CN113207537B - Grafting breeding method for mountain pepper seedlings Shan Yasui - Google Patents
Grafting breeding method for mountain pepper seedlings Shan Yasui Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting propagation method of a mountain pepper seedling Shan Yasui, which is characterized in that scions of a stock and a mountain pepper high-quality mother tree are selected as scions, the scions are treated to form single bud scions in the middle and late 2 months to the middle and late 3 months of spring, grafting is carried out, when 1 st to 2 nd compound leaves of the scions are unfolded, the compound leaves are sprayed with a mixed solution, and the newly germinated leaves are sprayed with a mixed medicament, so that healing of grafting ports can be accelerated, new bud germination is promoted, disease infection is reduced, and quality of grafted seedlings is improved. And (5) performing production management work on the grafted seedlings. The invention achieves the purposes of keeping the activity of the cluster of the capsicum, prolonging the grafting time, improving the utilization rate of the cluster of the capsicum to the greatest extent, improving the grafting survival rate of the capsicum, improving the growth speed of the grafted seedling of the capsicum and improving the quality of the seedling, and is suitable for large-scale high-efficiency grafting and breeding of the seedling of the capsicum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant grafting, and particularly relates to a grafting breeding method for a zanthoxylum bungeanum seedling Shan Yasui.
Background
Fructus Zanthoxyli (Zanthoxylum piperitum) is a seed of Laurel of Zanthoxylum of Rutaceae. The fruits, branches and leaves of the tree are widely used as spice seasonings and medicinal materials, and are economic forest tree species with homology of medicine and food. The height of the tree is 1 m-5 m, and the tree shape has openness; moderate sprouting force, strong Cheng Zhili, small amount of skin thorns or no thorns; the annual branches and trunks are grey brown, and the tender tips are small and She Lve red; and the odd-numbered feathered compound leaves are provided with 7 to 19 opposite leaflets, the edge of each leaflet is obvious in sawtooth, the axes of each leaflet are light red, and the length and the width of each leaflet are (2.9 to 3.6) cm multiplied by (1.0 to 1.58) cm. Separating male and female plants from the middle ten days of 4 months to the upper ten days of 5 months of flowering period, wherein the male plants only bloom without fruits, and the female plants form a total inflorescence, and each inflorescence generates at most about 133 pepper fruits; fruits are nearly spherical or oval. The peel is green at the beginning, bright red after maturation, and the thousand grains of the pepper peel weight is 14 g-23 g. The thickness of the pericarp is 1.1-1.4 mm, and each 100g pericarp contains 8.0-12.3 ml essential oil. The early flowering and fruiting performance is strong, the female plants can bloom and fruit in the second year after field planting, and the fruits are ripe from 9 months to 10 months. At present, the seedling propagation method of the zanthoxylum bungeanum is mainly grafting, the seedling is used for seeding stock seedlings, 2-3 buds of scions are used for grafting propagation before the next ten days of 2 months, mixed solution with the functions of killing bacteria, increasing nutrition of leaves and promoting healing growth is not used for treatment after grafting, the grafting production time is short, the scion utilization rate is low, the grafting healing speed is low, the seedling growth is slow, the grafting survival rate and the seedling quality are affected, and a grafting technology is needed in production to solve the problem.
At present, the seedling propagation method of the zanthoxylum bungeanum is mainly grafting, the seedling is used for seeding stock seedlings, 2-3 buds of scions are used for grafting propagation before the next ten days of 2 months, mixed solution with the functions of killing bacteria, increasing nutrition of leaves and promoting healing growth is not used for treatment after grafting, the grafting production time is short, the scion utilization rate is low, the grafting healing speed is low, the seedling growth is slow, the grafting survival rate and the seedling quality are affected, and a grafting technology is needed in production to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing mountain pepper seedling propagation, the invention provides a method for prolonging the mountain pepper grafting time, improving the mountain pepper grafting spike utilization rate, promoting the healing of the mountain pepper seedling grafting opening and increasing the callus growth speed of the grafting opening, thereby improving the seedling grafting survival rate and the quality of the grafted seedling. The grafting time is prolonged by wax sealing and refrigerating the selected mountain pepper scions, the scion utilization rate is improved by using single bud scions, the seedling nutrition is increased by using an amino acid liquid fertilizer, the rooting powder solution is used for increasing the seedling healing speed and the formation amount of callus, and the thiophanate methyl solution is used for forming a medicine film on the germinated tender branches and leaves.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the grafting propagation method of the mountain pepper seedlings Shan Yasui comprises the working procedures of spike wax sealing, spike refrigeration, stock selection and treatment, scion preparation, grafting and post-grafting germination medicament treatment, wherein the grafting season is 2 to 3 months, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) Selecting 1-year-old green pepper seedlings subjected to root breaking treatment or green pepper strong seedlings sown in non-woven fabric nutrition bags as stock;
2) Cutting mountain pepper branches from the middle upper part of the crowns of the high-quality parent trees to serve as scions;
3) Cutting grafting ports on the stock from the middle and late 2 months to the middle and late 3 months, cutting the scions into wedges, reserving a single bud, inserting the single bud into a grafting attachment port of the stock, and sealing and wrapping the grafting ports by using a grafting film to expose bud bodies with scales;
4) When the buds on the single bud spike expand to germinate new buds and spread 1-2 compound leaves, the mixed solution is sprayed to the tender bud compound leaves for 1 week for 1 time until the grafting opening is healed.
