CN111903460A - Method for cultivating potted finger lemon - Google Patents
Method for cultivating potted finger lemon Download PDFInfo
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- CN111903460A CN111903460A CN202010641094.6A CN202010641094A CN111903460A CN 111903460 A CN111903460 A CN 111903460A CN 202010641094 A CN202010641094 A CN 202010641094A CN 111903460 A CN111903460 A CN 111903460A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/67—Dwarf trees, e.g. bonsai
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for cultivating potted finger lemons, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. According to the method, a large amount of researches are carried out on the growth attributes of the potted finger lemons, and the method for cultivating the potted finger lemons comprises the steps of selecting land; selecting seedlings, selecting pots and planting; watering and fertilizing; pruning and pruning; managing flowers and fruits and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests; the steps of harvesting, storing and transporting have the characteristics of short cultivation time, easy planting, high survival rate and easy management, realize the ornamental value and the economic value of the finger lemons and are worthy of popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating potted finger lemons.
Background
The finger lemon is also called Australia finger orange, and is also called orange and lemon caviar, the fruit shape is unique, the size of each finger is only that of an adult, the average weight is 5-8g, and the edible rate is 100%. The finger lemon is a small shrub fruit tree, is native to tropical rainforest regions such as the east of Australia and the southeast of New Guinea, and is sparsely planted in the regions such as Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian, Hainan and the like at present.
The lemon fruit jam has unique flavor, is rich in various substances required by human metabolism, such as sugar, vitamin C, flavonoid and the like, has extremely high nutritional value, is internationally praised as the 'caviar', can be processed into seasonings such as sauce, jam and the like besides fresh eating, and has higher nutritional value and development value.
The finger lemon is generally bred by grafting, and annual seedling branches of citrus plants are selected as rootstocks. The fruit tree potted plant has the effects of ornamental value and economic benefit, and meets the demand concept of people. The content of potted finger lemons is not recorded in the prior art, so that the development of a method for cultivating potted finger lemons is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the method for cultivating the potted finger lemons, which has the characteristics of short cultivation time, easy planting, high survival rate and easy management, realizes the ornamental value and the economic value of the finger lemons, and is worthy of popularization and application.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a method for cultivating potted finger lemons comprises the following steps:
1) selecting land: selecting tropical and subtropical rainforest regions with the temperature of 16-32 ℃ and the annual precipitation of more than 400 mm as planting areas;
2) selecting seedlings, selecting pots and planting: selecting mature disease-free finger lemon seedlings; selecting a ceramic basin with good water permeability and air permeability, wherein planting soil comprises garden soil, coconut coir, nutrient soil, perlite and wood chips; the potted plants after field planting guarantee illumination time of at least 5-6 hours every day, and a small finger lemon seedling is planted in one pot;
3) watering and fertilizing: observing the soil humidity condition every day in the 1 st month of planting to ensure that the soil 2cm away from the pot is kept moist, ensuring that the soil 30cm away from the earth surface is kept moist from the 2 nd month to the early 7 th month of planting, and keeping the soil in the pot moist from the middle ten days to the bottom of 8 months of planting but not accumulating water; during the period from the flowering to the fruit growing to 1cm, the fertilization is avoided, otherwise the fruit abortion is easily caused;
4) pruning and trimming: pruning and shaping the saplings to keep 4-6 main branches; removing vigorous sprouts and rootstocks along with the maturity of the trees; the fruit is lightly trimmed after picking to renew the fruit wood and keep the tree at a controlled height;
5) flower and fruit management and pest control: sufficient water is needed to be irrigated in the flowering period; pest control is carried out by pruning the damaged tips, pesticides are used as little as possible, unnecessary and cautiously used, and orchard management is enhanced;
6) harvesting, storing and transporting: the fruits are ripe between 12 months and 5 months of the next year, the main harvesting period is between 3 months and 5 months, and the fruits are picked every 10 to 14 days; care should be taken to avoid fruit collisions during and after harvest.
