CN112970502A

CN112970502A - High-yield method for white pomelos

Info

Publication number: CN112970502A
Application number: CN202110200302.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈泉; 杨梅; 洪林; 袁项成; 李智念; 谭锋
Original assignee: Chongqing Three Gorges Academy Of Agricultural Sciences (ganning Silkworm Breeding Farm Wanzhou District Chongqing)
Current assignee: Chongqing Three Gorges Academy Of Agricultural Sciences (ganning Silkworm Breeding Farm Wanzhou District Chongqing)
Priority date: 2021-02-23
Filing date: 2021-02-23
Publication date: 2021-06-18

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of white pomelo planting and discloses a high-yield method for white pomelos, which comprises the following steps: testing the mechanism of self-flowering unreality of the Yangtze pomelo; providing a pollination yield-increasing technology of 'girdling, a flower promoting agent, artificial cross pollination and nutrition fruit retention'; the winter fruit falling prevention and granulation comprehensive technology of the Yangtze river-laying late pomelos is developed by exploring the winter fruit falling granulation mechanism of the Yangtze river-laying late pomelos, forming balanced fertilization, hormone fruit retention, waterlogging drainage and film covering and suitable planting, and providing a 3+2+ organic + medium-micro nutrition diagnosis formula fertilization technology; adopting a light and simple pruning technology of alternating results of low-yield trees, stopping branches, retracting crowns of old trees, cutting off roots and updating, putting the trees into production, opening a skylight on the upper part, digging hanging branches on the lower part, thinning and removing dense branches and crossed branches on the periphery, and cutting off withered branches in an inner chamber; establishing a mite green prevention and control technology of 'tree trunk whitening + predatory mites + vegetable oil + matrine'. The invention forms a high-quality and high-yield technical system of the white pomelo with the river-laying characteristic, and provides scientific and effective technical support for the healthy development of industry continuously.

Description

High-yield method for white pomelos

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of white pomelo planting, and particularly relates to a high yield method of white pomelos.

Background

The cultivation history of the Chongqing pomelos is long, the local germplasm resources are rich, the Shanhai Jing and the Shang Shu are recorded early, the Yunjiang white pomelo is one of five famous pomelos in Chongqing, the variety and the character are excellent, the cultivation history of nearly 200 years has obtained the praise of the Party and the national leaders, and the pomelo has the inherent unique variety and the characteristic: the tree body is tall and big, the growth vigor is vigorous, and the crown is mostly in a natural round head shape; the peel is thick and oval, the fruit top is wrinkled, and the fruit umbilicus is provided with holes, which are not provided by other cushion pomelos.

The Yangtze river-padding white pomelos make an important contribution to the development of the Yangtze river-padding agricultural industry and the increase and the wealth of farmers, but after 90 years, along with the massive planting of the Yangtze river-padding white pomelos, pollination varieties are mixed and disorderly, and the appearance quality of the Yangtze river-padding white pomelos is different. In addition, in the long-term production and development, the conditions of tree aging, variety degradation and low yield and low efficiency caused by unreal self-flower appear, the improvement of the yield quality and the production benefit of the Maojiang white pomelo is severely restricted, and the method also forms a serious obstacle to the sustainable development of the industry.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: after 90 years, along with the massive planting of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos, pollination varieties are disordered, and the appearance quality of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos is different; tree aging and variety degradation; the unreal self-flowering causes the worldwide problems of small flower amount and low yield.

The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: a world-wide puzzle.

The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: through the research on pollen germination and the development condition of pollen in stigma, the self-incompatibility mechanism of the Yangtze river padding white pomelo is proved, and the major technical problem of low yield and low efficiency of the Yangtze river padding white pomelo is solved. Through the research of screening the cross-pollination variety, an important theoretical basis is provided for solving the problems of backward variety, quality degradation and low yield of the Yangtze river-padding white pomelos, the yield and the quality of the Yangtze river-padding white pomelos are greatly improved, and the method is a great breakthrough in the aspects of improving the comprehensive properties and the industrial development prospect of the Yangtze river-padding white pomelos. By matching the technologies of fertilization, pruning and green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, the problems of unstable yield, low fruit setting rate, degraded quality and granulation of fruit drop of the Yangtze pomelo are effectively solved, the leap-type progress of the Yangtze pomelo cultivation and management technology system is realized, and the benefits of improving the industrial competitiveness, protecting the environment of a production area and the like are very obvious.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for increasing yield of white pomelos.

The invention is realized in such a way that the method for increasing the yield of the white pomelos comprises the following steps:

step one, manually pollinating, observing the germination condition in a pollen stigma by a microscope, verifying that the Mianxi pomelo pollen cannot extend to an ovule in the stigma after the Mianxi pomelo pollen normally germinates, and can extend normally after the Mianxi pomelo pollen pollinates. Therefore, yield is guaranteed by artificial cross pollination.

Step two, pollination yield increase technology: the MiYou xi Mi shaddock pollination variety is adopted for artificial pollination, and the fruit setting rate of Yangjiang Mi shaddock is highest; the special technology for promoting flower and protecting fruit comprises the following steps: provides a yield increasing technology of 'ring cutting, flower promoting agent, artificial cross pollination and nutrition fruit retention'.

Step three, potassium deficiency is an important factor for preventing and controlling winter fruit drop of the Yangtze river-laying late pomelos, calcium and potassium antagonism diagnosis and treatment is a key prevention and control point, and potassium supplementation on leaf surfaces is a key technology for preventing and controlling winter fruit drop of the Yangtze river-laying late pomelos; the zinc deficiency is a forming mechanism which causes the granulation of the pomelo fruit in the Yangtze river-padding evening, and the zinc supplement on the leaf surface is a key technology for preventing and controlling the granulation of the fruit. The integrated technology for protecting fruits, preventing falling and preventing granulation of the Yangtze pomelos in winter comprises the following steps: it adopts the processes of supplementing potassium and zinc elements to leaf surface, spraying 2-4 of 15-20ppm hormone, protecting fruit, draining waterlogging and covering film, and properly sowing.

Step four, nutrient diagnosis formula fertilization technology: a scientific fertilization technical system of '3 +2+ organic + medium-micro' is provided, namely 3 times of compound fertilizer application, 2 times of fruit-seeing fertilization, large-amount application of organic fertilizer, and 2-3 times of supplementation of large and medium trace elements such as zinc, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron and the like and brassin to leaf surfaces.

Step five, integrating a light and simple pruning technology: the pruning technology mainly comprises the steps of pruning in winter, taking alternate low-yield trees, stopping branches and stopping trees, retracting crown of old trees, updating broken roots, opening a skylight on a production tree, digging branches downwards, thinning and removing dense and crossed branches on the periphery, and pruning and removing the withered branches in an inner chamber.

Step six, a green prevention and control technology: physical control, physicochemical control, biological control and chemical control are combined, a mite green control key technology of 'tree trunk whitening + predatory mites + vegetable oil + matrine' is established, and pest control of Maojiang white pomelos is carried out.

Further, in step one, the method for performing the pollen stigma germination test comprises the following steps:

collecting bud of MiYou Mixi GUAN to be opened, separating petal, separating anther and filament, spreading anther on electric blanket, drying for 48 hr to obtain pollen, and performing artificial pollination test. Two treatments are set:

treatment 1: the MiYou xi Mi GUAN is pollinated to stigma of Miao Hua of Miao xi Guan;

and (3) treatment 2: the pollen of the Yangtze pomelo is pollinated to the stigma of the Yangtze pomelo.

Collecting 10 parts of each of the two treated stigma for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after pollination, wherein the total amount of the two treated stigma is 100 parts, fixing the two stigma parts by FAA stationary liquid, and observing the germination of pollen grains on the stigma and the elongation condition in the stigma by using a digital video microscope.

Further, in the second step, the treatment mode for performing the pollination yield increase experiment comprises the following steps:

the grafting and pollination tree is planted according to the main method: pollinating seeds as 3: 1 is configured;

the grafting pollination branches are configured according to the proportion of 2-3 branches on the bone trunk branches at the middle upper part of each tree;

artificial cross pollination. Each treatment was repeated 2 times.

Further, in the second step, the method for performing the flower and fruit promotion experiment comprises the following steps:

the 6-year-old Maojiang white pomelo plants are selected, the tree vigor is basically consistent, flowers are basically absent, the yield is low, and the average fruit bearing of a single plant is less than 1. The experiment was set to 5 treatments:

treatment 1: spiral girdling for 3 circles in 9 months + 166 times liquid of shaddock flower promoting agent, spraying 750 times liquid of 'micro-supplement blue fruit power' (phosphorus 400g/L, potassium 60g/L, nitrogen 40g/L, calcium 20g/L, magnesium 4g/L, copper 0.5g/L, manganese 0.5g/L, zinc 0.5g/L, boron 0.5g/L) and brassin 100mg/kg + spiral girdling for 3 circles (or gibberellin 100mg/kg) when flowers are withered for 2/3 days, and spraying once again after 15 days;

and (3) treatment 2: spraying 166 times of solution of pomelo flower promoting agent for 2 times in 9 months;

and (3) treatment: spraying 1000mg/L of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder in 9 months;

and (4) treatment: 9, branch pulling and girdling;

and (4) treatment 5: control (clear water).

Random block design, 5 plants, 1 cell, 3 times of repetition, investigation and statistics.

Further, in the second step, the yield increasing technology of 'girdling + flower promoting agent + artificial cross pollination + nutrition fruit retention' specifically comprises the following steps:

the ring cutting treatment of the vigorous main branches and 166 times spraying of pomelo flower promoting agents on the tree crowns in the first 9 months are matched with an artificial cross-pollination technology, and after flowers are withered for 2/3 and before the first physiological fruit drop is finished and the second physiological fruit drop comes, 750 times of 'micro-complementing Languo force' + brassin is sprayed for 2 times and 100mg/kg + spiral ring cutting is carried out for 3 circles (or 100mg/kg gibberellin).