Further, in the step 1), thorns and leaves on the stems 5 cm-8 cm above the root necks of the stocks are removed.
Further, the scions cut in the step 2) are sealed by wax in a paraffin wax and yellow wax mixed solution at the temperature of 100-125 ℃ and are preserved for standby at the temperature of 3-5 ℃.
Further, in the step 3), the side, with the plump buds, of the scion is cut into an inclined plane with the angle of 40-45 degrees, the front side and the back side are cut into long cut surfaces, one plump bud is reserved, and the scion strip is cut flat at the position of 0.5-0.6 cm above the bud.
Further, the preparation method of the mixed solution in the step 4) comprises the following steps: adding 10g/L of amino acid liquid fertilizer solution, ABT1 rooting powder and 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder into water in sequence, and uniformly mixing; wherein the mass ratio of the 10g/L amino acid liquid fertilizer solution to water is 1:100, the mass ratio of the ABT1 rooting powder to water is 1:20000, and the mass ratio of the 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder to water is 1:1000.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention uses the mixed solution of paraffin and yellow wax at 100-125 ℃ to carry out wax sealing treatment on the zanthoxylum bungeanum spike, thereby effectively preventing germs from invading the spike wound, reducing the water loss of the spike and preventing the spike from drying up. The freezing storage at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ is adopted for refrigeration, so that the situation that the buds on the scion sprout germinate in the late 2 months and the middle 3 months and cannot be used for grafting can be prevented. Grafting is carried out by using single bud scions, so that the utilization rate of the pricklyash spike can be improved. The ABT1 rooting powder solution is used for spraying germinated new leaves to treat scions, and 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder and amino acid liquid fertilizer are mixed into the solution, so that the effects of increasing nitrogen-containing nutrient elements, promoting cell growth and healing of grafting openings, preventing germ invasion are achieved, and the grafting survival rate and the quality of seedlings of the mountain pepper are improved; wrapping and winding the grafting film, sealing and fixing the grafting opening, preventing liquid from flowing into the grafting opening, isolating bacteria from being infected, and improving grafting survival rate; the mixed medicament is sprayed on the newly germinated leaves, plant nutrient substances and growth regulators can be supplemented, and the formed medicinal film and the systemic medicinal liquid can prevent diseases, so that the healing growth speed of grafting openings and the growth quantity of callus tissues are improved, the grafting survival rate is improved, and the quality of seedlings is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the grafting propagation method of the zanthoxylum bungeanum seedling Shan Yasui.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made more complete and clear in view of the detailed description of the invention, which is to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that illustrate only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The materials used in the examples below are all commercially available in conventional ways.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a mountain pepper seedling grafting method, which comprises the steps of spike wax sealing, spike refrigeration, stock selection and treatment, scion preparation, grafting and post-grafting germination medicament treatment, wherein the seedling grafting season is 3 late months, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Stock selection: the stock is selected from 1 year old green pepper seedlings subjected to root breaking treatment. And (5) removing thorns and leaves on the stem 5 cm-8 cm above the root neck of the stock.
(2) Spike selection and preparation: the mountain pepper branches which have no mechanical damage, no disease, no insect damage, early fruiting, large fruit grain diameter, vigorous growth, and are planted at the middle upper part of the crown of the parent tree and have the thickness of 0.7 cm-1 cm are selected as grafting scions. Cutting off the grafted scion from the mother tree, immersing the upper half part of the scion into melted paraffin wax and yellow wax mixed solution at 100-125 ℃, taking out after keeping for 1-1.5 seconds, cooling for 3-5 seconds, immersing the lower half part of the scion into paraffin wax and yellow wax mixed solution after keeping for 1-1.5 seconds, taking out after cooling for 3-5 seconds, and uniformly stacking. After complete cooling, selecting the scions with consistent length to be bundled according to 50 scions/bundle, aligning scion shearing openings during bundling, tightly bundling the scions, and then putting the scions into a refrigeration house for refrigeration at the temperature of 3-5 ℃.
