague branches.
(4) Preparing a matrix: the matrix is formed by uniformly mixing 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of grass carbon. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting bagasse with the content of 40%, chicken manure with the content of 45%, calcium magnesium phosphate with the content of 10% and urea with the content of 5% until the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed.
(5) And (3) potting and field planting: and in 2018, in 3 months, the treated nursery stock is moved into a root control container with the height of 60 cm and the diameter of 40 cm, the substrate is backfilled, the mixture is compacted, and sufficient root fixing water is sprayed. Root fixing water is irrigated with 40mg/L aqueous indolebutyric acid solution.
(6) Cultivation management
Shading the shady: shading treatment is carried out on the potted plant by using a 75% shading net from potting to before twice tip pumping, wherein shading mainly means that the root of the potted plant seedling does not grow well or adapt to the environment of the pot, and burns, withering and even death caused by water transpiration and high-temperature insolation are reduced.
Water content management: and (3) watering once a day in the first month of putting into the basin to ensure that the water content of the substrate is not lower than 70% and no water is accumulated. In the fruit growing period, water is sprayed once in 3 days generally, and water cannot be sprayed after long-term drought, otherwise fruit cracking is easily caused.
Fertilizer management:
tip strengthening (rejuvenation) fertilizer: 30g of humic acid type compound fertilizer with the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54 percent and N: P: K: 18:18:18 is applied to each ditch of each basin before 3-month early spring, 9-month spring top sprouting and after fruit picking every year.
Flower promoting and fruit strengthening fertilizer: spraying 1500 times of Dougao liquid boron fertilizer every 10 days before blooming in 2 last ten days, and spraying for 2 times in total. After inflorescence pumping, spraying 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500 times of boron liquid fertilizer to physiological fruit drop period every 15 days. After physiological fruit dropping, the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (11.5-5-43.5+ TE) is sprayed and easily harvested 1 time every 15 days, the dosage of each pot is 30g, and the fertilizer is diluted by 400 times and applied by flushing. Spraying 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer once every 15 days.
Cracking prevention: in the fruit expansion period, 800 times of high-strength calcium magnesium fertilizer is sprayed every 15 days after the transverse diameter of the fruit is more than or equal to 8 cm.
Shaping and trimming: in time will be cultivated in a pot and carry out the plastic for trunk bilayer type: when the potted plant is shaped, 2 symmetrically distributed main branches are reserved at a position 50 cm away from a trunk of the first layer, and the included angle between each main branch and the trunk is 60-80 degrees; the second layer is subject to topping or short-cutting at the position of 100 cm of the trunk, and 3 main branches which are uniformly distributed are selected and reserved. If the branches are too upright, branch pulling is carried out, the main branches grow to about 20 cm, topping or chopping is carried out again, and the number of meristematic stages is controlled to be 4-5. Trimming upright branches, dense branches, cross branches and downward hanging branches.
Dwarfing: after the tree body is potted, spraying 30mg/L uniconazole to the potted plant for 1 time every month, keeping the leaves moist and not dripping, shortening internode distance, inhibiting branch growth and dwarfing the potted plant.
Pest control: the insect pests mainly control the yellow-fin sericinus punctatus, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyfluthrin 2000-fold liquid is sprayed from the full incubation period of 5-10 months to before the damage of boring and moth-eating of larvae, adults are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, and the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.5:10:20:10: 80.
Disease control: the disease is mainly used for preventing and treating soft rot, fruit rot and anthracnose of flowers and fruits, and the inflorescence, fruits, leaves and the like are sprayed by using 500-time liquid spray of 47% Chunlei and copper oxychloride wettable powder at a flowering stage and a young fruit stage.
Thinning fruits: as the jackfruit is a large fruit, the number of the potted loaded fruits cannot be too large, and the number of the fruits is reserved according to the variety, the tree vigor and the tree age. 2 fruits are remained at three-year age, and 3 fruits are remained at four-year age; fruit is reserved on each main branch, and the fruit is not reserved on one main branch in a centralized manner; after physiological fruit dropping, small fruits with poor pollination and abnormal fruit types are trimmed, fruits which are not on the same main branch are reserved as much as possible, and the small fruits with excessive density are thinned and sheared; in order to ensure the ornamental value of the potted plant, fruits which are pollinated in different batches are selected and reserved, and the fruit observation time is prolonged.
Cold protection: the Haoda No. 1 has strong cold resistance, and can be covered by a film for heat preservation at the temperature of lower than 8 ℃ in the coastal region of south Guangxi; spraying 10000 times of Bibao (gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, brassinolide growth regulator) every 10 days at a temperature lower than 10 ℃ for 3 times.
Example 3:
(1) variety selection: jack fruit No. 8.