Further, in the third step, in 2018, the 50 orchard soil and leaf samples in the implementation place are sent to a citrus seedling quality and supervision detection center of the department of agriculture, and indexes of soil pH value, organic matters, minerals and leaf nutrient indexes are detected to obtain data. The obtained soil and tree body nutrition data of the orchard for the Yangtze pomelos are subjected to data comparison analysis and verification, the physiological mechanism of winter fruit drop granulation is explored, the nutrition diagnosis formula fertilization technology is combined, and the conventional production technologies such as hormone fruit preservation, waterlogging drainage and film covering, suitable land application and the like for the Yangtze pomelos are matched to form the comprehensive technology for preventing the Yangtze pomelos from falling and granulating in winter.

Further, in step four, the method for performing the formulated fertilization test comprises:

from 2017, based on the nutrition diagnosis result, a formulated fertilization test mainly for supplementing organic matters, K, Cu, Zn and B elements is carried out. Randomized block design, 5 plants, 1 cell, 3 replicates.

Treatment 1: 1.5kg of compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 25:10:10) and 1.5kg of organic fertilizer are applied to plants in 3-month and 4-day period, 2.5kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 13:8:12, organic matter is more than or equal to 30%) is applied to plants in 7-month and 1-day period, 1kg of compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 8:16:16) is applied to plants in 9-month period, 5kg of oil cake is applied to plants in 12-month and 5-day period, and 150kg of organic fertilizer such as human and animal manure 100-class. In addition, 750 times of liquid for slightly supplementing the blueberry fruit power is sprayed on the leaf surface in 5-month and 5-day period, 750 times of liquid for slightly supplementing the cover power (calcium 150g/L) is sprayed on the leaf surface in the expansion period in 3-day and 7-month period, and 750 times of liquid for slightly supplementing the hawthorn fruit power (phosphorus 420g/L, potassium 80g/L, calcium 20g/L and magnesium 12g/L) is sprayed on the leaf surface in 9-month period.

And (3) treatment 2: the soil fertilization scheme is the same as that of 1, 9 months and 2 days, and 750 times of the 'micro-nourishing hawthorn fruit capability' is sprayed on the leaf surfaces.

And (3) treatment: on days 3, 13, 7, 11 and 9, 11 days, 1kg of compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 15:15) is applied to each plant.

Further, in the fifth step, the integrated light and simple pruning technology specifically includes:

(1) shaping of

The shaping should be carried out according to the principle of 'year-by-year culture and maintenance for many years'. According to the characteristics of weak branch force, strong branch forming force, upright branch growth, late flowering and fruiting and the like of the Maojiang white pomelos, the method of branch supporting, branch pulling, branch hanging and the like is required to be adopted in spring and autumn for young trees and trees which are put into production at first, the main branch and the main trunk are pulled to form an angle of more than 45 degrees, and the 'natural open heart shape' is cultured, so that the effects of breaking the growth advantage of the top end of the branch tip, increasing illumination in the inner chamber, reducing the harm of diseases and pests and early flowering and fruiting can be achieved. The main task of the adult trees is to maintain a high-yield and stable-yield tree structure and prolong the full bearing age.

(2) Pruning

The Bujiang white pomelo is suitable for a natural round head type or a natural heart-opening type. One needs low trunk (30-50cm), short crown, few main branches (3-4). The secondary branch angle is large (the angle of the main branch is about 50 degrees), and the branch level is high (5-10 levels). The tree body has good ventilation and light transmission. In the young tree period, branch pulling and shaping and bud picking and tip releasing methods are adopted in spring and autumn every year to rapidly expand the crown and increase the branching levels. The mother branch of the Matiang white pomelo for bearing fruit is mainly spring shoots (leafless flower fruit branches) growing for 3-4 years, and the bearing sequence is from bottom to top and from inside to outside. The young trees and the trees which are put into production at first time are required to be protected from the dado branches and the mother branches which are subjected to fruit bearing in the inner chamber, the branches are pulled frequently, and the branches are cut less; the adult production tree is mainly cut in winter, the inner chamber and the lower branches are kept, a simple pruning method of opening a skylight is adopted, dense branches and sunshade branches at the top and the periphery are thinned and deleted, insect-resistant branches and cross branches are pruned, the illumination of the inner chamber is increased, and the yield and the quality of pomelos are improved.

Further, in the sixth step, the green prevention and control technology specifically includes:

(I) physical prevention and control measures

(1) Ploughing and loosening soil in early spring. After the Yuanjiang white pomelos are harvested in spring, the surface layer of the soil is loosened to the depth of 8-15cm, so that the living environment of overwintering pupae with insect pests such as fruit flies is destroyed, and the base number of the disease insect in the soil is reduced. 2.5 percent of cyhalothrin emulsifiable solution 1000 times, 5 percent of abamectin 2000 times and 3-5 Baume degree of lime sulfur are sprayed on the ground in spring aiming at serious orchards of the fruit flies to kill the pests such as the overwintering fruit flies and prevent the pests from successfully eclosion.

(2) And (5) strengthening fertilizer and water management. The organic fertilizer input is increased by cutting green and turning over, planting green manure in the garden, building farmyard manure, planting leguminous land-raising crops, expanding the use of commercial organic fertilizers and the like so as to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and cultivate soil fertility. And (4) carrying out nutrition diagnosis fertilization, and applying flower fertilizer, fruit fertilizer and strong winter fertilizer to balance nutrient supply and promote healthy growth of plants.

(3) The trunk is whitered. On one hand, the cold resistance of the trunk is improved, and diseases and insect pests such as longicorn, gerbil, snail, foot rot and the like are prevented and controlled. The height of the white brush is 80cm above the ground or the first-level branch, the bark of the trunk is firstly scraped, and then the white paint is evenly brushed. Or directly spraying the trunk with a commercial trunk whitening agent such as Kabai.

(II) physical and chemical induction control measures

Aiming at leaf miner and suckingInsects such as fruit noctuids and the like are trapped and killed by adopting a solar insecticidal lamp, an illumination frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, a black light lamp and the like. The installation time can be 3-4km every²Installing a pendant lamp 3-3.5m or 0.5m higher than the crown, and turning on the lamp from the last ten days of 4 months to the middle and night of the last ten days of 10 months; aiming at color-trending pests such as whiteflies, aphids, fruit flies and the like, yellow or blue sticky boards are hung for trapping and killing, about 20 color boards are hung per mu, and the blue boards have the best trapping and killing effect on thrips; preventing and controlling Bactrocera minax, adopting sugar-vinegar liquid (6% brown sugar, 2% vinegar, 1% white wine, 5% avermectin 2000 times liquid) for trapping and killing; in addition, pest control of upper and lower tree habits such as red spider, snail, black locust and the like is achieved by trapping and killing with a pest sticking belt near the base of the trunk.

(III) biological control measures

(1) Biological pesticide and mineral pesticide are used. In the process of preventing and treating diseases and insect pests, a principle of 'controlling insects and inhibiting and treating diseases by insects' is adhered to, and the larvae are sprayed with 170-fold liquid of 0.5 percent matrine water agent to prevent and treat the arrowhead scale; when young shoots sprout for 3mm or the damage rate of new leaves is about 5%, spraying 900 times of 25% nicotine-toosendanin emulsifiable solution to prevent and control bud maggots; spraying 300 times of 27% saponin-nicotine soluble powder in the last ten days of 8 months to prevent and control the rust ticks; spraying 170 times of 0.5% matrine solution for 2-3 times to prevent and treat red spider; 200 times of liquid spray of 120-degree water aqua of antimycotic is used for preventing and treating diseases such as anthracnose and the like.

(2) And (5) growing grass and cultivating. Different kinds of plants such as clover, ageratum thistle, paspalum natatum, alfalfa and the like are planted in the row space and the periphery of the orchard garden, and the diversity of ecological species is guaranteed. Or reserving some natural weeds, and mowing when the weeds grow to be 30-35cm high for tree disk covering. The project implementation area strictly prohibits chemical weeding.

(3) The technique for treating mites with mites. Mainly comprises red spiders, yellow spiders and tick mites, wherein the red spiders, the yellow spiders and the tick mites occur about 18-20 generations in one year in the underlay river, the red spiders and the yellow spiders are seriously damaged in 3-5 months in spring and 9-10 months in autumn, the vigorous growth is carried out at the air temperature of 16-24 ℃, and the vigorous growth peak is carried out at 4 months. After 5 th of the month, the population density of the plant hoppers increases rapidly, and the peak is reached in 7 months. The crown-blocked pomelo fruit is the most serious. When each leaf has 2-3 head worms on average, the control is carried out in time. The drug-resistant small neoseiulus persicae is mainly adopted to control red-yellow spider and rust tick. The release is carried out in late afternoon from late 4 to late 8 months or in cloudy days of each year. The pesticide is applied for controlling the plant diseases and insect pests in the orchard once about 20 days before the pesticide is put into the orchard, and the 80 percent mancozeb wettable powder 600 times liquid, the 11 percent etoxazole missible oil 5000 times liquid, the 24 percent spirodiclofen 2000 times liquid and the like are sprayed, so that the pest and mite can be reduced, and a plurality of pest and insect species can be controlled. The method comprises the steps of placing 1 bag of predatory mites on each tree, cutting a 2 cm-long gap above the bag, fixing the bag at a shady place, preferably the 1 st withered fork below a crown, and enabling the gap and the bottom of the bag to be completely contacted with a trunk, wherein 2 bags can be properly placed on a luxuriant tree. Matching with the trunk whitening, spraying 1000 times of vegetable oil and 170 times of 0.5% matrine for 2-3 times, the prevention and treatment effect can be maintained above 97%.