Further, in the step (1), the soil layer of the planting area is loose, the drainage is good, the soil is moist, fertile and loose, and the pH value is between 5.5 and 8.5.
Further, in the step (2), dipping the finger lemon plantlets in the rooting powder solution for 15-20 seconds, and then transplanting the finger lemon plantlets into a pot for field planting.
Further, in the step (2), the caliber of the ceramic basin is 16-30cm, and the height is 18-32 cm; the mass ratio of the garden soil, the coconut chaff, the nutrient soil, the perlite and the sawdust is 4:4:2:1: 1; the potted plants are placed on a large dish or tray filled with gravel, high humidity is maintained, and the water level is maintained below the gravel surface.
Further, in the step (3), applying a fertilizer before the trees bloom, wherein the fertilizer mainly contains a fertilizer with high nitrogen content and low phosphoric acid content; alternatively, a mineral fertilizer containing potassium and trace elements including at least one of zinc, copper, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese is used.
Furthermore, in the step (4), withered wood needs to be removed regularly, but the withered wood is not easy to trim in hot days; clearing dense branches; and removing the twigs grafted by the main stems.
Further, in the step (5), when the pterides larvae harm leaves, the spraying treatment is carried out by adopting the bacillus thuringiensis, 1 percent of abamectin 4000-times liquid or 30 percent of pesticide chrysanthemum ester 3000-times liquid
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the method, a large amount of researches are carried out on the growth attributes of the potted finger lemons, and the method for cultivating the potted finger lemons comprises the steps of selecting land; selecting seedlings, selecting pots and planting; watering and fertilizing; pruning and pruning; managing flowers and fruits and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests; the steps of harvesting, storing and transporting have the characteristics of short cultivation time, easy planting, high survival rate and easy management, realize the ornamental value and the economic value of the finger lemons and are worthy of popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The cultivation method of the potted finger lemon provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) land selection
The lemon fingerlings belong to the species of the male trees, are favorable to warm climate and not cold-resistant, grow well at 16-32 ℃, grow badly at the temperature lower than 10 ℃, and are selected as planting areas in tropical and subtropical rainforest areas with the temperature lower than-5 ℃ and the annual rainfall more than 400 mm, the soil layers of the planting areas are loose, the water drainage is good, the soil layers are moist, fertile and loose, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5.
4.2 seedling selection, pot selection and field planting
The ceramic basin with good water permeability and air permeability is selected, preferably, the aperture of the ceramic basin is 45-55cm, and the height of the ceramic basin is 35-55 cm.
Mature disease-free finger lemon seedlings are selected and transplanted into pots, and one finger lemon seedling is planted in one pot. The root system of the mature finger lemon is more in fiber, most of the nutrient roots are usually at the position of 30-60 cm of soil, and the roots are prevented from being damaged during transplanting. Most of finger lemons grow in the pot and can only reach 1-1.5 m. Preferably, the finger lemon plantlets are dipped in the rooting powder solution for 15-20 seconds and then transplanted into a pot for field planting, so that rooting and germination can be promoted.
The planting soil is mainly garden soil, and nutrient soil, coconut chaff, perlite, sawdust and the like are added to adjust and mix planting. Preferably, the planting soil is formed by mixing garden soil, coconut chaff, nutrient soil, perlite and wood chips according to the mass ratio of 4:4:2:1:1, the potted plants which are planted are placed on a large dish or a tray which is filled with gravels, high humidity is kept, and the water level is kept below the surface of the gravels.
The potted plant needs to be maintained on a windowsill irradiated by sunlight, illumination for 5-6 hours is guaranteed at least every day, the planting distance of the finger lemons is 2.5-3.0 meters, the finger lemons are covered in spring, a good moisture maintaining system is provided for keeping soil moist in summer, and a small amount of pruning is carried out every year after the potted plant is harvested in autumn.