(3) Grafting seedlings: selecting a grafting season in the last 3 months, selecting a grafting time in a sunny day, leveling the position of the stock in the step (1) 5cm away from the ground, cutting a flat grafting port with the length of 3cm from top to bottom on the stock, keeping the lower half of the cut bark, leveling off the upper half for standby, cutting one side of the scion with full buds in the step (2) into a 40-DEG inclined plane, cutting the bottom end into a wedge shape, cutting the front side and the back side into a long cutting surface with the length of 3cm, keeping a full bud, leveling off the scion at the position of 0.5cm above the buds to form 1 single bud scion, quickly inserting the cut single bud scion into a grafting joint of the stock, leveling the long surface of the scion with the grafting joint of the stock, tightly attaching, sealing and wrapping the single bud scion the grafting joint with the stock joint by a grafting film for 2 layers, exposing the bud with scales, and tightly wrapping the grafting joint up and down by using the grafting film after sealing.
(4) And (3) post-grafting management: after grafting, the seedlings are required to be soaked into a grafting opening to influence healing survival, fully receive natural light as much as possible, soil of a nursery land or a nutrition bag is kept moist, after grafting for 25 days, bud germination and grafting opening healing conditions are checked every 5 days, when buds on single bud spike pieces expand and germinate new buds and spread 1-2 complex leaves, mixed solution is sprayed to the complex leaves of the tender buds for 1 week for 1 time until the grafting opening is healed.
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer grass management: (1) and (3) water management: the soil is kept moist and no water is accumulated, water is thoroughly poured once 5-7 days before grafting, and water is supplemented after grafting according to the situation. (2) Weeding: the comprehensive weeding work is completed once before grafting, the seedling raising land after grafting is carefully weeding according to the situation, and the weeding is carried out once every 45 days on the principle that the budding spring of the capsicum is not damaged. (3) And (3) fertilizer management: the weeding and watering are combined, the root fertilization of the grafted seedlings is carried out with 45 days as one period, and the fertilizer is applied according to 300kg/hm 2 ～450kg/hm 2 Is carried out in the amount of application. (4) Removing sprouts: after the seedlings are grafted, the base parts of the stocks germinate branches, and the parts of the base parts of the germinating branches of the stocks are erased in time.
The spike wax sealing solution is prepared by mixing paraffin wax and yellow wax melting liquid. Putting 3 parts of paraffin into an iron pan with the diameter of 60cm which is continuously heated, after the paraffin is melted, putting 1 part of yellow wax into the iron pan, and after two kinds of wax liquid are fully melted and mixed, controlling the temperature of the solution to be 100-125 ℃.
The condition of the cold storage spike is that the temperature is controlled at 3-5 ℃ and 1 day before cold storage, and the cold storage is comprehensively disinfected and sterilized by adopting 1000mg/L of 50% chlorothalonil wettable powder solution.
When the mixed liquid medicine is prepared by foliage spraying treatment, 10g/L of plant amino acid liquid fertilizer solution is put into clean tap water which is kept stand for 1.2 hours, the mass ratio of the amino acid liquid fertilizer solution to water is 1:100, then ABT No. 1 rooting powder alcohol solution (the mass percentage is ABT No. 1 rooting powder: industrial purity alcohol=1:100) is put into the tap water, the mass ratio of the ABT No. 1 rooting powder to water is 1:20000, and then 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is put into the tap water, and the concentration of the 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is adjusted to 1000mg/L.
Example 2
Ordinary grafting method
(1) Stock selection: the stock is selected from green pepper seedlings which are sown in the field for 1 year.
(2) Scion preparation: in the late 2 months, full, robust and pest-free mountain pepper branches with the thickness of 10mm at the middle and upper parts of the crown of the mountain pepper parent tree are selected as scions during grafting.