The test was conducted in the fruit garden of white pomelo in yellow sand village of yellow sand in Chongqing Yaojiang Huangsha. The soil type, soil fertility, organic matter content, rich water and farming management of the test orchard are basically consistent, the tree age is 15 years, the row spacing is 4m multiplied by 3m, trimming is not carried out, no acaricide or insecticide is applied to the test orchard 30 days before the test, and red spider damage occurs. Treated in 2017, 3, 8 days, and no rainfall is detected in the test day and 2d after treatment.

Test agents: trunk whitening agent (formula: quicklime 2.5kg, lime sulphur stock solution (26-28 Baume degree) 0.5kg, salt 0.1kg, water 10kg for mixing, ready to use), vegetable oil (Pamieri, Mianagwort biological nutrition Co., Ltd.), 0.5% matrine aqua (Jiangsu Nantong Xinhua pesticide Co., Ltd.), and resistance to predatory mite (blue & 3000 pieces/bag, orange institute of Chinese academy of agricultural science)

And (3) experimental design: the orchard topography is flat, the conditions of fertilizer and water management are basically consistent, the experiment is provided with 5 treatments, 3 times of repetition, 15 cells in total, random block arrangement, and 3 trees in each cell. The experimental design is shown in Table 7.

The investigation method comprises the following steps: the number of the disease and insect pests was investigated before the treatment and 1, 3, 7 and 14d after the treatment by observing with a hand-held magnifier. 3 trees in each cell are investigated, 5 mature shoots are marked in east, west, south and north of each tree respectively, and 5 leaves are investigated in each shoot.

The prevention and treatment effect calculation formula is as follows: control effect/% (1-number of pre-drug mites in the blank control area x number of post-drug mites in the treatment area/number of post-drug mites in the blank control area x number of pre-drug mites in the treatment area) x 100

Data processing: and performing biological statistical analysis on each processing data by using SPSS 20.0 by adopting a Duncan's new complex polar difference method.

Treatment 1: the trunk is brushed white, and 1 bag/strain of predatory mites is hung.

And (3) treatment 2: 1000 times of vegetable oil, and 170 times of 0.5% matrine;

and (3) treatment: brushing white tree trunk, hanging 1 bag/plant of predatory mites, 1000 times of vegetable oil, and 170 times of 0.5% matrine solution;

and (4) treatment: hanging 1 bag/strain of predatory mites;

and (4) treatment 5: and (4) clear water.

(IV) scientific application of chemical control

(1) Coccid

The Teijiang white pomelo is mainly Lecanicillium corpulentum, the key control period is the stage of the exuberant Leymus corpulentum (mainly 5, 7 and 9 months), especially the stage of the first generation of the exuberant Leymus corpulentum, and other Lecanicillium corpulentum such as Lecanicillium rubrum and Lecanicillium corpulentum can be treated at the same time. The mineral oil missible oil or the vegetable oil is popularized to be mixed with other insecticides to prevent and control scale insects (mineral oil is avoided in the flowering phase and the physiological fruit drop phase, and Peimiri vegetable oil is selected), so that the prevention and control effect is improved and prolonged. The main selected medicaments are: 97% of mineral oil emulsifiable solution 100-fold liquid, 95% of engine oil emulsion 100-fold liquid (used with caution in bud period and fruit coloring period), 5% of buprofezin wettable powder 1000-fold liquid, mu Wangte 4000-fold liquid 4500-fold liquid, 22.4% of spirotetramat suspending agent 3500-fold liquid 4500-fold liquid, Akitai 4000-fold liquid and 25% of quinalphos emulsifiable solution 800-fold liquid for spraying.

(2) Foot rot

The method is required to be carried out at the early stage of the disease and prevent and treat the longicorn. Grafting and rooting by using a hovenia dulcis thunb, digging out soil at a diseased part, scraping a diseased part (a rotten part and a gummosis part) by using a knife, marking a # -shaped small scale, and cutting a root by using a cutter with the length of 1: 1: spraying 10 Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim 100 times liquid.

(3) Gummosis of the skin

Gummosis usually occurs in the main stem and branches, the bark of the affected part is browned and cracked, the gum often flows out, the scab is unshaped, after the infection, the tree is weak, and the whole tree dies if the disease is serious. Trees that are subject to insect, burn, and mechanical injury are most likely to occur. Scraping the dead part (rotten part and gummy part) with a knife at the early stage of disease incidence, marking a # shape for small scale with an interval of one centimeter to reach the xylem, then coating the disease part with 50% thiophanate or 50% carbendazim 100-fold liquid or 65% zineb 100-fold for 2-3 times, coating the disease part for 1 time every 7-10 days, paying attention to reduce the damage of the tree body, and replacing the diseased soil with disease-free soil. Meanwhile, the longhorn beetles are prevented and cured.

(4) Anthracnose, soot disease, scab

The agents such as 65 percent of zineb 400-fold or thiophanate methyl 800-fold or Dasheng M-45 are used for preventing and treating for 2 to 3 times when the spring shoots sprout 1 to 2mm, and the flowers wither 2/3 and the young fruit period. The preparation can be used for treating tobacco smoke.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the invention, artificial pollination is carried out, the germination condition in the pollen stigma is observed by a microscope, and the normal germination of MiYou xi honey pomelo pollen is verified, and the Miao honey pomelo pollen cannot extend to reach the ovule in the stigma after the Miao honey pomelo pollen normally germinates; therefore, the yield is ensured by artificial cross pollination; according to the high yield method of the white pomelos, provided by the invention, a high-quality high yield technical system of the white pomelos with the Jiang-in characteristics is formed through testing of the self-blooming and fruiting mechanism of the Jiang-in white pomelos, the pollination yield-increasing technology, the winter falling-prevention and granulation-prevention comprehensive technology, the nutrition diagnosis formula fertilization technology, the simple and light pruning technology and the green prevention and control technology, and scientific and effective technical support is continuously provided for the healthy development of the industry.

The in vitro germination experiment of pollen and the in-stigma germination experiment of the pollen show that the pomelo under the condition of Bujiang self-pollination can normally germinate on stigma, and the germination rate reaches 100 percent; after 3 days of pollination, the pollen tube can reach the position of the flower column 2/5, and 80 percent of the pollen tube basically stops growing; after 5 days of pollination, the longest pollen tube reached the position of the boll 1/2, and no pollen tube reaching the base of the boll and entering the ovule was observed in the experiment. The MiYou xi Mi shaddock is taken as a pollination variety, after 3 days of pollination, the pollen tube can reach the position of the flower pillar 1/2 of the MiYou xi Mi shaddock, and after 5 days, the pollen tube can reach the position of the flower pillar 4/5, and a small amount of pollen tube reaches the base of the flower pillar; after 7 days of pollination, most pollen tubes reached the base of the boll and a few pollen tubes reached the ovule. As can be seen, the suppression site of the Bujiang white pomelo from flowering is at column cap 1/2. Therefore, the real reason that the self-pollination of the Maojiang white pomelos cannot normally fruit is not pollen germination, but the pollen tube stops midway in the growth process in the stigma, and the pollen tube cannot normally extend to ovule, so that the Maojiang white pomelos cannot fruit or have low fruiting rate.

The pollination yield increase technical test shows that the fruit setting rate of the Yangtze river-padding white pomelo can be improved to different degrees by different treatment modes, the You xi honey pomelo is comprehensively considered as a pollination variety to carry out artificial pollination on the Yangtze river-padding white pomelo, the pollination flower fruit setting rate is 32.37%, compared with the Yangtze river-padding white pomelo, the artificial pollination is carried out, the fruit setting rate is improved by 24.1 times, the fruit shape index is close to 1.0, the weight of a single fruit is about 1.6kg, the number of seeds is very few, the first-class fruit rate reaches 35.8%, and the Yangtze river-padding white pomelo is the. The research result provides an important theoretical basis for solving the technical problems of low yield and low efficiency, such as backward variety, degraded quality, low yield and the like of the Yangtze river-filling white pomelos, and is a breakthrough in improving the comprehensive properties and the industrial development prospect of the Yangtze river-filling white pomelos. Meanwhile, the invention successfully solves the worldwide problem of less flowers and low yield of the Yangtze pomelo by the yield increasing technology of the Yangtze pomelo. The large-area popularization and application of the technology can ensure that the average number of buds of the Yangtze pomelo can reach 412 flowers/plant, the percentage of fertile fruit of the pollinated flower reaches 32.37 percent, which is about 25 times of the previous 1.29 percent, greatly improves the yield and the quality of the Yangtze pomelo, not only preserves the local fine variety of pomelo brand, but also promotes the development of the historical pomelo to jump over a new step.

Through years of nutrition diagnosis and detection, a winter withered water fruit dropping mechanism of late-maturing oranges is applied, a verification test is firstly developed in the citrus of pomelos, the fact that potassium deficiency is an important factor for the winter fruit dropping of Yangtze river-padding white pomelos, calcium and potassium antagonism diagnosis and treatment is a prevention and control key point, and potassium supplementation on leaf surfaces is a key technology for the winter fruit dropping of the Yangtze river-padding late pomelos; the method finds out that the zinc deficiency is a forming mechanism which causes the fruit granulation of the pomelo in the Yangtze river-padding evening, and the zinc supplement on the leaf surface is a key technology for preventing and controlling the fruit granulation. By adopting a citrus nutrition diagnosis technical means, a winter anti-falling and anti-granulation technology for the Yangtze pomelo is finally formed, which mainly comprises balanced fertilization, hormone fruit preservation, waterlogging drainage and film covering, proper planting and the like, and is used for production, the fruit falling rate is reduced by 89%, the fruit granulation phenomenon is remarkably reduced, the yield is improved by 195%, the soluble solid is 11.6%, the total sugar content of fruit juice per 100ml is 9.8g, the total acidity is 0.54g, the total acidity is reduced by more than 1g compared with the traditional technology, and the fruit quality is remarkably sweet and excellent.