(2) Selecting nursery stocks: the 1-year-old grafted seedlings are robust and free of diseases and insect pests, the stem thickness is more than or equal to 1.2 cm, and the height of a grafting port is more than or equal to 10 cm and less than or equal to 20 cm.
(3) Pretreatment: pruning the selected nursery stocks, and pruning dense branches, spindly branches, crossed branches and insect-infected branches.
(4) Preparing a matrix: the matrix is formed by uniformly mixing 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of grass carbon. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting cassava residue with the content of 40%, sheep manure with the content of 45%, calcium magnesium phosphate with the content of 10% and urea with the content of 5% until the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed.
(5) And (3) potting and field planting: and in 2018, in 3 months, the treated nursery stock is moved into a root control container with the height of 60 cm and the diameter of 40 cm, the substrate is backfilled, the mixture is compacted, and sufficient root fixing water is sprayed. Root fixing water is irrigated with 30mg/L aqueous indolebutyric acid solution.
(6) Cultivation management
Shading the shady: shading treatment is carried out on the potted plant by using a 75% shading net from potting to before twice tip pumping, wherein shading mainly means that the root of the potted plant seedling does not grow well or adapt to the environment of the pot, and burns, withering and even death caused by water transpiration and high-temperature insolation are reduced.
Water content management: and (3) watering once a day in the first month of putting into the basin to ensure that the water content of the substrate is not lower than 70% and no water is accumulated. In the fruit growing period, water is sprayed once in 3 days generally, and water cannot be sprayed after long-term drought, otherwise fruit cracking is easily caused.
Fertilizer management:
tip strengthening (rejuvenation) fertilizer: 20g of humic acid type compound fertilizer with the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54 percent and N: P: K: 18:18:18 is applied to each ditch of each basin before 3-month early spring, 9-month spring top sprouting and after fruit picking every year.
Flower promoting and fruit strengthening fertilizer: spraying 1500 times of Dougao liquid boron fertilizer every 10 days before blooming in 2 last ten days, and spraying for 2 times in total. After inflorescence pumping, spraying 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500 times of boron liquid fertilizer to physiological fruit drop period every 15 days. After physiological fruit dropping, the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (11.5-5-43.5+ TE) is sprayed and easily harvested 1 time every 15 days, the dosage of each pot is 30g, and the fertilizer is diluted by 400 times and applied by flushing. Spraying 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer once every 15 days.
Cracking prevention: in the fruit expansion period, 800 times of high-strength calcium magnesium fertilizer is sprayed every 15 days after the transverse diameter of the fruit is more than or equal to 8 cm.
Shaping and trimming: in time with cultivated in a pot carry out the plastic for open heart type: when the potted plant is shaped, topping or cutting off the trunk at a position of 50 cm, selecting and reserving 3 main branches which are uniformly distributed, pulling the branches when the branches are too upright, topping or cutting off the main branches again when the main branches grow to about 20 cm, controlling the number of the meristematic stages to be 4-5, and trimming the upright branches, the over dense branches, the cross branches and the downward hanging branches.
Dwarfing: after the tree body is potted, spraying 30mg/L uniconazole to the potted plant for 1 time every month, keeping the leaves moist and not dripping, shortening internode distance, inhibiting branch growth and dwarfing the potted plant.
Pest control: the insect pests mainly control the yellow-fin sericinus punctatus, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyfluthrin 2000-fold liquid is sprayed from the full incubation period of 5-10 months to before the damage of boring and moth-eating of larvae, adults are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, and the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.6:10:20:10: 80.
Disease control: the disease is mainly used for preventing and treating soft rot, fruit rot and anthracnose of flowers and fruits, and the 25% prochloraz 800-fold liquid is regularly sprayed to spray inflorescence, fruits, leaves and the like in the flowering period and the young fruit period.
Thinning fruits: as the jackfruit is a large fruit, the number of the potted loaded fruits cannot be too large, and the number of the fruits is reserved according to the variety, the tree vigor and the tree age. Tai Mi No. 8 generally leaves flowers at the second tree age, leaves 1 fruit at the second tree age, leaves 2 fruits at the third tree age, and leaves 3 fruits at the fourth tree age; fruit is reserved on each main branch, and the fruit is not reserved on one main branch in a centralized manner; after physiological fruit dropping, small fruits with poor pollination and abnormal fruit types are trimmed, fruits which are not on the same main branch are reserved as much as possible, and the small fruits with excessive density are thinned and sheared; in order to ensure the ornamental value of the potted plant, inflorescences can be selected and reserved in batches in 3 months, 6 months and 9 months, fruits with different batches for pollination are selected and reserved, the fruit period is adjusted, and the fruit tree hanging time is prolonged.
Cold protection: taimi No. 8 is weak in cold resistance, and potted plants can be moved into a greenhouse in the middle and last ten days of 12 months to 2 months in the coastal region in the south of Guangxi; the temperature can be kept by covering with a film at the temperature lower than 8 ℃ without a greenhouse; spraying 10000 times of Bibao (gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, brassinolide growth regulator) every 10 days at a temperature lower than 10 ℃ for 3 times.