(3) Grafting seedlings: and (3) adopting low grafting, stumping the stock in the step (1) at a position 5cm away from the ground, erasing all thorns and leaves of the grafting part, removing sundries, cutting a bark along the cambium of the stock from top to bottom, enabling the width of the cut to be slightly wider than that of the scion cut, exposing the milky cambium to depth, keeping the bark with the length of 0.8cm at the lower part, keeping the bark for standby, beveling the lower end of the scion in the step (2) from top to bottom by using a grafting knife along an angle of 40-45 ℃ to achieve smooth cut, reserving 2-3 healthy full buds, and performing flat shearing at a position 0.5cm above the uppermost bud to prepare the scion. The processed scion is rapidly inserted into a cut stock grafting port, the grafting surface of the scion is aligned with the grafting surface of the stock in a layering way, the lower part of the scion is inserted into the bark of 0.8cm of the stock, the upper part of the scion notch is slightly longer than the notch of the stock, the scion is wound upwards from the position of 0.5cm below the notch of the stock by using a grafted plastic film, and the scion is compacted and bound tightly.
(4) And (3) post-grafting management: after grafting, the stock is timely removed from the bud, and the green pepper buds germinated on the stock are erased. And after healing is completed completely and the healing opening begins to expand, removing the grafting membrane.
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer grass management: (1) and (3) water management: the soil is kept moist and no water is accumulated, water is thoroughly poured once 5-7 days before grafting, and water is supplemented after grafting according to the situation. (2) Weeding: the comprehensive weeding work is completed once before grafting, the seedling raising land after grafting is carefully weeding according to the situation, and the weeding is carried out once every 45 days on the principle that the budding spring of the capsicum is not damaged. (3) And (3) fertilizer management: the weeding and watering are combined, the root fertilization of the grafted seedlings is carried out with 45 days as one period, and the fertilizer is applied according to 300kg/hm 2 ～450kg/hm 2 Is carried out in the amount of application. (4) Removing sprouts: after the seedlings are grafted, the base parts of the stocks germinate branches, and the seedlings are erased at the base parts of the germinated branches in time.
In the method, except that the stock is a green pepper stock or a non-woven fabric nutrition bag green pepper seedling stock which is subjected to root breaking treatment for 1-2 years, the grafting scion adopts wax sealing and refrigeration treatment, so that a large number of scions are prevented from sprouting and losing water during large-scale grafting, the grafting time is prolonged for 15-20 days, the grafting scion is prepared by adopting single bud scions, the utilization rate of the mountain pepper scions is improved by 36.9%, the foliage is sprayed by adopting an amino acid liquid fertilizer, ABT No. 1 rooting powder and 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder mixed solution after grafting, the grafting survival rate of mountain pepper seedlings is improved by 11.02%, and the number of I and II-level seedlings is increased by 10.76%.
In the statistical embodiment, the number of the scion grafting breeding seedlings in unit length is converted into the number of the scion with average length of 1m capable of breeding the grafted seedlings, and the grafting survival rate, the average seedling height of the 1-year-old seedlings and the average base diameter of the 1-year-old seedlings of each grafting method are counted, wherein the ratio of the first-grade seedlings to the second-grade seedlings is calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 comparison of effects of example 1 and example 2 (comparative example)
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the grafting time of the example 1 can be prolonged to 3 middle ten days, but the common grafting method can only be cut off to 2 late ten days, and the grafting time of the mountain pepper is prolonged by 15-20 days by the technology of the patent. The average number of propagating seedlings per 1m spike in example 1 is 36.9% higher than that of propagating seedlings in a common grafting method, which shows that the patent can improve the propagation coefficient of the zanthoxylum schinifolium spike. The grafting survival rate of the example 1 is improved by 11.02% compared with that of the comparative example, which shows that the grafting method of the patent can improve the grafting survival rate of the zanthoxylum bungeanum. The average seedling height and the basal diameter growth amount of the 1-year-old seedlings of the example 1 are respectively improved by 11.50 percent and 8.54 percent compared with those of the comparative example, which shows that the patent can improve the growth amount of the mountain pepper grafted seedlings. The number of grafted seedlings I and II cultivated in the embodiment 1 is 10.76% greater than that of the grafted seedlings I and II in the comparison example, which indicates that the cultivation technology can increase the number proportion of grafted seedlings I and II of the mountain pepper.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. The grafting propagation method of the zanthoxylum bungeanum seedling Shan Yasui is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the working procedures of wax sealing of scions, refrigerating of scions, selection and treatment of stocks, preparation of scions, grafting and medicament treatment after grafting germination, wherein the grafting season of seedlings is 3 months up, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Stock selection: selecting 1-year-old green pepper seedlings subjected to root breaking treatment from the stock, and removing thorns and leaves on stems 5 cm-8 cm above the root neck of the stock;