The invention promotes the continuous upgrading of the nutrient fertilization technology in the industry base of the Maojiang white pomelo by continuously innovating the nutrient diagnosis formula fertilization technology for years, effectively reduces the fertilization amount and the water consumption, improves the fertilizer utilization rate, reduces the environmental pollution, meets the requirements of the Maojiang white pomelo in each growth and development stage, also provides technical reserve for the gradual fertilizer reduction and the implementation of the industrial ecological strategy in China, and lays a technical foundation. Meanwhile, a targeted personalized accurate fertilization scheme is scientifically formulated, fertilization operations of each orchard and each fruit grower are specifically guided, fertilization efficiency can be remarkably improved, the nutrition level of fruit trees is improved, and a good nutrition guarantee is provided for promoting high quality and high yield of the orchard. The fertilizer application amount and labor cost are effectively reduced, high yield and high-quality production are guaranteed, the problems of unstable yield, low fruit setting rate and quality degradation of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos are effectively solved, the leap-type progress of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos fertilizer application technical system is realized, and the effects of improving the industrial competitiveness, protecting the environment of a production area and the like are very obvious.

The invention is cultivated into a natural open heart shape by a shaping and trimming technology, and can achieve the effects of breaking the growth advantage of the top end of the branch tip, increasing illumination of the inner chamber, reducing the harm of diseases and pests, and advancing blooming and fruiting. The main task of the adult trees is to maintain a high-yield and stable-yield tree structure and prolong the full bearing age. The pruning technique is simple, efficient, popular and easy to understand, and is very suitable for actual operation of fruit growers.

Through years of test practice, the invention establishes a mite green prevention and control key technology of 'tree trunk whitening + predatory mites + vegetable oil + matrine', namely 2 times of tree trunk whitening, 3 months of hanging predatory mites, 3-5 months and 8-9 months of spraying 1000 times of vegetable oil + 0.5% of matrine 170 times 2-3 times, and establishes a pest green prevention and control technology of organically coordinating and innovatively integrating four core technologies of physical measures, physicochemical induction and control, biological control and scientific chemical control on the basis, the red spider prevention effect can be kept above 97%, the incidence rate of other pests is reduced to below 5%, the use of chemical pesticides is greatly reduced, and the pest prevention and control technology is not only effective in pest control, but also safe and free of residues.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for increasing yield of white pomelos according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of germination of Matiang white pomelo pollen in stigma according to an embodiment of the present invention;

in fig. 2: a: 1 day after cross pollination; b: 3 days after cross pollination; c: 5 days after cross pollination; d: 7 days after cross pollination; e: 1 day after self-pollination; f: 3 days after self-pollination; g: 5 days after self-pollination; h: 7 days after self-pollination.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of powdering and pollinating a vain-padded white pomelo according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a comparison diagram of a high yield picture and a low yield tree of a grapefruit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a flow chart of an implementation of the method for increasing yield of white pomelos according to the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for increasing yield of white pomelos, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the method for increasing yield of white pomelos provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101, manually pollinating, observing the germination condition in a pollen stigma by a microscope, and verifying that the Mianxi pomelo pollen cannot extend to an ovule in the stigma after the Mianxi pomelo pollen normally germinates, and can extend normally after the Mianxi pomelo pollen pollinates. Therefore, yield is guaranteed by artificial cross pollination.

S102, pollination yield increase technology: the MiYou xi Mi shaddock pollination variety is adopted for artificial pollination, and the fruit setting rate of Yangjiang Mi shaddock is highest; the special technology for promoting flower and protecting fruit comprises the following steps: provides a yield increasing technology of 'ring cutting, flower promoting agent, artificial cross pollination and nutrition fruit retention'.

S103, potassium deficiency is an important factor for preventing and controlling winter fruit drop of the Yangtze river-laying late pomelos, calcium and potassium antagonism diagnosis and treatment is a key prevention and control point, and potassium supplementation on leaf surfaces is a key technology for preventing and controlling winter fruit drop of the Yangtze river-laying late pomelos; the zinc deficiency is a forming mechanism which causes the granulation of the pomelo fruit in the Yangtze river-padding evening, and the zinc supplement on the leaf surface is a key technology for preventing and controlling the granulation of the fruit. The integrated technology for protecting fruits, preventing falling and preventing granulation of the Yangtze pomelos in winter comprises the following steps: it adopts the processes of supplementing potassium and zinc elements to leaf surface, spraying 2-4 of 15-20ppm hormone, protecting fruit, draining waterlogging and covering film, and properly sowing.

S104, a nutrition diagnosis formula fertilization technology: a3 +2+ organic + medium-micro scientific fertilization technical system is provided, namely 3 times of compound fertilizer application, 2 times of fruit-seeing fertilization application, large-amount application of organic fertilizer, and 2-3 times of supplementation of large and medium trace elements such as zinc, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron and the like and brassin on leaf surfaces.

S105, integrating a light and simple pruning technology: the pruning technology mainly comprises the steps of pruning in winter, taking alternate low-yield trees, stopping branches and stopping trees, retracting crown of old trees, updating broken roots, opening a skylight on a production tree, digging branches downwards, thinning and removing dense and crossed branches on the periphery, and pruning and removing the withered branches in an inner chamber.

S106, green prevention and control technology: physical control, physicochemical control, biological control and chemical control are combined, a mite green control key technology of 'tree trunk whitening + predatory mites + vegetable oil + matrine' is established, and pest control of Maojiang white pomelos is carried out.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following examples.

1. Key technology for high-quality and high-yield Yuanjiang white pomelo

The Yangtze river-laying white pomelos make an important contribution to the development of the Yangtze river-laying agricultural industry and the income and richness of farmers, but due to the change of climate factors and cultivation technical systems, particularly the new variety of oranges and tangerines in China are on the market continuously, the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos face a series of technical bottleneck problems, the market is greatly impacted, the improvement of the yield, the quality and the benefit of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos is severely limited, and the serious obstacle is formed to the sustainable development of the industry. Therefore, the method continuously tests and solves the difficulties and problems in the development and cultivation process of the base of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos, forms a high-quality and high-yield technical system of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos with the characteristics of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos, and continuously provides scientific and effective technical support for the healthy development of the industry.

1.1 Imperial mechanism test of Shaoxing white pomelo self-blooming

1.1.1 testing of the external germination of Matiang white shaddock flower powder

Pollen germination tests were performed on 5 varieties of pollen such as Yuanjiang white pomelo. 1% agar + 20% sucrose + 0.1% boric acid medium was spread on the slides, and pollen was inoculated onto the slides, 3 slides per variety, for a total of 15 slides. A single slide is placed in a culture dish for culture at normal temperature, and pollen germination and pollen tube growth conditions are observed by a microscope (40 times) 4h and 24h after inoculation, and the pollen germination rate is calculated (see table 1).

After 4h of culture, pollen of the MiYou xi GUAN, the Yuanping GUAN, the MiYou xi GUAN, the Matjiang white GUAN and the Sanhong GUAN can all germinate normally, the germination rates of different varieties are different greatly, the germination rate of the Matjiang white GUAN is 44.30%, the pollen is higher than that of the Yuanping GUAN and lower than that of the MiYou xi GUAN, the Sanhong GUAN and the MiYou GUAN. After 24h of culture, the pollen germination rate has the same expression rule as that after 24h of culture. The results showed that the Mianjiang white pumelo pollen could germinate normally, with a germination rate only slightly lower than that of the Mianxi pumelo with high self-maturing rate. Therefore, the germination rate of the pollen of the Maojiang white pomelo is high, and the pollen of the Maojiang white pomelo germinates normally. The reason why the Maojiang white pomelo cannot result in the self-blooming or has low fruiting rate is not that the pollen does not germinate.

TABLE 1 in vitro germination effect of different varieties of pollen (unit:%, μm)

1.1.2 test of the development of pollen of Matiang white pomelo in stigma

The low self-fruitful rate of the Yangtze pomelo becomes a bottleneck for hindering the healthy development of the Yangtze pomelo industry, so that the testing of the self-fruitful mechanism of the Yangtze pomelo is very important. The in-vitro germination test of the powder of the Teijiang pomelo is carried out in the early stage, and the finding shows that the germination of the pollen is not problematic, and the germination rate is higher than that of the pollen of part of pomelos. Therefore, the germination test of the flower powder of the Maojiang white pomelo in the stigma is continuously carried out for three years to prove the self-flowering unreality mechanism of the Maojiang white pomelo. Collecting bud of Mixi GUAN in sunny day, separating petal, separating anther and filament, spreading anther on electric blanket, and drying for 48 hr to obtain pollen. And carrying out artificial pollination test at the temperature of 19.5 ℃ in sunny days of 28 days in 4 months. Let two treatments, treatment 1: the MiYou xi Mi GUAN is pollinated to stigma of Miao Hua of Miao xi Guan; and (3) treatment 2: the pollen of the Yangtze pomelo is pollinated to the stigma of the Yangtze pomelo. Collecting 10 parts of each of the two treated stigma for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after pollination, wherein the total amount of the two treated stigma is 100 parts, fixing the two stigma parts by FAA stationary liquid, and observing the germination of pollen grains on the stigma and the elongation condition in the stigma by using a digital video microscope.

The test result shows (figure 2) that the flower self-pollination of the Yangtze pomelo can ensure that the pollen can normally germinate on the stigma, and the germination rate reaches 100 percent; after 3 days of pollination, the pollen tube can reach the position of the flower column 2/5, and 80 percent of the pollen tube basically stops growing; after 5 days of pollination, the longest pollen tube reached the position of the boll 1/2, and no pollen tube reaching the base of the boll and entering the ovule was observed in the experiment. The MiYou xi Mi shaddock is taken as a pollination variety, after 3 days of pollination, the pollen tube can reach the position of the flower pillar 1/2 of the MiYou xi Mi shaddock, and after 5 days, the pollen tube can reach the position of the flower pillar 4/5, and a small amount of pollen tube reaches the base of the flower pillar; after 7 days of pollination, most pollen tubes reached the base of the boll and a few pollen tubes reached the ovule. As can be seen, the suppression site of the Bujiang white pomelo from flowering is at column cap 1/2.