3) Watering
Finger lemons are "hungry" plants that require sufficient moisture, especially during the flowering, fruit setting, and fruit growth periods, during which growth is maintained without the application of fertilizers.
The seedling reviving stage is in 1 month after potted seedlings enter the pot, because the root system is shallow, the blade and the stem are tender, the requirement on moisture is relatively high, the soil humidity condition should be observed daily at the time, and the soil 2cm in the pot is guaranteed to keep moist.
The early growth stage of the potted seedlings is from 2 months to 7 months after the potted seedlings are placed in the pot, the overground parts of the seedlings grow slowly at the early growth stage, but the roots grow rapidly, and the positions 30cm below the ground surface are kept moist, so that good water, air and heat conditions are created for the roots.
The stable period of the potted seedlings is from 7 middle ten days to 8 months, and is also a key stage for determining the growth condition, and the most ideal state is to keep the potted plants moist all the time but not accumulate water.
4) Fertilizing
The summer fertilizer of the high-nitrogen citrus is used from 3 late months to 10 months, and the special winter fertilizer of the citrus is used in winter. The fertilizer is preferably applied before trees flower, mainly the fertilizer with high nitrogen content and low phosphoric acid content, or the mineral fertilizer containing potassium and trace elements, such as zinc, copper, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese and the like, is applied together with irrigation water.
5) Pruning and trimming
The finger lemons grow slowly and do not generally require forced pruning, and if they are heavily pruned, they may die, especially from old trees. The saplings are trimmed lightly, and the growth vigor of 4-6 main branches of the finger lemon is adjusted through trimming and shaping. And (4) removing vigorous bud seedlings and stock buds along with the maturity of the trees. Light pruning is usually performed after harvesting the fruit every year to renew the wood of the fruit and to keep the trees at a controlled height. When the fingers of the lemon are trimmed, the hands are protected by wearing gloves because the thorns are very thorny. Note that: these thorns may also damage the fruit in the windy areas. If certain fruit is to be protected, nearby thorns may be cut off or, preferably, a wind barrier may be built up on the tree. The finger lemons need to be regularly cleaned of dead wood, but are not easy to trim in hot weather, dense branches of the finger lemons are cleaned, the density among the branches is reduced, air circulation is achieved, light penetrates through the center of the tree, and the quality of the tree and fruits is improved. In addition, particular attention was paid to shoots grafted from the main stem and these shoots were immediately removed.
6) Flower and fruit management and disease and pest control
Sufficient water needs to be poured into the finger lemons in the flowering period, and if the water content is insufficient, flower and fruit fall are caused, and the yield is influenced. The lemon finger has high resistance to diseases and insect pests, fruit flies cannot be attracted, diseases rarely occur, the lemon finger belongs to easily cultivated and managed tree species, the diseases and insect pests which harm the lemon finger mainly comprise citrus leaf miners, butterfly bamboos, loopers, citrus arrowheads, canker and the like, but the diseases and insect pests which have great economic influence on the lemon finger do not occur, the damaged tips can be prevented and controlled by trimming, tender branches or leaves which are seriously influenced in a plantation are removed and destroyed, pesticides are used, unused and used carefully as little as possible, and orchard management is enhanced. If the pterides are harmful to leaves, the spraying prevention can be carried out by adopting bacillus thuringiensis, 4000 times liquid of 1% abamectin or 3000 times liquid of 30% killing chrysanthemum ester.
7) Harvesting and storing
According to different climatic conditions and varieties, fruits mature between 12 months and 5 months of the next year, and the main harvest period is between 3 months and 5 months. The fruits were picked every 10 to 14 days, depending on the age of the tree. The finger lemons must be picked after being ripe, and immature fruits are bitter and cannot be ripened. The data show that the fresh finger lemons have a shelf life of about 5 weeks in a cool room at 5-10 ℃, and the fruits are cold damaged below 4 ℃. Care should be taken to avoid fruit collisions during and after harvest because the peel is susceptible to damage.