(2) Spike selection and preparation: selecting mountain pepper branches which have no mechanical damage, no disease, no insect damage, early fruiting, large fruit grain diameter, vigorous growth, and are planted at the middle upper part of the crown of the parent tree and have the thickness of 0.7 cm-1 cm as grafting scions; cutting off the grafted scion from the parent tree, immersing the upper half part of the scion into melted paraffin wax and yellow wax mixed solution at 100-125 ℃, taking out the scion after keeping for 1-1.5 seconds, cooling for 3-5 seconds, immersing the lower half part of the scion into paraffin wax and yellow wax mixed solution after keeping for 1-1.5 seconds, taking out the scion after cooling for 3-5 seconds, and uniformly stacking the scion; after complete cooling, selecting the scions with consistent length to be bundled according to 50 scions/bundle, aligning scion shearing openings during bundling, tightly bundling the scions, and then putting the scions into a refrigeration house for refrigeration at the temperature of 3-5 ℃;
(3) Grafting seedlings: selecting a grafting season in the last 3 months, selecting a grafting time in a sunny day, leveling the position of the stock in the step (1) 5cm away from the ground, cutting a flat grafting port with the length of 3cm from top to bottom on the stock, keeping the lower half of the cut bark, leveling off the upper half for standby, cutting one side of the scion with full buds in the step (2) into a 40-DEG inclined plane, cutting the bottom end into a wedge shape, cutting the front side and the back side into a long cutting surface with the length of 3cm, keeping a full bud, leveling off the scion at the position of 0.5cm above the buds to form 1 single bud scion, quickly inserting the cut single bud scion into a grafting joint of the stock, leveling the long surface of the scion with the grafting joint of the stock, tightly attaching, sealing and wrapping the single bud scion the grafting joint with the stock joint by a grafting film for 2 layers, exposing the bud with scales, tightly wrapping the grafting joint up and down by using the grafting film after sealing;
(4) And (3) post-grafting management: after grafting, the seedlings are required to be soaked into a grafting opening to influence healing survival, fully receive natural light as much as possible, the soil of a nursery land or a nutrition bag is kept moist, after grafting for 25 days, bud germination and grafting opening healing conditions are checked every 5 days, when buds on single bud spike pieces expand and germinate new buds and spread 1-2 complex leaves, mixed solution is sprayed to the complex leaves of the tender buds for 1 week until the grafting opening is healed;
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer grass management: (1) and (3) water management: taking the principle of keeping soil moist and no water accumulation, watering thoroughly once 5-7 days before grafting, and supplementing water after grafting according to the situation; (2) weeding: complete one-time comprehensive weeding before grafting, carefully weeding the seedling raising land after grafting according to the situation,taking the principle of not damaging the germination of the mountain pepper as a principle, carrying out once every 45 days; (3) and (3) fertilizer management: the weeding and watering are combined, the root fertilization of the grafted seedlings is carried out with 45 days as one period, and the fertilizer is applied according to 300kg/hm 2 ～450kg/hm 2 Is carried out according to the application amount of the composition; (4) removing sprouts: after the seedlings are grafted, the base parts of the stocks germinate branches, and the seedlings are erased at the base parts of the germinated branches of the stocks in time;
wherein, the spike wax sealing solution is prepared by mixing paraffin wax and yellow wax melting liquid; placing 3 parts of paraffin into an iron pan with the diameter of 60cm which is continuously heated, after the paraffin is melted, placing 1 part of yellow wax, and after two wax liquids are sufficiently melted and mixed, controlling the temperature of the solution to be 100-125 ℃;
the condition of the cold storage spike is that the temperature is controlled at 3-5 ℃, and 1 day before cold storage, the cold storage is subjected to comprehensive disinfection and sterilization treatment by adopting 1000mg/L of 50% chlorothalonil wettable powder solution;
when the mixed liquid medicine for foliage spraying treatment is prepared, 10g/L of plant amino acid liquid fertilizer solution is put into clean tap water which is kept stand for 1.2 hours, the mass ratio of the amino acid liquid fertilizer solution to water is 1:100, and then the plant amino acid liquid fertilizer solution is put into ABT1 rooting powder alcohol solution, wherein the mass percentage of the plant amino acid liquid fertilizer solution is ABT1 rooting powder: industrial purity alcohol=1:100, the mass ratio of the ABT1 rooting powder to water is 1:20000, and then 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is added, and the concentration of the 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is adjusted to 1000mg/L.
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