1.1.3 molecular biology study of Secoital incompatibility of Matjiang white pomelos

On the basis of research on pollination and fertilization cytology of the Paojiang white pomelos, a subtraction cDNA library which is incompatible with the Paojiang white pomelos by self is successfully constructed by utilizing a subtraction hybridization technology for inhibiting subtraction, 30 EST sequences for differential expression are obtained, a group of Paojiang white pomelo self-incompatibility related genes which are highly homologous with coding genes such as S1-RNase, S9-RNase, hect E3 ubiquitin ligase, rRNA intron coding endonuclease, plasma membrane H + ATPase, proteasome subunit and the like are identified, and the following possible molecular mechanism for the Paojiang white pomelo self-incompatibility is provided: (1) S-RNase inhibits the growth of pollen tube in the style, and is vital to self-incompatibility reaction; (2) multiple protein kinases play an important role in the self-incompatible signal transduction process of the Maojiang white pomelos; (3) the Ub/26S proteasome pathway degrades specific protein to regulate the elongation growth process of the pollen tube; (4) s-protein on the outer wall of cell fiber of a flower column channel of the Teucrium odoratum acts on a pollen tube membrane receptor to inhibit protein synthesis in a pollen tube, so that the pollen tube stops growing. The molecular biology level further verifies that the true reason for the self-failure of the Maojiang white pomelo is that the pollen tube is inhibited from growing on the stigma.

Therefore, the real reason that the self-pollination of the Maojiang white pomelos cannot normally fruit is not pollen germination, but the pollen tube stops midway in the growth process in the stigma, and the pollen tube cannot normally extend to ovule, so that the Maojiang white pomelos cannot fruit or have low fruiting rate.

1.2 pollination yield increase technical test

The Yunjiang white pomelo has a cultivation history of nearly 200 years so far, and has a thick flavor and good quality. However, the defect of unreal self-flowering often leads to less flowering and no fruiting. In this regard, a large number of tests have been developed by the project group, making an important breakthrough. An artificial auxiliary cross pollination variety screening test is carried out aiming at the Shaojiang white pomelos. The treatment method comprises the following steps: the grafting and pollination tree is planted according to the main method: pollinating seeds as 3: 1 is configured; the grafting pollination branches are configured according to the proportion of 2-3 branches on the bone trunk branches at the middle upper part of each tree; artificial cross pollination. Each treatment was repeated 2 times. And (5) counting the number of pollinated flowers, the fruit setting rate and the fruit quality (figure 3).

TABLE 2 influence of different pollinated varieties of Matjiang white pomelos on fruit setting rate and quality (unit: flower, individual,%, mm, grain, kg)

Note: the first-class fruit means that the weight of a single fruit is more than 1.25 kg/fruit.

The research result shows (table 3), compared with the self-pollination of the Yangtze river-padding white pomelo, the fruit setting rate of the Yangtze river-padding white pomelo can be improved to different degrees by different treatment modes, the You xi honey pomelo is comprehensively used as a pollination variety to carry out artificial pollination on the Yangtze river-padding white pomelo, the fruit setting rate of the pollination flower is 32.37 percent, compared with the artificial pollination of the Yangtze river-padding white pomelo, the fruit setting rate is improved by 24.1 times, the fruit shape index is close to 1.0, the weight of a single fruit is about 1.6kg, the number of seeds is very small, the first-level fruit rate reaches 35.8 percent, and. The research result provides an important theoretical basis for solving the technical problem of low yield and low efficiency of the Yangtze pomelo.

1.3 flower and fruit promoting technical test

Aiming at the characteristic that the Shaohuaxiao white pomelos are easy to drop fruits, a technical test for promoting flower and preserving fruit of the Shaohuaxiao white pomelos is carried out. The experimental exploration is carried out in the pomelo orchard in the town of the peak: the 6-year-old Maojiang white pomelo plants are selected, the tree vigor is basically consistent, flowers are basically absent, the yield is low, and the average fruit bearing of a single plant is less than 1. The experiment was set to 5 treatments. Treatment 1: spiral girdling for 3 circles in 9 months + 166 times liquid of shaddock flower promoting agent, spraying 750 times liquid of 'micro-supplement blue fruit power' (phosphorus 400g/L, potassium 60g/L, nitrogen 40g/L, calcium 20g/L, magnesium 4g/L, copper 0.5g/L, manganese 0.5g/L, zinc 0.5g/L, boron 0.5g/L) and brassin 100mg/kg + spiral girdling for 3 circles (or gibberellin 100mg/kg) when flowers are withered for 2/3 days, and spraying once again after 15 days;

and (3) treatment 2: spraying 166 times of solution of pomelo flower promoting agent for 2 times in 9 months; and (3) treatment: spraying 1000mg/L of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder in 9 months; and (4) treatment: 9, branch pulling and girdling; and (4) treatment 5: control (clear water). Randomized block design, 5 plants, 1 cell, 3 replicates. Statistics were investigated in 2017 on days 4, 15, 5, 20 and 8, 20 (Table 3).

TABLE 3 different treatments of Shaoxing white pomelo for promoting flower and fruit set (unit: flower/plant, individual/plant,%)

Survey data showed (table 3) that the number of buds, number of young fruits, yield was very significantly higher for treatment 1 than for other treatments; the number of buds and young fruits of the flower 2 are processed for several times; there was no significant difference between treatments 3, 4, but both were higher than the clear water control. The results show that the girdling treatment of the vigorous main branches and 166 times of spraying of the pomelo flower promoting agent on the tree crowns in the first 9 months greatly improve the flowering capability of the tree bodies, and the cooperation with the artificial cross-pollination technology, the Xihua 2/3 sprays 750 times of 'micro-tonifying lanugo power' + brassin 100mg/kg + spiral girdling for 3 circles (or gibberellin 100mg/kg), so that the remarkable effects of promoting flowers, protecting fruits and increasing yield are achieved.

The Yangtze river-laying white pomelo has vigorous vigor, is easy to grow in vain, has less flowers and is not solid, and if no measures are taken, the pomelo cannot bear a result, which is a problem in the production of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelo and is difficult to crack. Aiming at the problem, a special yield increasing technology of 'girdling + flower promoting agent + artificial cross-pollination + nutrition fruit protection' is developed, the method proposes that the myzumi pomelo is utilized to carry out artificial cross-pollination, girdling is carried out in 9-10 months, 166 times of pomelo flower promoting agent is sprayed, and after withering flowers 2/3 and before the first physiological fruit drop is finished and the second physiological fruit drop comes, 750 times of 'micro-complementary lanugo power' + brassin is sprayed for 2 times and 100mg/kg + spiral girdling is carried out for 3 circles (or 100mg/kg of gibberellin), so that the yield can be effectively increased. Successfully solves the worldwide problems of less flowers and low yield of the Yangtze river padding white pomelo. The large-area popularization and application of the technology not only preserves local fine breed pomelo brands, but also enables the development of the Yangtze white pomelo industry to jump over a new step (figure 4).

1.4 Citrus grandis winter fruit drop granulating mechanism

1.4.1 grapefruit Mandarin orange winter fruit dropping granulation mechanism test

On the basis of carrying out nutrition diagnosis detection analysis data on 50-point soil and leaves in a white pomelo orchard over the years, a winter withered water fruit dropping mechanism of late-maturing oranges is applied, verification tests are firstly carried out on pomelo oranges, the fact that potassium deficiency is an important factor for winter fruit dropping of the white pomelo orchards is proved, calcium and potassium antagonism diagnosis and treatment are key control points, and potassium supplementation on leaf surfaces is a key technology for preventing and controlling winter fruit dropping of the late-maturing pomelo orchards; the method finds out that the zinc deficiency is a forming mechanism which causes the fruit granulation of the pomelo in the Yangtze river-padding evening, and the zinc supplement on the leaf surface is a key technology for preventing and controlling the fruit granulation.

1.4.2 comprehensive technology for preventing falling and granulating of the river-laying late pomelos in winter: by adopting a citrus nutrition diagnosis technical means, a ' fruit-fall-prevention and granulation-prevention technique for fruit retention in winter for late shaddock in the Yangtze river, which mainly comprises ' balanced fertilization, hormone fruit retention, waterlogging drainage and film covering, proper planting ' and the like, is finally formed and used for production, the fruit fall rate is reduced by 89%, the fruit granulation phenomenon is remarkably reduced, the yield is improved by 195%, the soluble solid content is 11.6%, the total sugar content of fruit juice per 100ml is 9.8g, the total acidity is 0.54g, the total acidity is reduced by more than 46% compared with the prior art, and the fruit quality is remarkably sweet and excellent.

1.5 nutrient diagnosis formula fertilization technology

The problems of vigorous growth, large crown, uneven fruit quality and the like generally exist in the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos, so that accurate balanced fertilization is a key measure for obtaining high yield, stable yield, high quality and safety in the cultivation management of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos. The invention promotes the continuous upgrading of the nutrient fertilization technology in the industry base of the Maojiang white pomelo by continuously innovating the nutrient diagnosis formula fertilization technology for years, effectively reduces the fertilization amount and the water consumption, improves the fertilizer utilization rate, reduces the environmental pollution, meets the requirements of the Maojiang white pomelo in each growth and development stage, also provides technical reserve for the gradual fertilizer reduction and the implementation of the industrial ecological strategy in China, and lays a technical foundation.

1.5.1 conditions of nutrient in Yuanjiang white pomelo orchard

From 9 months to 9 months in 2012 to 2019, nutritional diagnosis and detection analysis is continuously carried out at 50 points in the Maojiang white pomelo orchard to guide scientific and efficient fertilization operation.