Example 4:
(1) variety selection: jack fruit No. 8.
(2) Selecting nursery stocks: the 2-year-old grafted seedlings are robust and free of diseases and insect pests, the stem thickness is more than or equal to 1.2 cm, and the height of a grafting port is more than or equal to 10 cm and less than or equal to 20 cm.
(3) Pretreatment: pruning the selected nursery stocks, controlling the overall height to be less than or equal to 1.2 meters, topping or cutting off the trunks, and pruning dense branches, spindly branches, crossed branches and insect-plague branches.
(4) Preparing a matrix: the matrix is formed by uniformly mixing 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of grass carbon. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting bagasse with the content of 40%, chicken manure with the content of 45%, calcium magnesium phosphate with the content of 10% and urea with the content of 5% until the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed.
(5) And (3) potting and field planting: and in 2018, in 3 months, the treated nursery stock is moved into a root control container with the height of 60 cm and the diameter of 40 cm, the substrate is backfilled, the mixture is compacted, and sufficient root fixing water is sprayed. Root fixing water is irrigated with 40mg/L aqueous indolebutyric acid solution.
(6) Cultivation management
Shading the shady: shading treatment is carried out on the potted plant by using a 75% shading net from potting to before twice tip pumping, wherein shading mainly means that the root of the potted plant seedling does not grow well or adapt to the environment of the pot, and burns, withering and even death caused by water transpiration and high-temperature insolation are reduced.
Water content management: and (3) watering once a day in the first month of putting into the basin to ensure that the water content of the substrate is not lower than 70% and no water is accumulated. In the fruit growing period, water is sprayed once in 3 days generally, and water cannot be sprayed after long-term drought, otherwise fruit cracking is easily caused.
Fertilizer management:
tip strengthening (rejuvenation) fertilizer: 30g of humic acid type compound fertilizer with the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54 percent and N: P: K: 18:18:18 is applied to each ditch of each basin before 3-month early spring, 9-month spring top sprouting and after fruit picking every year.
Flower promoting and fruit strengthening fertilizer: spraying 1500 times of Dougao liquid boron fertilizer every 10 days before blooming in 2 last ten days, and spraying for 2 times in total. After inflorescence pumping, spraying 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500 times of boron liquid fertilizer to physiological fruit drop period every 15 days. After physiological fruit dropping, the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (11.5-5-43.5+ TE) is sprayed and easily harvested 1 time every 15 days, the dosage of each pot is 30g, and the fertilizer is diluted by 400 times and applied by flushing. Spraying 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer once every 15 days.
Cracking prevention: in the fruit expansion period, 800 times of high-strength calcium magnesium fertilizer is sprayed every 15 days after the transverse diameter of the fruit is more than or equal to 8 cm.
Shaping and trimming: in time will be cultivated in a pot and carry out the plastic for trunk bilayer type: when the potted plant is shaped, 2 symmetrically distributed main branches are reserved at a position 50 cm away from a trunk of the first layer, and the included angle between each main branch and the trunk is 60-80 degrees; the second layer is subject to topping or short-cutting at the position of 100 cm of the trunk, and 3 main branches which are uniformly distributed are selected and reserved. If the branches are too upright, branch pulling is carried out, the main branches grow to about 20 cm, topping or chopping is carried out again, and the number of meristematic stages is controlled to be 4-5. Trimming upright branches, dense branches, cross branches and downward hanging branches.
Dwarfing: after the tree body is potted, spraying 30mg/L uniconazole to the potted plant for 1 time every month, keeping the leaves moist and not dripping, shortening internode distance, inhibiting branch growth and dwarfing the potted plant.
Pest control: the insect pests mainly control the yellow-fin sericinus punctatus, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyfluthrin 2000-fold liquid is sprayed from the full incubation period of 5-10 months to before the damage of boring and moth-eating of larvae, adults are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, and the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4:10:20:10: 80.
Disease control: the disease is mainly used for preventing and treating soft rot, fruit rot and anthracnose of flowers and fruits, and the inflorescence, fruits, leaves and the like are sprayed by using 500-time liquid spray of 47% Chunlei and copper oxychloride wettable powder at a flowering stage and a young fruit stage.