Example 1
The finger lemons are potted according to the cultivation method of the invention by using ceramic pots with the caliber of 50cm and the height of 40cm, and the number of the fruits is 40-70.
Comparative example 1
The lemon finger is potted according to the cultivation method of the invention by using the ceramic basin with the caliber of 10cm and the height of 15cm, and the young lemon cannot bear fruit.
Comparative example 2
The finger lemons are potted according to the cultivation method of the invention by using a ceramic basin with the caliber of 20cm and the height of 20cm, and the number of the fruits is 5-40.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cultivating potted finger lemons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting land: selecting tropical and subtropical rainforest regions with the temperature of 16-32 ℃ and the annual precipitation of more than 400 mm as planting areas;
2) selecting seedlings, selecting pots and planting: selecting mature disease-free finger lemon seedlings; selecting a ceramic basin with good water permeability and air permeability, wherein planting soil comprises garden soil, coconut coir, nutrient soil, perlite and wood chips; the potted plants after field planting guarantee illumination time of at least 5-6 hours every day, and a small finger lemon seedling is planted in one pot;
3) watering and fertilizing: observing the soil humidity condition every day in the 1 st month of planting to ensure that the soil 2cm away from the pot is kept moist, ensuring that the soil 30cm away from the earth surface is kept moist from the 2 nd month to the early 7 th month of planting, and keeping the soil in the pot moist from the middle ten days to the bottom of 8 months of planting but not accumulating water; during the period from the flowering to the fruit growing to 1cm, the fertilization is avoided, otherwise the fruit abortion is easily caused;
4) pruning and trimming: pruning and shaping the saplings to keep 4-6 main branches; removing vigorous sprouts and rootstocks along with the maturity of the trees; the fruit is lightly trimmed after picking to renew the fruit wood and keep the tree at a controlled height;
5) flower and fruit management and pest control: sufficient water is needed to be irrigated in the flowering period; pest control is carried out by pruning the damaged tips, pesticides are used as little as possible, unnecessary and cautiously used, and orchard management is enhanced;
6) harvesting, storing and transporting: the fruits are ripe between 12 months and 5 months of the next year, the main harvesting period is between 3 months and 5 months, and the fruits are picked every 10 to 14 days; care should be taken to avoid fruit collisions during and after harvest.
2. A method for cultivating potted finger lemons according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the soil layer of the planting area is loose, the water drainage is good, the soil is moist and fertile and loose, and the pH value is between 5.5 and 8.5.
3. A cultivation method of potted finger lemons according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), the finger lemon seedlings are dipped in the rooting powder solution for 15-20 seconds and then transplanted into a pot for field planting.
4. A method for cultivating a potted finger lemon as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the aperture of the ceramic basin is 45-55cm, and the height is 35-55 cm; the mass ratio of the garden soil, the coconut chaff, the nutrient soil, the perlite and the sawdust is 4:4:2:1: 1; the potted plants are placed on a large dish or tray filled with gravel, high humidity is maintained, and the water level is maintained below the gravel surface.
5. A method for cultivating a potted finger lemon as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the fertilizer is applied before the tree blooms, and the fertilizer mainly comprises the fertilizer with high nitrogen content and low phosphoric acid content; alternatively, a mineral fertilizer containing potassium and trace elements including at least one of zinc, copper, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese is used.
6. A method for cultivating potted finger lemons according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), withered wood needs to be removed periodically, but the withered wood is not easy to trim when the weather is hot; clearing dense branches; and removing the twigs grafted by the main stems.
7. A method for cultivating potted finger lemons according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), when the pterides larvae endanger leaves, the leaf is treated by spraying with bacillus thuringiensis, 1% abamectin 4000-fold liquid or 30% pyrethrum-killing 3000-fold liquid.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113133358A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-07-20 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Application of lemon extract in improving vitamin E content of citrus fruits |
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