The soil detection results show that (table 4), the pH value of soil in the Yuanjiang shaddock orchard is generally low, and the pH value of the soil in all the orchards is lower than the lower limit of the proper value for nutrition diagnosis; the organic matter content of the soil is below 15g/kg, the copper, zinc and boron contents are all in low limit or insufficient levels, the manganese content greatly exceeds the standard, and the diagnosis result reflects the reason that the Diojiang white pomelo fruit is slightly sour and bitter. However, the content of these elements tends to increase year by year, which indicates that the nutritional diagnostic fertilization has some significant effects.

The leaf nutrition analysis data shows (table 5) that the trend of gradually increasing the nutrient content shows that the nutrition diagnosis guides the fertilization to obtain certain nutrition regulation and guarantee effects. However, the contents of important nutrient elements such as potassium, copper, zinc and the like in the leaves are all lower than the proper values. Therefore, it is particularly important to adjust the improvement measures and annual formula fertilization protocols according to the nutritional diagnosis results. For example, organic matter, potassium, copper and zinc are deficient, the fertilizer is applied in 3 months to supplement potassium, copper and zinc, and the mixed solution of 0.1 percent of zinc sulfate and 0.08 percent of copper sulfate is sprayed in the middle and last ten days of 5 months; 20kg of orange residues and oil cake organic fertilizer are applied to the plants in 8 months; spraying 0.1% potassium sulfate and 0.1% zinc sulfate in 9-10 months to improve cold resistance in winter.

The results show that the nutrition level of the fruit trees is gradually improved by guiding fertilization through nutrition diagnosis, but the problem of the nutrition metabolism demand of the fruit trees cannot be efficiently solved by simply increasing the fertilizing amount, and the scientific fertilization method is also taken into consideration, for example, by the application of scientific accurate fertilization, organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer, foliage dressing and other efficient fertilization technologies, great yield and income increasing potential can be obtained, and the key is how to establish a scientific accurate fertilization scheme system.

Table summary table of soil nutrient detection data of Yunjiang white pomelo main production area from 42012 years to 2019 years

Note: the above data are mean values. The same applies below.

Table 52012-2019 summary table of leaf nutrient detection data of Yunjiang white pomelo main production area

1.5.2 Nutrition diagnosis based fertilization technology testing

In the face of urgent needs of industrial development, in order to test and establish a scientific fertilization technical scheme for Maojiang white pomelos, a formulated fertilization test mainly based on organic matter supplement, potassium, copper, zinc and boron elements is developed from 2017 based on a nutrition diagnosis result. Randomized block design, 5 plants, 1 cell, 3 replicates.

12 month investigation in 2018. The results (table 6) show that the yield and soluble solids of the 3 treatments are significantly different, the plant yield is up to 180 in the treatment 1, and the plant yield is only 61 in the treatment 3, so that the difference between the two is significant. The difference is obvious when 4 fruits per plant are processed in 1 fruit drop and 12 fruits per plant are processed in 3 fruit drop. In addition, the soluble solid content, the fruit flavor (solid acid ratio) and the fruit edibility of the fruit in the treatment 1 are all improved compared with the treatment 2 and the treatment 3, and the fruit granulation phenomenon is also obviously reduced.

Table 6 comparison of the effect of different fertilization schemes (unit: individual,%)

According to the experimental result of the project and production practices for many years, the fruit hanging characteristic of the Maojiang white pomelo is combined, a nutrition diagnosis guide is innovatively provided, according to the fertilization principle of ' combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, balance among N, P, K three elements, balance of major elements and medium and trace elements ', an organic fertilizer is applied once in a large amount in 12 months, and major and medium trace elements such as zinc, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron and the like are supplemented due to deficiency ', a nutrition supply scheme of brassin is matched, a personalized accurate fertilization scheme is scientifically formulated, the fertilization operation of each orchard and fruit grower is specifically guided, the fertilization efficiency can be obviously improved, the nutrition level of the fruit tree is improved, and a good nutrition guarantee is provided for promoting high-quality and high-yield of the orchard.

At present, the tests for the citrus fertilization technology at home and abroad are more, but the tests for the fertilization technology of the Yuanjiang white pomelo, particularly the precise variable fertilization technology system, are few. The nutrient diagnosis formula fertilization technology of the Yangtze pomelo has important theoretical significance and industrial application value. Through tests of several years, a scientific fertilization technical system of '3 +2+ organic + medium-micro' for the Maojiang white pomelos is innovatively provided, namely 3 times of compound fertilizers, 2 times of fruit-viewing fertilization, a large amount of organic fertilizers are applied, and 2-3 times of zinc, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron and other large and medium trace elements and brassin are supplemented to leaf surfaces. The fertilizer application amount and the labor cost are effectively reduced, high yield and high-quality production are guaranteed, the problems of unstable yield, low fruit setting rate and quality degradation of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos are effectively solved, the leap-type progress of the Yangtze river-laying white pomelos fertilizer application technical system is realized, and the fertilizer application amount and the labor cost are remarkably improved, and the benefit of environment friendliness and the like of a production area is also remarkable.

1.6 light and simple pruning technology integration

The problems that the body of a Yangtze pomelo is tall and big, branches are slightly vigorous, the treetop is overgrown easily, an orchard is extremely easy to close, the flower formation and the fruiting rate are low, the sugar degree of a fruit is low, the acidity is high and the like are solved, the growth vigor of the treetop is properly inhibited, the good tree shape is maintained, the integral illumination of a crown and the accumulation level of photosynthetic products are improved, and the method is a technical key and difficulty for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of the Yangtze pomelo.

1.6.1 reshaping

1.6.2 pruning

In conclusion, a set of natural open heart-shaped light-shear pruning method for the Yangtze pomelos is innovatively summarized, namely, a pruning technology of taking winter pruning as a main method, alternating the fruit with low-yield trees, stopping branches without stopping trees, retracting crown of old trees, cutting off roots and updating, putting the trees into production, namely, opening skylights on the upper part, opening hanging branches on the lower part, thinning and densely crossing the periphery, and pruning the withered branches in the inner chamber is adopted. The pruning technique is simple, efficient, popular and easy to understand, and is very suitable for actual operation of fruit growers.

1.7 Green prevention and control technology

Due to the long planting history and the aging of trees, the large-scale planting in pieces, vigorous growth, closed orchard, inadequate management technology and the like, the Shaoxing white pomelos have relatively heavy pest and disease damage and higher control difficulty and mainly comprise foot rot, gummosis, anthracnose, red and yellow spiders, scales, longicorn and the like. Through years of experimental demonstration, a project group summarizes a set of green prevention and control integration technology for the main diseases and insect pests of the Yangtze pomelos.

1.7.1 physical prevention and control measures

(1) Ploughing and loosening soil in early spring. After the Yuanjiang white pomelos are harvested in spring, the surface layer of the soil is loosened to the depth of 8-15cm, so that the living environment of overwintering pupae with insect pests such as fruit flies is destroyed, and the base number of the disease insect in the soil is reduced. 2.5 percent of cyhalothrin emulsifiable solution 1000 times, 5 percent of abamectin 2000 times and 3-5 Baume degree of lime sulfur mixture are used in spring of a serious orchard for individual fruit flies, ground spraying is carried out, pests such as overwintering fruit flies are killed, and successful eclosion of the pests is prevented.

(3) The trunk is whitered. On one hand, the cold resistance of the trunk is improved, and diseases and insect pests such as longicorn, gerbil, snail, foot rot and the like are prevented and controlled. The height of the white brush is 80cm above the ground or the first-level branch, the bark of the trunk is firstly scraped, and then the white paint is evenly brushed. The special commodity trunk whitening agent such as 'Kabai' is adopted, and the trunk can be directly sprayed by a sprayer, so that the labor is saved, the adhesive force is good, and the effect is lasting.

1.7.2 physical and chemical control measures

Aiming at pests such as leaf miner, fruit piercing moth and the like, a solar insecticidal lamp, an illumination electric frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, a black light lamp and the like are adopted for light trapping and killing. The installation time can be 3-4km every²Installing a pendant lamp 3-3.5m or 0.5m higher than the crown, and turning on the lamp from the last ten days of 4 months to the middle and night of the last ten days of 10 months; aiming at color-trending pests such as whiteflies, aphids, fruit flies and the like, yellow or blue sticky boards are hung for trapping and killing, about 20 color boards are hung per mu, and the blue boards have the best trapping and killing effect on thrips. Preventing and controlling Bactrocera minax, adopting sugar-vinegar liquid (6% brown sugar, 2% vinegar, 1% white wine, 5% avermectin 2000 times liquid) for trapping and killing; in addition, pest control of upper and lower tree habits such as red spider, snail, black locust and the like is achieved by trapping and killing with a pest sticking belt near the base of the trunk.

1.7.3 biological control measures

(1) Biological pesticide and mineral pesticide are used. In the process of preventing and treating diseases and insect pests, the principle of 'controlling insects and inhibiting bacteria and treating diseases' is adhered to, and the arrowhead scale and red spider are prevented and treated by spraying 170-fold solution of 0.5 percent matrine aqueous solution; when young shoots sprout for 3mm or the damage rate of new leaves is about 5%, spraying 900 times of 25% nicotine-toosendanin emulsifiable solution to prevent and control bud maggots; spraying 300 times of 27% saponin-nicotine soluble powder in the last ten days of 8 months to prevent and control the rust ticks; 200 times of liquid spray of 120-degree water aqua of antimycotic is used for preventing and treating diseases such as anthracnose and the like.

(2) And (5) growing grass and cultivating. Different kinds of plants such as clover, ageratum thistle, paspalum natatum, alfalfa and the like are planted in the row space and the periphery of the orchard garden, and the diversity of ecological species is guaranteed.