Thinning fruits: as the jackfruit is a large fruit, the number of the potted loaded fruits cannot be too large, and the number of the fruits is reserved according to the variety, the tree vigor and the tree age. Tai Mi No. 8 generally leaves flowers at the second tree age, leaves 1 fruit at the second tree age, leaves 2 fruits at the third tree age, and leaves 3 fruits at the fourth tree age; fruit is reserved on each main branch, and the fruit is not reserved on one main branch in a centralized manner; after physiological fruit dropping, small fruits with poor pollination and abnormal fruit types are trimmed, fruits which are not on the same main branch are reserved as much as possible, and the small fruits with excessive density are thinned and sheared; in order to ensure the ornamental value of the potted plant, inflorescences can be selected and reserved in batches in 3 months, 6 months and 9 months, fruits with different batches for pollination are selected and reserved, the fruit period is adjusted, and the fruit tree hanging time is prolonged.
Cold protection: part of jackfruit varieties have weak cold resistance, and potted plants can be moved into a greenhouse in the middle and last ten days of 12 months to 2 months in coastal areas in the south of Guangxi; the temperature can be kept by covering with a film at the temperature lower than 8 ℃ without a greenhouse; spraying 10000 times of Bibao (gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, brassinolide growth regulator) every 10 days at a temperature lower than 10 ℃ for 3 times.
The comparison of the number of surviving plants, plant height and fruit bearing number of the above 4 tests is shown in the following table:
| example number | Number of upper basins | Investigation time | Number of surviving plants | Plant height (cm) | Number of fruiting plants |
| Example 1 | 20 | Year 2020, 5 months | 19 | 86 | 16 |
| Example 2 | 20 | Year 2020, 5 months | 19 | 123 | 18 |
| Example 3 | 20 | Year 2020, 5 months | 19 | 91 | 18 |
| Example 4 | 20 | Year 2020, 5 months | 18 | 129 | 18 |
Claims (8)
1. The pot culture method of the jackfruit comprises the steps of variety selection, matrix preparation, potting, field planting and cultivation management, wherein the cultivation management comprises water management, fertilizer management, insect pest management and disease management, and is characterized in that the insect pest management comprises the prevention and control management of the yellow-fin silk moth borer, and the specific method for the prevention and control management of the yellow-fin silk moth comprises the following steps: (1) spraying high-efficiency cyfluthrin liquid medicine during the full incubation period of the yellow-fin diaphania punctiferalis eggs until the larvae are damaged by boring; (2) for the yellow-fin serici setalis imagoes, a food source attractant is adopted for trapping and killing, and the food source attractant is prepared from jack fruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4-0.6: 10:20:10: 80.
2. A potting method for jackfruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cyfluthrin solution is 2.5% cyfluthrin diluted 2000-2500 times.
3. A potting method for jackfruit according to claim 1, wherein the variety selection step specifically is: selecting small and medium fruit type jackfruit varieties including Tai honey No. 8, and Chang or Haidao No. 1.
4. A potting method for jackfruit as claimed in claim 1 wherein the substrate preparation step is specifically: uniformly mixing 4-8 parts of garden soil or pond sludge, 3-6 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1-2 parts of grass carbon to prepare the matrix.
5. A potting method for jackfruit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting 40% of cassava residue or bagasse, 45% of sheep manure or chicken manure, 10% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5% of urea until the fertilizer is thoroughly decomposed.
6. A potting method for jackfruit according to claim 1 wherein the potting step is planting in a root control container and after planting, rooting water is poured, the rooting water being 20-40mg/L indolebutyric acid in water.
7. A potting method for jackfruit as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fertilizer management comprises applying shoot and shoot strengthening fertilizer, flower and fruit promoting fertilizer and crack control fertilizer;
the application method of the strong tip rejuvenation fertilizer comprises the steps of applying 20-40g of humic acid type compound fertilizer with the total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54% and N, P, K, 18 to 18 in each pot before sprouting in early 3-month days, spring tip in 9 months and after fruit picking;
the application method of the flower promoting and fruit strengthening fertilizer comprises the steps of spraying 1000 times of the Dugao liquid boron fertilizer every 10-15 days before blooming in the last 2 months of each year, and spraying for 1-2 times in total; after inflorescence pumping, spraying 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500 times of 2000 times of boron liquid fertilizer once every 15-20 days until the physiological fruit drop period; after physiological fruit drop, spraying and applying the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer which is easy to be harvested more for 1-2 times every 15-20 days, wherein the dosage of each pot is 20-30g, and the high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is diluted by 400 times and applied by flushing; spraying 800-fold and 1000-fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer per 15-20 days;
the application method of the anti-cracking fertilizer comprises the step of spraying 800-fold high-strength calcium-magnesium fertilizer every 15-20 days after the transverse diameter of the fruit is more than or equal to 8 cm in the fruit expansion period.
8. A potting method for jackfruit according to claim 1 wherein disease management includes control of soft rot of flowers and fruits, fruit rot and anthracnose, in particular: spraying the inflorescence, the fruit and the leaves with 800-fold liquid spray diluted by 25 percent of prochloraz at the flowering period and the young fruit period or with 800-fold liquid spray diluted by 47 percent of kasuga copper wettable powder at the 500 percent of coppery.
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