(3) The technique for treating mites with mites. Mainly comprises red spiders, yellow spiders and tick mites, wherein the red spiders, the yellow spiders and the tick mites occur about 18-20 generations in one year in the underlay river, the red spiders and the yellow spiders are seriously damaged in 3-5 months in spring and 9-10 months in autumn, the vigorous growth is carried out at the air temperature of 16-24 ℃, and the vigorous growth peak is carried out at 4 months. After 5 th of the month, the population density of the plant hoppers increases rapidly, and the peak is reached in 7 months. The crown-blocked pomelo fruit is the most serious. When each leaf has 2-3 head worms on average, the control is carried out in time. The drug-resistant small neoseiulus persicae is mainly adopted to control red-yellow spider and rust tick. The release is carried out in late afternoon from late 4 to late 8 months or in cloudy days of each year. The pesticide is applied for controlling the plant diseases and insect pests in the orchard once about 20 days before the pesticide is put into the orchard, and the 80 percent mancozeb wettable powder 600 times liquid, the 11 percent etoxazole missible oil 5000 times liquid, the 24 percent spirodiclofen 2000 times liquid and the like are sprayed, so that the pest and mite can be reduced, and a plurality of pest and insect species can be controlled. The method comprises the steps of placing 1 bag of predatory mites on each tree, cutting a 2 cm-long gap above the bag, fixing the bag at a shady place, preferably the 1 st withered fork below a crown, and enabling the gap and the bottom of the bag to be completely contacted with a trunk, wherein 2 bags can be properly placed on a luxuriant tree. Matching with the stem whitening, spraying 1000 times of plant oil and 170 times of 0.5 percent matrine solution, the prevention effect is good.

Test site, time and dose:

Test agents: trunk whitening agent (formula: quicklime 2.5kg, lime sulphur stock solution (26-28 Baume degree) 0.5kg, salt 0.1kg, water 10kg for mixing, ready to use), vegetable oil (Pamieri, Mesona biological nutrition Co., Ltd.), 0.5% matrine aqua (Jiangsu Nantong Xinhua pesticide Co., Ltd.), and drug-resistant predatory mite (orange institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences)

The prevention and treatment effect calculation formula is as follows: control efficacy/% (number of predacious mites in the 1-placebo area x number of postacious mites in the treatment area

Number of post-drug mites in blank control area x number of pre-drug mites in treatment area) x 100

and (4) treatment: hanging 1 bag/strain of predatory mites;

and (4) treatment 5: and (4) clear water.

TABLE 7 statistical table for red spider control effect investigation

Experiments prove that the red spider mite prevention and treatment effect is good when tree trunks are brushed white, 1 bag/plant of predatory mites are hung, 1000 times of vegetable oil and 170 times of 0.5% matrine are used, and the prevention effect can reach more than 97% after 1d-28d of pesticide application. The pesticide has low toxicity and no pollution to the environment, can quickly reduce the base number of red spiders, can obviously increase the control effect and the lasting period by matching with the stem whitening and predatory mite release, and is an effective method for controlling the red spiders in the current grapefruit orchard.

1.7.4 chemical control by scientific application

The innovation provides that the environment-friendly chemical pesticide with high efficiency, low toxicity and long lasting period is matched with mineral oil or vegetable oil for use, and the problem of difficulty in preventing and controlling partial pests after the high-efficiency and high-toxicity pesticide is forbidden to be used is solved. Aiming at different plant diseases and insect pests, the medicament with strong pertinence is accurately applied, the principle of alternate rotation and compound medication is followed in the sensitive period such as the young (if) insect period, the medicament is applied in the germination period, the seedling period, the leaf expanding period, the flowering period, the young fruit period and the pre-harvest period, the medicament with low toxicity and low residue is selected as much as possible, the dosage of the chemical medicament is strictly controlled, the safety interval period is strictly mastered, the national regulation forbidden pesticide is strictly forbidden, the aerosol and the electrostatic atomizer are popularized and used, so that the medicament loss is reduced, and the control effect is improved.

(1) Coccid

The Teijiang white pomelo is mainly Lecanicillium kuwana, and the key prevention and treatment period is the coccid nymph flourishing period. The use of mineral oil emulsifiable concentrate or vegetable oil mixed with other insecticides for preventing and controlling coccid (the use of mineral oil is avoided in the flowering phase and the physiological fruit drop phase, and the use of Peimiri vegetable oil is selected) can improve and prolong the prevention and control effect. The main selected medicaments are: 97% mineral oil emulsifiable oil 100-.

(2) Foot rot

(3) Gummosis of the skin

Gummosis usually occurs in the main stem and branches, the bark of the affected part is browned and cracked, the gum often flows out, the scab is unshaped, after the infection, the tree is weak, and the whole tree dies if the disease is serious. Trees that are subject to insect, burn, and mechanical injury are most likely to occur. Scraping the affected part with a knife at the early stage of disease onset, marking with "#" shape, making the small scale reach xylem at intervals of 1cm, coating the affected part with 50% thiophanate or 50% carbendazim 100 times liquid or 65% zineb 100 times for 2-3 times, coating for 1 time every 7-10 days, paying attention to reduce the damage of the tree body, and replacing the affected soil with the non-diseased soil. Meanwhile, the longhorn beetles are prevented and cured.

(4) Anthracnose, soot disease, scab

In conclusion, through years of test practice, a mite green prevention and control key technology of 'tree trunk whitewashing + predatory mites + vegetable oil + matrine' is established, namely, the tree trunk whitewashing and the predatory mites are hung, the tree crowns are sprayed with 1000 times of vegetable oil + 0.5% of matrine by 170 times, the spraying can be carried out for 2-3 times, and the red spider prevention effect can be kept above 97%. On the basis, a green pest and disease damage prevention and control technology integrating physical measures, physicochemical control, biological control and scientific chemical control is established, the pest and disease damage incidence rate is reduced to below 5%, the use of chemical pesticides is greatly reduced, and the pest and disease damage prevention and control technology is not only effective, but also safe and has no residue.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A white pomelo high yield method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

artificial cross pollination is carried out by taking MiYou Mixi GUAN as a pollination variety for increasing pollination yield;

the flower and fruit promotion adopts ring cutting, flower promoting agent, artificial cross pollination and nutrition fruit retention;

carrying out nutrition diagnosis detection by selecting 50 points of soil and leaves in a white pomelo orchard in the Yangtze river for years, and performing first verification in pomelo oranges by applying a winter withered water fruit dropping mechanism of late-maturing oranges on the basis of analysis data results;

the winter falling prevention and granulation prevention of the Yangtze pomelo in the Yangtze river is comprehensively realized by balanced fertilization, hormone fruit preservation, waterlogging drainage and film covering, and proper planting;

the nutrition diagnosis formula fertilizer application adopts compound fertilizer, the fruit is observed for fertilizer application, organic fertilizer is applied additionally, and major and medium trace elements of zinc, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and boron and brassin are supplemented;

the pruning is carried out lightly and simply, the pruning in winter is mainly carried out, the low-yield trees are adopted for rotation and fruiting, the branches are stopped, the crowns of the old trees are retracted, the roots of the old trees are cut off and updated, skylight is opened on the production trees, the branches are hoisted downwards, the dense and crossed parts are thinned and removed at the periphery, and the pruning of the withered branches is removed at the inner part;

green prevention and control technology: physical control, physical and chemical control, biological control and chemical control are combined, green mite control of tree trunk whitening, vegetable oil, matrine and predatory mites is established, and pest and disease damage control of the Maojiang white pomelos is performed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of performing a pollen stigma germination test comprises: collecting buds to be opened, separating petals, separating anthers from filaments, spreading the anthers in a 28-DEG environment, drying for 48 hours, and carrying out artificial pollination test; two treatments are set:

and (3) treatment 2: pollinating pollen of the Yangtze pomelo to stigma of the Yangtze pomelo;

collecting 10 parts of each of the two treated stigma for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after pollination, respectively, wherein the total amount of the two treated stigma is 100 parts, fixing the two stigma parts by using FAA fixing solution, and observing the germination of pollen grains on the stigma and the elongation condition in the stigma by a microscope.

3. The method for increasing yield of white pomelos according to claim 1, wherein the treatment mode for performing the pollination yield increase experiment comprises the following steps:

the grafting and pollination tree is planted according to the main method: pollinating seeds as 3: 1, proportional allocation;

artificial cross-pollination was performed, with 2 replicates per treatment.

4. The method for increasing yield of white pomelo according to claim 1, wherein the method for performing a flower and fruit promotion experiment comprises: selecting 6-year-old Maojiang white pomelo plants, wherein the tree vigor is consistent, the flowers are basically absent, the yield is not high, and the average fruit bearing of a single plant is less than 1; the experiment was set to 5 treatments:

treatment 1: spiral girdling for 3 circles in 9 months, 166 times of liquid of a shaddock flower promoting agent, spraying 750 times of liquid of 'micro-supplement of blue fruit power' (phosphorus 400g/L, potassium 60g/L, nitrogen 40g/L, calcium 20g/L, magnesium 4g/L, copper 0.5g/L, manganese 0.5g/L, zinc 0.5g/L, boron 0.5g/L), 100mg/kg of brassin, 100mg/kg of spiral girdling for 3 circles or 100mg/kg of gibberellin when flowers are withered for 2/3 days, and spraying once again after 15 days;

and (4) treatment: 9, branch pulling and girdling;

and (4) treatment 5: control, clear water;

5. The method for increasing yield of white pomelos as claimed in claim 1, wherein the special yield increasing technology of girdling, flower promoting agent, artificial cross pollination and nutrition fruit retention specifically comprises the following steps: the girdling treatment of the vigorous main branches and 166 times spraying of pomelo flower promoting agents on the tree crowns in the first 9 months are matched with an artificial cross-pollination technology, and 750 times of 'micro-complementing blueberry fruit power', 100mg/kg of brassin and 3 circles of spiral girdling or 100mg/kg of gibberellin are sprayed for 2 times after flowers are withered for 2/3 and before the second physiological fruit drop is finished after the first physiological fruit drop.

6. The method for increasing yield of white pomelos as set forth in claim 1, wherein a comprehensive technique of fruit retention, falling prevention and granulation prevention in winter is carried out, comprising: conveying 50 orchard soil and leaf samples of an implementation place to a citrus seedling quality and supervision detection center of an agricultural department, and carrying out index detection on soil pH value, organic matters, mineral substances and leaf nutrient indexes to obtain data; the winter fruit retention, falling prevention and withering prevention mechanism of late-maturing citrus is applied, data comparison analysis and verification are carried out on the obtained orchard soil and tree body nutrition data of the Yangtze river-laying late pomelo, the physiological mechanism of winter fruit falling granulation of the Yangtze river-laying late pomelo is explored, and the winter falling prevention and granulation technology of the Yangtze river-laying late pomelo mainly comprising balanced fertilization, hormone fruit retention, waterlogging drainage and film covering and suitable planting is finally formed by combining the formula fertilization technology of the Yangtze river-laying late pomelo based on nutrition diagnosis.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of conducting a fertigation test comprises: based on the nutrition diagnosis result, a formulated fertilization test mainly supplementing organic matters, potassium, copper, zinc and boron is carried out, random block design is carried out, 5 plants are planted in 1 cell, and the fertilization test is repeated for 3 times;

treatment 1: applying compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 25:10:10)1.5kg on the plants in 3 months and 4 days; 1.5kg of organic fertilizer, 2.5kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 13:8:12, organic matter is more than or equal to 30%) is applied to plants in 7 months and 1 day, 1kg of compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 8:16:16) is applied to plants in 9 months, and 5kg of oil cake is applied to plants in 12 months and 5 days; 100 kg of human and animal manure and 150kg of organic fertilizer; in addition, 750 times of liquid of 'micro-replenishing blueberry effect' is sprayed on the leaf surface in 5 months and 5 days, 750 times of liquid of 'micro-replenishing cover effect' (calcium 150g/L) is sprayed on the leaf surface in the expansion period of 3 days in 7 months, and 750 times of liquid of 'micro-replenishing red cherry effect' (phosphorus 420g/L, potassium 80g/L, calcium 20g/L and magnesium 12g/L) is sprayed on the leaf surface in 9 months;

and (3) treatment 2: the soil fertilization scheme is the same as that of 1, 9 months and 2 days, and 750 times of the micro-patch red fruit capacity is sprayed on the leaf surfaces;

8. The high yield method of white pomelos as set forth in claim 1, wherein a simple and easy pruning technique is integrated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) shaping, and carrying out the principle of 'year-by-year culture and multi-year maintenance', wherein branch supporting, branch pulling and branch hanging methods are adopted for young trees and trees put into production at first, and the main branches and the trunk are pulled to an angle of more than 45 degrees in spring and autumn, and are cultured into a natural open heart shape;

(2) pruning, adopting branch pulling and shaping and bud picking and tip releasing methods to expand the crown of the tree in spring and autumn every year in the sapling period, and increasing the branch levels; the bearing mother branch of the Yangtze pomelo is mainly spring shoots growing for 3-4 years, and the bearing sequence is from bottom to top and from inside to outside; protecting the skirt branches and the bearing mother branches in the inner chamber, frequently pulling branches and less pruning; the adult production tree is mainly cut in winter, the inner chamber and the lower branches are kept, the top and the periphery of dense branches and sunshade branches are thinned and cut by a simple pruning method of opening a skylight, and the branches with diseases and insects and crossed branches are pruned.

9. The high yield method of white pomelos as set forth in claim 1, wherein the green prevention and control technology specifically comprises:

(I) physical control

(1) Ploughing and loosening the soil in early spring, and after harvesting the white pomelos under the condition of filling the river in spring, ploughing and loosening the surface layer of the soil to the depth of 8-15 cm; 2.5 percent of cyhalothrin emulsifiable solution 1000 times, 5 percent of abamectin 2000 times and 3-5 Baume degree lime sulphur mixture are used for ground spraying;

(2) enhancing fertilizer and water management, namely increasing organic fertilizer input by cutting green, turning over and burying, interplanting green manure in a garden, building farmyard manure, planting leguminous land-raising crops and enlarging the use of commercial organic fertilizers;

(3) the trunk is whitewashed, the whitening height is 80cm from the ground or the first-level branch, the bark of the trunk is firstly scraped, and then the whitewash is evenly brushed, or the trunk is directly sprayed with the commercial trunk whitewash such as 'Kabai' and the like;

(II) physical and chemical induction control

The moths are trapped and killed by adopting a solar insect killing lamp, an illuminating electric frequency vibration type insect killing lamp and a black light lamp; the color-tropism pests are trapped and killed by hanging yellow or blue sticky boards; the method is characterized in that pests with the habits of controlling red spider, snail and black cicada on and off trees are trapped and killed by using a sticky insect belt at the base of a trunk; preventing and controlling bactrocera minax, and trapping and killing; spraying sugar-vinegar solution containing 6% brown sugar, 2% vinegar, 1% Chinese liquor, and 5% avermectin 2000 times;

(III) biological control

(1) Biological pesticide and mineral pesticide are used, and 170 times of solution of 0.5% matrine aqua is used for spraying to larva to prevent and treat arrowhead scale; when young shoots sprout for 3mm or the damage rate of new leaves is 5%, spraying 900 times of 25% nicotine-toosendanin emulsifiable solution to prevent and control bud maggots; spraying 300 times of 27% saponin-nicotine soluble powder in the last ten days of 8 months to prevent and control the rust ticks; spraying 170 times of 0.5% matrine solution for 2-3 times to prevent and treat red spider; spraying 200 times of liquid of 120-dimensional water of antimycotic agent to prevent and treat anthracnose;

(2) planting clover, ageratum thistle, paspalum natatum and alfalfa in the row and around the orchard; or reserving natural weeds, and mowing when the weeds grow to be 30-35cm high for tree disc covering;

(3) the method is characterized in that a mite control technology is adopted, drug-resistant small newly-amblyseius barkeri is adopted to control red-yellow spiders and rust ticks, and the method is put in evening from late 4 to late 8 months or cloudy days every year; 20 days before the pesticide is put into the orchard, the pesticide is applied for prevention and control for the plant diseases and insect pests in the orchard once, and the pesticide is sprayed by 80 percent mancozeb wettable powder 600 times liquid, 11 percent etoxazole missible oil 5000 times liquid, 24 percent spirodiclofen 2000 times liquid and the like; placing 1 bag of predatory mites on each tree, cutting a gap with the length of 2cm above the bag, fixing the bag at a shady place, and completely touching the gap and the bottom of the bag with the trunk at the 1 st withered fork below the crown of the tree, wherein 2 bags can be properly placed for luxuriant trees; spraying 1000 times of vegetable oil and 170 times of 0.5% matrine on tree crown for 2-3 times in combination with tree trunk whitening;

test agents: trunk whitening agent, vegetable oil, 0.5% matrine aqua, and predatory mite with drug resistance; a trunk whitening agent; quicklime is lime mixture stock solution with the Baume degree of 26-28 of 0.5kg, salt of 0.1kg, and water of 10kg are added for mixing uniformly, and the mixture is used after being mixed;

the prevention and treatment effect calculation formula is as follows: the control effect/% (1-number of pre-drug mites in the blank control area x number of post-drug mites in the treatment area/number of post-drug mites in the blank control area x number of pre-drug mites in the treatment area) x 100;

data processing: performing biological statistical analysis on each processing data by using SPSS 20.0 through a Duncan's new complex polar difference method;

treatment 1: brushing the tree trunk white, and hanging 1 bag/plant of predatory mites;

and (4) treatment: hanging 1 bag/strain of predatory mites;

and (4) treatment 5: clear water;

(IV) chemical control

(1) Coccid

Mineral oil missible oil or vegetable oil is mixed with other insecticides for preventing and controlling scale insects, vegetable oil is selected in the flowering phase and the physiological fruit drop phase, and the selected agents are as follows: 97% of mineral oil missible oil 100-fold liquid, 95% of engine oil emulsion 100-fold liquid, 5% of buprofezin wettable powder 1000-fold liquid, mu Wang 4000-fold liquid 4500-fold liquid, 22.4% of spirotetramat suspending agent 3500-fold liquid 4500-fold liquid, Akita 4000-fold liquid and 25% of quinalphos missible oil 800-fold liquid for spraying;

(2) cutting off the dead part of the foot rot, cutting a # -shaped small scale, and cutting the root of the foot rot with a tree stump, cutting off the mud on the diseased part, cutting the # -shaped small scale with a cutting knife, cutting the root rot with a cutting knife, cutting the cutting knife with a cutting knife, cutting: 1: spraying 10 Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim 100 times liquid for preventing and treating;

(3) gummosis, scraping dead part with knife at the early stage of disease onset, marking "#" shape, small carving with one centimeter deep to xylem, coating the disease part with 50% thiophanate or 50% carbendazim 100 times liquid or 65% zineb 100 times for 2-3 times, and coating 1 time every 7-10 days;

(4) anthrax, soot disease and scab, which are prevented and controlled for 2-3 times by 400 times of 65 percent of zinc acetate or 800 times of thiophanate methyl or a big M-45 agent when the spring shoots sprout 1-2mm, and the flowers wither 2/3 and the young fruit period.

10. The high yield method of white pomelos as claimed in claim 1, wherein compound fertilizer is adopted 3 times, fruit-looking fertilization is carried out 2 times, organic fertilizer is applied additionally, and zinc, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron major and minor trace elements and brassin are supplemented to leaf surfaces 2-3 times.